Processing assembly and circuit board processing apparatus

Abstract

The application provides a processing assembly and a circuit board processing equipment. The processing assembly comprises a main shaft assembly, a feeding assembly and a vibration assembly. The main shaft assembly is used for clamping a drill bit to drill a circuit board on a workbench. The feeding assembly is used for driving the main shaft assembly to move along a drilling direction. The vibration assembly is installed on the feeding assembly and connected to the main shaft assembly, and is used for controlling the main shaft assembly to reciprocate along the drilling direction at a preset vibration frequency and a preset vibration amplitude, so that the main shaft assembly clamping the drill bit is periodically contacted with and separated from the circuit board on the workbench. The vibration assembly specifically adopts a mechanism with simple and compact structure, which not only reduces manufacturing difficulty and cost, but also is convenient for adaptive modification on the existing main shaft assembly, and has good universality and application flexibility.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the technical field of circuit board processing equipment, and more specifically, relates to a processing component and circuit board processing equipment. Background Technology

[0002] In the manufacturing process of circuit boards, to effectively improve drilling quality, the industry has proposed a machining concept that adds axial vibration assistance to traditional rotary cutting. Based on this, a spindle structure with vibration function has emerged. This type of spindle, while achieving continuous tool rotation and axial feed, can additionally generate a high-frequency, micro-amplitude reciprocating vibration along the spindle axis. This vibration effectively interrupts the continuity of the cutting process, promotes chip removal, and reduces cutting resistance, thereby achieving better hole wall quality when machining difficult-to-process materials or multilayer boards. However, achieving this controllable high-frequency vibration usually relies on complex built-in actuators or precision transmission mechanisms, leading to a more complex overall spindle structure and a significant increase in design and manufacturing costs. Utility Model Content

[0003] This application aims to provide a processing component and circuit board processing equipment to solve the technical problems of complex structure, high manufacturing difficulty and high cost of vibration drilling processing components in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application is as follows: A processing component is provided, comprising: Spindle assembly, used to hold the cutting tool for drilling circuit boards on the worktable; A feed assembly is used to drive the spindle assembly to move along the drilling direction; A vibration assembly, installed on the feed assembly and connected to the spindle assembly, is used to control the spindle assembly to reciprocate along the drilling direction according to a preset vibration frequency and a preset amplitude, so that the spindle assembly clamping the tool and the circuit board on the worktable periodically contact and separate.

[0005] The beneficial effects of this machining component are: it breaks down the traditional continuous drilling process into multiple micro-feeds, reducing the axial pressure and cutting load during a single drilling operation. This not only facilitates the smooth removal of drill chips and reduces drill bit wear and heat accumulation, but also effectively suppresses drill bit runout, thereby improving the positioning accuracy of the hole, the hole wall quality, and the overall machining consistency.

[0006] As a further improvement to the above technical solution: Optionally, the vibration assembly includes a stator guide rail and a linear slide. The stator guide rail is connected to the feed assembly, and the linear slide is slidably connected to the stator guide rail. The spindle assembly is mounted on the linear slide, and the linear slide is configured to reciprocate along the stator guide rail at the preset frequency and the preset amplitude, thereby driving the spindle assembly to reciprocate along the drilling direction.

[0007] Optionally, the vibration assembly includes a servo motor, a lead screw, and a sliding seat. The servo motor is connected to the feed assembly, the sliding seat is movably connected to the lead screw, and the spindle assembly is connected to the sliding seat. The servo motor drives the lead screw to rotate forward or backward according to the preset frequency and the preset amplitude, so as to drive the sliding seat to reciprocate along the lead screw, thereby driving the spindle assembly to reciprocate along the drilling direction.

[0008] Optionally, the vibration assembly includes a voice coil motor and a guide seat. The guide seat is slidably connected to the feed assembly, and the spindle assembly is connected to the guide seat. The voice coil motor is used to drive the guide seat to reciprocate along the drilling direction according to the preset frequency and the preset amplitude, thereby driving the spindle assembly to reciprocate along the drilling direction.

[0009] Optionally, the vibration assembly includes a piezoelectric ceramic drive, with its two sides connected to the feed assembly and the spindle assembly, respectively. The piezoelectric ceramic drive is used to control the spindle assembly to reciprocate along the drilling direction according to the preset vibration frequency and the preset amplitude.

[0010] Optionally, it also includes a connecting rod, the two ends of which are respectively connected to the feed assembly and the piezoelectric ceramic drive.

[0011] Optionally, the vibration assembly further includes an insulating element, which is mounted on the feed assembly, and the piezoelectric ceramic drive is mounted on the insulating element so that the piezoelectric ceramic drive is insulated relative to the feed assembly.

[0012] Optionally, a vibration limiting component is also included, which includes a first vibration limiting member and a second vibration limiting member. The first vibration limiting member and the second vibration limiting member are spaced apart from each other along the drilling direction on the feed component, and are used to limit the contact between the vibration component and the feed component when the vibration component is at the vibration limit position.

[0013] This application also provides a circuit board processing apparatus, including a worktable and the aforementioned processing components, wherein the processing components are used to process circuit boards on the worktable. This circuit board processing apparatus inherits all the technical advantages of the aforementioned processing components.

[0014] As a further improvement to the above technical solution: Optionally, the vibration worktable includes a worktable surface and a vibration control component, wherein the vibration control component is disposed on both sides and / or the bottom of the worktable surface and is slidably connected to the worktable surface. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the first type of processing component provided in this application; Figure 2 A side view of the first processing component provided in this application; Figure 3 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the first processing component provided in this application; Figure 4 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the fourth processing component provided in this application; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the vibration worktable provided in this application.

[0017] The following are the labeling elements in the figure: 1. Feed assembly; 11. Feed drive; 12. Feed movable seat; 2. Vibration assembly; 21. Stator guide rail; 22. Linear slide; 23. Piezoelectric ceramic drive component; 24. Insulating component; 25. Connecting rod; 3. Spindle assembly; 4. Vibration limiting assembly; 41. First vibration limiting component; 42. Second vibration limiting component; 5. Vibration worktable; 51. Worktable surface; 52. Vibration control components. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this utility model, and should not be construed as limiting this utility model.

[0019] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0020] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0021] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0022] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0023] Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of this utility model.

[0024] In the following description, suffixes such as "circuit," "component," "assembly," or "unit" are used only for the purpose of describing this utility model and have no specific meaning in themselves. Therefore, they can be used in combination.

[0025] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0026] To address the technical problem of low precision in circuit board drilling, this application provides a machining assembly. This assembly includes a spindle assembly 3, a feed assembly 1, and a vibration assembly 2. The spindle assembly 3 is used to hold the cutting tool and drill holes in the circuit board on the worktable. The type of spindle assembly 3 is not limited; a conventional spindle or an air-bearing spindle can be selected according to actual needs. The feed assembly 1 is connected to the spindle assembly 3, and the vibration assembly 2 is mounted on the feed assembly 1 and connected to the spindle assembly 3. The feed assembly 1 drives the spindle assembly 3 and the vibration assembly 2 to perform linear feed motion along the drilling direction. The vibration assembly 2 controls the spindle assembly 3 to reciprocate along the drilling direction at a preset frequency and amplitude, causing the high-speed rotating cutting tool to periodically contact and separate from the circuit board on the worktable.

[0027] The feed assembly 1 specifically includes a feed drive 11 and a feed movable seat 12. The feed drive 11 drives the feed movable seat 12 to reciprocate along the drilling direction. The feed movable seat 12 supports the vibration assembly 2 and the spindle assembly 3.

[0028] The vibration component 2 provides high-frequency, low-amplitude reciprocating vibration. This vibration is transmitted to the cutting tool mounted on the spindle assembly 3, causing it to vibrate axially at high frequency. Under this vibration, the cutting edge of the tool periodically contacts and separates from the circuit board material during the cutting process, forming a pulsating, intermittent cutting mechanism. On the one hand, the vibration impact enhances the cutting efficiency of the cutting edge. In each vibration cycle, the drill impacts the unremoved material on the circuit board, and combined with the high-speed rotation of the drill itself, this facilitates easier material removal. On the other hand, the secondary cutting edge of the drill, under the action of axial high-frequency vibration, can achieve secondary finishing of the hole wall, which helps improve the surface quality of the hole wall and increase the forming accuracy of the micro-hole. In addition, high-frequency axial vibration can effectively promote the breakage and discharge of drill chips, preventing chips from accumulating in the drill chip groove or the bottom area of ​​the hole, thereby significantly reducing chip removal resistance and improving the stability and processing efficiency of the drilling process.

[0029] Specifically, such as Figures 1 to 3As shown, the vibration assembly 2 includes a stator guide rail 21 and a linear slide 22. The stator guide rail 21 is fixedly mounted on the feed assembly 1, and the linear slide 22 forms a sliding pair with the stator guide rail 21. When energized, the stator guide rail 21 generates an electromagnetic field, allowing the linear slide 22 to perform high-frequency reciprocating linear motion along the extension direction of the stator guide rail 21, with the stroke precisely controlled within a preset amplitude. The spindle assembly 3 is mounted on the linear slide 22 to obtain the high-frequency axial vibration generated by the linear slide 22. To achieve precise control of this high-frequency micro-amplitude vibration, the driver and control card used with the vibration assembly 2 need to have sufficiently high control bandwidth and dynamic response speed to ensure rapid and accurate modulation of the position of the linear slide 22.

[0030] The processing assembly of this application uses a linear motor consisting of a stator guide rail 21 and a linear slide 22 as a vibration drive, which can directly and efficiently transmit high-frequency reciprocating vibration to the spindle assembly 3. Compared with the vibration spindle equipment in the prior art, the vibration assembly 2 of this embodiment has a simpler and more compact structure. This simplified design not only reduces manufacturing difficulty and cost, but also improves the rigidity and response speed of the system.

[0031] Furthermore, this solution is easier to implement. It can manufacture a completely new vibrating spindle from scratch, or it can be adapted to existing standard spindle components 3 that do not have vibration function. By adding the vibration component 2, it can be upgraded to a vibrating spindle with high-frequency vibration capability, thereby improving the versatility and application flexibility of the technical solution.

[0032] To limit the movement of the linear slide 22 within a preset range, such as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the machining assembly also includes a vibration limiting assembly 4. The vibration limiting assembly 4 specifically includes a first vibration limiting member 41 and a second vibration limiting member 42, which are spaced apart along the drilling direction on the feed assembly 1. The first vibration limiting member 41 is configured to contact the linear slide 22 and mechanically limit it when the linear slide 22 moves to its first limit position during vibration. Correspondingly, the second vibration limiting member 42 is positioned at the other end of the linear slide 22's vibration stroke, i.e., when the linear slide 22 moves to its second limit position, it is limited by the second vibration limiting member 42. Through the coordinated action of the first vibration limiting member 41 and the second vibration limiting member 42, the vibration amplitude of the linear slide 22 and the spindle assembly 3 driven by it is limited to a second preset amplitude.

[0033] The first vibration limiting member 41 can specifically be a limiting protrusion connected to the feed assembly 1. When the linear slide 22 moves to the first limit position of its stroke, the limiting protrusion will contact it and achieve mechanical limiting. The second vibration limiting member 42 can specifically be a buffer block connected to the feed assembly 1. When the linear slide 22 moves to the second limit position of its stroke, the vibrating movable seat 22 contacts the buffer block, thereby achieving mechanical limiting and preventing the linear slide 22 from detaching from the feed assembly 1 during processing, affecting the processing progress and processing quality.

[0034] The second processing component provided in this application is basically the same as the processing component described above, with the main difference being: Vibration assembly 2 includes a servo motor (not shown), a lead screw (not shown), and a sliding block (not shown). The servo motor is mounted on the feed assembly 1, and the lead screw is driven by the output shaft of the servo motor. The sliding block converts the rotation of the lead screw into movement along its axial direction. Under the command of the control system, the servo motor performs cyclic forward and reverse rotation at a preset frequency, thereby driving the lead screw to perform reciprocating rotational motion accordingly. Driven by the lead screw, the sliding block converts the rotational motion into linear reciprocating movement along the lead screw axis, and this reciprocating movement is also limited to a preset amplitude. The spindle assembly 3 is mounted on the sliding block, thereby obtaining reciprocating motion at a preset frequency and preset amplitude. The vibration assembly 2 of this embodiment uses a servo motor and a lead screw mechanism to achieve high-frequency reciprocating vibration, which also has the advantages of simpler and more compact structure, ease of implementation, or modification using existing equipment.

[0035] The third processing component provided in this application is basically the same as the processing components described above, with the main difference being: The vibration assembly 2 includes a voice coil motor (not shown) and a guide seat (not shown). The guide seat is connected to the feed assembly 1 via a sliding pair and can slide relative to the feed assembly 1 along the drilling direction. The stator of the voice coil motor is connected to the feed assembly 1, while the mover is connected to the guide seat. Driven by the control system, the voice coil motor can drive the guide seat to perform high-frequency reciprocating vibration along the drilling direction within a preset amplitude range at a preset frequency. The spindle assembly 3 is connected to the guide seat, thereby directly transmitting the reciprocating vibration of the guide seat to the spindle assembly 3 and the machining tool it holds. The voice coil motor features high acceleration and high response speed, effectively meeting the driving requirements of high-frequency reciprocating vibration. The vibration assembly 2 in this embodiment uses a voice coil motor structure to achieve high-frequency reciprocating vibration, which also has the advantages of a simpler and more compact structure, ease of implementation, and the ability to modify existing equipment.

[0036] The fourth processing component provided in this application is basically the same as the processing components mentioned above, with the main difference being: like Figure 4As shown, the vibration assembly 2 includes a piezoelectric ceramic drive 23, which utilizes the inverse piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric material to achieve high-frequency reciprocating vibration. One end of the piezoelectric ceramic drive 23 is connected to the feed assembly 1 to provide support, while the other end is directly connected to the spindle assembly 3. When a control voltage of a specific frequency is applied to the piezoelectric ceramic drive, it will produce precise micro-amplitude deformation in the feed direction, thereby directly driving the spindle assembly 3 to perform high-frequency reciprocating vibration within a preset amplitude. This direct drive method eliminates the mechanical transmission link, which helps to obtain a higher response frequency and more precise control accuracy.

[0037] Furthermore, since the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 23 operates based on the inverse piezoelectric effect, its output vibration amplitude has inherently limited and high-precision control characteristics. The stroke range of its reciprocating motion can be precisely set by the input electrical signal, and it exhibits good stability. Therefore, in this embodiment employing the piezoelectric ceramic actuator, the vibration limiting component 4, which was provided for the mechanical actuator in the aforementioned embodiment, can be omitted. This not only simplifies the overall structure and reduces manufacturing costs but also avoids the impact and wear that may result from mechanical limiting, thus contributing to the long-term reliability of the device.

[0038] The vibration component 2 in this embodiment uses a piezoelectric ceramic drive structure to achieve high-frequency reciprocating vibration. Compared with the three implementation methods mentioned above, the structure is simpler and more compact, and it also has the advantages of being easy to implement or to be modified using existing equipment.

[0039] In addition, the vibration assembly 2 also includes a connecting rod 25, the two ends of which are connected to the feed assembly 1 and the piezoelectric ceramic drive 23 respectively, so that the piezoelectric ceramic drive 23 can be installed on the feed assembly 1.

[0040] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 As shown, the vibration assembly 2 also includes an insulator 24, which is mounted on the feed assembly 1. The piezoelectric ceramic drive 23 is mounted on the insulator 24. The insulator 24 provides electrical isolation between the piezoelectric ceramic drive 23 and the feed assembly 1, improving the safety of the equipment. Furthermore, considering that the housing of the spindle assembly 3 is typically made of insulating material and already possesses good insulation properties, the end of the piezoelectric ceramic drive 23 directly connected to the spindle assembly 3 does not require an additional insulator, simplifying the structure and ensuring drive efficiency. The insulator 24 can be implemented as an insulating plate.

[0041] This application also provides a circuit board processing apparatus, which includes a worktable 5 and the processing components described in detail in any of the above embodiments. The circuit board to be processed is placed on the worktable 5. A stable axial feed motion is provided by the feed component 1, while its vibration component 2 can generate high-frequency axial micro-amplitude vibration superimposed on the feed motion. Therefore, when the circuit board processing apparatus equipped with this processing component performs drilling operations on the circuit board on the worktable 5, the drill bit mounted on the spindle component 3 can simultaneously achieve the synthesis of three motions: rotation, feed, and high-frequency axial vibration. This motion synthesis makes the drilling process exhibit pulsating and separated intermittent cutting characteristics, which not only significantly improves cutting efficiency and chip removal capability, but also effectively improves hole wall quality and machining accuracy. This circuit board processing apparatus inherits all the technical advantages of the above-mentioned processing components and is particularly suitable for micro-hole drilling applications with high requirements for machining quality, efficiency, and accuracy.

[0042] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 As shown, the vibration table 5 includes a table surface 51 for supporting the circuit board and a vibration control unit 52 for driving the table surface 51 to vibrate. The vibration control units 52 are typically arranged in pairs on both sides and / or the bottom of the table surface 51 along the feed direction. When the vibration control units 52 are located on both sides of the table surface 51, they are connected to the table surface 51 via a sliding guide mechanism to constrain the table surface 51 so that it can only reciprocate along the drilling axis. When the vibration control units 52 are located at the bottom of the table surface 51, they can be a voice coil motor or similar device, driving the table surface 51 to reciprocate along the drilling axis.

[0043] In this configuration, the high-frequency axial vibration during drilling can be actively generated not only by the machining tool mounted on the spindle assembly 3, but also indirectly achieved by the vibration control unit 52 driving the worktable 51 and the circuit board fixed on it to generate high-frequency axial vibration together. This mode in which the machining assembly and the vibrating worktable 5 jointly participate in vibration constitutes a dual-vibration drilling technology solution, which can further optimize cutting chip removal conditions and drilling quality. It should be noted that, in order to ensure the machining effect of dual vibration, there must be an effective relative motion between the vibration of the machining assembly and the vibration of the vibrating worktable 5. This means that the vibration motion of the two needs to maintain a certain phase difference, or use different vibration frequencies, to avoid the relative motion being canceled out due to vibration synchronization, thereby weakening the technological advantages of vibration drilling.

[0044] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A processing component, characterized in that... include: Spindle assembly, used to hold the cutting tool for drilling circuit boards on the worktable; A feed assembly is used to drive the spindle assembly to move along the drilling direction; A vibration assembly, installed on the feed assembly and connected to the spindle assembly, is used to control the spindle assembly to reciprocate along the drilling direction according to a preset vibration frequency and a preset amplitude, so that the spindle assembly clamping the tool and the circuit board on the worktable periodically contact and separate.

2. The processing component as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The vibration assembly includes a stator guide rail and a linear slide. The stator guide rail is connected to the feed assembly, and the linear slide is slidably connected to the stator guide rail. The spindle assembly is mounted on the linear slide, and the linear slide is configured to reciprocate along the stator guide rail according to the preset vibration frequency and the preset amplitude, thereby driving the spindle assembly to reciprocate along the drilling direction.

3. The processing component as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The vibration assembly includes a servo motor, a lead screw, and a sliding seat. The servo motor is connected to the feed assembly, the sliding seat is movably connected to the lead screw, and the spindle assembly is connected to the sliding seat. The servo motor drives the lead screw to rotate forward or backward according to the preset vibration frequency and the preset amplitude, so as to drive the sliding seat to reciprocate along the lead screw, thereby driving the spindle assembly to reciprocate along the drilling direction.

4. The processing component as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The vibration assembly includes a voice coil motor and a guide seat. The guide seat is slidably connected to the feed assembly, and the spindle assembly is connected to the guide seat. The voice coil motor is used to drive the guide seat to reciprocate along the drilling direction according to the preset vibration frequency and the preset amplitude, thereby driving the spindle assembly to reciprocate along the drilling direction.

5. The processing component as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The vibration assembly includes a piezoelectric ceramic drive, with its two sides connected to the feed assembly and the spindle assembly, respectively. The piezoelectric ceramic drive is used to control the spindle assembly to reciprocate along the drilling direction according to the preset vibration frequency and the preset amplitude.

6. The processing component as described in claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a connecting rod, the two ends of which are respectively connected to the feed assembly and the piezoelectric ceramic drive.

7. The processing component as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The vibration assembly further includes an insulating element, which is mounted on the feed assembly. The piezoelectric ceramic drive is mounted on the insulating element so that the piezoelectric ceramic drive is insulated relative to the feed assembly.

8. The processing component according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, It also includes a vibration limiting component, which includes a first vibration limiting member and a second vibration limiting member. The first vibration limiting member and the second vibration limiting member are spaced apart from each other along the drilling direction on the feed component, and are used to limit the contact between the vibration component and the feed component when the vibration component is at the vibration limit position.

9. A circuit board processing equipment, characterized in that, It includes a vibratory worktable and a processing assembly as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, the processing assembly being used to process a circuit board on the vibratory worktable.

10. The circuit board processing equipment according to claim 9, characterized in that, The vibration worktable includes a worktable surface and a vibration control component. The vibration control component is disposed on both sides and / or the bottom of the worktable surface and is slidably connected to the worktable surface.

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