Circulating gas cooling structure of main shaft
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522560439.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-02
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-27
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-12-02
AI Technical Summary
[0002]现有的具有机床，芯轴通过轴承安装主轴主体的中心腔体，加工作业时，芯轴快速转动，进而使得轴承快速升温，现有技术仅在主轴本体沿着长度方向排布设置气冷管路，在主轴本体内的气冷管路仅能对靠近外圈位置的轴承外圈进行热传递散热，对轴承内圈的几乎不具备散热性能，其使得轴承内圈不能进行可靠有效散热，为此，急需研发一款可针对轴承内圈进行可靠散热的主轴
[0006]采用本实用新型的方案后，高压气体顺次通过进气通道、径向气路、进气导向气路后进入螺旋槽的前端起始位置，之后沿着螺旋槽对芯轴套管进行冷却，芯轴套管接触各组轴承的内圈，进而通过热传导对轴承的内圈进行冷却，由于主轴部分的长度方向外部仍旧设置冷却管路，其对轴承外圈进行气冷作业，进而使得气冷同时作用于轴承内圈和外圈，其使得轴承内圈能够进行可靠散热，延长了轴承的工作寿命。
Smart Images
Figure CN224896656U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of machine tool spindle structure, specifically a circulating air cooling structure for a spindle. Background Technology
[0002] Existing machine tools have a spindle mounted in the central cavity of the spindle body via bearings. During machining, the spindle rotates rapidly, causing the bearings to heat up quickly. Current technology only arranges air-cooling pipes along the length of the spindle body. These air-cooling pipes can only transfer heat to the outer ring of the bearing near the outer ring, providing almost no heat dissipation for the inner ring. This results in unreliable and ineffective heat dissipation for the inner ring. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a spindle that can reliably dissipate heat for the inner ring of the bearing. Utility Model Content
[0003] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a circulating air-cooling structure for a spindle, which enables reliable heat dissipation from the inner ring of the bearing, thereby extending the bearing's service life.
[0004] A circulating air-cooled structure for a spindle, characterized in that it comprises: The main spindle section has an air intake channel at its front end; The mandrel has an air intake guide passage on its front outer ring, a spiral groove is arranged on the outer circumference of the mandrel corresponding to the main shaft part, and an external thread is provided at the position of the rear end of the mandrel exposed to the main shaft part. The mandrel sleeve is a modular structure and is fixedly arranged on the outer periphery of the spiral groove. Several bearings, including a first bearing group and a second bearing group; Install the positioning sleeve; The front cover has radial air passages. Outer cover; The rear intake assembly includes a reversing connector and a rear labyrinth ring; And fastening blocks; The front cover is located at the front end of the main shaft and is sleeved on the outer periphery of the front end of the spindle. The air intake channel is connected to the radial outer end of the radial air passage, and the radial inner end of the radial air passage is connected to the air intake guide passage. The output end of the air intake guide passage is connected to the starting position of the front end of the spiral groove. The end of the spiral groove is connected to the rear axial guide hole. The rear bearing guide hole is connected to the radial inner end of the radial air outlet of the reversing connecting block through the radial connecting guide hole. The reversing connecting block is fixedly sleeved at the rear end of the spindle. The fastening pressure block is threadedly fixed to the external thread at the rear end of the spindle. The threaded pressure block is press-fitted onto the axial rear end of the reversing connecting block. The rear labyrinth ring is fixedly sleeved on the outer periphery of the reversing connecting block, and the air inlet end of the rear labyrinth ring is connected to the radial outer end of the radial air outlet of the reversing connecting block. The air outlet end of the rear labyrinth ring is arranged to blow air towards the main shaft portion. A mandrel sleeve is sleeved on the outer periphery of the mandrel spiral groove. The outer shafts at both axial ends of the mandrel sleeve are respectively provided with a first bearing group and a second bearing group. The first bearing group and the second bearing group are spaced apart by an installation positioning sleeve. The main shaft portion is sleeved on the outer ring of the first bearing group and the second bearing group.
[0005] Its further features are: The air intake channel includes several annularly arranged first radial air intake channels and first axial air intake channels, which makes the air passages evenly arranged. The first radial air intake channels are disposed on the side flange. The intake guide air passage includes a first radial intake guide air passage, a first oblique intake guide air passage, and a second oblique exhaust guide air passage. The radial inner end of the radial air passage is connected to the first radial intake guide air passage, and the output end of the second oblique exhaust guide air passage is connected to the front end starting position of the spiral groove. The front end of the spiral groove starts at a concave deep annular groove, which provides a converging cavity for the air intake, allowing multiple air intakes to converge and travel along the spiral groove. The spindle section is provided with a second air-cooling pipeline arranged along its length, which allows both the inner and outer rings of the bearing to be cooled by air cooling.
[0006] With the present invention, high-pressure gas sequentially passes through the intake channel, radial air path, and intake guide air path before entering the front end of the spiral groove. It then cools the mandrel sleeve along the spiral groove. The mandrel sleeve contacts the inner ring of each bearing group, and cools the inner ring of the bearing through heat conduction. Since cooling pipes are still provided on the outside of the main shaft along its length, they perform air cooling on the outer ring of the bearing. Thus, air cooling acts on both the inner and outer rings of the bearing simultaneously, enabling reliable heat dissipation of the inner ring and extending the service life of the bearing. Attached Figure Description
[0007] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention; The names corresponding to the serial numbers in the diagram are as follows: Main shaft 10, side flange 101, air intake channel 11, first radial air intake channel 111, first axial air intake channel 112, spindle 20, air intake guide passage 21, first radial air intake guide passage 211, first oblique air intake guide passage 212, second oblique air outlet guide passage 213, spiral groove 22, concave deep annular groove 221, external thread 23, rear axial guide hole 24, radial connecting guide hole 25, spindle sleeve 30, mounting positioning sleeve 40, front cover 50, radial air passage 51, outer cover 60, rear air intake assembly 70, reversing connecting block 71, radial air outlet hole 711, rear labyrinth ring 72, air intake end 721, air outlet end 722, fastening pressure block 80, first bearing assembly 90, second bearing assembly 100. Detailed Implementation
[0008] A circulating air-cooled structure for a spindle, see Figure 1 It includes a main shaft part 10, a spindle 20, a spindle sleeve 30, several bearings, a mounting and positioning sleeve 40, a front cover 50, an outer cover 60, a rear air intake assembly 70, and a fastening block 80. An air intake channel 11 is provided at the front end of the main shaft section 10; The mandrel 20 has an air intake guide passage 21 on the outer ring at the front end, and a spiral groove 22 is provided on the outer circumference of the mandrel 20 corresponding to the main shaft part 10. The mandrel 20 has an external thread 23 at the position of the rear end of the mandrel 20 exposed to the main shaft part 10. The mandrel sleeve 30 is an assembled structure, and it is fixedly arranged on the outer periphery of the spiral groove 22. Several bearings include a first bearing group 90 and a second bearing group 100; The front cover 50 is provided with a radial air passage 51; The rear intake assembly 70 includes a reversing connector 71 and a rear labyrinth ring 72; The front cover 50 is located at the front end of the main shaft part 10 and is sleeved on the outer periphery of the front end of the spindle 20. The air intake channel 11 is connected to the radial outer end of the radial air passage 51, and the radial inner end of the radial air passage 51 is connected to the air intake guide passage 21. The output end of the air intake guide passage 21 is connected to the starting position of the front end of the spiral groove 22. The end of the spiral groove 22 is connected to the rear axial guide hole 24. The rear bearing guide hole 24 is connected to the radial inner end of the radial air outlet 711 of the reversing connecting block 71 through the radial connecting guide hole 25. The reversing connecting block 71 is fixedly sleeved at the rear end of the spindle 20. The fastening pressure block 80 is threadedly fixed to the external thread 23 at the rear end of the spindle 20. The threaded pressure block 80 is pressed into the... At the axial rear end of the reversing connecting block 71, the rear labyrinth ring 72 is fixedly sleeved on the outer periphery of the reversing connecting block 71, and the air inlet end 721 of the rear labyrinth ring 72 is connected to the radial outer end of the radial air outlet hole 711 of the reversing connecting block 71. The air outlet end 722 of the rear labyrinth ring 72 is set to blow air towards the main shaft part 10. The outer periphery of the spiral groove 22 of the spindle 20 is fitted with a spindle sleeve 30. The outer shafts at both axial ends of the spindle sleeve 30 are respectively provided with a first bearing group 90 and a second bearing group 100. The first bearing group 90 and the second bearing group 100 are spaced apart by an installation positioning sleeve 40. The main shaft part 10 is sleeved on the outer ring of the first bearing group 90 and the second bearing group 100.
[0009] In practice, high-pressure gas is blown from the outlet at position 722 to prevent oil, water stains, and impurities from entering the rear end of the bearing, thereby achieving the purpose of waterproofing and dustproofing. This blowing method can better extend the bearing life and reduce the risk of water ingress at the rear end.
[0010] In specific implementation, the air intake channel 11 includes several annularly arranged first radial air intake channels 111 and first axial air intake channels 112, which makes the air passages evenly arranged. The first radial air intake channel 111 is set on the side flange 101. The intake guide air passage 21 includes a first radial intake guide air passage 211, a first oblique intake guide air passage 212, and a second oblique exhaust guide air passage 213. The radial inner end of the radial air passage 51 is connected to the first radial intake guide air passage 211, and the output end of the second oblique exhaust guide air passage 213 is connected to the front end starting position of the spiral groove 22. The front end of the spiral groove 22 starts at a concave deep annular groove 221. The concave deep annular groove 221 provides a converging cavity for the air intake, allowing multiple air intakes to converge and travel along the spiral groove. The spindle section 10 is provided with a second air-cooling pipeline (not shown in the figure, it is a mature existing technology, and can be reasonably set according to the specific structure of the spindle section), which enables both the inner and outer rings of the bearing to be cooled by air cooling.
[0011] Its working principle is as follows: High-pressure gas enters the front end of the spiral groove after passing through the intake channel, radial air path, and intake guide air path in sequence. Then, it cools the mandrel sleeve along the spiral groove. The mandrel sleeve contacts the inner ring of each bearing group, and then cools the inner ring of the bearing through heat conduction. Since the cooling pipe is still set on the outside of the main shaft in the length direction, it performs air cooling on the outer ring of the bearing, so that air cooling acts on both the inner and outer rings of the bearing at the same time.
[0012] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of this invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of this invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within this invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.
[0013] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims
1. A circulating air-cooled structure for a spindle, characterized in that, It includes: The main spindle section has an air intake channel at its front end; The mandrel has an air intake guide passage on its front outer ring, a spiral groove is arranged on the outer circumference of the mandrel corresponding to the main shaft part, and an external thread is provided at the position of the rear end of the mandrel exposed to the main shaft part. The mandrel sleeve is a modular structure and is fixedly arranged on the outer periphery of the spiral groove. Several bearings, including a first bearing group and a second bearing group; Install the positioning sleeve; The front cover has radial air passages. Outer cover; The rear intake assembly includes a reversing connector and a rear labyrinth ring; And fastening blocks; The front cover is located at the front end of the main shaft and is sleeved on the outer periphery of the front end of the spindle. The air intake channel is connected to the radial outer end of the radial air passage, and the radial inner end of the radial air passage is connected to the air intake guide passage. The output end of the air intake guide passage is connected to the starting position of the front end of the spiral groove. The end of the spiral groove is connected to the rear axial guide hole. The rear bearing guide hole is connected to the radial inner end of the radial air outlet of the reversing connecting block through the radial connecting guide hole. The reversing connecting block is fixedly sleeved at the rear end of the spindle. The fastening pressure block is threadedly fixed to the external thread at the rear end of the spindle. The fastening block is pressed onto the axial rear end of the reversing connecting block. The rear labyrinth ring is fixedly sleeved on the outer periphery of the reversing connecting block, and the air inlet end of the rear labyrinth ring is connected to the radial outer end of the radial air outlet of the reversing connecting block. The air outlet end of the rear labyrinth ring is arranged to blow air towards the main shaft portion. The outer periphery of the mandrel spiral groove is fitted with a mandrel sleeve. The outer shafts at both axial ends of the mandrel sleeve are respectively provided with a first bearing group and a second bearing group. The first bearing group and the second bearing group are spaced apart by an installation positioning sleeve. The main shaft portion is sleeved on the outer ring of the first bearing group and the second bearing group.
2. The circulating air-cooling structure for a spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air intake channel includes several annular first radial air intake channels and first axial air intake channels, with the first radial air intake channels disposed on the side flange.
3. The circulating air-cooling structure for a spindle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The intake guide air passage includes a first radial intake guide air passage, a first oblique intake guide air passage, and a second oblique exhaust guide air passage. The radial inner end of the radial air passage is connected to the first radial intake guide air passage, and the output end of the second oblique exhaust guide air passage is connected to the front end starting position of the spiral groove.
4. The circulating air-cooled structure for a spindle according to claim 3, characterized in that: The front end of the spiral groove starts at a concave deep annular groove.
5. The circulating air-cooled structure for a spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second air-cooling pipeline is arranged along the length of the main shaft.