A polishing machine

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of polishing machine provides a kind of grinding polishing machine, including shell, pedestal arranged in shell and rack arranged on pedestal, the rack is equipped with Z axial drive mechanism, the Z axial drive mechanism is equipped with abrasive head mechanism, the pedestal is equipped with Y axial drive mechanism, Y axial drive mechanism is equipped with X axial drive mechanism, X axial drive mechanism is equipped with AC axis rotary table, the AC axis rotary table includes rotationally connected four-axis component and five-axis component, force control sensor is equipped between the five-axis component bottom and the X axial drive mechanism, the four-axis component top is equipped with workpiece clamp, the force control sensor is connected with the workpiece clamp by AC axis rotary table, real-time detection and control processing force, suitable for complex curved surface grinding, improve processing consistency and automation level.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of polishing machine technology, and in particular relates to a grinding and polishing machine. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, workpieces often require grinding and polishing after machining, a process that significantly impacts surface quality. Especially for high-end equipment and precision parts, grinding and polishing effectively eliminate tool marks, microcracks, and residual stress, improving surface finish and contour accuracy, thereby enhancing fatigue strength, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance.

[0003] However, existing grinding equipment mostly uses constant pressure for processing, which is suitable for flat or simple curved surfaces, but has significant shortcomings when dealing with complex curved surfaces. Due to the variation of the normal direction and curvature at various points on the surface, constant grinding force easily leads to over-grinding of raised areas and under-grinding of recessed areas, affecting the consistency of processing. Operators need to frequently manually adjust the workpiece position, which is not only labor-intensive and inefficient, but also makes it difficult to guarantee the processing quality.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model designs a grinding and polishing machine. Utility Model Content

[0005] This utility model provides a grinding and polishing machine, which aims to solve the problem of over-grinding or under-grinding caused by uneven grinding force in the prior art, and improve the level of automation and consistency of processing.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a grinding and polishing machine, comprising a housing, a base disposed within the housing, and a frame disposed on the base. The frame is provided with a Z-axis drive mechanism, the Z-axis drive mechanism is provided with a grinding head mechanism, the base is provided with a Y-axis drive mechanism, the Y-axis drive mechanism is provided with an X-axis drive mechanism, the X-axis drive mechanism is provided with an AC-axis turntable, the AC-axis turntable includes a four-axis assembly and a five-axis assembly rotatably connected, a force control sensor is provided between the bottom of the five-axis assembly and the X-axis drive mechanism, a workpiece clamp is provided on the top of the four-axis assembly, and the force control sensor is connected to the workpiece clamp through the AC-axis turntable.

[0007] Based on the above technical solution, the four-axis assembly includes a four-axis rotating shaft, a four-axis housing, a rotary output plate, a four-axis sealing cover, a four-axis sealing ring, and a four-axis motor. The four-axis rotating shaft is located inside the four-axis housing. The rotary output plate and the four-axis sealing cover are fitted onto the end of the four-axis rotating shaft. The four-axis motor is connected to the four-axis rotating shaft via a four-axis reducer. The four-axis sealing ring is fitted onto the rotary output plate and the four-axis sealing cover, forming a labyrinthine waterproof structure between the four-axis sealing ring and the four-axis sealing cover. The four-axis rotating shaft has multiple air passages inside.

[0008] Furthermore, the axial direction of the five-axis assembly is perpendicular to the axial direction of the four-axis assembly. The five-axis assembly includes a five-axis sealing ring, a five-axis housing, and a five-axis motor. The side wall of the four-axis housing is connected to the five-axis sealing ring, and a labyrinth-type waterproof structure is formed between the five-axis sealing ring and the five-axis housing. The side wall of the four-axis housing, the five-axis sealing ring, and the five-axis motor are all provided with pipeline openings to form pipeline channels. The bottom of the five-axis housing is provided with a pipeline outlet.

[0009] Furthermore, the four-axis sealing ring is provided with a first annular protrusion, a second annular protrusion and a third annular protrusion, the four-axis sealing cover is provided with a first annular groove and a second annular groove, and the rotating output plate is provided with a third annular groove. The first annular protrusion and the second annular protrusion are respectively engaged with the first annular groove and the second annular groove, and the third annular protrusion is engaged with the third annular groove.

[0010] Based on the above technical solution, the four-axis motor is provided with a first wire connector at the bottom, and the five-axis motor is provided with a second wire connector on the side near the bottom of the five-axis housing.

[0011] Based on the above technical solution, the grinding head mechanism includes a rotary drive assembly, a grinding drive assembly, a grinding component, and a waterproof grinding head. The rotary drive assembly is located on the Z-axis drive mechanism, the grinding drive assembly is movably connected to the rotary drive assembly, the waterproof grinding head is located on the grinding drive assembly, and the grinding component is located on the waterproof grinding head.

[0012] Furthermore, the waterproof grinding head includes a central shaft, a shaft end cap, and a first end cap. The shaft end cap is sleeved around the central shaft and can rotate with the rotation of the central shaft. The first end cap is sleeved on the shaft end cap. The shaft end cap is provided with a waterproof part. The first end cap is provided with a waterproof mating part. The waterproof part and the waterproof mating part cooperate to form a labyrinth-type waterproof structure.

[0013] Furthermore, the waterproof part includes a main body and a first protrusion circumferentially disposed on the main body, and the waterproof mating part includes a first groove and a second groove, the second groove being disposed at the bottom of the first groove, the main body being embedded in the first groove, and the first protrusion being embedded in the second groove.

[0014] Furthermore, the waterproof part also includes a second protrusion, which is circumferentially disposed on the side of the first protrusion near the central axis, and the groove wall of the second groove near the central axis is embedded between the first protrusion and the second protrusion.

[0015] Based on the above technical solution, the central shaft is provided with a first step limiting part in the circumferential direction. The end of the shaft end cap close to the central shaft abuts against the first step limiting part and abuts against the side wall of the central shaft to form an interference fit, so as to fix the shaft end cap to the central shaft.

[0016] Compared with related technologies, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: This invention achieves relative motion in three degrees of freedom (X, Y, and Z) between the grinding head mechanism and the workpiece in the workpiece fixture by setting up X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis drive mechanisms. By setting up four-axis and five-axis assemblies, it achieves two degrees of freedom of motion for the workpiece rotation along the X and Z axes. During the machining of the workpiece's curved surface, a force control sensor monitors the force exerted by the grinding head mechanism on the workpiece in real time and transmits the signal to the controller. Based on the real-time detected force, the controller adjusts the position and orientation of the workpiece fixture through the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis drive mechanisms and the AC-axis turntable. This ensures that the grinding force exerted by the grinding head mechanism on the curved surface of the workpiece remains constant, thus solving the problem of over-grinding or under-grinding caused by uneven pressure in traditional methods. This improves the consistency of curved surface machining quality, avoids manual intervention, and enhances machining quality and efficiency, enabling the grinding of complex curved surfaces. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only one embodiment of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other embodiments can be derived from the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the grinding and polishing machine provided by this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the grinding and polishing machine provided by this utility model; Figure 3 This is a top view of the AC axis rotary table provided by this utility model. Figure 4 This utility model provides Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along the AA direction shown in the figure; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the four-axis assembly and the five-axis assembly provided by this utility model; Figure 6 This utility model provides Figure 5 An enlarged structural diagram of part A shown in the figure; Figure 7 This utility model provides Figure 5 An enlarged structural diagram of part B shown in the figure; Figure 8 This is a structural schematic diagram showing the location of the drain bolts on the four-axis housing provided by the present invention; Figure 9 This is a structural schematic diagram of the location of the drain bolts in the five-axis housing provided by the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the waterproof grinding head provided by this utility model; Figure 11 This utility model provides Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along the CC direction shown in the figure; Figure 12 This utility model provides Figure 9 An enlarged structural diagram of section C shown in the figure; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the grinding head mechanism provided by this utility model; Figure 14 This is a structural schematic diagram of the grinding head mechanism provided by this utility model from another perspective; Figure 15 This utility model provides Figure 12 The diagram shows a cross-sectional structure along the DD direction.

[0019] In the diagram: 01. Housing; 02. Base; 03. Frame; 04. Z-axis drive mechanism; 05. X-axis drive mechanism; 06. Y-axis drive mechanism; 07. Controller; 1. Four-axis assembly; 11. Four-axis rotating shaft; 111. Slip ring shaft; 112. Slip ring seat; 114. First air passage; 115. Second air passage; 116. Third air passage; 117. Annular groove; 118. First seal; 12. Four-axis housing; 13. Rotary output plate; 131. Third annular groove; 14. Four-axis sealing cover; 141. First annular groove; 142. Second annular groove; 15. Four-axis sealing ring; 151 152. First annular protrusion; 153. Second annular protrusion; 154. Third annular protrusion; 16. Four-axis motor; 161. First wire connector; 17. Mounting plate; 18. Four-axis connecting plate; 181. Frame oil seal; 19. Four-axis reducer; 2. Five-axis assembly; 21. Five-axis sealing ring; 211. Fourth annular protrusion; 212. Fifth annular protrusion; 22. Five-axis housing; 221. Pipeline outlet; 222. Fourth annular groove; 223. Fifth annular groove; 23. Five-axis motor; 231. Pipeline opening; 232. Pipeline channel; 233. Second wire connector; 24. Five-axis connecting plate; 25. 5-axis reducer; 26. Second seal; 27. Drain bolt; 3. Force control sensor; 31. First through hole; 32. Connecting plate; 321. Second through hole; 33. Base; 331. Pipe and cable routing channel; 34. Guide pipe; 4. Workpiece fixture; 5. Rotary drive assembly; 51. Second drive unit; 52. Transmission unit; 53. Reducer; 6. Grinding drive assembly; 61. First drive unit; 611. Connecting unit; 62. Fixing component; 7. Grinding component; 8. Waterproof grinding head; 81. Central shaft; 811. First step limiting part; 812. Second step limiting part; 82. Shaft end cover; 821. Anti-fouling... Water section; 8211, main body; 8212, first protrusion; 8213, second protrusion; 83, first end cap; 831, waterproof mating part; 8311, first groove; 8312, second groove; 8313, first annular gap; 8314, third protrusion; 841, first oil seal; 842, first angular contact bearing; 843, second angular contact bearing; 8431, outer spacer; 8432, inner spacer; 844, bearing seat; 845, second oil seal; 846, second end cap; 847, fastener; 85, first grinding head; 86, second grinding head; 87, connecting mating part; 9, grinding fluid tank. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples: The embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this utility model, and should not be construed as limiting this utility model.

[0021] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0022] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0023] Combination Figure 1-4 As shown, this embodiment of the present disclosure provides a grinding and polishing machine, including a housing 01, a base 02 disposed within the housing 01, and a frame 03 disposed on the base 02. The frame 03 is provided with a Z-axis drive mechanism 04, and the Z-axis drive mechanism 04 is provided with a grinding head mechanism. The base 02 is provided with a Y-axis drive mechanism 05, and the Y-axis drive mechanism 05 is provided with an X-axis drive mechanism 05. The X-axis drive mechanism 05 is provided with an AC-axis turntable. The AC-axis turntable includes a four-axis assembly 1 and a five-axis assembly 2 rotatably connected. A force control sensor 3 is provided between the bottom of the five-axis assembly 2 and the X-axis drive mechanism 05. The top of the four-axis assembly 1 is provided with a workpiece clamp 4 for clamping workpieces. The force control sensor 3 is connected to the workpiece clamp 4 through the AC-axis turntable.

[0024] The grinding and polishing machine provided in this embodiment achieves relative motion of the grinding head mechanism and the workpiece in the workpiece fixture 4 in three degrees of freedom (X, Y, and Z) by setting up an X-axis drive mechanism 05, a Y-axis drive mechanism 06, and a Z-axis drive mechanism 04. It also achieves two degrees of freedom of motion of the workpiece in rotation along the X and Z axes by setting up a four-axis assembly 1 and a five-axis assembly 2. During the surface machining of the workpiece, a force control sensor 3 monitors the force exerted by the grinding head mechanism on the workpiece in real time and transmits the signal to a controller 07. The controller 07 adjusts the position and orientation of the workpiece fixture 4 according to the real-time detected force through the X-axis drive mechanism 05, the Y-axis drive mechanism 06, the Z-axis drive mechanism 04, and the AC-axis turntable. This ensures that the grinding force exerted by the grinding head mechanism on the surface of the workpiece remains constant, thus solving the problem of over-grinding or under-grinding caused by uneven pressure in traditional methods. This improves the consistency of surface machining quality, avoids manual intervention, and improves machining quality and efficiency, enabling the grinding of complex surfaces.

[0025] Specifically, the Y-axis drive mechanism 06 includes a Y-axis moving platform, with a Y-axis slider and a Y-axis lead screw sleeve at the bottom of the Y-axis moving platform, which are respectively mounted on the Y-axis slide rail and the Y-axis transmission lead screw. The Y-axis transmission lead screw is connected to a Y-axis motor, and the Y-axis motor is connected to the controller 07. The X-axis drive mechanism 05 is located on the Y-axis moving platform, and includes an X-axis moving platform, with an X-axis slider and an X-axis lead screw sleeve at the bottom of the X-axis moving platform, which are respectively mounted on the X-axis slide rail and the X-axis transmission lead screw. The X-axis transmission lead screw is connected to an X-axis motor, and the X-axis motor is connected to the controller 07. The Z-axis drive mechanism 04 includes a Z-axis moving platform, with a Z-axis slider and a Z-axis lead screw sleeve at the bottom of the Z-axis moving platform, which are respectively mounted on the Z-axis slide rail and the Z-axis transmission lead screw. The Z-axis transmission lead screw is connected to a Z-axis motor, and the Z-axis motor is connected to the controller 07. The grinding head mechanism is located on the Z-axis moving platform.

[0026] Furthermore, such as Figure 4As shown, the air pipes and wires of the four-axis assembly 1 and the five-axis assembly 2 are led out from the bottom of the five-axis assembly 2 to the force control sensor 3, and then out along the first through hole 31 of the force control sensor 3. A connecting plate 32 is connected to the bottom of the five-axis assembly 2. The connecting plate 32 has a second through hole 321 corresponding to the first through hole 31. The top of the force control sensor 3 is connected to the connecting plate 32, and the bottom of the force control sensor 3 is connected to a base 33. The base 33 has a pipe and wire routing channel 331 corresponding to the first through hole 31. A guide pipe 34 is provided on one side of the base 33. The pipes led out from the five-axis assembly 2 pass through the second through hole 321, the first through hole 31, and the pipe and wire routing channel 331 in sequence into the guide pipe 34, and are exited from the end of the guide pipe 34. In this way, the pipes can be prevented from moving during the rotation of the AC axis turntable, so as to avoid affecting the normal operation of the force control sensor 3, improve the detection accuracy of the force control sensor 3, and thus improve the machining accuracy.

[0027] Based on the above technical solutions, such as Figure 5 As shown, the four-axis assembly 1 includes a four-axis rotating shaft 11, a four-axis housing 12, a rotary output plate 13, a four-axis sealing cover 14, a four-axis sealing ring 15, and a four-axis motor 16. The four-axis rotating shaft 11 is located inside the four-axis housing 12. The rotary output plate 13 and the four-axis sealing cover 14 are sleeved on the end of the four-axis rotating shaft 11 and arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the four-axis rotating shaft 11. The four-axis motor 16 is connected to the four-axis rotating shaft 11 through a four-axis reducer 19. The four-axis sealing ring 15 is sleeved on the rotary output plate 13 and the four-axis sealing cover 14, forming a labyrinth-type waterproof structure between the four-axis sealing ring 15 and the four-axis sealing cover 14. The four-axis rotating shaft 11 is provided with multiple air passages.

[0028] like Figure 5 As shown, the axial direction of the five-axis assembly 2 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the four-axis assembly 1. The five-axis assembly 2 includes a five-axis sealing ring 21, a five-axis housing 22, and a five-axis motor 23. The side wall of the four-axis housing 12 is connected to the five-axis sealing ring 21, and a labyrinth-type waterproof structure is formed between the five-axis sealing ring 21 and the five-axis housing 22. The five-axis motor 23 is located inside the five-axis housing 22. The side wall of the four-axis housing 12, the five-axis sealing ring 21, and the five-axis motor 23 are all provided with pipeline openings 231 to form pipeline channels 232. The bottom of the five-axis housing 22 is provided with a pipeline outlet 221.

[0029] By setting an air passage inside the four-axis rotary shaft 11, when the rotary output plate 13 and the working position at the top of the four-axis rotary shaft 11 are being processed, the four-axis motor 16 drives the rotary output plate 13 to rotate. The power airflow inside the four-axis housing 12 flows along the air passage to drive the working position for processing, avoiding the entanglement that occurs when rotating the air pipe in the traditional way. A pipeline channel 232 is set through the side wall of the four-axis housing 12 and inside the five-axis housing 22, and a pipeline outlet 221 is set at the bottom of the five-axis housing 22. When the airflow passes out along the air passage inside the four-axis housing 12, it enters the air pipe. The air pipe enters the pipeline channel 232 inside the five-axis housing 22 and is connected to the force control sensor at the bottom of the AC axis rotary table from the pipeline outlet 221. When the four-axis assembly 1 and the five-axis assembly 2 rotate and work together to process, the disorderly movement or entanglement of the internal air pipe is avoided, ensuring the monitoring accuracy of the force control sensor at the bottom of the AC axis rotary table and improving the subsequent processing accuracy to a certain extent.

[0030] In addition, a labyrinthine waterproof structure is formed between the four-axis sealing ring 15 and the four-axis sealing cover 14, and between the five-axis sealing ring 21 and the five-axis housing 22. This structure can effectively prevent coolant or dust from entering the interior, ensuring the long-term reliable operation of moving parts and improving the overall waterproof effect of the AC axis turntable.

[0031] Based on the above technical solutions, such as Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the four-axis sealing ring 15 is provided with a first annular protrusion 151, a second annular protrusion 152 and a third annular protrusion 153, the four-axis sealing cover 14 is provided with a first annular groove 141 and a second annular groove 142, and the rotating output plate 13 is provided with a third annular groove 131. The first annular protrusion 151 and the second annular protrusion 152 are respectively engaged with the first annular groove 141 and the second annular groove 142, and the third annular protrusion 153 is engaged with the third annular groove 131.

[0032] In this way, the combination of multiple protrusions and grooves forms a labyrinthine waterproof structure, which greatly extends the penetration path of external water and changes the path direction multiple times, thus multiplying the fluid resistance and improving the waterproof effect.

[0033] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the quadcopter assembly 1 also includes a mounting plate 17, the top of which is sealed to the quadcopter sealing ring 15 and the quadcopter sealing cover 14, and the bottom of which is sealed to the quadcopter housing 12.

[0034] Specifically, such as Figure 6As shown, the mounting plate 17 has a groove on its top, and the quadcopter sealing cover 14 has a protrusion. The protrusion is engaged in the groove, and the side wall of the protrusion has a mounting groove. An O-ring is installed in the mounting groove, thus the O-ring seals the mounting plate 17 and the quadcopter sealing cover 14. The side wall of the mounting plate 17 near the quadcopter housing 12 also has a mounting groove, and an O-ring is installed in the mounting groove, which seals the mounting plate 17 and the quadcopter housing 12.

[0035] The rotating output plate 13 is also provided with a mounting groove on the side wall near the four-axis rotating shaft 11. An O-ring is provided in the mounting groove to seal the area between the rotating output plate 13 and the four-axis rotating shaft 11.

[0036] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 As shown, the four-axis assembly 1 also includes a four-axis connecting plate 18, which is disposed inside the four-axis sealing cover 14. The rotary output plate 13, the four-axis connecting plate 18, the four-axis reducer 19 and the four-axis motor 16 are arranged sequentially along the axial direction. A skeleton oil seal 181 is provided between the rotary output plate 13, the four-axis sealing cover 14 and the four-axis connecting plate 18.

[0037] Specifically, the four-axis motor 16 can be a servo motor or a stepper motor, and the reducer can be a harmonic reducer, a planetary reducer, or an RV reducer. Preferably, the four-axis motor 16 is a servo motor, and the reducer is a harmonic reducer. The skeleton oil seal 181 can provide a sealing function between the rotary output plate 13, the four-axis sealing cover 14, and the four-axis connecting plate 18.

[0038] Based on the above technical solutions, such as Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, the four-axis rotating shaft 11 includes a slip ring shaft 111 and a slip ring seat 112. The slip ring seat 112 extends into the slip ring shaft 111. The air passage includes a first air passage 114 provided on the slip ring shaft 111, a second air passage 115 provided on the slip ring seat 112, and a third air passage 116. One end of the first air passage 114 extends to the top of the slip ring shaft 111, and the other end of the first air passage 114 is connected to one end of the second air passage 115. The slip ring seat is provided with an annular groove 117 at the connection between the second air passage 115 and the first air passage 114. First sealing elements 118 are provided on both sides of the annular groove 117. The third air passage 116 is located at the bottom of the slip ring seat 112. The third air passage 116 is connected to the other end of the second air passage 115 and extends radially along the slip ring seat 112.

[0039] Specifically, during the machining process, the working position is fixed to the top of the rotary output plate 13 and the four-axis rotating shaft 11. The power air source for the working position enters the second air passage 115 from the top of the four-axis rotating shaft 11 through the first air passage 114. During the rotation of the rotary output plate and the four-axis rotating shaft, the first air passage 114 remains connected to the second air passage 115 through the annular groove 117. Then, the air exits the four-axis rotating shaft 11 through the third air passage 116 and connects to an air pipe. The air pipe enters the five-axis housing 22 through the pipeline channel 232 of the five-axis assembly 2 and exits to the outside of the five-axis housing 22 through the pipeline outlet 221 at the bottom. In this way, the airflow flows through the four-axis assembly through the fixed air passage, and the air pipe is arranged in the five-axis assembly through the fixed pipeline channel 232. Thus, during the machining process at the working position, the rotation of the four-axis assembly 1 and the five-axis assembly 2 avoids causing the air pipe to move significantly, thus avoiding affecting the machining accuracy.

[0040] In this embodiment, the first air passage 114 and the second air passage 115 are supplied with high-pressure airflow, while the third air passage 116 is supplied with negative-pressure airflow. The first air passage 114 and the second air passage 115 can independently provide power for the extension and retraction of the workpiece clamp at the working position, while the third air passage 116 is used for centralized exhaust and desiccation, facilitating product clamping using vacuum suction. This air passage separation scheme optimizes system performance and is compatible with two mainstream automatic clamping methods: cylinder clamping / pressing and vacuum suction, paving the way for automated grinding.

[0041] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 As shown, the four-axis motor 16 has a first wire connector 161 at its bottom. The wire exits from the first wire connector 161, enters the five-axis housing 22 through the pipeline channel 232 of the five-axis assembly 2, and exits from the pipeline outlet 221 at the bottom of the five-axis housing 22. This prevents the internal wires from moving or becoming tangled during machining operations when the four-axis assembly 1 and the five-axis assembly 2 are rotating and working together, ensuring the monitoring accuracy of the force control sensor at the bottom of the AC axis turntable.

[0042] Based on the above technical solutions, such as Figure 6 As shown, the five-axis sealing ring 21 is provided with a fourth annular protrusion 211 and a fifth annular protrusion 212, and the five-axis housing 22 is provided with a fourth annular groove 222 and a fifth annular groove 223. The fourth annular protrusion 211 and the fifth annular protrusion 212 are respectively engaged with the fourth annular groove 222 and the fifth annular groove 223.

[0043] In this way, the combination of multiple protrusions and grooves forms a labyrinthine waterproof structure, which greatly extends the penetration path of external water and changes the path direction multiple times, thus multiplying the fluid resistance and improving the waterproof effect.

[0044] Furthermore, such as Figure 5As shown, the five-axis assembly 2 also includes a five-axis connecting plate 24 and a five-axis reducer 25. The five-axis sealing ring 21, the five-axis connecting plate 24, the five-axis reducer 25 and the five-axis motor 23 are arranged sequentially along the axial direction. The five-axis sealing ring 21 is provided with a second sealing element 26 between itself and the side wall of the four-axis housing 12 and the five-axis connecting plate 24.

[0045] Specifically, the five-axis motor 23 can be a servo motor or a stepper motor, and the reducer can be a harmonic reducer, a planetary reducer, or an RV reducer. Preferably, the five-axis motor 23 is a servo motor, and the reducer is a harmonic reducer. The second seal 26 can be an O-ring, which can seal the space between the five-axis sealing ring 21 and the side wall of the four-axis housing 12, and between the five-axis sealing ring 21 and the five-axis connecting plate 24.

[0046] To improve the wiring arrangement of the five-axis motor 23, a second wire connector 233 is provided on the side of the five-axis motor 23 near the bottom of the five-axis housing 22. After the wire is connected out from the second wire connector 233, it is connected to the outside through the pipeline outlet 221 at the bottom of the five-axis housing 22.

[0047] Optionally, such as Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, both the bottom wall of the four-axis housing 12 and the side wall of the five-axis housing 22 are provided with drainage bolts 27. When a small amount of water enters the four-axis assembly 1 or the five-axis assembly 2, the drainage bolts 27 can be unscrewed to drain the water through the threaded holes corresponding to the drainage bolts 27 to the outside of the four-axis assembly 1 or the five-axis assembly 2.

[0048] During the grinding and polishing process, the workpiece needs to be sprayed with grinding fluid. A grinding fluid tank 9 is provided on the rear side of the base to provide grinding fluid. A return channel is provided at the bottom of the housing 01. The end of the return channel has an opening facing the grinding fluid tank. The grinding fluid wastewater generated during grinding and polishing can flow back to the grinding fluid tank 9 along the return channel for collection, so as to avoid contaminating the equipment or affecting the normal operation of the equipment.

[0049] Based on the above technical solutions, such as Figure 2 As shown, the grinding head mechanism includes a rotary drive assembly 5, a grinding drive assembly 6, a grinding component 7, and a waterproof grinding head 8. The rotary drive assembly 5 is located on the Z-axis drive mechanism 04. The grinding drive assembly 6 is movably connected to the rotary drive assembly 5. The waterproof grinding head 8 is located on the grinding drive assembly 6, and the grinding component 7 is located on the waterproof grinding head 8.

[0050] By setting the rotary drive component 5, the grinding drive component 6 can be driven to rotate. During the rotation of the grinding drive component 6, the waterproof grinding head 8 can be moved quickly. The grinding direction of the workpiece can be adjusted according to the grinding part 7 on the waterproof grinding head 8, thereby improving the grinding efficiency.

[0051] Furthermore, such as Figure 10-12 As shown, the waterproof grinding head 8 includes a central shaft 81, a shaft end cap 82, and a first end cap 83. The shaft end cap 82 is sleeved around the central shaft 81 and can rotate with the rotation of the central shaft 81. The first end cap 83 is sleeved on the shaft end cap 82. The shaft end cap 82 is provided with a waterproof part 821, and the first end cap 83 is provided with a waterproof mating part 831. The waterproof part 821 and the waterproof mating part 831 cooperate to form a labyrinth-type waterproof structure.

[0052] By setting the waterproof part 821 of the shaft end cap 82 to cooperate with the waterproof mating part 831 of the first end cap 83, a labyrinthine waterproof structure is formed. The waterproof part 821 of the shaft end cap 82 and the waterproof mating part 831 of the first end cap 83 form a multi-level tortuous channel, so that liquids such as water must go through a tortuous and complex path to penetrate into the interior. This can significantly extend the penetration path. At the same time, when the shaft end cap 82 rotates with the central shaft 81, if water droplets are attached to the shaft end cap 82, the high-speed rotation of the shaft end cap 82 will cause the attached water droplets to generate a relatively large centrifugal force, which will throw the water droplets outward and prevent water from approaching the central shaft 81. In this way, by using the combined action of rotational centrifugal force and tortuous path, external liquids can be effectively blocked from entering the interior of the grinding head, achieving an excellent dynamic sealing effect. Compared with the existing technology, there is no need to set an air sealing device inside the grinding head, simplifying the structure and reducing the processing difficulty and manufacturing cost to a certain extent.

[0053] like Figure 12 As shown, based on the above technical solution, the waterproof part 821 includes a main body 8211 and a first protrusion 8212 circumferentially disposed on the main body 8211. The waterproof mating part 831 includes a first groove 8311 and a second groove 8312. The second groove 8312 is disposed at the bottom of the first groove 8311. The main body 8211 is embedded in the first groove 8311, and the first protrusion 8212 is embedded in the second groove 8312.

[0054] Specifically, the main body 8211 is embedded in the first groove 8311 to form a primary barrier, and the first protrusion 8212 is further embedded in the second groove 8312 to form a secondary barrier, thus constituting a two-stage progressive barrier. Liquids such as water or dust must successively break through the primary and secondary barriers. In this way, the penetration path is significantly extended and the path direction changes multiple times, doubling the fluid resistance and improving the waterproof effect. Moreover, when the grinding head rotates at high speed, the cooperation between the first protrusion 8212 and the second groove 8312 can use centrifugal force to throw the infiltrated water outward, and the turbulence effect in the gap further hinders penetration, achieving a combination of static and dynamic protection.

[0055] like Figure 12As shown, the first protrusion 8212 further includes a first segment and a second segment. The first segment is connected to the body 8211 and extends along the axial direction of the central axis 81. The second segment is connected to the first segment and extends radially away from the central axis 81.

[0056] Optionally, the extension direction of the first segment may be at a certain angle to the axial direction of the central axis 81, and the extension direction of the second segment may be at a certain angle to the radial direction of the central axis 81. Preferably, the first segment extends along the axial direction of the central axis 81 towards the central axis 81, that is, the distance between the end of the first segment connected to the main body 8211 and the central axis 81 is greater than the distance between the other end of the first segment and the central axis 81. The second segment extends along the radial direction of the central axis 81 away from the main body 8211, that is, the distance between the end of the second segment connected to the first segment and the main body 8211 is less than the distance between the other end of the second segment and the main body 8211. In this way, when water enters the gap between the first protrusion 8212 and the second groove 8312, it will be further restricted by the path direction, increasing the difficulty of water entry and further improving the waterproof effect.

[0057] Preferably, such as Figure 12 As shown, the waterproof part 821 also includes a second protrusion 8213, which is circumferentially disposed on the side of the first protrusion 8212 near the central axis 81, and the groove wall of the second groove 8312 near the central axis 81 is embedded between the first protrusion 8212 and the second protrusion 8213.

[0058] With the cooperation of the main body 8211, the first groove 8311, the first protrusion 8212, and the second groove 8312, water needs to go through five turns to reach the central shaft 81. Furthermore, by adding a second protrusion 8213, the second groove 8312 is embedded between the first protrusion 8212 and the second protrusion 8213 near the central shaft 81, further increasing the complexity of the path. This means water needs to go through at least seven turns to reach the central shaft 81. However, under the centrifugal force during rotation, water is unlikely to reach seven turns, greatly improving the waterproofing effect. Moreover, when the grinding head rotates at high speed, the internal temperature rises, and some of the lubricating grease evaporates, causing the internal air pressure of the grinding head to increase, which also helps to prevent water from entering the grinding head to a certain extent.

[0059] like Figure 12As shown, further, the first protrusion 8212 and the sidewall of the second groove 8312 together form a first annular gap 8313. Specifically, the first and second segments of the first protrusion 8212, the main body 8211, and the sidewall of the second groove 8312 together form the first annular gap 8313. The first annular gap 8313 can intercept water when it enters through the gap between the main body 8211 and the first groove 8311, providing a certain buffer space for the water, and then expelling the water under the action of centrifugal force or the action of higher internal air pressure.

[0060] Based on the above technical solutions, combined with Figure 12 As shown, the central shaft 81 is provided with a first step limiting part 811 in the circumferential direction. The end of the shaft end cap 82 near the central shaft 81 abuts against the first step limiting part 811 and abuts against the side wall of the central shaft 81 to form an interference fit, so as to fix the shaft end cap 82 to the central shaft 81.

[0061] Specifically, the first step limiting part 811 is provided with a first limiting surface, which extends radially along the central axis 81. The first limiting surface abuts against the side wall of the shaft end cover 82, restricting the movement of the shaft end cover 82 in the axial direction of the central axis 81.

[0062] The shaft end cap 82 is fixed to the central shaft 81 by an interference fit. This avoids the need for an additional fixing component 62, preventing it from affecting the operation of the grinding head. For example, with bolt fixing, the bolts may loosen during prolonged operation in the opposite direction of the thread tightening direction of the grinding head. Furthermore, the split structure between the shaft end cap 82 and the central shaft 81 facilitates the machining of the central shaft 81 and reduces machining costs. The outer cylindrical surface and shaft end face of the central shaft 81 are machined in a single setup on an external cylindrical grinding machine, improving machining accuracy and ensuring the end face runout and radial runout of the central shaft 81. Preferably, the end face runout is less than 0.008 mm, and the radial runout is less than 0.01 mm.

[0063] like Figure 12 As shown, the waterproof grinding head 8 further includes a first oil seal 841, which is circumferentially sleeved on the central shaft 81. The first end cap 83 extends a third protrusion 8314 along the direction close to the central shaft 81. The first oil seal 841 is located between the shaft end cap 82 and the third protrusion 8314. The first oil seal 841 adds another barrier to the labyrinthine waterproof structure. Even if a small amount of moisture enters, the first oil seal 841 can prevent moisture from contacting the central shaft 81 over a large area and prevent moisture from further penetrating components such as bearings.

[0064] Preferably, such as Figure 11As shown, the waterproof grinding head 8 also includes a first angular contact bearing 842 and a second angular contact bearing 843, which are arranged back-to-back. The first angular contact bearing 842 is pressed against the first end cap 83.

[0065] The first angular contact bearing 842 and the second angular contact bearing 843 are arranged back to back to ensure high precision. The structure can withstand external forces in both the axial and radial directions of the central shaft 81. This provides stability to the operation of the grinding head when it processes the workpiece in different directions. Moreover, it can self-compensate in the event of wear, further improving stability.

[0066] Specifically, such as Figure 12 As shown, a second step limiting part 812 is provided circumferentially on the central shaft 81. The first angular contact bearing 842 abuts against the second step limiting part 812. The setting of the second step limiting part 812 limits the first angular contact bearing 842 in the axial direction of the central shaft 81.

[0067] An outer spacer 8431 and an inner spacer 8432 are provided between the first angular contact bearing 842 and the second angular contact bearing 843. The diameter of the outer spacer 8431 is larger than the diameter of the inner spacer 8432. The inner spacer 8432 is located on the side of the first angular contact bearing 842 and the second angular contact bearing 843 closer to the central shaft 81, while the outer spacer 8431 is located on the side of the first angular contact bearing 842 and the second angular contact bearing 843 farther away from the central shaft 81.

[0068] Furthermore, such as Figure 11 As shown, the waterproof grinding head 8 also includes a bearing seat 844, which is sleeved on the first angular contact bearing 842 and the second angular contact bearing 843. The bearing seat 844 is provided with a limiting hole, and the first end cover 83 is provided with a through hole. A fixing bolt passes through the limiting hole and the through hole to fix the first end cover 83 and the bearing seat 844.

[0069] like Figure 11 As shown, the waterproof grinding head 8 also includes a second oil seal 845, a second end cap 846, and a fastener 847. The second oil seal 845 is sleeved on the central shaft 81, the fastener 847 is sleeved on the second oil seal 845, and the second end cap 846 is sleeved on the fastener 847. The second oil seal 845 and the fastener 847 are pressed onto the second angular contact bearing 843. The second end cap 846 is pressed onto both the second angular contact bearing 843 and the bearing seat 844, cooperating with the first end cap 83 to jointly fix the bearing seat 844, the first angular contact bearing 842, the second angular contact bearing 843, and the central shaft 81. Specifically, the second end cap 846 has a through hole, and the bearing seat 844 has a limiting hole. The fixing bolt passes through the through hole and the limiting hole to fix the second end cap 846 and the bearing seat 844.

[0070] Preferably, such as Figure 13 As shown, there are multiple waterproof grinding heads 8, including a first grinding head 85 and a second grinding head 86, which are respectively disposed at both ends of the grinding drive assembly 6.

[0071] During operation, when the rotary drive assembly 5 drives the grinding drive assembly 6 to rotate, the first grinding head 85 and the second grinding head 86 at both ends of the grinding drive assembly 6 can move or switch positions. Rapid movement or switching during processing can greatly improve processing efficiency. The first grinding head 85 and the second grinding head 86 are respectively equipped with a first grinding element 7 and a second grinding element 7. The first grinding element 7 and the second grinding element 7 can be cylindrical or annular consumables. The cylindrical consumable processes the workpiece through its outer cylindrical surface, while the annular consumable processes the workpiece through its end face, enabling grinding or polishing of the workpiece in different directions and with different roughnesses.

[0072] Specifically, when the grinding part 7 is connected to the waterproof grinding head 8, the cylindrical consumable is provided with a circular groove. The end of the central shaft 81 of the waterproof grinding head 8 is inserted into the circular groove. The circular groove is concentric with respect to the central shaft 81, ensuring that the cylindrical consumable rotates concentrically with the central shaft 81, thereby improving the machining accuracy. On this basis, it is fixedly connected by bolts. The annular consumable is connected to the end of the central shaft 81 through a connecting plate. The annular consumable is attached to the connecting plate, which is provided with fixing holes. Bolts are inserted through the connecting plate and the central shaft 81 for fixed connection, ensuring a low end face runout when the annular consumable processes the workpiece, thereby improving the machining accuracy.

[0073] Furthermore, such as Figure 13 and Figure 15 As shown, the grinding drive assembly 6 includes a first drive part 61, with connecting parts 611 at both ends of the first drive part 61. The first grinding head 85 and the second grinding head 86 are both provided with connecting mating parts 87. The connecting parts 611 and the connecting mating parts 87 cooperate to connect the first grinding head 85 and the first drive part 61, and the second grinding head 86 and the first drive part 61, respectively.

[0074] Specifically, the first drive unit 61 can be a dual-shaft motor or a dual-output-shaft motor. One end of the motor is connected to the first grinding head 85, and the other end is connected to the second grinding head 86. The connection part 611 and the connection mating part 87 are keyed, which can be in the form of a flexible coupling, such as a combination of a lamellar coupling and a lamellar key, or it can be in the form of a rigid coupling. The connection part 611 and the connection mating part 87 are tightly connected to achieve stable rotation of the first grinding head 85 and / or the second grinding head 86 driven by the first drive unit 61. To further secure the first drive unit 61 and the waterproof grinding head 8, the grinding drive assembly 6 also includes a fixing member 62. One end of the fixing member 62 is connected to the bearing seat 844 of the waterproof grinding head 8, and the other end is connected to the first drive unit 61.

[0075] like Figure 13 As shown, the rotary drive assembly 5 further includes a second drive unit 51, a transmission unit 52, and a reducer 53. The second drive unit 51 can drive the transmission unit 52 to rotate. The transmission unit 52 is connected to the reducer 53. The grinding drive assembly 6 is connected to the reducer 53.

[0076] Specifically, the second drive unit 51 drives the transmission unit 52 to rotate, the transmission unit 52 drives the reducer 53 to rotate, the reducer 53 is provided with a mounting base plate, the grinding drive assembly 6 is mounted on the mounting base plate, and the reducer 53 drives the grinding drive assembly 6 mounted on the mounting base plate to rotate, thereby realizing the switching between the first grinding head 85 and the second grinding head 86.

[0077] Specifically, the second drive unit 51 can be a servo motor or a stepper motor, the transmission unit 52 can be a combination of a drive wheel, a belt and a driven wheel, or a combination of gears and chains, and the reducer 53 can be a harmonic reducer 53, a planetary reducer 53 or an RV reducer 53.

[0078] The setting of the reducer 53 will significantly reduce the high-speed input speed of the drive wheel and the output speed to the grinding drive assembly 6. While reducing the speed, the reducer 53 will amplify the input torque through its internal gear meshing structure, providing greater driving force to the grinding drive assembly 6. Moreover, by reducing speed and increasing torque, the reducer 53 reduces the load on the second drive unit 51 and extends its service life.

[0079] The present invention has been described above by way of example, but the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. Any modifications or variations made based on the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A grinding and polishing machine, characterized in that, The device includes a housing, a base disposed within the housing, and a frame disposed on the base. The frame is provided with a Z-axis drive mechanism, and the Z-axis drive mechanism is provided with a grinding head mechanism. The base is provided with a Y-axis drive mechanism, and the Y-axis drive mechanism is provided with an X-axis drive mechanism. The X-axis drive mechanism is provided with an AC-axis rotary table. The AC-axis rotary table includes a four-axis assembly and a five-axis assembly rotatably connected. A force control sensor is provided between the bottom of the five-axis assembly and the X-axis drive mechanism. A workpiece fixture is provided on the top of the four-axis assembly. The force control sensor is connected to the workpiece fixture through the AC-axis rotary table.

2. The polishing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The four-axis assembly includes a four-axis rotating shaft, a four-axis housing, a rotary output plate, a four-axis sealing cover, a four-axis sealing ring, and a four-axis motor. The four-axis rotating shaft is located inside the four-axis housing. The rotary output plate and the four-axis sealing cover are fitted onto the ends of the four-axis rotating shaft. The four-axis motor is connected to the four-axis rotating shaft via a four-axis reducer. The four-axis sealing ring is fitted onto the rotary output plate and the four-axis sealing cover, forming a labyrinthine waterproof structure between the four-axis sealing ring and the four-axis sealing cover. The four-axis rotating shaft has multiple air passages inside.

3. The polishing machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The axial direction of the five-axis assembly is perpendicular to the axial direction of the four-axis assembly. The five-axis assembly includes a five-axis sealing ring, a five-axis housing, and a five-axis motor. The side wall of the four-axis housing is connected to the five-axis sealing ring, and a labyrinth-type waterproof structure is formed between the five-axis sealing ring and the five-axis housing. The side wall of the four-axis housing, the five-axis sealing ring, and the five-axis motor are all provided with pipeline openings to form pipeline channels. The bottom of the five-axis housing is provided with a pipeline outlet.

4. The polishing machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The four-axis sealing ring is provided with a first annular protrusion, a second annular protrusion and a third annular protrusion, the four-axis sealing cover is provided with a first annular groove and a second annular groove, and the rotating output plate is provided with a third annular groove. The first annular protrusion and the second annular protrusion are respectively engaged with the first annular groove and the second annular groove, and the third annular protrusion is engaged with the third annular groove.

5. The polishing machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The four-axis motor has a first wire connector at its bottom, and the five-axis motor has a second wire connector on the side near the bottom of the five-axis housing.

6. The grinding and polishing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The grinding head mechanism includes a rotary drive assembly, a grinding drive assembly, a grinding component, and a waterproof grinding head. The rotary drive assembly is located on the Z-axis drive mechanism, the grinding drive assembly is movably connected to the rotary drive assembly, the waterproof grinding head is located on the grinding drive assembly, and the grinding component is located on the waterproof grinding head.

7. The polishing machine according to claim 6, characterized in that, The waterproof grinding head includes a central shaft, a shaft end cap, and a first end cap. The shaft end cap is sleeved around the central shaft and can rotate with the rotation of the central shaft. The first end cap is sleeved on the shaft end cap. The shaft end cap has a waterproof part, and the first end cap has a waterproof mating part. The waterproof part and the waterproof mating part cooperate to form a labyrinth waterproof structure.

8. The polishing machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, The waterproof part includes a main body and a first protrusion circumferentially disposed on the main body. The waterproof mating part includes a first groove and a second groove. The second groove is disposed at the bottom of the first groove. The main body is embedded in the first groove, and the first protrusion is embedded in the second groove.

9. The polishing machine according to claim 8, characterized in that, The waterproof part also includes a second protrusion, which is circumferentially disposed on the side of the first protrusion near the central axis, and the groove wall of the second groove near the central axis is embedded between the first protrusion and the second protrusion.

10. The grinding and polishing machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, The central shaft is provided with a first step limiting part in the circumferential direction. The end of the shaft end cap close to the central shaft abuts against the first step limiting part and abuts against the side wall of the central shaft to form an interference fit, so as to fix the shaft end cap to the central shaft.

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