Desktop CNC lathe

Abstract

The utility model discloses a desktop numerical control lathe, including the body, main shaft box assembly, tailstock assembly and bed saddle assembly, the body is used for supporting and fixed installation main shaft box assembly and tailstock assembly, and the body is equipped with the bed saddle guide rail for guiding the sliding of bed saddle assembly, main shaft box assembly includes the main shaft drive motor of installation in the body, the main shaft box of installation in the body top surface and the main shaft of bearing support in main shaft box, the main shaft end is equipped with hydraulic chuck, and the transmission between main shaft and main shaft drive motor is through synchronous belt mechanism, and synchronous belt mechanism adopts quick change formula synchronous pulley, tailstock assembly is installed in the body with adjustable position, is used for through the tail end of workpiece of top centre tight, bed saddle assembly includes bed saddle, the sliding support of sliding plate in bed saddle through sliding plate guide rail, the tool rest of setting on the sliding plate, the ball screw mechanism I for driving bed saddle relative to the body sliding and the ball screw mechanism II for driving sliding plate relative to bed saddle sliding. This lathe compact structure, operation maintenance convenient and safety protection is perfect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of CNC lathe technology for teaching purposes, specifically a desktop CNC lathe. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of fields such as small precision parts processing, innovative practices, and vocational education training, desktop CNC lathes, due to their compact size, low space occupancy, and moderate operating threshold, are gradually becoming commonly used equipment for small-batch processing, teaching demonstrations, and personal creative projects. Currently, the development of desktop CNC lathes shows clear trends: First, "balancing miniaturization and high precision," end users require equipment that fits within compact desktop spaces while also demanding higher processing accuracy; second, "multi-functional integration and easy expansion," requiring equipment to support multiple processing steps such as turning and drilling, while also possessing a modular structure to accommodate functional expansion; third, "intelligent operation and enhanced usability," targeting non-professional groups such as makers and students, requiring simplified operating procedures and the addition of visual monitoring modules; fourth, "environmental protection and safety upgrades," with stricter requirements for chip removal, dust prevention, and protection against flying metal chips in enclosed desktop environments; and fifth, "ease of maintenance," requiring reduced complexity in component disassembly, assembly, and function adjustment.

[0003] However, under the aforementioned development trends, existing desktop CNC lathes still have many issues that need to be optimized in terms of structural design rationality, ease of operation, and machining auxiliary performance.

[0004] First, most existing CNC lathes use a direct-drive motor layout for their spindle drives. While this simplifies the transmission chain, it significantly increases the axial dimension of the spindle system, which conflicts with the trend towards miniaturization and compactness in desktop equipment. This results in increased overall space occupancy, making it difficult to fit into the limited space available in desktop environments. Furthermore, the direct-drive motor structure lacks flexible gear ratio adjustment capabilities. If subsequent modifications or adjustments are needed to adapt to different machining conditions, the operational costs are high, contradicting the industry trend of "easy maintenance and easy expansion" and reducing the equipment's adaptability to various operating conditions.

[0005] Secondly, the existing desktop teaching CNC lathes have simple chip removal structures, which make it easy for iron chips to accumulate and scatter. This not only does not conform to the trend of "environmental protection and safety", but may also interfere with the operation of moving parts.

[0006] In addition, some existing desktop teaching CNC lathes lack a complete protective structure and have insufficient observation window design, which not only poses safety hazards but also fails to meet the needs of "teaching demonstration". Utility Model Content

[0007] In view of this, the purpose of this utility model is to address the structural defects of existing desktop CNC lathes and their insufficient adaptation to the needs of industry development, and to provide a desktop CNC lathe that is compact in structure, easy to operate and maintain, and has complete safety protection.

[0008] This utility model discloses a desktop CNC lathe, characterized in that it includes a bed, a spindle box assembly, a tailstock assembly, and a saddle assembly; the bed supports and fixes the spindle box assembly and the tailstock assembly, and the bed is provided with a saddle guide rail for guiding the sliding of the saddle assembly; the spindle box assembly includes a spindle drive motor installed in the bed, a spindle box installed on the top surface of the bed, and a spindle supported on the spindle box by bearings; a hydraulic chuck is provided at the end of the spindle, and the spindle and the spindle drive motor are driven by a synchronous belt mechanism, the synchronous belt mechanism adopting a quick-change synchronous belt pulley; the tailstock assembly is installed on the bed in an adjustable manner, and is used to clamp the tail end of the workpiece by a center; the saddle assembly includes a saddle, a slide plate slidably supported on the saddle by a slide rail, a tool post set on the slide plate, a ball screw mechanism I for driving the saddle to slide relative to the bed, and a ball screw mechanism II for driving the slide plate to slide relative to the saddle.

[0009] Preferably, the saddle includes a saddle seat and an integrally formed groove-shaped mounting part inclinedly placed on the saddle seat. The bottom of the saddle seat is provided with a saddle slider for sliding cooperation with the saddle guide rail. The ball screw mechanism II is disposed in the groove-shaped mounting part, and the sliding plate guide rail is disposed on the top of the two side walls of the groove-shaped mounting part.

[0010] Preferably, the bed has a chip removal hole in the middle, and inclined surfaces on both sides of the chip removal hole guide the iron chips into the chip removal hole; a chip collection drawer is provided below the chip removal hole.

[0011] Preferably, the saddle has baffles on both sides, the baffles are obliquely placed to guide iron filings into the chip removal hole, and the outer edge of the baffles is bent upward to form a chip-blocking wall.

[0012] Preferably, a servo motor is mounted on the tail of the saddle via a motor mounting bracket, and the servo motor drives the lead screw in the ball screw mechanism II to rotate via a synchronous belt mechanism.

[0013] Preferably, the tailstock assembly includes a tailstock support and a pneumatic tailstock; the bed is provided with a tailstock adjustment guide rail, the tailstock support is slidably fitted onto the tailstock adjustment guide rail, and the tailstock support and the tailstock adjustment guide rail are fixed to each other by adjusting nuts.

[0014] Preferably, the lathe further includes a protective cover, the front of which is provided with a sliding door, and both the sliding door and the back of the protective cover are provided with observation windows.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0016] 1. The desktop CNC lathe of this utility model replaces the existing direct-drive layout of the motor. By adopting synchronous belt drive and configuring quick-change synchronous pulleys, it not only solves the problem of excessive axial size caused by direct-drive motor, realizing the compactness of the equipment structure, but also allows for quick replacement of synchronous pulleys to adapt to different transmission ratios, improving the equipment's adaptability to different processing conditions and ease of maintenance.

[0017] 2. This utility model achieves orderly guidance and centralized collection of processing chips by setting chip drop holes, chip collection drawers and guide baffles, solving the problem of chip scattering and accumulation in existing equipment, and improving the cleanliness of the processing process and the stability of equipment operation.

[0018] 3. By adding a protective cover and observation window, this utility model not only avoids the safety hazard of iron filings flying during processing, but also facilitates operators to monitor the processing status in real time, thereby improving the operational safety and ease of use of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the external shape of a desktop CNC lathe.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of a desktop CNC lathe;

[0021] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the transmission of the main spindle box assembly;

[0022] Figure 4 A sectional view of the spindle box assembly;

[0023] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the saddle assembly Figure I ;

[0024] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the saddle assembly Figure II ;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the saddle structure;

[0026] Figure 8 This is a structural schematic diagram of the tailstock assembly;

[0027] Figure 9 This is a structural diagram of the bed.

[0028] Spindle box assembly-1, Saddle assembly-2, Tailstock assembly-3, Bed-4, Spindle driven pulley-11, Spindle box-12, Chuck connecting flange-13, Hydraulic chuck-14, Spindle drive motor-15, Spindle drive pulley-16, Baffle plate-21, Tool post-22, Slide block-23, Lead screw bearing-24, Anti-collision pad-25, Slide guide rail-26, Slide plate-27, Servo motor II-21 1. Saddle guide rail - 212. Drive pulley I - 213. Motor mounting base - 214. Driven pulley I - 215. Servo motor I - 216. Nut I - 217. Slider mounting slot - 210. Saddle seat - 29. Slotted mounting part - 28. Pneumatic tailstock - 31. Tailstock adjusting guide rail - 32. Spindle box mounting table - 41. Chamber - 42. Chip removal hole - 43. Support rib - 44. Guide rail seat - 45. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The implementation method of the desktop CNC lathe of this utility model is described in detail below:

[0030] like Figure 2 As shown, the desktop CNC lathe of this embodiment includes a bed 4, a spindle box assembly 1, a tailstock assembly, and a saddle assembly 2.

[0031] like Figure 9 As shown, the bed 4 supports and securely mounts the spindle box assembly 1 and the tailstock assembly. A spindle box mounting platform 41 is integrally formed on the top left side of the bed 4, with multiple mounting holes for fixing the spindle box 12. A chamber for mounting the spindle drive motor 15 is located below the spindle box mounting platform 41 inside the bed 4. Two support ribs 44 are integrally formed on the top right side of the bed 4, through which the tailstock adjusting guide rail 32 is mounted. Two guide rail seats 45 are integrally formed on the top front side of the bed 4. The guide rail seats 45 have a strip-shaped groove structure for mounting the saddle guide rail 212. The top of the bed 4 provides a stable mounting base for the spindle box assembly 1 and the tailstock assembly, ensuring the positional stability of these key components during machining, thereby guaranteeing machining accuracy. The saddle guide rail 212 provides precise guidance for the sliding of the saddle assembly 2, ensuring the straightness and positional accuracy of the saddle during movement, improving the machining accuracy and smoothness of the lathe. The machine bed 4 has a chip removal hole 43 located between the spindle box mounting table 41 and the support rib 44. Inclined surfaces on both sides of the chip removal hole 43 guide the chips into it. A chip collection drawer is located below the chip removal hole 43. The inclined surface design effectively guides the chips generated during machining into the chip removal hole 43, preventing chips from scattering on the surface of the machine bed 4, reducing interference from chips on the moving parts of the lathe, and improving the stability of the equipment operation. The chip collection drawer facilitates the centralized collection and cleaning of chips, improving the convenience of chip removal and the cleanliness of the machining environment.

[0032] like Figure 4As shown, the spindle box assembly 1 includes a spindle drive motor 15 installed inside the bed 4, a spindle box 12 installed on the top surface of the bed 4, and a spindle supported on the spindle box 12 by bearings; the spindle end is integrally formed with a chuck 14 connected to a flange 13, through which a hydraulic chuck 14 is installed; the spindle and the spindle drive motor 15 are driven by a synchronous belt mechanism, the synchronous belt mechanism adopts a quick-change synchronous belt pulley, the spindle drive motor 15 shaft is mounted with a spindle drive pulley 16, and the spindle end is mounted with a spindle driven pulley 11, the two pulleys are driven by a synchronous belt. Compared with the direct drive method, the transmission method of the spindle drive motor 15 and the spindle in this embodiment can reduce the axial dimension of the machine tool, making it suitable for use on desktop teaching lathes. The synchronous belt mechanism adopts a quick-change synchronous belt pulley, and its common structures include American standard expansion sleeve pulleys, European standard tapered sleeve pulleys, etc. The spindle drive pulley 16 is installed on the shaft of the spindle drive motor 15, and the spindle driven pulley 11 is installed at the end of the spindle. The two pulleys are driven by a synchronous belt. The quick-change design makes it convenient for students to disassemble and assemble.

[0033] like Figure 2 , 8 As shown, the tailstock assembly is mounted on the bed 4 in an adjustable manner, used to hold the tail end of the workpiece in place by a center. A tailstock adjustment guide rail 32 is fixedly mounted on the bed 4. The tailstock assembly includes a tailstock support and a pneumatic tailstock 31. The tailstock support is slidably fitted onto the tailstock adjustment guide rail 32, and the tailstock support and tailstock adjustment guide rail 32 are fixed together by an adjusting nut. The pneumatic tailstock 31 uses an existing pneumatic center tailstock, which is mounted on the tailstock support. An adjusting bolt is provided at the bottom of the tailstock support. When the bolt is tightened, the sliding seat is fixed to the tailstock adjustment guide rail 32. When the position needs to be adjusted, the bolt is loosened for sliding adjustment.

[0034] like Figure 5 , 6 As shown, the saddle assembly 2 includes a saddle, a slide plate 27 slidably supported on the saddle via a slide rail, a tool post 22 mounted on the slide plate 27, a ball screw mechanism I for driving the saddle to slide relative to the bed 4, and a ball screw mechanism II for driving the slide plate 27 to slide relative to the saddle. The ball screw mechanism I is installed between the two saddle rails 212 of the bed 4 and is driven by a servo motor I 216. The nut I 217 of the ball screw mechanism I is fixed to the bottom of the saddle, thereby driving the saddle to slide as a whole. The tool post 22 is mounted on the slide plate 27 of the saddle assembly 2. A multi-position tool post 22, as used in the prior art, can be adopted, which can hold multiple different types of cutting tools. A slide plate slider 23 is provided at the bottom of the slide plate 27 to cooperate with the slide rail.

[0035] like Figure 7The saddle includes a saddle seat 29 and an integrally formed groove-shaped mounting portion 28 obliquely placed on the saddle seat 29. The bottom of the saddle seat 29 has a slider mounting groove 210, through which a saddle slider for sliding cooperation with the saddle guide rail 212 is fixedly mounted. The ball screw mechanism II is disposed within the groove-shaped mounting portion 28, and the screw is supported by a screw bearing 24. Slide rails are disposed on the top of both side walls of the groove-shaped mounting portion 28, and anti-collision pads 25 are provided at the ends of the slide rails to limit the sliding of the slide plate 27. The integrally formed saddle structure improves the overall rigidity and stability of the saddle and reduces the risk of machining deformation. The slider mounting groove and other features make the installation and positioning of the saddle slider more precise and the fixation more stable, ensuring the guiding accuracy of the saddle sliding relative to the bed 4. The built-in layout of the ball screw mechanism II compresses the space occupied by the saddle assembly 2, meeting the compact requirements of desktop equipment.

[0036] In this embodiment, baffle plates 21 are provided on both sides of the saddle. The baffle plates 21 are inclined to guide iron filings into the chip removal holes 43. The outer edge of the baffle plate 21 is bent upward to form a chip-blocking wall. The inclined structure can guide the iron filings generated during processing to concentrate in the chip removal holes 43 by gravity, avoiding the accumulation of iron filings on the surface of the saddle or bed 4, and ensuring the smooth operation of the moving parts of the equipment. The chip-blocking wall formed by the upward bending of the outer edge can prevent iron filings from splashing to the outside of the equipment, which not only reduces the safety hazards during processing, but also reduces the pollution of the operating environment by iron filings.

[0037] like Figure 6 As shown, a servo motor II 211 is mounted on the tail of the saddle via an external motor mounting bracket. The servo motor II 211 drives the lead screw in the ball screw mechanism II to rotate via a synchronous belt mechanism (including a driving pulley I 213 and a driven pulley I 215). The external mounting bracket simplifies the disassembly and assembly process of the servo motor, meeting the "easy maintenance" design requirements of desktop lathes. The external layout avoids the occupancy of the internal space of the saddle by the internal motor, further reducing the volume of the saddle assembly 2 and meeting the miniaturization requirements of desktop equipment.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, the lathe also includes a protective cover, with a sliding door at the front and observation windows at the back of both the sliding door and the protective cover. The protective cover prevents metal shavings from splashing and cutting fluid from spilling during machining, reducing operational safety risks; it also reduces the entry of external dust and other impurities into the equipment, protecting the operating environment of the lathe's core components. The dual observation window layout of the sliding door and the back allows for real-time observation of the machining status from different positions and angles, enhancing its teaching and demonstration capabilities.

[0039] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model. For those skilled in the art, the present utility model can have various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model are included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A desktop CNC lathe, characterized in that: Including the bed, headstock assembly, tailstock assembly, and saddle assembly; The bed is used to support and fix the spindle box assembly and tailstock assembly, and the bed is provided with a saddle guide rail for guiding the sliding of the saddle assembly; The spindle box assembly includes a spindle drive motor installed inside the bed, a spindle box installed on the top surface of the bed, and a spindle supported on the spindle box by bearings; the spindle end is provided with a hydraulic chuck, and the spindle and the spindle drive motor are driven by a synchronous belt mechanism, which adopts a quick-change synchronous belt pulley; The tailstock assembly is mounted on the bed in an adjustable manner and is used to hold the tail end of the workpiece with the center; The saddle assembly includes a saddle, a slide plate slidably supported on the saddle via a slide rail, a tool post mounted on the slide plate, a ball screw mechanism I for driving the saddle to slide relative to the bed, and a ball screw mechanism II for driving the slide plate to slide relative to the saddle.

2. The desktop CNC lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The saddle includes a saddle seat and an integrally formed groove-shaped mounting part that is inclined on the saddle seat. The bottom of the saddle seat is provided with a saddle slider for sliding cooperation with the saddle guide rail. The ball screw mechanism II is set in the groove-shaped mounting part, and the sliding plate guide rail is set on the top of the two side walls of the groove-shaped mounting part.

3. The desktop CNC lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The machine bed has a chip removal hole in the middle, and inclined surfaces on both sides of the chip removal hole guide the iron chips into the chip removal hole; a chip collection drawer is provided below the chip removal hole.

4. The desktop CNC lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The saddle is provided with baffles on both sides. The baffles are obliquely placed to guide iron filings into the chip removal hole. The outer edge of the baffle is bent upward to form a chip-blocking wall.

5. The desktop CNC lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The saddle tail section is equipped with a servo motor via a motor mounting bracket. The servo motor drives the lead screw in the ball screw mechanism II to rotate via a synchronous belt mechanism.

6. The desktop CNC lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tailstock assembly includes a tailstock support and a pneumatic tailstock; the bed is provided with a tailstock adjustment guide rail, the tailstock support is slidably fitted onto the tailstock adjustment guide rail, and the tailstock support and the tailstock adjustment guide rail are fixed to each other by adjusting nuts.

7. The desktop CNC lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lathe also includes a protective cover, with a sliding door at the front and observation windows at the back of both the sliding door and the protective cover.

Images