Positioning and fixing tool for cabin machining

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of positioning and fixing tool for cabin machining. Including mounting seat structure, positioning column table is fixedly connected on it, inner clamping device is arranged at the center of positioning column table, further including outer clamping device;Outer clamping device includes several outer clamping blocks and centering drive assembly;Outer clamping block includes clamping block body, the longitudinal section of clamping block body is inverted L type, upper V-shaped groove is set on the upper inner end face of clamping block body, lower V-shaped groove is set on lower inner end face;Inner clamping device includes inner clamping assembly and the inner drive assembly connected with inner clamping assembly;Inner clamping assembly includes screw sleeve structure, telescopic drive mechanism is installed on screw sleeve structure, further including several positioning jacking structures that are evenly distributed according to circumferential, X-type telescopic mechanism is pivotally connected between each positioning jacking structure and telescopic drive mechanism. The utility model has the advantages of improving the positioning accuracy when cabin machining, reducing thin-wall deformation and enhancing the adaptability of tool.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of machining technology, and in particular relates to a positioning and fixing fixture for cabin machining. Background Technology

[0002] As independent units with specific spatial structures, cabins are widely used in fields such as aerospace and shipbuilding. For example... Figure 7 The typical cabin structure shown consists of a central tube section 9-2 and end tube sections 9-1 at both ends, and also has circumferentially distributed central wing plates 9-3 inside.

[0003] The processing of this type of thin-walled cylindrical cabin faces many technical challenges: First, the perpendicularity of its front and rear end faces and the coaxiality of its outer circle are required to be extremely high; second, the thin-walled structure is prone to deformation when clamped in traditional machining, which seriously affects the machining accuracy; third, existing tooling is difficult to meet the dual positioning requirements of internal support and external clamping at the same time.

[0004] Existing positioning fixtures suffer from the following drawbacks: traditional external clamping fixtures use a single clamping surface, which cannot adapt to the clamping requirements of different diameter segments of the cabin; internal support fixtures mostly adopt a fixed-size design, lacking adjustability; and internal and external clamping devices are often set up independently, making it difficult to achieve coordinated operation. Especially when performing high-precision machining such as welding, existing fixtures cannot effectively control the deformation of thin-walled cabins, nor can they adapt to the machining requirements of cabins of different specifications. In addition, the clamping mechanisms in existing technologies mostly use simple mechanical structures, which cannot achieve multi-directional synchronous adjustment and lack targeted designs for irregular cabin structures. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a positioning and fixing fixture for cabin machining to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a positioning and fixing fixture for cabin machining with a reasonable structural design to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art. This invention has the advantages of improving positioning accuracy during cabin machining, reducing thin-wall deformation, and enhancing the adaptability of the fixture.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art is as follows: A positioning and fixing fixture for cabin processing includes a mounting base structure, a positioning column fixedly connected to the mounting base structure, an inner clamping device for clamping and positioning the inner wall of the cabin at the center of the positioning column, and an outer clamping device for clamping and positioning the outer wall of the cabin installed on the mounting base structure; the outer clamping device includes a plurality of outer clamping blocks evenly distributed circumferentially around the positioning column, and a centering drive assembly installed on the mounting base structure for driving the plurality of outer clamping blocks to synchronously retract inward or expand outward; the outer clamping block includes a clamping block body connected to the moving end of the centering drive assembly. The clamping block body has an inverted L-shaped longitudinal section. An upper V-shaped groove for clamping the outer wall of the intermediate cylinder is provided on the upper inner end face of the clamping block body, and a lower V-shaped groove for clamping the outer wall of the end cylinder is provided on the lower inner end face of the clamping block body. The inner clamping device includes an inner clamping assembly and an inner drive assembly connected to the inner clamping assembly. The inner clamping assembly includes a lead screw sleeve structure mounted on a positioning column and coaxially arranged therewith. A telescopic drive mechanism connected to the inner drive assembly is mounted on the lead screw sleeve structure. It also includes several positioning and tightening structures evenly distributed circumferentially around the lead screw sleeve structure. An X-shaped telescopic mechanism is pivotally connected between each positioning and tightening structure and the telescopic drive mechanism.

[0007] The advantages and positive effects of this utility model are as follows: This utility model provides a positioning and fixing fixture for cabin processing. Through the coordinated action of the inner clamping device and the outer clamping device, including the positioning and clamping of the inner wall of the cabin by the inner clamping component and the clamping of the outer wall of the cabin by the outer clamping block, combined with the synchronous adjustment of the centering drive component and the telescopic drive mechanism, the deformation problem in thin-walled cabin processing is effectively solved, the positioning accuracy and tooling adaptability are improved, and thus the advantages of improving the positioning accuracy, reducing thin-wall deformation and enhancing tooling adaptability are achieved.

[0008] Preferably, the centering drive assembly includes a plurality of link mounting seats evenly distributed circumferentially and mounted on the mounting base structure via centering guide rail pairs. Each link mounting seat is equipped with a seat plate support and a clamping block seat plate is mounted on the seat plate support. A plurality of external clamping blocks are respectively mounted on the plurality of clamping block seat plates. The assembly also includes a turntable drive mechanism mounted on the mounting base structure for driving the plurality of link mounting seats to synchronously retract inward or expand outward.

[0009] Preferably, the turntable drive mechanism includes a drive turntable rotatably connected to the mounting base structure, a plurality of arc-shaped grooves evenly distributed in the mounting circumference are provided on the drive turntable, and a transmission connecting rod is fixedly connected to each connecting rod mounting base, and a mounting roller that slides through the corresponding arc-shaped groove is rotatably connected to the inner end of each transmission connecting rod; it also includes a rotary drive component for driving the drive turntable to rotate.

[0010] Preferably, the positioning column includes a large-diameter cylindrical column and a small-diameter cylindrical column that are integrally formed and coaxially arranged, and an installation slot for installing the internal clamping component is opened at the center of the two columns; a number of positioning slots are evenly distributed along the circumference of the top outer edge of the small-diameter cylindrical column, and the number of positioning slots correspond one-to-one with a number of intermediate wing plates in the cabin.

[0011] Preferably, the lead screw sleeve structure includes a lead screw mounting sleeve connected to the mounting base structure for mounting the telescopic drive mechanism. A plurality of accommodating straight slots are evenly distributed along the circumference on the outer peripheral wall of the lead screw sleeve structure. A plurality of hinge seats are fixedly connected to the top of the lead screw mounting sleeve, each corresponding to one of the plurality of accommodating straight slots, for connecting the X-type telescopic mechanism.

[0012] Preferably, the telescopic drive mechanism includes mounting end caps installed at the upper and lower ends of the screw mounting sleeve, a drive screw rotatably connected between the two mounting end caps, a connecting rod seat mounted on the drive screw via a nut, and several X-shaped telescopic mechanisms pivotally connected to the connecting rod seat.

[0013] Preferably, the X-type telescopic mechanism includes a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod pivotally connected in the middle by a pin. The upper end of the first connecting rod is pivotally connected to the top of the lead screw sleeve structure and the lower end is movably connected to the lower part of the positioning and tightening structure. The upper end of the second connecting rod is pivotally connected to the upper part of the positioning and tightening structure and the lower end is pivotally connected to the connecting rod seat.

[0014] Preferably, the positioning and tightening structure includes a tightening member with an arc-shaped cross-section, a movable block fixedly connected to the lower part of the inner side of the tightening member, a longitudinally extending strip hole opened on the movable block, and the lower end of the first connecting rod being movably connected to the movable block through a pin that slides through the strip hole; a hinge seat is fixedly connected to the upper part of the inner side of the tightening member, and the upper end of the second connecting rod is pivotally connected to the hinge seat through a pin.

[0015] Preferably, the internal drive assembly includes a drive mounting base mounted on a mounting base structure, a longitudinal shaft connected to a drive screw rotatably connected to the drive mounting base, a bevel gear one keyed to the lower end of the longitudinal shaft, a transverse shaft rotatably connected to the drive mounting base, a bevel gear two keyed to the transverse shaft and meshing with the bevel gear one, and a drive member for driving the transverse shaft to rotate.

[0016] Preferably, the mounting base structure includes a mounting top plate and a mounting base plate arranged in a cross shape and distributed vertically, with several support rods provided between the mounting top plate and the mounting base plate to fix them together; several centering guide rail pairs are mounted on the mounting base plate, and several slots are provided on the mounting top plate for several base plate support plates to pass through; it also includes a clamping mounting platform fixed to the mounting top plate by several support rods, and several operating slots are provided on the clamping mounting platform for several clamping base plates to pass through; a positioning column is mounted on the clamping mounting platform. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention in its working state; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the lower main body of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the external clamping device in this utility model; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the inner clamping component in this utility model; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the inner clamping component in this utility model. Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the cabin in this utility model.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Centering drive assembly; 1-1. Drive turntable; 1-2. Clamping block base plate; 1-3. Base plate support plate; 1-4. Centering guide rail pair; 1-5. Transmission connecting rod; 1-6. Connecting rod mounting seat; 1-7. Mounting roller; 1-8. Arc groove; 2. Mounting base plate; 3. Mounting top plate; 4. Clamping mounting platform; 5. Operating groove; 6. Outer clamping block; 6-1. Lower V-groove; 6-2. Upper V-groove; 6-3. Clamping block body; 7. Positioning column platform; 7-1. Large diameter cylindrical platform; 7-2. Small diameter cylindrical platform; 7-3. Mounting slot; 7-4. Positioning groove; 8. Inner clamping assembly; 8-1. Lead screw sleeve structure; 8-1-1. Lead screw mounting sleeve; 8-1 -2. Accommodating straight slot hole; 8-2. Telescopic drive mechanism; 8-2-1. Drive screw; 8-2-2. Mounting end cover; 8-2-3. Screw nut; 8-2-4. Connecting rod seat; 8-3. Positioning and tightening structure; 8-3-1. Tightening component; 8-3-2. Live joint block; 8-4. X-type telescopic mechanism; 8-4-1. Connecting rod one; 8-4-2. Connecting rod two; 8-5. Sleeve mounting seat; 9. Cabin; 9-1. End cylinder; 9-2. Middle cylinder; 9-3. Middle wing plate; 10. Internal drive assembly; 10-1. Longitudinal shaft; 10-2. Transverse shaft; 10-3. Bevel gear one; 10-4. Bevel gear two; 10-5. Drive mounting seat. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To further understand the invention content, features, and effects of this utility model, the following embodiments are provided in detail: Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The positioning and fixing fixture for cabin processing of this utility model includes a mounting base structure, on which a positioning column 7 is fixedly connected. An inner clamping device for clamping and positioning the inner wall of the cabin 9 is provided at the center of the positioning column 7. It also includes an outer clamping device for clamping and positioning the outer wall of the cabin 9, which is mounted on the mounting base structure. Figure 1 As shown, the external clamping device includes a plurality of external clamping blocks 6 evenly distributed in the circumferential direction around the periphery of the positioning column 7, and also includes a centering drive assembly 1 installed on the mounting base structure, which drives the plurality of external clamping blocks 6 to synchronously retract inward or expand outward. like Figure 4 As shown, the outer clamping block 6 includes a clamping block body 6-3 connected to the moving end of the centering drive assembly 1. The longitudinal section of the clamping block body 6-3 is an inverted L-shape. This special cross-sectional shape allows the clamping block body 6-3 to simultaneously cover the upper and lower areas of the cabin 9. For example, it can simultaneously clamp the middle cylindrical part 9-2 and the end cylindrical part 9-1 of the cabin 9, thereby providing more comprehensive support and positioning. An upper V-shaped groove 6-2 for clamping the outer wall of the middle cylindrical part 9-2 is provided on the upper inner end face of the clamping block body 6-3, providing stable contact and positioning. The shape of the upper V-shaped groove 6-2 matches the outer arc surface of the middle cylindrical part 9-2 of the cabin 9. When the outer clamping block 6 is retracted, the upper V-shaped groove 6-2 can tightly fit and clamp the middle cylindrical part 9-2, achieving self-centering and stable positioning. A lower V-shaped groove 6-1 for clamping the outer wall of the end cylinder 9-1 is provided on the lower inner end face of the clamping block body 6-3. The shape of the lower V-shaped groove 6-1 matches the outer arc surface of the end cylinder 9-1 of the cabin 9. It works in conjunction with the upper V-shaped groove 6-2 to clamp the outer wall of the cabin 9 at multiple points and in multiple segments, thereby further improving the stability and accuracy of clamping.

[0020] like Figure 5 As shown, the internal clamping device includes an internal clamping assembly 8 and an internal drive assembly 10 connected to the internal clamping assembly 8. The internal clamping assembly 8 includes a lead screw sleeve structure 8-1 mounted on the positioning column 7 and arranged coaxially with it. A telescopic drive mechanism 8-2 connected to the internal drive assembly 10 is mounted on the lead screw sleeve structure 8-1. It also includes a plurality of positioning and tightening structures 8-3 evenly distributed in the circumferential direction around the lead screw sleeve structure 8-1. An X-type telescopic mechanism 8-4 is pivotally connected between each positioning and tightening structure 8-3 and the telescopic drive mechanism 8-2.

[0021] The centering drive assembly 1 includes a plurality of link mounting seats 1-6 evenly distributed circumferentially on the mounting base structure via centering guide rail pairs 1-4. The centering guide rail pairs 1-4 are mechanical components used to provide precise linear motion guidance. Their function is to ensure that the link mounting seats 1-6 can smoothly run along a preset straight path during radial movement, thereby avoiding motion deviation and maintaining the concentricity of the outer clamping block 6 during retraction or expansion. Specifically, the centering guide rail pairs 1-4 can be linear rolling guide rail pairs, consisting of guide rails and sliders, achieving low-friction, high-precision linear motion through rolling elements; alternatively, sliding guide rail pairs can be used, achieving smooth linear guidance through sliding contact between the guide rails and sliders, supplemented by appropriate lubrication. Each connecting rod mounting seat 1-6 is equipped with a seat plate support 1-3, and a clamping block seat plate 1-2 is mounted on the seat plate support 1-3. Several external clamping blocks 6 are respectively mounted on several clamping block seat plates 1-2. The structure also includes a turntable drive mechanism mounted on the mounting seat, which drives several connecting rod mounting seats 1-6 to synchronously retract inward or expand outward. The seat plate support 1-3 can be designed as a rigid connecting plate, and the clamping block seat plates 1-2 can be directly fixed to the connecting rod mounting seat 1-6 by bolts or riveting. Alternatively, in order to adapt to different processing requirements or to make fine adjustments, the seat plate support 1-3 can also be designed as an adjustable structure, allowing the clamping block seat plates 1-2 to be finely adjusted in position or angle within a certain range.

[0022] The turntable drive mechanism, as the core drive unit, achieves synchronous radial movement of all connecting rod mounting seats 1-6 through a single rotary input. This synchronous drive mechanism fundamentally solves the problem of asynchronous movement of multiple outer clamping blocks 6, thereby ensuring that the clamping force is evenly applied to the outer wall of the cabin 9 during clamping and positioning, avoiding the risk of local stress concentration and deformation of the cabin 9. Therefore, this solution significantly improves the positioning accuracy and stability of the cabin 9 during processing, which is particularly crucial for the processing of thin-walled cylindrical cabins 9, effectively guaranteeing processing quality.

[0023] like Figure 4As shown, the turntable drive mechanism includes a drive turntable 1-1 rotatably connected to the mounting base structure. Specifically, the drive turntable 1-1, as the core component of the turntable drive mechanism, is rotatably connected to the mounting base structure via bearings or bushings to ensure smooth, low-friction rotation. The drive turntable 1-1 can be a circular or polygonal disc structure, and its material can be high-strength steel or aluminum alloy to ensure sufficient rigidity and stability during operation. Several arc-shaped grooves 1-8 are evenly distributed circumferentially on the drive turntable 1-1. The number of arc-shaped grooves 1-8 corresponds to the number of outer clamping blocks 6, ensuring that each outer clamping block 6 can be driven independently and synchronously. The cross-sectional shape of the arc-shaped grooves 1-8 can be U-shaped, V-shaped, or rectangular, and their processing methods can include milling, wire cutting, or casting. The turntable drive mechanism also includes transmission links 1-5 fixedly connected to each link mounting seat 1-6. Each transmission link 1-5 has a mounting roller 1-7 rotatably connected to its inner end, slidingly passing through a corresponding arc-shaped groove 1-8. The transmission link 1-5 is typically a rigid rod, one end of which is securely fixed to the link mounting seat 1-6 by welding, bolting, or riveting. Alternatively, it can be integrally formed with the link mounting seat 1-6 to ensure reliable motion transmission. The mounting roller 1-7 is typically a cylindrical or conical roller with bearings, connected to the inner end of the transmission link 1-5 by a pin or bolt, and capable of free rotation. The mounting roller 1-7 slides through the corresponding arc-shaped groove 1-8, its diameter matching the width of the arc-shaped groove 1-8 to ensure good guidance and low friction during sliding.

[0024] To drive the turntable 1-1 to rotate, the turntable drive mechanism also includes a rotary drive component for driving the turntable 1-1 to rotate. This rotary drive component can be a motor, such as a servo motor, stepper motor, or AC motor, connected to the turntable 1-1 via a gear drive, belt drive, or chain drive mechanism to provide precise rotational power. Alternatively, a hydraulic or pneumatic rotary actuator can be used, or the rotation of the turntable 1-1 can be achieved through a manual handwheel and a reduction gear mechanism.

[0025] Through the above-described configuration, the design of the turntable drive mechanism effectively solves the problems of accuracy and reliability in the synchronous movement of the external clamping device. The drive turntable 1-1, as the core drive component, transmits power precisely to each transmission link 1-5 through circumferentially evenly distributed arc-shaped grooves 1-8. Since all arc-shaped grooves 1-8 are located on the same drive turntable 1-1 and are evenly distributed circumferentially, it ensures that each transmission link 1-5 has a completely consistent motion trajectory and speed during radial movement. This guarantees that the link mounting seat 1-6, which is fixed to the transmission link 1-5, and the external clamping block 6 on it can achieve highly synchronized inward retraction or outward expansion. The mounting roller 1-7 is rotatably connected to the inner end of the transmission link 1-5 and slides through the corresponding arc-shaped groove 1-8, smoothly converting the rotational motion of the drive turntable 1-1 into the radial linear motion of the link mounting seat 1-6. This effectively reduces friction and jamming during movement, improving the smoothness and reliability of the transmission. Furthermore, the rotary drive provides a stable and controllable power source for the drive turntable 1-1, further simplifying operation and reducing human error. This design is not only relatively compact and easy to manufacture and maintain, but also fundamentally ensures the synchronization of multiple external clamping blocks 6 through mechanical linkage, avoiding the asynchronous problems that may occur in traditional independent drives or complex linkage mechanisms. This ensures the accuracy and stability of clamping and positioning the outer wall of the cabin 9, and is especially suitable for machining thin-walled cabins 9, effectively preventing deformation and improving machining quality.

[0026] like Figure 3 As shown, the positioning column 7 includes a large-diameter cylindrical column 7-1 and a small-diameter cylindrical column 7-2 that are integrally formed and coaxially arranged, and a mounting slot 7-3 for installing the inner clamping component 8 is provided at the center of the two.

[0027] Specifically, the positioning column 7 is the core support component of the tooling, used to support and position the cabin 9. Integrated molding means that the large-diameter cylindrical column 7-1 and the small-diameter cylindrical column 7-2 are formed into an inseparable integral structure through integral casting, forging, or machining, ensuring a tight connection and high rigidity between components. Coaxial alignment means that the central axes of the two cylindrical columns coincide, ensuring concentricity in positioning. The mounting slot 7-3 provides installation space and a positioning reference for the inner clamping assembly 8. Located at the center of the large-diameter cylindrical column 7-1 and the small-diameter cylindrical column 7-2, it ensures that the inner clamping assembly 8 can remain concentric with the positioning column 7, thereby achieving precise internal clamping of the cabin 9.

[0028] A plurality of positioning grooves 7-4 are evenly distributed circumferentially along the top outer edge of the small-diameter cylindrical platform 7-2, each corresponding to a plurality of intermediate wing plates 9-3 in the cabin 9. The positioning grooves 7-4 are structures used to mate with the intermediate wing plates 9-3 in the cabin 9, and are evenly distributed circumferentially along the top outer edge of the small-diameter cylindrical platform 7-2 to provide precise circumferential positioning and prevent the cabin 9 from rotating or shifting during machining. For example, the positioning grooves 7-4 can be formed on the top outer edge of the small-diameter cylindrical platform 7-2 by precision machining methods such as milling or wire cutting, and their number and distribution angle should correspond to the number and distribution of the intermediate wing plates 9-3 in the cabin 9; alternatively, grinding can be used to precisely grind positioning grooves 7-4 with specific shapes and depths on the top outer edge of the small-diameter cylindrical platform 7-2 to ensure dimensional accuracy and surface finish, thereby improving the reliability of positioning. Several positioning slots 7-4 correspond one-to-one with several intermediate wing plates 9-3 in the cabin 9. This one-to-one correspondence is the key to achieving precise circumferential positioning of the cabin 9. Through the tight fit between the positioning slots 7-4 and the intermediate wing plates 9-3, the circumferential degree of freedom of the cabin 9 can be eliminated, ensuring the stability and positioning accuracy of the cabin 9 during the manufacturing process.

[0029] Through the above-described configuration, the positioning platform 7 employs a large-diameter cylindrical platform 7-1 and a small-diameter cylindrical platform 7-2, both integrally formed and coaxially aligned. This structural design significantly enhances the overall rigidity and concentricity of the positioning platform 7, providing a stable foundation for the precise clamping of the cabin 9 and effectively avoiding assembly errors and deformation risks that may exist in traditional split structures. A mounting slot 7-3 for installing the inner clamping assembly 8 is provided at the center of both platforms, providing a stable and concentric mounting position for the inner clamping assembly 8 and ensuring that the inner clamping device can accurately act on the inner wall of the cabin 9. More importantly, several positioning slots 7-4 are evenly distributed circumferentially along the top outer edge of the small-diameter cylindrical platform 7-2. These positioning slots 7-4 correspond one-to-one with several intermediate wing plates 9-3 in the cabin 9, thereby further precisely positioning the cabin 9 circumferentially while it is clamped by the inner clamping device. This combined internal and external positioning method not only solves the problem that the positioning column structure cannot accurately match the intermediate wing plate 9-3 of the cabin 9, but also effectively eliminates the circumferential displacement and rotation of the cabin 9 during the processing, greatly improving the positioning accuracy and stability of the cabin 9, thereby ensuring the quality of subsequent processing and reducing the risk of deformation of the thin-walled cabin 9 during processing.

[0030] like Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the lead screw sleeve structure 8-1 includes a lead screw mounting sleeve 8-1-1 connected to the mounting base structure for mounting the telescopic drive mechanism 8-2. Several accommodating straight slot holes 8-1-2 are evenly distributed along its circumference on the outer peripheral wall of the lead screw sleeve structure 8-1. Several hinge seats are fixedly connected to the top of the lead screw mounting sleeve 8-1-1, which are respectively arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the several accommodating straight slot holes 8-1-2, for connecting the X-type telescopic mechanism 8-4.

[0031] Specifically, the lead screw mounting sleeve 8-1-1 is the core component of the lead screw sleeve structure 8-1. Its main function is to provide a stable mounting base for the telescopic drive mechanism 8-2 and connect it to the mounting base structure of the entire tooling. This connection method ensures the stability of the telescopic drive mechanism 8-2 during operation, avoids displacement or deformation caused by force or vibration, and thus guarantees the positioning accuracy of the inner clamping device.

[0032] Furthermore, the telescopic drive mechanism 8-2 includes mounting end caps 8-2-2 installed at the upper and lower ends of the screw mounting sleeve 8-1-1, a drive screw 8-2-1 rotatably connected between the two mounting end caps 8-2-2, and a connecting rod seat 8-2-4 mounted on the drive screw 8-2-1 via a screw nut 8-2-3, and several X-shaped telescopic mechanisms 8-4 are pivotally connected to the connecting rod seat 8-2-4.

[0033] Specifically, the mounting end caps 8-2-2 are installed at the upper and lower ends of the lead screw mounting sleeve 8-1-1. The main function of the mounting end caps 8-2-2 is to provide stable axial and radial support for the drive lead screw 8-2-1, ensuring good coaxiality and stability during rotation and preventing the drive lead screw 8-2-1 from shaking or shifting. The mounting end caps 8-2-2 can be, for example, a structure with bearing seats, directly providing rotational support for the drive lead screw 8-2-1, or it can be a simple plate structure, fixed to the end of the lead screw mounting sleeve 8-1-1 by bolts or welding, and cooperate with the bearings to realize the rotation of the drive lead screw 8-2-1.

[0034] The drive screw 8-2-1 is rotatably connected between two mounting end caps 8-2-2. The drive screw 8-2-1 is the core component for achieving linear drive; it transmits power to the nut 8-2-3 through its own rotational motion, thereby generating linear displacement. The drive screw 8-2-1 can be, for example, a trapezoidal screw or a ball screw, to suit different transmission efficiency and precision requirements. Its rotational drive can be achieved by a motor or manually. The nut 8-2-3 is threaded with the drive screw 8-2-1, precisely converting the rotational motion of the drive screw 8-2-1 into its own linear displacement. The nut 8-2-3 can be a standard threaded nut that matches the drive screw 8-2-1, or, to improve transmission efficiency and reduce friction, a ball nut can be used.

[0035] The connecting rod seat 8-2-4 serves as the common connection point for the X-type telescopic mechanisms 8-4. It moves synchronously with the linear movement of the lead nut 8-2-3, thereby driving the extension and retraction of all X-type telescopic mechanisms 8-4. The connecting rod seat 8-2-4 can be designed as a ring or polygonal structure, with evenly distributed connection points on its outer periphery for pivotally connecting the X-type telescopic mechanisms 8-4. Alternatively, it can consist of multiple independent connecting blocks, each connected to one X-type telescopic mechanism 8-4 and connected to the lead nut 8-2-3 through a common structure. Several X-type telescopic mechanisms 8-4 are pivotally connected to the connecting rod seat 8-2-4. This pivotal connection method ensures that the X-type telescopic mechanisms 8-4 can extend and retract synchronously and uniformly with the linear movement of the connecting rod seat 8-2-4, thus achieving precise control of the positioning and tightening structure 8-3.

[0036] Through the above configuration, the mounting end cap 8-2-2 provides stable support for the drive screw 8-2-1, effectively preventing the drive screw 8-2-1 from wobbling or shifting during rotation, thus ensuring the structural rigidity and operational stability of the entire telescopic drive mechanism 8-2. The cooperation between the drive screw 8-2-1 and the nut 8-2-3 accurately converts rotational motion into linear displacement, avoiding the impact and instability that may occur in traditional mechanical transmissions. The connecting rod seat 8-2-4, as a centralized connection point, can synchronously drive all pivotally connected X-type telescopic mechanisms 8-4, ensuring the synchronous expansion or contraction of each positioning and clamping structure 8-3 in the radial direction. This design allows the clamping force on the inner wall of the cabin 9 to be evenly distributed, avoiding local stress concentration, thereby effectively preventing deformation of the cabin 9 during clamping and positioning, and significantly improving the stability, accuracy, and reliability of clamping and positioning.

[0037] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the X-type telescopic mechanism 8-4 includes connecting rod 8-4-1 and connecting rod 8-4-2, which are pivotally connected in the middle by a pin. The upper end of connecting rod 8-4-1 is pivotally connected to the top of the lead screw sleeve structure 8-1, and the lower end is movably connected to the lower part of the positioning and tightening structure 8-3. The upper end of connecting rod 8-4-2 is pivotally connected to the upper part of the positioning and tightening structure 8-3, and the lower end is pivotally connected to the connecting rod seat 8-2-4. Both the X-type telescopic mechanism 8-4 and the positioning and tightening structure 8-3 are provided with six sets, which means that six independent internal clamping units are evenly distributed around the circumference of the cabin 9. This multi-set symmetrical distribution design aims to ensure that the clamping force on the inner wall of the cabin 9 can be applied evenly, thereby avoiding local stress concentration and deformation of the cabin 9. The selection of six groups is based on a comprehensive consideration of the dimensions, rigidity, and uniformity of clamping force of the chamber 9. It can also be adjusted to four, eight, or more groups according to actual application needs, such as the diameter or wall thickness of the chamber 9, to achieve the best clamping effect.

[0038] Specifically, the X-type telescopic mechanism 8-4 is a common mechanical linkage mechanism. Its core lies in achieving telescopic movement through the cross connection of two links. Link 1 8-4-1 and Link 2 8-4-2 are pivotally connected at the middle by a pin, meaning they can rotate relative to each other at that point, forming a cross structure with a variable angle. This connection method allows the entire mechanism to expand or contract in an X-shape under drive. The pin pivot connection can employ various forms such as cylindrical pins, tapered pins, and bearings to ensure the reliability of the connection and the smoothness of movement.

[0039] The upper end of connecting rod 8-4-1 is pivotally connected to the top of the lead screw sleeve structure 8-1, providing a fixed upper fulcrum for the X-type telescopic mechanism 8-4. This pivotal connection allows connecting rod 8-4-1 to swing around this point, enabling its upper end to follow the motion trajectory during the extension and retraction of the X-type telescopic mechanism 8-4. The lower end of connecting rod 8-4-1 is movably connected to the lower part of the positioning and tightening structure 8-3, meaning that this connection point allows not only relative rotation but also a certain degree of relative sliding or displacement during the extension and retraction of the X-type telescopic mechanism 8-4. This movable connection effectively avoids stress concentration caused by rigid constraints during the mechanism's movement, thereby reducing lateral forces on the positioning and tightening structure 8-3 and ensuring its smooth radial movement. The movable connection can adopt various forms such as pin-shaft engagement with elongated holes, slider guide rail engagement, or roller guidance to adapt to the motion trajectory of the lower end of connecting rod 8-4-1 and ensure stable support of the positioning and tightening structure 8-3.

[0040] The upper end of link two 8-4-2 is pivotally connected to the upper part of the positioning and tightening structure 8-3, providing another important support point for the positioning and tightening structure 8-3. In conjunction with the lower movable connection of link one 8-4-1, this pivotal connection ensures that the positioning and tightening structure 8-3 maintains stability during radial movement and evenly transmits the tightening force from the X-type telescopic mechanism 8-4. The lower end of link two 8-4-2 is pivotally connected to link seat 8-2-4, which is the key link for power transmission between the X-type telescopic mechanism 8-4 and the telescopic drive mechanism 8-2 through link seat 8-2-4. Link seat 8-2-4, as a moving component of the telescopic drive mechanism 8-2, converts its linear reciprocating motion into the swing of link two 8-4-2 through this pivotal connection, thereby driving the extension and retraction of the entire X-type telescopic mechanism 8-4. This pivoting connection typically uses a pin connection to ensure reliable power transmission and smooth movement, while allowing the connecting rod 8-4-2 to make necessary angular adjustments during movement.

[0041] Through the above-described configuration, the X-type telescopic mechanism 8-4 is ensured to uniformly transmit force and maintain motion synchronization during the driving process. This allows the six sets of positioning and clamping structures 8-3 to expand outward or contract inward synchronously and in coordination, applying a uniform radial clamping force to the inner wall of the cabin 9. This precise and synchronized movement, combined with uniform force distribution, significantly improves the positioning accuracy and coordination of the inner clamping, effectively avoiding the risk of deformation of the cabin 9 due to uneven force during processing, thereby ensuring the processing quality and dimensional accuracy of the cabin 9.

[0042] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the positioning and clamping structure 8-3 includes a clamping member 8-3-1 with an arc-shaped cross-section. This clamping member 8-3-1 is designed to match the curved surface shape of the inner wall of the cabin 9 to achieve more uniform contact and pressure distribution. The clamping member 8-3-1 can be made of high-strength steel, aluminum alloy, or composite materials to ensure sufficient rigidity and wear resistance. Its arc-shaped surface can be customized according to the inner diameter of the cabin 9, or designed as a structure with a certain degree of elasticity or adjustable curvature, for example, through deformable materials or a segmented design.

[0043] A movable joint block 8-3-2 is fixedly connected to the lower inner side of the clamping member 8-3-1. A longitudinally extending slot is formed in the movable joint block 8-3-2. The lower end of connecting rod 8-4-1 is movably connected to the movable joint block 8-3-2 via a pin that slides through the slot. This slot allows the pin to slide within it, thus providing a longitudinal (vertical) degree of freedom for the lower end of connecting rod 8-4-1. The length and width of the slot should be precisely designed according to the required sliding range and the pin dimensions to ensure smooth sliding and sufficient structural strength. A hinge seat is fixedly connected to the upper inner side of the clamping member 8-3-1. The upper end of connecting rod 8-4-2 is pivotally connected to the hinge seat via a pin. A through groove extending along its length is provided in the middle of the first connecting rod 8-4-1 for passing through the second connecting rod 8-4-2. A through groove is provided at the lower end of the first connecting rod 8-4-1 for passing through the live joint block 8-3-2.

[0044] With the above settings, the arc-shaped clamping member 8-3-1 can better fit the inner wall surface of the cabin 9, ensuring a uniform distribution of clamping force and avoiding local stress concentration, thereby effectively preventing the cabin 9 from deforming during the clamping process.

[0045] The longitudinally extending slot on the movable joint 8-3-2 and the lower end of the connecting rod 8-4-1 are movably connected to the movable joint 8-3-2 via a pin, providing the clamping member 8-3-1 with vertical sliding freedom. This allows the clamping member 8-3-1 to adaptively adjust its height position when expanding outward or retracting inward under the drive of the X-type telescopic mechanism 8-4, to accommodate any minor dimensional deviations or irregularities in shape that may exist on the inner wall of the cabin 9.

[0046] like Figure 5 As shown, the inner clamping assembly 8 also includes a sleeve mounting base 8-5 installed in the mounting slot 7-3 for mounting the lead screw mounting sleeve 8-1-1. The sleeve mounting base 8-5 is conceptually a structural component used to fix and support other parts. Its function is to provide a precise and stable mounting interface for the lead screw mounting sleeve 8-1-1.

[0047] like Figure 5 As shown, the internal drive assembly 10 includes a drive mounting base 10-5 mounted on a mounting structure, a longitudinal shaft 10-1 rotatably connected to the drive mounting base 10-5 and connected to the drive screw 8-2-1, a bevel gear 10-3 keyed to the lower end of the longitudinal shaft 10-1, a transverse shaft 10-2 rotatably connected to the drive mounting base 10-5, a bevel gear 10-4 keyed to the transverse shaft 10-2 and meshing with the bevel gear 10-3, and a drive member for driving the transverse shaft 10-2 to rotate. The drive member is an external power source that provides rotational power to the transverse shaft 10-2, and can be a manual or automatic drive device. The driving component can be a handwheel or crank, which provides rotational power through manual operation and is suitable for applications requiring high precision but with low operating frequency; or it can be a motor, such as a servo motor or stepper motor, which drives the transverse shaft 10-2 through a reducer or directly to achieve automated and precise drive control, suitable for applications requiring high efficiency and high precision.

[0048] Through the above technical solution, when the drive component is started, its rotational power is first transmitted to the transverse shaft 10-2. The bevel gear 10-4, keyed to the transverse shaft 10-2, meshes with the bevel gear 10-3, keyed to the lower end of the longitudinal shaft 10-1. Through the meshing of these bevel gears, the rotational motion of the transverse shaft 10-2 is converted into the rotational motion of the longitudinal shaft 10-1, thus achieving power steering. The longitudinal shaft 10-1 is connected to the drive screw 8-2-1, therefore, the rotation of the longitudinal shaft 10-1 directly drives the drive screw 8-2-1 to rotate. The rotation of the drive screw 8-2-1 drives the connecting rod seat 8-2-4 to move axially along the screw via the nut 8-2-3. The axial movement of the connecting rod seat 8-2-4 drives the positioning and clamping structure 8-3 to extend or retract inward or outward through the X-type telescopic mechanism 8-4, thereby achieving clamping or release of the inner wall of the cabin 9.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, the mounting base structure includes a top mounting plate 3 and a base mounting plate 2 arranged in a cross shape and distributed vertically. Several support rods are provided between the top mounting plate 3 and the base mounting plate 2 to secure them together. Several centering guide rail pairs 1-4 are mounted on the base mounting plate 2. Several slots are provided on the top mounting plate 3 for the insertion of several base mounting plate support plates 1-3. It also includes a clamping mounting platform 4 fixed to the top mounting plate 3 by several support rods. Several operating slots 5 are provided on the clamping mounting platform 4 for the insertion of several clamping block base plates 1-2. A positioning column platform 7 is mounted on the clamping mounting platform 4. Four sets of external clamping blocks 6 are provided, and the four sets of external clamping blocks 6 are evenly distributed around the circumference of the base mounting plate 2.

[0050] Working principle: By employing a coordinated internal and external clamping device, the problems of deformation and poor applicability of the cabin 9 caused by the single clamping method in traditional tooling are solved. Specifically, the mounting base structure provides an overall support foundation to ensure the stability of the tooling; the positioning column 7 is fixedly connected to the mounting base structure as a central reference, facilitating precise alignment of the internal and external clamping devices with the axis of the cabin 9 and reducing positioning deviations. An internal clamping device is set at the center of the positioning column 7 to directly clamp and position the inner wall of the cabin 9, offsetting external stress through internal support and preventing deformation of the thin-walled cabin 9; at the same time, an external clamping device is installed on the mounting base structure to clamp and position the outer wall of the cabin 9, forming a coordinated internal and external clamping to improve the overall fixing strength. The external clamping device includes circumferentially evenly distributed external clamping blocks 6, which are synchronously driven by the centering drive component 1 to retract or expand, ensuring uniform distribution of clamping force and avoiding deformation caused by local stress concentration. The external clamping block 6 is designed as the moving end of the clamping block body 6-3 connected to the centering drive component 1. It uses an inverted L-shaped cross section to cover the upper and lower parts of the cabin 9 at the same time. An upper V-shaped groove 6-2 is provided on the upper inner end face to clamp the outer wall of the middle cylinder 9-2, and a lower V-shaped groove 6-1 is provided on the lower inner end face to clamp the outer wall of the end cylinder 9-1, adapting to the shape of different parts of the cabin 9 and realizing multi-point contact and self-centering. The internal clamping device includes an internal clamping assembly 8 and an internal drive assembly 10. The internal clamping assembly 8 is based on the positioning column 7 and is equipped with a lead screw sleeve structure 8-1 coaxially arranged with it, ensuring that the internal support movement is consistent with the axis of the cabin 9. A telescopic drive mechanism 8-2 is installed on the lead screw sleeve structure 8-1 and connected to the internal drive assembly 10 to drive the positioning and tightening structure 8-3. Through the positioning and tightening structures 8-3 evenly distributed around the circumference of the lead screw sleeve structure 8-1, combined with the X-shaped telescopic mechanism 8-4 pivotally connected to the telescopic drive mechanism 8-2, synchronous radial expansion or contraction is achieved to adapt to different sizes of cabin 9 inner diameters and improve applicability. Overall, each feature is interconnected: the synchronous drive and V-groove design of the external clamping ensure uniform external clamping and shape adaptation, while the lead screw sleeve and X-shaped mechanism of the internal clamping achieve precise internal support synchronization, jointly solving the problems of deformation and size adaptation.

Claims

1. A positioning and fixing fixture for cabin machining, characterized in that: The system includes a mounting base structure, on which a positioning column (7) is fixedly attached. An inner clamping device for clamping and positioning the inner wall of the cabin (9) is provided at the center of the positioning column (7). The system also includes an outer clamping device for clamping and positioning the outer wall of the cabin (9) installed on the mounting base structure. The outer clamping device includes several outer clamping blocks (6) evenly distributed circumferentially around the positioning column (7). It also includes a centering drive assembly (1) installed on the mounting base structure for driving the several outer clamping blocks (6) to synchronously retract inward or expand outward. The outer clamping block (6) includes a clamping block body (6-3) connected to the moving end of the centering drive assembly (1). The longitudinal section of the clamping block body (6-3) is an inverted L-shape. A clamping device for clamping the intermediate cylinder part (9-) is provided on the upper inner end face of the clamping block body (6-). 2) The upper V-groove (6-2) on the outer wall, and the lower V-groove (6-1) on the lower inner end face of the clamping block body (6-3) for clamping the outer wall of the end cylinder (9-1); the inner clamping device includes an inner clamping assembly (8) and an inner drive assembly (10) connected to the inner clamping assembly (8); the inner clamping assembly (8) includes a lead screw sleeve structure (8-1) installed on the positioning column (7) and coaxially arranged therewith, a telescopic drive mechanism (8-2) connected to the inner drive assembly (10) is installed on the lead screw sleeve structure (8-1), and also includes a number of positioning and tightening structures (8-3) evenly distributed in the circumferential direction on the periphery of the lead screw sleeve structure (8-1), and an X-type telescopic mechanism (8-4) is pivotally connected between each positioning and tightening structure (8-3) and the telescopic drive mechanism (8-2).

2. The positioning and fixing fixture for cabin machining as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The centering drive assembly (1) includes several connecting rod mounting seats (1-6) evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, which are mounted on the mounting base structure via centering guide rail pairs (1-4). Each connecting rod mounting seat (1-6) is equipped with a seat plate support plate (1-3) and a clamping block seat plate (1-2) is mounted through the seat plate support plate (1-3). Several external clamping blocks (6) are respectively mounted on several clamping block seat plates (1-2). It also includes a turntable drive mechanism mounted on the mounting base structure, which is used to drive the several connecting rod mounting seats (1-6) to synchronously retract inward or expand outward.

3. The positioning and fixing fixture for cabin processing as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The turntable drive mechanism includes a drive turntable (1-1) rotatably connected to the mounting base structure, a number of arc-shaped grooves (1-8) evenly distributed in the circumferential direction on the drive turntable (1-1), a transmission connecting rod (1-5) fixedly connected to each connecting rod mounting base (1-6), and a mounting roller (1-7) rotatably connected to the inner end of each transmission connecting rod (1-5) and slidingly passing through the corresponding arc-shaped groove (1-8); it also includes a rotary drive component for driving the drive turntable (1-1) to rotate.

4. The positioning and fixing fixture for cabin machining as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning column (7) includes a large-diameter cylindrical column (7-1) and a small-diameter cylindrical column (7-2) that are integrally formed and coaxially arranged. At the center of the two, there is a mounting slot (7-3) for installing the inner clamping assembly (8). On the top outer edge of the small-diameter cylindrical column (7-2), there are several positioning slots (7-4) evenly distributed along its circumference. The several positioning slots (7-4) correspond one-to-one with several intermediate wing plates (9-3) in the cabin (9).

5. The positioning and fixing fixture for cabin machining as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The lead screw sleeve structure (8-1) includes a lead screw mounting sleeve (8-1-1) connected to the mounting base structure for mounting the telescopic drive mechanism (8-2). The outer peripheral wall of the lead screw sleeve structure (8-1) is provided with a plurality of accommodating straight slot holes (8-1-2) evenly distributed along its circumference. A plurality of hinge seats are fixedly connected to the top of the lead screw mounting sleeve (8-1-1), which are respectively provided in correspondence with the plurality of accommodating straight slot holes (8-1-2), for connecting the X-type telescopic mechanism (8-4).

6. The positioning and fixing fixture for cabin machining as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The telescopic drive mechanism (8-2) includes mounting end caps (8-2-2) installed at the upper and lower ends of the screw mounting sleeve (8-1-1), a drive screw (8-2-1) rotatably connected between the two mounting end caps (8-2-2), and a connecting rod seat (8-2-4) mounted on the drive screw (8-2-1) via a nut (8-2-3). Several X-type telescopic mechanisms (8-4) are pivotally connected to the connecting rod seat (8-2-4).

7. The positioning and fixing fixture for cabin machining as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The X-type telescopic mechanism (8-4) includes a connecting rod 1 (8-4-1) and a connecting rod 2 (8-4-2) pivotally connected in the middle by a pin. The upper end of the connecting rod 1 (8-4-1) is pivotally connected to the top of the lead screw sleeve structure (8-1), and the lower end is movably connected to the lower part of the positioning and tightening structure (8-3). The upper end of the connecting rod 2 (8-4-2) is pivotally connected to the upper part of the positioning and tightening structure (8-3), and the lower end is pivotally connected to the connecting rod seat (8-2-4).

8. The positioning and fixing fixture for cabin machining as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The positioning and tightening structure (8-3) includes a tightening member (8-3-1) with an arc-shaped cross-section. A movable block (8-3-2) is fixedly connected to the lower part of the inner side of the tightening member (8-3-1). A longitudinally extending strip hole is opened on the movable block (8-3-2). The lower end of the connecting rod one (8-4-1) is movably connected to the movable block (8-3-2) through a pin that slides through the strip hole. A hinge seat is fixedly connected to the upper part of the inner side of the tightening member (8-3-1). The upper end of the connecting rod two (8-4-2) is pivotally connected to the hinge seat through a pin.

9. The positioning and fixing fixture for cabin machining as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The internal drive assembly (10) includes a drive mounting base (10-5) mounted on a mounting base structure, a longitudinal shaft (10-1) rotatably connected to the drive mounting base (10-5) and connected to the drive screw (8-2-1), a bevel gear (10-3) keyed to the lower end of the longitudinal shaft (10-1), a transverse shaft (10-2) rotatably connected to the drive mounting base (10-5), a bevel gear (10-4) keyed to the transverse shaft (10-2) and meshing with the bevel gear (10-3); and a drive member for driving the transverse shaft (10-2) to rotate.

10. The positioning and fixing fixture for cabin machining as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The mounting base structure includes a mounting top plate (3) and a mounting base plate (2) arranged in a cross shape and distributed vertically. Several support rods are provided between the mounting top plate (3) and the mounting base plate (2) to fix the two together. Several centering guide rail pairs (1-4) are installed on the mounting base plate (2). Several slots are provided on the mounting top plate (3) for passing through several base plate support plates (1-3). It also includes a clamping mounting platform (4) fixed to the mounting top plate (3) by several support rods. Several operating slots (5) are provided on the clamping mounting platform (4) for passing through several clamping block base plates (1-2). The positioning column platform (7) is installed on the clamping mounting platform (4).

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