A floating tool shank for machining of hard and brittle materials

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of float tool shank for hard brittle material processing, including fixed rod;Still including the float rod of being sleeved in the inside of fixed rod, small clearance fit between float rod and fixed rod, the surface of fixed rod is equipped with thread one, locking nut is connected with fixed rod by thread one, locking nut is located the outside of fixed rod, the surface of fixed rod is equipped with insertion hole, the surface of float rod is equipped with insertion slot, anti-rotation column is inserted in insertion hole and insertion slot, spring mechanism is equipped in the inside of fixed rod, spring mechanism includes one spring one and one spring two, spring one is movably sleeved in the middle part of float rod, spring two is sleeved in the right end of float rod, the left end of float rod is equipped with thread two;The novel provides radial damping by spring one, suppresses vibration, improves surface finish, spring two realizes axial floating, buffer impact, avoid tool chipping and workpiece cracking, improve processing stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of floating tool holder technology, specifically a floating tool holder for machining hard and brittle materials. Background Technology

[0002] Tool holders are key components that connect machine tool spindles and cutting tools. They are used to transmit torque and axial force, and to install and position the tool. Their main function is to ensure the stability and accuracy of the tool under high-speed rotation. They are widely used in milling, drilling, grinding and other machining processes. In precision manufacturing, the performance of tool holders directly affects machining quality, tool life and production efficiency. They are an indispensable auxiliary tool in CNC machining.

[0003] Most tool holders for machining hard and brittle materials are rigid connection structures, which lack elastic buffering mechanisms during cutting and cannot effectively absorb and attenuate high-frequency vibration energy. When the tool comes into contact with the hard and brittle material, the poor impact resistance of the material and the large fluctuation of the cutting force can easily cause resonance and chatter in the tool system, resulting in increased vibration amplitude. This not only affects the surface finish of the machined surface, causing scratches, chatter marks or edge cracks, but also accelerates tool wear and may even cause tool breakage or workpiece scrapping. At the same time, it has an adverse effect on the accuracy of the machine tool spindle and the overall machining stability. Utility Model Content

[0004] Existing tool holders for machining hard and brittle materials are rigid structures that lack adaptive floating capabilities, making it difficult to cope with uneven material surfaces or cutting impacts, and easily causing vibration and edge chipping. This utility model aims to solve the above problems by providing a floating tool holder with radial vibration reduction and axial buffering functions.

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this utility model provides a floating tool holder for machining hard and brittle materials. Spring 1 dampens vibration and improves surface quality, while spring 2, with its clearance, provides axial buffering, reduces impact, prevents chipping and workpiece cracking, and improves machining stability. This solves the common problems of tool holders lacking buffering, making it difficult to suppress vibration, easily causing chatter, affecting surface finish, causing chipping, tool wear or breakage, and reducing machining accuracy and stability.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a floating tool holder for processing hard and brittle materials, comprising a fixed rod; and a floating rod sleeved inside the fixed rod, wherein the floating rod and the fixed rod are fitted with a small clearance, the surface of the fixed rod is provided with a thread, a locking nut is connected to the fixed rod through the thread, the locking nut is located on the outside of the fixed rod, the surface of the fixed rod is provided with an insertion hole, the surface of the floating rod is provided with a slot, an anti-rotation post is inserted into the insertion hole and the slot, and a spring mechanism is provided inside the fixed rod; The spring mechanism includes a spring one and a spring two. Spring one is movably sleeved in the middle of the floating rod, and spring two is sleeved at the right end of the floating rod. The left end of the floating rod is provided with a thread two.

[0007] Furthermore, spring one and spring two are single helical springs, with a set of springs located on the outer periphery of the middle part of the floating rod.

[0008] Furthermore, the second spring is sleeved at the right end of the floating rod, and the second spring is set at the step inside the fixed rod.

[0009] Furthermore, the anti-rotation pin is a cylindrical pin, which slides within the slot when the floating rod moves axially.

[0010] Furthermore, the floating rod is slidably fitted inside the fixed rod, and the fixed rod and the floating rod are in clearance fit. The clearance allows the floating rod to move axially, and when the floating rod moves axially, the anti-rotation column restricts the radial displacement of the floating rod.

[0011] Furthermore, thread two is located on the outer circumference of the left end of the floating rod, and it engages with thread two when the cutter head is screwed in.

[0012] Furthermore, a tapered body is provided at the right end of the fixed rod. The tapered body is inserted into the mounting hole of the machine tool spindle. The pull rod inside the spindle applies axial tension to the fixed rod, so that the tapered body fits against the inner wall of the mounting hole.

[0013] Furthermore, spring one and spring two have different stiffnesses, with spring one having a lower stiffness than spring two. Spring one and spring two are used to adapt to the needs of radial vibration attenuation and axial preload adjustment, respectively.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of this application has the following beneficial effects: 1. By setting a spring in the middle of the floating rod, a radial elastic support structure is formed, which can absorb and attenuate high-frequency vibration energy during the cutting process, reduce tool chatter, and attenuate the vibration amplitude, thereby obtaining a smoother machining surface and reducing burrs and chipping. It is especially suitable for precision milling and edge trimming of hard and brittle materials such as glass, sapphire, and ceramics. 2. Spring 2 is located at the right end of the floating rod and works in conjunction with a small-clearance sliding structure to allow the tool to make a small axial displacement when cutting in, cutting out, or encountering uneven material hardness. This buffers the instantaneous impact force and prevents the tool from chipping or the workpiece from cracking due to rigid contact, thus improving the stability and safety of the machining process. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled three-dimensional structure of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the location of the floating rod of this utility model.

[0016] In the diagram: 1. Fixed rod; 2. Floating rod; 3. Locking nut; 4. Anti-rotation post; 5. Spring 1; 6. Spring 2; 7. Thread 1; 8. Insertion hole; 9. Slot; 10. Thread 2. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0018] Please see Figure 1 This embodiment of a floating tool holder for processing hard and brittle materials includes a fixed rod 1 and a floating rod 2 sleeved inside the fixed rod 1. The floating rod 2 and the fixed rod 1 are fitted with a small clearance. The surface of the fixed rod 1 is provided with a thread 7. A locking nut 3 is connected to the fixed rod 1 through the thread 7. The locking nut 3 is located outside the fixed rod 1. The surface of the fixed rod 1 is provided with an insertion hole 8. The surface of the floating rod 2 is provided with a slot 9. An anti-rotation post 4 is inserted into the insertion hole 8 and the slot 9. The fixed rod 1 is provided with a spring mechanism inside.

[0019] In this embodiment, spring 5 provides radial elastic support in the middle of the floating rod 2, effectively absorbing vibration, suppressing chatter, and improving the quality of the machined surface; spring 6 cooperates with the small clearance structure to allow the tool to extend and retract slightly in the axial direction, buffering the impact force during cutting in and out, preventing chipping and workpiece cracking, and improving machining stability.

[0020] Please see Figures 1-5 In this embodiment, in order to realize that the spring 5 is installed in the middle of the floating rod 2, which can reduce vibration and noise, make the processing more stable and the surface smoother, the spring mechanism in this embodiment includes a spring 5 and a spring 6. The spring 5 is movably sleeved in the middle of the floating rod 2, and the spring 6 is sleeved at the right end of the floating rod 2. The left end of the floating rod 2 is provided with a thread 10.

[0021] In this embodiment, spring 5 is located in the middle of the floating rod 2 to provide radial elastic support, absorb cutting vibration, suppress chatter, and improve machining stability. Spring 6 is located at the right end of the floating rod 2 to provide axial buffering, reduce cutting impact, and prevent tool chipping or workpiece cracking. The floating rod 2 and the fixed rod 1 are fitted with a small clearance to ensure smooth axial sliding and limit radial offset. Anti-rotation post 4 is inserted into the fixed rod 1 socket 8 and the floating rod 2 slot 9 to prevent the floating rod 2 from rotating with the spindle and ensure accurate guidance. Locking nut 3 is connected to the fixed rod 1 by a thread to achieve structural clamping. Thread 10 is located at the left end of the floating rod 2 for installing the tool head or tool holder. The right end of the fixed rod 1 is provided with a tapered body for connecting with the machine tool spindle to achieve positioning and clamping.

[0022] It should be noted that the floating rod 2 is slidably fitted inside the fixed rod 1. The fixed rod 1 and the floating rod 2 are in clearance fit, which allows the floating rod 2 to move axially. When the floating rod 2 moves axially, the anti-rotation post 4 restricts the radial displacement of the floating rod 2. The thread 10 is located on the outer circumference of the left end of the floating rod 2. When the tool head is screwed in, it meshes with the thread 10. The floating rod 2 and the fixed rod 1 are slidably connected through clearance fit, allowing the floating rod 2 to move freely in the axial direction to adapt to position changes during machining. The anti-rotation post 4 is inserted into the slots of the fixed rod 1 and the floating rod 2 to restrict the radial displacement and circumferential rotation of the floating rod 2, ensuring stable movement. Spring 5 and spring 6 provide radial damping and axial buffering, absorbing vibration and reducing impact. The locking nut 3 presses the fixed rod 1 to maintain the pre-tight state of the internal structure. The thread 10 is located at the left end of the floating rod 2 and is used to connect the tool head or tool holder to realize the installation and fixation of the tool. The overall structure maintains sufficient rigidity while ensuring the floating function.

[0023] Please see Figures 1-5 In this embodiment, in order to achieve tool extension and retraction buffering and avoid hard collision damage to the tool and workpiece, spring 5 and spring 6 are single helical springs. Spring 5 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the middle part of the floating rod 2, and spring 6 is sleeved on the right end of the floating rod 2. Spring 6 is set at the step inside the fixed rod 1. The anti-rotation post 4 is a cylindrical pin. When the floating rod 2 moves axially, the anti-rotation post 4 slides in the slot 9.

[0024] In this embodiment, spring 5 and spring 6 adopt a helical spring structure, providing radial elastic support and axial buffering respectively. Spring 5 absorbs cutting vibration, suppresses chatter, and improves machining stability. Spring 6 generates compression deformation when the tool contacts the workpiece, relieving the impact force during the cutting process and preventing tool chipping or workpiece cracking. The anti-rotation post 4 acts as a cylindrical pin and cooperates with the slots on the fixed rod 1 and the floating rod 2. It restricts the rotation of the floating rod 2 and maintains guiding stability when the floating rod 2 moves axially. The stepped structure inside the fixed rod 1 is used to position spring 6 and ensure its normal operation. The overall structure achieves adaptive compensation through elastic deformation, protecting the tool and workpiece.

[0025] It should be added that the fixed rod 1 and the floating rod 2 are made of high-strength alloy steel or stainless steel, and the surface is nitrided or coated to improve wear resistance and fatigue resistance. Spring 1 5 and Spring 2 6 are made of spring steel or stainless steel and have good elastic recovery ability.

[0026] It should be noted that the right end of the fixed rod 1 is provided with a tapered body. The tapered body is inserted into the mounting hole of the machine tool spindle. The pull rod inside the spindle applies axial tension to the fixed rod 1, so that the tapered body fits against the inner wall of the mounting hole. The stiffness of spring one and spring two are different. The stiffness of spring one is less than that of spring two. Spring one and spring two are used to adapt to the needs of radial vibration attenuation and axial preload adjustment, respectively.

[0027] The working principle of the above embodiments is as follows: During use, after the tool holder is installed on the machine tool spindle, the spindle pull rod applies axial tension, causing the tapered body at the right end of the fixed rod 1 to fit tightly against the inner hole of the spindle, thus achieving tool holder positioning and clamping. The floating rod 2 is slidably set inside the fixed rod 1 with a small clearance fit, and its left end thread is used to connect the tool head. Before machining begins, the locking nut 3 presses the structure of the fixed rod 1 tightly. Spring 5 and spring 6 are pre-pressed at the middle and right end step of the floating rod 2, respectively, providing radial damping and axial buffering. When the tool head contacts the workpiece, if there is a positional deviation or cutting force fluctuation, the floating rod 2 extends and retracts slightly axially under the action of the spring, absorbing impact energy and avoiding rigid collisions. At the same time, spring 5 plays a vibration damping role, suppressing high-frequency vibration and preventing chatter (in the non-cutting state, spring 5 and spring 6 are at...). In the pre-compression state, the floating rod 2 remains centered and stable. When the tool contacts the workpiece, if the force is uneven or the surface is uneven, the floating rod 2 will generate axial displacement and slight deflection under the action of the spring, automatically conforming to the surface curvature and maintaining a constant cutting force. The anti-rotation post 4 slides in the insertion hole 8 and slot 9, restricting the rotation of the floating rod 2 and ensuring accurate motion guidance. During the machining process, the tool adapts to the workpiece surface with the floating rod 2, maintaining a stable cutting force (the cutting torque is transmitted from the spindle to the fixed rod 1 through the taper shank of the fixed rod 1, and then to the floating rod 2 through the anti-rotation post 4, ultimately driving the tool to rotate. The axial cutting force acts on the floating rod 2 through the tool, and after being buffered by the spring, it is transmitted to the fixed rod 1, reducing the impact on the spindle). This completes the precision machining of hard and brittle materials and protects the tool and the workpiece.

[0028] When machining glass materials, this floating toolholder can reduce vibration amplitude by more than 85% compared to a rigid toolholder, reduce the surface roughness Ra value from 1.8μm to 0.6μm, and increase tool life by approximately 3 times. It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0029] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A floating tool holder for machining hard and brittle materials, comprising a fixed rod (1); characterized in that: It also includes a floating rod (2) sleeved inside the fixed rod (1), the floating rod (2) and the fixed rod (1) are fitted with a small clearance, the surface of the fixed rod (1) is provided with a thread (7), the locking nut (3) is connected to the fixed rod (1) through the thread (7), the locking nut (3) is located outside the fixed rod (1), the surface of the fixed rod (1) is provided with a socket (8), the surface of the floating rod (2) is provided with a slot (9), the anti-rotation column (4) is inserted into the socket (8) and the slot (9), and the fixed rod (1) is provided with a spring mechanism inside; The spring mechanism includes a spring one (5) and a spring two (6). Spring one (5) is movably sleeved in the middle of the floating rod (2), and spring two (6) is sleeved at the right end of the floating rod (2). The left end of the floating rod (2) is provided with thread two (10).

2. A floating tool holder for machining hard and brittle materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: Spring 1 (5) and Spring 2 (6) are single helical springs, with Spring 1 (5) sleeved on the outer periphery of the middle part of the floating rod (2).

3. A floating tool holder for machining hard and brittle materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: Spring 2 (6) is sleeved at the right end of the floating rod (2), and its spring 2 (6) is set at the step inside the fixed rod (1).

4. A floating tool holder for machining hard and brittle materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-rotation pin (4) is a cylindrical pin. When the floating rod (2) moves axially, the anti-rotation pin (4) slides in the slot (9).

5. A floating tool holder for machining hard and brittle materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The floating rod (2) is slidably fitted inside the fixed rod (1). The fixed rod (1) and the floating rod (2) are in clearance fit. The clearance allows the floating rod (2) to move axially. When the floating rod (2) moves axially, the anti-rotation column (4) will restrict the radial displacement of the floating rod (2).

6. A floating tool holder for machining hard and brittle materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: Thread 2 (10) is located on the outer periphery of the left end of the floating rod (2), and it meshes with Thread 2 (10) when the cutter head is screwed in.

7. A floating tool holder for machining hard and brittle materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The right end of the fixed rod (1) is provided with a tapered body. The tapered body is inserted into the mounting hole of the machine tool spindle. The pull rod inside the spindle applies axial tension to the fixed rod (1) so that the tapered body fits against the inner wall of the mounting hole.

8. A floating tool holder for machining hard and brittle materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: Spring 1 (5) and Spring 2 (6) have different stiffnesses. Spring 1 (5) has a smaller stiffness than Spring 2 (6). Spring 1 (5) and Spring 2 (6) are used to adapt to the needs of radial vibration attenuation and axial preload adjustment, respectively.

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