Calibration device and additive manufacturing apparatus

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a calibration device and an additive manufacturing equipment. The calibration device comprises a calibration vertical rod, a calibration horizontal rod, a deformation piece and a detection piece. After a calibration surface on the calibration vertical rod is touched by a nozzle, a deformation displacement amount generated by a bearing force of a connecting end of the calibration horizontal rod is amplified, the deformation piece is driven to deform, the deformation amount of the deformation piece is captured by the detection piece and a signal is output, two-way positioning is realized in combination with an equipment displacement device, a closed-loop calibration is formed. The deformation piece can realize detection in two directions, complex data acquisition and processing are avoided, the amplification principle of the calibration horizontal rod improves detection sensitivity, reduces misjudgment rate, and rapid and accurate positioning of the nozzle can be realized. The problems of complex structure, high cost, mechanical limiting relying on manual operation, weak strain sensor signal, poor compatibility of visual or encoder scheme and the like in the prior art are effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and more particularly to a calibration device and additive manufacturing equipment. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of 3D printing technology, precise nozzle calibration is the core step to ensure printing accuracy. Especially now that multiple materials and multiple nozzles can be used for printing, the position calibration after changing nozzles during the printing process directly affects the printing effect.

[0003] Existing technologies have proposed various solutions to address this issue, such as mechanical limit switches combined with manual adjustment, visual calibration, or encoder-based closed-loop feedback calibration. However, each solution has certain limitations. For example, mechanical limit switches combined with manual adjustment not only rely on human experience but are also unsuitable for long-term operating environments and difficult to adapt to multi-nozzle systems. Visual calibration relies on devices such as cameras and lasers, as well as auxiliary components, resulting in high hardware and debugging costs. Encoder solutions require multiple encoders and processing modules, leading to high device complexity and compatibility issues.

[0004] Based on this, some existing technical solutions attempt to achieve multi-directional positioning using strain sensors. These solutions utilize the deformation of an elastic body to feed back electrical signals to piezoelectric crystals to obtain the printhead position. However, to acquire the printhead's contact direction, piezoelectric crystals are placed on both the upper and lower sides of the elastic body. For just two horizontal detection directions, four sets of piezoelectric crystals are required. This not only necessitates four sets of sensing components but also the corresponding detection and verification of four sets of electrical signals, significantly increasing the manufacturing cost of the detection unit. These solutions all over-rely on external detection devices, ignoring the advantages of the printer's own displacement structure, resulting in system complexity and increased costs. Utility Model Content

[0005] This application provides a calibration device and additive manufacturing equipment to solve the problem that the structure of the device used for relative position calibration before and after nozzle replacement in the prior art additive manufacturing equipment cannot simultaneously take into account detection accuracy, stability, reliability, equipment cost, and operating cost.

[0006] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description or may be learned by practice of this application.

[0007] According to one aspect of this application, a nozzle calibration device for additive manufacturing equipment is provided. The calibration device includes: a calibration vertical rod, a calibration horizontal rod, a deformable component, and a detection component. The calibration vertical rod is provided with a first calibration surface and a second calibration surface that are perpendicular to each other. The calibration horizontal rod is provided with a support portion and two connecting ends located on both sides of the support portion. The calibration vertical rod is fixedly connected to the support portion. The deformable component includes a deformable part, which includes an installation area and connecting areas on both sides of the installation area. The two connecting areas are fixedly connected to the two connecting ends, and each connecting end can drive the deformable part to bend and deform. The detection component is provided in the installation area and is used to detect the deformation of the deformable part and output a signal. The calibration horizontal rod extends along a first direction, and the first direction has an angle greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees between it and both the first calibration surface and the second calibration surface.

[0008] This type of embodiment has the following technical effects:

[0009] First, the calibration rod has two mutually perpendicular calibration surfaces, a first calibration surface and a second calibration surface, which provide a direct physical reference for coordinates in both horizontal and vertical directions. The detection orientation is determined by the movable characteristics of the nozzles when the print head is driven. The printing device precisely controls the movement of the print head, causing the nozzles to contact the first and second calibration surfaces respectively, and records the position information of the nozzles when they contact the calibration surfaces. This position information can include coordinate information; contact with the two calibration surfaces allows the acquisition of the nozzle's coordinate position relative to the reference surface. This eliminates the need to analyze the signal generation process through feedback records from the calibration device to determine the coordinate position, reducing data processing steps and avoiding complex detection component setups.

[0010] Furthermore, the two connecting ends of the calibration crossbar are fixed to the connection area of ​​the deformable component, forming a force transmission path. When the nozzle touches the calibration surface and generates force, this force is transmitted to the bearing part through the calibration vertical bar. The calibration vertical bar uses the bearing part as a fulcrum, and the distance between the fulcrum and the connecting ends forms a lever effect, effectively amplifying the small deformation of the bearing part area, resulting in a relatively significant displacement difference between the two connecting ends. This displacement difference drives the complete deformation of the deformable component, ensuring that the detection component can stably capture a reliable signal, significantly improving the sensitivity and reliability of position detection.

[0011] Furthermore, the calibration crossbar extends along the first direction, which is at a non-perpendicular angle to both calibration surfaces. This angle design ensures that when the nozzle touches the first or second calibration surface, the force generated can be transmitted to the connection end and drive the deformable part to produce effective deformation. Combined with the displacement direction of the displacement device inside the additive manufacturing equipment, the detection coverage of a single deformable part in two directions can be achieved.

[0012] Finally, the aforementioned nozzle calibration device integrates three major structures: bidirectional positioning of the calibration vertical rod, lever displacement amplification of the calibration horizontal rod, and signal detection of the deformation component. It utilizes the device's own displacement system to complete nozzle movement and direction recognition, forming a closed-loop calibration process. This effectively enables rapid and accurate positioning in scenarios requiring multiple nozzle replacements, significantly improving calibration efficiency.

[0013] Compared to existing technologies, this embodiment eliminates multiple sets of sensing components and signal verification steps during implementation, solving the problems of complex structure and high hardware cost. At the same time, it utilizes the setting of the calibration crossbar to amplify the displacement of the bearing part, improve the deformation detection sensitivity, and achieves direction recognition in conjunction with the printer's own displacement system. This solves the problems of mechanical limit switches relying on manual operation, weak strain sensor signals, and poor compatibility of vision or encoder solutions. Furthermore, it can efficiently adapt to multi-printhead replacement scenarios, balancing calibration accuracy and efficiency.

[0014] In some exemplary embodiments of this application, the calibration crossbar includes two connecting arms, with two connecting ends disposed at the first end of the connecting arm, and the second end of the connecting arm fixedly connected to the bearing portion, and the two connecting arms and the two connecting ends are symmetrically arranged.

[0015] In this type of embodiment, the connecting arm achieves effective transmission of the lever arm through the span connection, which extends the force application distance. Combined with the symmetrical arrangement, the force on both connecting ends is more balanced, ensuring that when the nozzle touches the first or second calibration surface, the deformation on both sides of the deformation part is consistent and opposite in direction, avoiding deformation deviation caused by uneven force on one side, and improving the stability and consistency of signal detection.

[0016] This symmetrical structure enhances the symmetry of the lever amplification effect, making the deformation directions at the two connection ends opposite and the deformation amounts roughly the same. This corresponds to the superposition of deformation amounts detected by the detection element, which enables more accurate feedback. It not only continues the advantages of the original scheme in simplifying the structure and improving sensitivity, but also solves the detection deviation that may exist in the asymmetrical structure, further adapting to the requirements for calibration stability in multi-nozzle high-frequency switching scenarios.

[0017] In some exemplary embodiments of this application, the first direction intersects perpendicularly with the line of intersection of the first calibration surface and the second calibration surface.

[0018] In this type of embodiment, the design that the first direction intersects perpendicularly with the intersection line of the two calibration surfaces and is within the angle between the two calibration surfaces allows the force to be directly transmitted to the calibration crossbar along the first direction when the nozzle touches either calibration surface, avoiding the generation of additional torque due to the offset between the point of application of the force and the transmission direction.

[0019] This optimization ensures the linearity of the force transmission path, reduces unexpected additional deformation interference, and makes the deformation of the deformation part more closely match the actual contact force and position, further improving the stability and accuracy of the signal output of the detection component.

[0020] In some exemplary embodiments of this application, there is a 45° angle between the first direction and the first calibration surface.

[0021] In this type of embodiment, the angle between the first direction and the second calibration surface is always 45°. From the perspective of force transmission characteristics, the symmetrical angle distribution allows the contact force of the nozzle in both directions to be uniformly converted into the deformation of the deformable part, avoiding the problem of weak signal in one direction due to angle deviation, and further improving the stability of the detection. This balanced setting is more suitable for calibration scenarios with multiple nozzles rotating. The contact force of different nozzles may have slight differences, and the symmetrical mechanical structure formed by the 45° angle can weaken the impact of this difference on the detection results, ensuring the consistency of calibration accuracy for multiple nozzles.

[0022] In some exemplary embodiments of this application, the first direction intersects both the first calibration plane and the second calibration plane.

[0023] In this type of embodiment, the arrangement where the first direction intersects with both the first and second calibration surfaces simultaneously allows the two connecting ends to produce opposite deformation trends (e.g., one end presses down while the other rises) when the nozzle touches the two calibration surfaces respectively. This reverse deformation characteristic results in significant differences in the signals captured by the detection element, allowing for direct differentiation of the touch direction without the need for an additional signal analysis module. Combined with the printer's own displacement information, this enables more precise positioning of the nozzle.

[0024] Meanwhile, the reciprocating deformation conversion (alternating deformation direction when contacting different calibration surfaces) can reduce the cumulative fatigue caused by unidirectional force on the deformed part, reduce detection error after long-term use, and improve the stability and life of the device.

[0025] In some exemplary embodiments of this application, in the projection onto the horizontal plane, the projection of the line containing the first direction, the projection of the first calibration plane, and the projection of the second calibration plane form an isosceles right triangle.

[0026] In this type of embodiment, the projection of the first direction onto the two calibration surfaces forms an isosceles right triangle. Through a precise 45-degree symmetrical angle, the balance of force transmission and the symmetry of signal feedback are achieved. When the nozzle contacts the first and second calibration surfaces at the same speed, the components of the force along the first direction are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, causing the deformable component to produce equal and opposite deformations.

[0027] This symmetrical deformation characteristic not only allows the detection device to clearly distinguish the touch direction through signal differences, reducing the possibility of misjudgment of direction, but also makes the calibration data of the two directions directly comparable, reducing system error.

[0028] In some exemplary embodiments of this application, the two connecting areas are respectively connected to the opposite sides of the mounting area, and the included angle between the extending directions of the two connecting areas is 180°. The side of the two connecting areas away from the mounting area and facing the calibration crossbar is respectively fixedly connected to the side of the two connecting ends away from the calibration vertical bar.

[0029] In this type of embodiment, two connection areas are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the mounting area at a 180° angle, and their connection method with the connection end forms a reverse force structure, so that when the nozzle touches different calibration surfaces, the two connection areas on both sides produce deformations in opposite directions. This design, through the clear difference in deformation direction, can directly distinguish the contact direction by the positive or negative or fluctuation trend of the detection signal, such as which calibration surface the nozzle is touching, further improving the intuitiveness and accuracy of position judgment, and fundamentally avoiding the signal confusion problem that is easily caused by a single deformation direction.

[0030] Meanwhile, the 180° symmetrical layout ensures the balance of deformation on both sides. Combined with the lever amplification effect at the connection end, it enables the deformation to maintain consistent sensitivity in reverse motion, which not only enhances structural stability but also makes the detection signal more contrastive.

[0031] In some exemplary embodiments of this application, a boss is provided on the side of the connecting end away from the calibration vertical rod, the boss abuts against the side of the connecting area facing the calibration vertical rod, and there is a gap between the area on the calibration horizontal rod other than the two connecting ends and the deformable part.

[0032] In this type of embodiment, the abutment design between the connecting end boss and the connecting area limits the force transmission point to both ends. By utilizing the lever arm principle, the influence of the force on the deformed part is further amplified, making the deformation signal more significant and improving the detection component's ability to capture minute touches.

[0033] Meanwhile, the gap setting between the calibration crossbar and the deformable part avoids the interference of unnecessary contact in non-connected areas on the force transmission path, ensuring that the force can be efficiently transmitted to the deformable part along the preset direction, reducing signal noise and errors. This design not only improves the stability and accuracy of position detection, but also does not increase the additional hardware cost, taking into account both structural simplification and performance optimization.

[0034] In some exemplary embodiments of this application, the mounting area is provided with a filling groove, the test piece is disposed on the side of the mounting area opposite to the calibration crossbar, and at least part of the adhesive material used to fix the test piece is located in the filling groove.

[0035] In this type of embodiment, by embedding part of the adhesive material into the filling groove, a three-dimensional combined structure of planar bonding and vertical groove filling is formed. Compared with simple planar bonding, the adhesive contact area and mechanical interlocking force are greatly increased, effectively preventing the test piece from loosening or displacing during repeated deformation of the deformed part.

[0036] Meanwhile, the stable bonding and fixing eliminates the need for fastener connections, thus eliminating the interference of rigid connections on the natural deformation of the deformable part and ensuring that the deformation can be accurately captured by the test piece. This provides structural protection for stable and accurate signal output, further improving the long-term stability and testing accuracy of the calibration device.

[0037] In some exemplary embodiments of this application, the deformable part is further provided with an assembly part surrounding the deformable part, and a plurality of fixing parts are provided between the assembly part and the mounting area, and the plurality of fixing parts and the two connecting areas are centrally symmetrically arranged.

[0038] In this type of embodiment, the fixing part and the two connecting areas are centrally symmetrically distributed. From the perspective of structural stability, the centrally symmetrical fixing part further distributes the stress on the deformable part evenly to the assembly part, preventing fatigue damage to the deformable part caused by local stress concentration, and significantly improving the long-term reliability of the device.

[0039] From the perspective of deformation consistency, the central symmetry design ensures that the deformation of the two connection areas always maintains a precise correspondence when subjected to force. When the nozzle touches different calibration surfaces, the deformation amplitude and direction of the two connection areas can strictly match the mechanical transmission law under the lever principle, avoiding deformation deviation caused by structural asymmetry. This makes the signal captured by the detection component more consistent with the actual position information, effectively improving the calibration accuracy.

[0040] In some exemplary embodiments of this application, there are two fixing parts, and the two fixing parts and two connecting areas are arranged alternately around the center position of the mounting area, and the deformable parts are an integral structure.

[0041] In this type of embodiment, the alternating layout allows the two fixed parts and two connecting areas to form a symmetrical and balanced force transmission path around the center of the mounting area. When the nozzle touches the calibration surface and generates force, the stress can be evenly distributed to the fixed parts through the connecting areas, avoiding deformation displacement or structural damage caused by unilateral force. This ensures that the deformation part maintains a stable deformation output during the reciprocating deformation process, providing a more accurate signal reference for the test piece.

[0042] The integrated structural design improves processing and assembly efficiency: on the one hand, it eliminates the splicing process of multiple parts, and the deformation part can be manufactured through a one-time molding process, reducing the cumulative error in the assembly process and ensuring the positional accuracy between the connection area, the fixing part and the installation area; on the other hand, it avoids the loss of force transmission caused by loose connections or gaps between parts, ensuring that the force generated by the nozzle contact can be completely transmitted to the deformation part, and improving the stability of detection sensitivity.

[0043] In some exemplary embodiments of this application, the calibration device further includes a cover, which is detachably fixedly connected to the assembly, with an opening on the side of the cover away from the assembly, and a receiving cavity is formed between the cover and the deformable part, with the calibration crossbar located inside the receiving cavity and the calibration vertical bar at least partially passing through the opening and located outside the receiving cavity.

[0044] In this type of embodiment, the detachable connection design between the cover and the assembly part not only provides enclosed protection for core components such as the calibration crossbar and deformation parts, but also facilitates later maintenance and component replacement. The formation of the receiving cavity can effectively isolate dust, debris and other impurities in the equipment operating environment, preventing them from adhering to the deformation parts or connection ends and affecting the deformation transmission accuracy.

[0045] The open structure ensures the calibration rod extends normally for touch calibration while reducing the area of ​​connection between the internal space and the outside, further reducing the probability of impurities entering. This design allows the calibration device to maintain stable mechanical performance and detection accuracy in complex additive manufacturing environments, extending the equipment's maintenance cycle and indirectly improving continuous operation efficiency in scenarios requiring multiple nozzle replacements.

[0046] In some exemplary embodiments of this application, the cover includes a first reinforcing part, a second reinforcing part, a first mounting position, and a second mounting position. The first reinforcing part is located on the side of the calibration vertical rod away from the first calibration surface, the second reinforcing part is located on the side of the calibration vertical rod away from the second calibration surface, the first mounting position is located on the side of the first reinforcing part away from the calibration vertical rod, and the second mounting position is located on the side of the second reinforcing part away from the calibration vertical rod. The first mounting position and the second mounting position are used to connect the main body of the additive manufacturing equipment.

[0047] In this type of embodiment, the setting of the first mounting position and the second mounting position provides a clear and stable assembly interface for the connection between the calibration device and the main body of the additive manufacturing equipment, ensuring the device is installed and positioned, making the assembly process convenient and efficient, and reducing the impact of installation errors on calibration accuracy.

[0048] The first and second reinforcing sections are respectively located on both sides of the calibration vertical rod. By strengthening the structural strength of the cover at the connection points, they effectively resist external impacts that may occur during installation and use. This reinforcement design not only improves the cover's own resistance to deformation but also enhances the stability of the connection with the main body of the equipment, preventing the calibration device from shifting position due to loose connections during long-term use.

[0049] The reinforced structure disperses the forces transmitted to the connection points during calibration, reducing changes in the overall positional accuracy of the device due to concentrated forces. When the nozzle impacts the calibration surface, the reinforced structure buffers the force transmission path, reducing the impact on the connection points between the mounting position and the main body of the equipment. This ensures the relative positional stability of core components such as the calibration vertical rod and calibration horizontal rod, providing a structural foundation for continuous and accurate position detection and further optimizing calibration reliability in scenarios with multiple nozzle replacements.

[0050] In some exemplary embodiments of this application, the bearing portion is provided with a first mounting hole, the calibration vertical rod is provided with a second mounting hole, the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole are aligned and installed, the connecting arm is provided with a cavity on the side facing the deformed part, and the inlet end of the second mounting hole communicates with the cavity.

[0051] In this type of embodiment, the alignment and installation design of the first and second mounting holes achieves a rigid connection between the bearing part and the calibration rod through precise hole matching. This ensures that the force generated when the nozzle touches the calibration surface can be efficiently transmitted to the connecting arm along a fixed path, avoiding force transmission loss or directional deviation caused by loose connection. This provides a structural basis for the stable performance of the lever amplification effect and ensures the accuracy of position detection.

[0052] The design of the inner cavity of the connecting arm ensures the overall rigidity of the connecting arm for reliable torque transmission, while effectively reducing the weight of the components through the hollow structure, achieving a lightweight design for the device. This not only reduces inertial interference during the movement of the calibration device itself and improves the response speed of the equipment displacement system, but also reduces the load on the connecting structure during long-term use, extending the service life of the device.

[0053] In addition, the design of the second assembly hole inlet end communicating with the cavity not only provides operating space for assembly tools, facilitating quick alignment and installation, but also avoids part interference that may be caused by the solid structure, thereby improving assembly efficiency and structural compactness.

[0054] In some exemplary embodiments of this application, the detection element is a sheet-like structure, the deformation element is a plate-like structure, the detection element and the deformation element are attached together, and the detection element is a strain sensor or a piezoelectric ceramic.

[0055] In this type of embodiment, the mounting design of the sheet-like detection component and the plate-like deformation component achieves a tight fit by leveraging the high compatibility of their structural forms. This eliminates signal delay or distortion caused by assembly gaps, ensuring that the minute deformation of the deformation part can be completely transmitted to the detection component, thus laying a structural foundation for high-precision position detection.

[0056] When using strain sensors or piezoelectric ceramics as detection components, strain sensors offer high sensitivity to minute deformations, accurately capturing even the smallest deformations amplified by levers, thus meeting the stringent positional accuracy requirements of calibration devices. Piezoelectric ceramics, on the other hand, feature fast response and strong output signals, providing real-time feedback on deformation dynamics and improving calibration efficiency in multi-nozzle switching scenarios. Both components are sheet-like structures, eliminating the need for additional fasteners during mounting and avoiding interference from mechanical connections on deformation transmission. This also ensures the device's lightweight and compact design, further optimizing the system's detection stability and adaptability.

[0057] In some exemplary embodiments of this application, an additive manufacturing apparatus is provided, which includes a calibration device as described in any of the above embodiments, a plurality of replaceable nozzles, and a processor. The calibration device is used to calibrate the nozzles before and after nozzle replacement. The calibration device outputs a signal to the processor, and the processor calibrates and compensates the nozzles based on the output signal.

[0058] This additive manufacturing equipment integrates the aforementioned calibration device, replaceable multi-nozzle units, and a processor to form a closed-loop calibration system suitable for multi-nozzle scenarios, improving the equipment's practicality and reliability. Leveraging the calibration device's precise detection capabilities before and after nozzle replacement, combined with the processor's real-time analysis and compensation of the output signal, automated calibration after multiple nozzle replacements is achieved. This completely eliminates the cumbersome process of traditional manual calibration, significantly shortens the debugging time after nozzle replacement, and improves calibration efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0059] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this application, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort.

[0060] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a calibration device provided in an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0061] Figure 2 A bottom view schematic diagram of a calibration device provided in an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0062] Figure 3A schematic diagram of the internal structure of a calibration device provided in a three-dimensional state according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0063] Figure 4 A top view schematic diagram of the internal structure of a calibration device provided in an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0064] Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of the calibration vertical rod and calibration horizontal rod of the calibration device provided in one embodiment of this application is shown.

[0065] Figure 6 A top view schematic diagram of the deformable component of a calibration device provided in an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0066] Figure 7 A bottom view of the calibration crossbar of a calibration device provided in an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0067] Figure 8 A top view schematic diagram of the internal structure of a calibration device provided in an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0068] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0069] 10. Calibration vertical rod; 11. First calibration surface; 12. Second calibration surface; 13. Second mounting hole; 20. Calibration horizontal rod; 21. Bearing part; 211. First mounting hole; 22. Connecting end; 221. Boss; 23. Connecting arm; 231. Cavity; 30. Deformable part; 31. Deformable part; 311. Mounting area; 312. Connecting area; 313. Filling groove; 32. Assembly part; 33. Fixing part; 40. Detection part; 50. Cover; 51. First reinforcing part; 52. Second reinforcing part; 53. First mounting position; 54. Second mounting position; 55. Opening; X, First direction. Detailed Implementation

[0070] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, they are provided so that this application will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and therefore their detailed description will be omitted.

[0071] The features, structures, or characteristics described above can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments, and where possible, the features discussed in the various embodiments are interchangeable. In the above description, numerous specific details are provided to give a full understanding of embodiments of this application. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that the technical solutions of this application can be practiced without one or more of the specific details described, or other methods, components, materials, etc., can be employed. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring various aspects of this application.

[0072] Although this application uses relative terms such as "up" and "down" to describe the relative relationship of one component of an icon to another, these terms are used only for convenience, such as the orientation of the example shown in the accompanying drawings. It is understood that if the icon's arrangement is flipped so that it is upside down, the component described as "up" will become the component described as "down". Other relative terms, such as "high", "low", "top", "bottom", "front", "back", "left", and "right", also have similar meanings. When a structure is "up" of another structure, it may mean that the structure is integrally formed on the other structure, or that the structure is "directly" mounted on the other structure, or that the structure is "indirectly" mounted on the other structure through another structure.

[0073] In this application, the terms “a,” “an,” “the,” “the,” and “at least one” are used to indicate the presence of one or more elements / components / etc.; the terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are used to indicate an open-ended inclusion meaning and to mean that there may be other elements / components / etc. in addition to the listed elements / components / etc.

[0074] Before introducing the multi-channel feeding assembly of this application, a detailed example of the calibration device in the related art and its problems will be given so that the advantages and features of this application can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art.

[0075] In additive manufacturing equipment, to accommodate the use of various materials or colors of consumables, it is often necessary to replace the printhead or nozzle. Due to manufacturing tolerances, installation errors, and differences in the design of different hot-end / nozzle heads, the position of the nozzle outlet of the hot-end or nozzle usually shifts before and after replacement. This change in nozzle position has a significant impact on printing accuracy. To ensure the geometric accuracy of the printed model and the quality of interlayer bonding, the position of the nozzle (such as the nozzle outlet center point) must be precisely calibrated after replacing the hot-end / nozzle head.

[0076] In related technologies, mechanical limit switches combined with manual adjustment rely on manual labor, which is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive but also prone to calibration errors due to differences in operator skills, seriously affecting the accuracy and stability of the product. Visual calibration relies on devices such as cameras and lasers and their accessories, resulting in high hardware and debugging costs. Encoder solutions require multiple encoders and processing modules, leading to high device complexity and compatibility issues. Furthermore, some methods use multiple sensors to collect position data from different directions at multiple locations on the nozzle, which not only complicates the device structure and increases hardware costs but also reduces calibration reliability due to signal coordination problems between sensors.

[0077] In summary, the calibration devices in the existing technologies cannot simultaneously address issues such as detection accuracy, stability, reliability, equipment cost, and operating cost. Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a new technical solution to solve these problems.

[0078] For this purpose, please refer to Figures 1 to 4 In some exemplary embodiments of this application, a nozzle calibration device for additive manufacturing equipment is provided. The calibration device includes: a calibration vertical rod 10, a calibration horizontal rod 20, a deformation element 30, and a detection element 40. The calibration vertical rod 10 is provided with a first calibration surface 11 and a second calibration surface 12 that are perpendicular to each other. The calibration horizontal rod 20 is provided with a support portion 21 and two connecting ends 22 located on both sides of the support portion 21. The calibration vertical rod 10 is fixedly connected to the support portion 21. The deformation element 30 includes a deformation portion 31, which includes a mounting area 311 and connecting areas 312 on both sides of the mounting area 311. The two connecting areas 312 are fixedly connected to the two connecting ends 22 respectively, and each connecting end 22 can drive the deformation portion 31 to bend and deform. The detection element 40 is provided in the mounting area 311 and is used to detect the deformation of the deformation portion 31 and output a signal. The calibration horizontal rod 20 extends along a first direction X, and the first direction X has an angle greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees between the first calibration surface 11 and the second calibration surface 12.

[0079] This type of embodiment has the following technical effects:

[0080] First, the first calibration surface 11 and the second calibration surface 12 of the calibration rod 10 are perpendicular to each other, providing a direct physical reference for the coordinates in both horizontal and vertical directions. The detection orientation is determined by utilizing the nozzle's movable characteristic when driving the print head. The printing device precisely controls the print head movement, causing the nozzle to contact the first calibration surface 11 and the second calibration surface 12 respectively, and records the position information of the nozzle when it contacts the calibration surfaces. This position information can include coordinate information; contact with the two calibration surfaces allows the acquisition of the nozzle's coordinate position relative to the reference surface, i.e., the nozzle's coordinate values ​​in the X and Y directions. This eliminates the need to rely on feedback signals from the calibration device to deduce the coordinate position, simplifying the data processing flow and avoiding redundant settings of complex detection components, thus improving the directness and efficiency of nozzle coordinate identification.

[0081] Secondly, the two connecting ends 22 of the calibration crossbar 20 are fixedly connected to the connecting area 312 of the deformable element 30, forming a force transmission path. When the nozzle touches the calibration surface and generates force, this force is transmitted to the bearing part 21 through the calibration vertical bar 10. The calibration vertical bar 10 uses the bearing part 21 as a fulcrum, and the distance between the fulcrum and the connecting ends 22 forms a lever effect, effectively amplifying the small deformation of the bearing part 21 area, resulting in a relatively significant displacement difference between the two connecting ends 22. This displacement difference drives the complete deformation of the deformable element 31, ensuring that the detection element 40 can stably capture a reliable signal, significantly improving the sensitivity and reliability of position detection.

[0082] Furthermore, the calibration crossbar 20 extends along the first direction X, which forms a non-perpendicular angle with both calibration surfaces. The two angles are complementary acute angles (i.e., the sum of the two angles is 90 degrees). This angle design ensures that regardless of whether the nozzle touches the first calibration surface 11 or the second calibration surface 12, the component of the force generated in the X direction can be effectively transmitted to the calibration crossbar 20, causing the deformation part 31 to deform through the aforementioned lever mechanism. Combined with the device's ability to move in the X and Y directions, detection coverage of contact in both directions (such as two perpendicular directions) can be achieved using only a single deformation part 30 and its detection part 40, greatly simplifying the complexity of the detection structure.

[0083] Finally, the aforementioned nozzle calibration device integrates three core structures: the bidirectional positioning of the calibration vertical rod 10, the lever displacement amplification of the calibration horizontal rod 20, and the signal detection of the deformation component 30. It relies on the device's own displacement system to record the nozzle's movement and contact position, and combines this with the deformation component's confirmation of the contact event to form a complete closed-loop calibration process. This design can efficiently adapt to scenarios involving multiple nozzle replacements, achieving rapid and accurate nozzle positioning and significantly improving calibration efficiency.

[0084] Compared to existing technologies, this embodiment eliminates multiple sets of sensing components and signal verification steps, solving the problems of complex structure and high hardware costs. By amplifying the displacement of the bearing part 21 through the lever design of the calibration crossbar 20, the deformation detection sensitivity is effectively improved. At the same time, the direction recognition is achieved by using the printer's own displacement system, overcoming the pain points of traditional mechanical limit switches that rely on manual operation, weak strain sensor signals, and insufficient compatibility with vision or encoder solutions. This ensures both calibration accuracy and application efficiency.

[0085] In one specific design, the calibration rod 10 adopts a linear structure and is set vertically, whose structural characteristics provide a fundamental guarantee for calibration accuracy. The linear design minimizes cumulative errors during assembly, ensuring the spatial stability of the first calibration surface 11 and the second calibration surface 12. This maintains a stable and precise control plane contact posture when the nozzle touches the surface, avoiding detection offset caused by rod bending or tilting, and ensuring the reliability of positional accuracy from the structural source.

[0086] Furthermore, the calibration rod 10 can be a rod with a circular cross-section, wherein one end is provided with two mutually perpendicular first calibration surfaces 11 and second calibration surfaces 12; or, the calibration rod 10 can be a rod with a rectangular cross-section, wherein the two adjacent sides of the rectangle are the first calibration surface 11 and the second calibration surface 12.

[0087] In some alternative embodiments, to increase the accuracy and interchangeability of the calibration rod 10, the first calibration surface 11 and the second calibration surface 12 of the calibration rod 10 can be configured as two sets, with two first calibration surfaces 11 facing each other and two second calibration surfaces 12 facing each other, forming a cuboid with the four calibration surfaces perpendicular to each other. This configuration increases the possibilities for selecting calibration surfaces, and when the accuracy of the calibration rod 10 decreases, it can be calibrated using another set of calibration surfaces, thus extending the interchangeability and service life of the calibration rod 10.

[0088] In one specific scheme, the calibration crossbar 20 is a horizontally set bar, the first direction X is a horizontal plane or a direction parallel to the horizontal plane, and in the spatial direction of the additive manufacturing equipment, the first direction X is different from the horizontal and vertical reference directions of the additive manufacturing equipment.

[0089] In one specific design, the calibration crossbar 20 is configured with a straight structure, extending in the same direction as the first direction X, either horizontally or parallel to the horizontal plane. To ensure structural accuracy, its cross-section is typically designed with two planes, upper and lower, with the support portion 21 located in the upward-facing plane, providing the assembly position for the calibration vertical bar 10.

[0090] Furthermore, the two connecting ends 22 can be structures arranged vertically, parallel to the setting direction of the calibration rod 10. In this way, the force direction of the connecting ends 22 is consistent with the force direction of the calibration rod 10, which can effectively transmit the force to the deformable part 30.

[0091] See Figures 1 to 4 as well as Figure 7In some exemplary embodiments of this application, the calibration crossbar 20 includes two connecting arms 23, two connecting ends 22 are disposed at the first end of the connecting arm 23, the second end of the connecting arm 23 is fixedly connected to the bearing portion 21, and the two connecting arms 23 and the two connecting ends 22 are symmetrically arranged relative to the bearing portion 21.

[0092] In this type of embodiment, the connecting arm uses a span connection design to achieve efficient transmission of the lever arm, extending the force path. Combined with a symmetrical layout, this makes the force distribution on both connecting ends 22 more balanced. When the nozzles respectively touch the first and second calibration surfaces 12, this structure ensures that the deformation portion 31 produces equal deformation in opposite directions on both sides, fundamentally avoiding deformation deviations caused by uneven force on one side. This provides a stable benchmark for signal detection and significantly improves the consistency and reliability of the detection results.

[0093] Furthermore, the symmetrical structure enhances the symmetry of the lever amplification effect, with the deformations of the two connecting ends 22 exhibiting a precise inverse relationship and maintaining a high degree of consistency in the deformation amounts. This characteristic is reflected in the detection element 40 as a superposition effect of deformation amounts, enabling it to more sensitively capture subtle positional changes, thereby achieving more accurate feedback on the nozzle position. This design not only possesses the core advantages of simplified structure and improved sensitivity but also specifically addresses the detection deviations that are prone to occur in asymmetrical structures. Especially in scenarios involving multiple nozzles and high-frequency switching, it can stably adapt to the calibration requirements of different nozzles, providing a solid guarantee for the continuous and efficient operation of the equipment.

[0094] In one specific design, the connecting arm 23 is configured as a rod structure with a rectangular cross-section. One end of the rod is connected to the bearing part 21, and the other end is provided with two symmetrical rounded corners, with the axis of the rounded corners set in the vertical direction.

[0095] Furthermore, the two rounded corners can be joined together to form a semi-cylinder, the axis of which is perpendicular to the axis of the connecting end 22.

[0096] In some exemplary embodiments of this application, the first direction X intersects the intersection line of the first calibration surface 11 and the second calibration surface 12.

[0097] See Figure 4 In some exemplary embodiments of this application, the first direction X intersects perpendicularly with the line of intersection of the first calibration surface 11 and the second calibration surface 12.

[0098] In this type of embodiment, the first direction X intersects perpendicularly with the line of intersection of the two calibration surfaces and is within the angle range formed by the two calibration surfaces. When the nozzle touches either calibration surface, the force can be directly transmitted to the calibration crossbar 20 along the first direction X, fundamentally avoiding the generation of additional torque due to the offset of the point of application and transmission direction of the force, and ensuring the efficiency of force transmission and directional stability.

[0099] This mechanical path optimization ensures the linearity of force transmission, effectively reduces unexpected additional deformation interference, and enables the deformation of the deformation part 31 to more accurately reflect the actual force and position of the contact, thereby further improving the stability and accuracy of the signal output of the detection element 40. The deformation generated by each contact corresponds precisely to the actual position of the nozzle, providing a reliable data basis for subsequent calibration calculations.

[0100] Compared to existing technologies where detection errors are often caused by deviations in force transmission angles (such as strain sensor signal fluctuations and uneven stress on mechanical structures), this design enhances calibration accuracy while simplifying the structure through precise optimization of the mechanical path. Especially in scenarios with multiple nozzles and high-frequency switching, it can stably handle the contact characteristics of different nozzles, maintaining a consistent detection benchmark and meeting stringent requirements for calibration consistency.

[0101] In the above configuration, the angle between the first direction X and the first calibration surface 11 is complementary to the angle between the first direction X and the second calibration surface 12. The angle between the first direction X and the first calibration surface 11 can be 15° to 75°.

[0102] Furthermore, the angle between the first direction X and the first calibration surface 11 is, specifically, 30° to 60°.

[0103] Furthermore, the angle between the first direction X and the first calibration surface 11 can be 35 degrees, 36 degrees, 37 degrees, 38 degrees, 39 degrees, 40 degrees, 41 degrees, 42 degrees, 43 degrees, 44 degrees, 45 degrees, 46 degrees, 47 degrees, 48 ​​degrees, 49 degrees, 50 degrees, 51 degrees, 52 degrees, 53 degrees, 54 degrees, or 55 degrees, but is not limited to these.

[0104] See Figure 4 In some exemplary embodiments of this application, the first direction X has an angle of 45 degrees with the first calibration surface 11.

[0105] In this type of embodiment, the angle between the first direction X and the second calibration surface 12 is set to 45°. This symmetrical angle distribution allows the contact force of the nozzle in both directions to be uniformly converted into an equal amount of deformation of the deformation part 31, which fundamentally avoids the problem of insufficient signal sensitivity in one direction due to angle imbalance and further enhances the stability of detection.

[0106] The balanced design is more suitable for multi-nozzle rotation calibration scenarios: there may be slight differences in the contact force of different nozzles, and the symmetrical mechanical structure formed by the 45° angle can effectively offset the interference of this difference on the test results, ensuring that the calibration accuracy of multiple nozzles remains consistent, and providing a stable and reliable test benchmark for high-frequency switching scenarios.

[0107] From a system debugging perspective, the unified 45° angle parameter eliminates the need for direction-specific calibration steps. In existing technologies, if the angles in two directions are asymmetrical, the detection threshold needs to be adjusted separately to adapt to the deformation sensitivity in different directions. This design, however, achieves "one-time calibration for bidirectional detection" through angle symmetry, significantly simplifying the equipment debugging process and lowering the operational threshold. Furthermore, the 45° angle, as a balanced segmentation angle in a Cartesian coordinate system, naturally aligns with the orthogonal motion characteristics of the printer's own displacement system. The decomposition and synthesis of forces are more consistent with conventional motion control logic, significantly reducing conversion errors in signal processing and indirectly improving the final calibration accuracy of the position calibration.

[0108] In one specific embodiment, the projection of the support portion 21 onto the horizontal plane is square, and two connecting arms 23 are connected to two opposite corners of the support portion 21, with the sidewalls of both connecting arms 23 smoothly transitioning to the support portion 21. On the horizontal projection plane, the extending direction of the connecting arms 23 coincides with the diagonal of the support portion 21.

[0109] See Figure 6 In some exemplary embodiments of this application, two connecting areas 312 are respectively connected to opposite sides of the mounting area 311, and the included angle between the extending directions of the two connecting areas 312 is 180°. The ends of the two connecting areas 312 away from the mounting area 311 and facing the calibration crossbar 20 are respectively fixedly connected to the sides of the two connecting ends 22 away from the calibration vertical bar 10.

[0110] In this type of embodiment, two connection areas 312 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the mounting area 311 at a 180° angle. Together with the connection method of the connection end 22, they form a reverse force structure. When the nozzle touches different calibration surfaces, the two connection areas 312 will deform in completely opposite directions. This design, with its clear difference in deformation direction, allows the signal captured by the detection element 40 to directly distinguish the touch direction through positive and negative characteristics or fluctuation trends, such as which calibration surface the nozzle is touching. This further improves the intuitiveness and accuracy of position determination, fundamentally avoiding the signal confusion problem easily caused by a single deformation direction.

[0111] Meanwhile, the 180° symmetrical layout ensures the balance of deformation on both sides. Combined with the lever amplification effect of the connecting end 22, the deformation can maintain consistent sensitivity in reverse motion, which not only strengthens the overall stability of the structure but also improves the contrast of the detection signal. This effectively solves the technical defects of signal feature ambiguity and easy misjudgment in multi-directional detection, and provides a more stable and reliable mechanical feedback basis for accurate calibration.

[0112] In one specific design, the mounting area 311 is roughly circular, while the connecting area 312, which is adapted to the connecting arm 23, is arranged in a straight line.

[0113] Alternatively, the two connection areas 312 can also take other forms, as long as the structure is centrally symmetrical.

[0114] See Figure 5 and Figure 7 In some exemplary embodiments of this application, a boss 221 is provided on the side of the connecting end 22 away from the calibration vertical rod 10. The boss 221 abuts against the side of the connecting area 312 facing the calibration vertical rod 10. There is a gap between the area on the calibration horizontal rod 20 other than the two connecting ends 22 and the deformable part 30.

[0115] In this type of embodiment, the protrusion 221 of the connecting end 22 and the connecting area 312 adopt an abutting design, which precisely limits the force transmission point to both ends. By using the lever arm principle, the effect of the force on the deformation part 31 is further amplified, making the deformation signal clearer and improving the sensitivity of the detection element 40 to capture tiny touches. This effectively solves the problem of weak signal caused by force transmission dispersion.

[0116] Meanwhile, the gap design between the calibration crossbar 20 and the deformable part 30 effectively avoids interference from unnecessary contact in non-connected areas on the force transmission path, ensuring that the force is efficiently transmitted to the deformable part 31 along the preset direction, reducing signal noise and errors. This design not only improves the stability and accuracy of position detection, but also achieves the dual goals of structural simplification and performance optimization without increasing additional hardware costs.

[0117] In one specific design, the radial dimension of the boss 221 gradually decreases along the direction close to the connection area 312, thereby gradually reducing the contact area, concentrating the force transmission, and improving the corresponding detection accuracy.

[0118] The boss 221 can be a frustum of a cone or a frustum of a trapezoid.

[0119] See Figure 3 , Figure 4 as well as Figure 6 In some exemplary embodiments of this application, the mounting area 311 is provided with a filling groove 313, the detection element 40 is disposed on the side of the mounting area 311 opposite to the calibration crossbar 20, and at least part of the adhesive material for fixing the detection element 40 is located in the filling groove 313.

[0120] In this type of embodiment, by embedding a portion of the adhesive material into the filling groove 313, a three-dimensional composite structure is formed, consisting of planar bonding and vertical groove filling. Compared to simple planar bonding, this design significantly increases the adhesive contact area. At the same time, the mechanical interlocking effect between the groove and the filling material enhances the connection strength, fundamentally preventing the detection component 40 from loosening or shifting during repeated deformation of the deformation part 31, thus providing a structural foundation for long-term stable operation.

[0121] Meanwhile, this stable bonding and fixing method eliminates the need for fastener connections, removes the interference of rigid connectors on the natural deformation of the deformation part 31, and ensures that the subtle deformation of the deformation part 31 can be completely and accurately captured by the detection component 40. This provides a solid structural guarantee for stable and accurate signal output and further improves the long-term stability and detection accuracy of the calibration device.

[0122] This design precisely addresses the dual pain points of traditional solutions: it avoids the loss of deformation accuracy caused by fastener fixation, and overcomes the defect that simple flat adhesive is prone to falling off due to repeated deformation, thus achieving a balance between structural reliability and detection accuracy.

[0123] In one specific design, there can be multiple filling grooves 313, which are used to form multiple connection points at different locations to ensure the connection stability of the test piece 40.

[0124] The filling groove 313 can be set as an arc-shaped groove around the axis of the mounting area 311. The arc-shaped groove can form double-sided abutment of the inner and outer walls on the inner wall of the groove. With the setting of multiple positions, a circumferentially expanding adhesive stress can be formed, which further maintains the bonding stability of the test piece 40.

[0125] See Figure 3 , Figure 4 as well as Figure 6 In some exemplary embodiments of this application, the deformable member 30 is further provided with an assembly part 32 surrounding the deformable part 31, and a plurality of fixing parts 33 are provided between the assembly part 32 and the mounting area 311. The plurality of fixing parts 33 and the two connecting areas 312 are centrally symmetrically arranged.

[0126] In this type of embodiment, the fixing part 33 and the two connecting areas 312 are designed with a central symmetry, which can evenly distribute the stress borne by the deformable part 31 to the assembly part 32, avoid fatigue damage to the deformable part 31 caused by local stress concentration, and extend the long-term reliability of the device. The assembly part 32 provides a stable reference constraint for the deformable part 31 through a surrounding support structure, preventing it from shifting or shaking during repeated stress, and further enhancing the structural stability.

[0127] From the perspective of deformation consistency, the central symmetry design ensures that the deformation of the two connecting areas 312 always maintains a precise correspondence. When the nozzle touches different calibration surfaces, the deformation amplitude and direction of the connecting areas 312 on both sides can strictly follow the mechanical transmission law of the lever principle, avoiding deformation deviation caused by structural asymmetry. This ensures that the signal captured by the detection element 40 is highly consistent with the actual position information of the nozzle, effectively improving calibration accuracy.

[0128] Compared to strain gauge sensors, which often suffer from signal fluctuations due to structural asymmetry, this design significantly reduces the interference of mechanical errors on the detection results through a symmetrical layout. In calibration scenarios involving frequent replacement of multiple nozzles, it consistently ensures the consistency of each test, avoiding the pain point of accuracy degradation caused by accumulated structural deformation over long-term use. Furthermore, the symmetrical structure simplifies the calibration and compensation process during later maintenance, ensuring both stability and ease of use.

[0129] See Figure 6 In some exemplary embodiments of this application, there are two fixing parts 33, and the two fixing parts 33 and the two connecting areas 312 are arranged alternately around the center position of the mounting area 311, and the deformable part 30 is an integral structure.

[0130] In this type of embodiment, when the nozzle touches the calibration surface and generates force, the stress can be evenly distributed to the fixing part 33 through the connection area 312 to form a balanced force flow distribution, avoiding deformation deviation or structural damage caused by unilateral force, and ensuring that the deformation part 31 always outputs a stable deformation during the reciprocating deformation process, providing a highly consistent signal reference for the detection element 40.

[0131] The alternating arrangement of the fixing part 33 and the connecting area 312, combined with the integrated structural design of the deformable component 30, further enhances the structural stability and practical value of the device through the synergistic optimization of spatial layout and structural form. This design precisely solves the detection error problems such as stress concentration and deformation deviation caused by structural asymmetry in traditional solutions, making force transmission and deformation response more consistent with the theoretical mechanical model.

[0132] The integrated structure can significantly improve processing and assembly efficiency, eliminating the need for multi-part splicing processes. The deformable part 30 can be manufactured through a one-time molding process, which reduces the cumulative assembly error, ensures the positional accuracy of the connection area 312, the fixing part 33 and the mounting area 311, and avoids force transmission loss caused by looseness or gaps between parts. Furthermore, the integrated structure ensures that the force generated by the nozzle contact can be completely transmitted to the deformable part 31, keeping the detection sensitivity stable over a long period of time and providing solid support for high-frequency and high-precision calibration requirements.

[0133] See Figure 1 In some exemplary embodiments of this application, the calibration device further includes a cover 50, which is detachably fixedly connected to the assembly part 32. An opening 55 is provided on the side of the cover 50 away from the assembly part 32, and a receiving cavity is formed between the cover 50 and the deformable part 30. The calibration crossbar 20 is located inside the receiving cavity, and the calibration vertical bar 10 passes through the opening 55 at least partially and is located outside the receiving cavity.

[0134] In this type of embodiment, the detachable connection design between the cover 50 and the assembly part 32 demonstrates a balance between functionality and practicality: it effectively protects core components such as the calibration crossbar 20 and the deformable part 30 through the closed structure, while also providing a convenient path for component replacement and cleaning operations during later maintenance, thus avoiding mutual constraints between protection and maintenance.

[0135] The enclosure formed by the cover 50 and the assembly part 32 can precisely isolate dust, debris, and other impurities in the equipment's operating environment, preventing them from adhering to the deformation part 31 or the connection end 22. Once these contaminants intrude, they can easily interfere with the force transmission path or hinder the deformation response, leading to calibration signal drift and increased detection errors. This design solves the problem of accuracy degradation caused by the intrusion of external contaminants, providing a clean environment for the stable operation of core components.

[0136] The opening 55 of the housing 50 achieves a precise match between function and protection: it ensures that the calibration rod 10 can extend normally to complete the nozzle touch calibration, while minimizing the connection area between the internal space and the outside, further reducing the probability of impurity intrusion. This design enables the calibration device to maintain stable mechanical performance and detection accuracy in the complex working conditions of additive manufacturing equipment (such as powder splashing, consumable residue, etc.), significantly extending the equipment maintenance cycle and indirectly improving the continuous operation efficiency in multi-nozzle replacement scenarios.

[0137] Compared to solutions without protective structures, this design enhances the system's anti-interference capability and long-term reliability through layered protection logic (closed containment cavity + precise opening 55), providing a continuous and stable structural guarantee for high-frequency, high-precision calibration requirements.

[0138] See Figure 1 In some exemplary embodiments of this application, the cover 50 includes a first reinforcing part 51, a second reinforcing part 52, a first mounting position 53, and a second mounting position 54. The first reinforcing part 51 is located on the side of the calibration vertical rod 10 away from the first calibration surface 11, the second reinforcing part 52 is located on the side of the calibration vertical rod 10 away from the second calibration surface 12, the first mounting position 53 is located on the side of the first reinforcing part 51 away from the calibration vertical rod 10, and the second mounting position 54 is located on the side of the second reinforcing part 52 away from the calibration vertical rod 10. The first mounting position 53 and the second mounting position 54 are used to connect the main body of the additive manufacturing equipment.

[0139] In this type of embodiment, the arrangement of the first mounting position 53 and the second mounting position 54 establishes a standardized assembly benchmark for the connection between the calibration device and the main body of the additive manufacturing equipment. Its clearly defined positioning interface not only ensures precise alignment during device installation but also simplifies the assembly process, enabling stable connection without complex alignment adjustments. This significantly reduces calibration accuracy loss due to installation deviations and provides a reliable initial position benchmark for subsequent testing.

[0140] The first reinforcing part 51 and the second reinforcing part 52 are respectively arranged on both sides of the calibration vertical rod 10. By specifically strengthening the structural rigidity of the connection part of the cover 50, they effectively resist external impacts during installation and use. This design not only improves the deformation resistance of the cover 50 itself, but also enhances the stability of the connection with the main body of the equipment, fundamentally avoiding the displacement of the calibration device caused by loose connection during long-term use, thus laying a solid foundation for the relative position stability of the core components.

[0141] The reinforced design further enhances the buffering and diversion functions of force: when the nozzle impacts the calibration surface, the reinforced section disperses the force transmitted to the connection point, preventing changes in the overall positional accuracy of the device caused by concentrated force. By extending the force transmission path and reducing the impact on the connection point between the mounting position and the main body of the equipment, it ensures that core components such as the calibration vertical rod 10 and calibration horizontal rod 20 always maintain the preset relative positional relationship, providing structural protection for continuous and accurate position detection and further optimizing calibration reliability in scenarios with multiple nozzles and high-frequency replacement.

[0142] See Figure 5 In some exemplary embodiments of this application, the bearing part 21 is provided with a first mounting hole 211, the calibration vertical rod 10 is provided with a second mounting hole 13, the first mounting hole 211 and the second mounting hole 13 are aligned and installed, the connecting arm 23 is provided with a cavity 231 on the side facing the deformable part 30, and the inlet end of the second mounting hole 13 is connected to the cavity 231.

[0143] In this type of embodiment, the alignment and installation design of the first mounting hole 211 and the second mounting hole 13 achieves a rigid connection between the bearing part 21 and the calibration vertical rod 10 through precise hole matching. This rigid connection characteristic ensures that the force generated when the nozzle touches the calibration surface can be efficiently transmitted to the connecting arm 23 along a preset path, avoiding force transmission attenuation or directional deviation caused by loose connection. This lays a solid structural foundation for the stable performance of the lever amplification effect and ensures the accuracy of position detection from the source of force transmission.

[0144] The inner cavity 231 of the connecting arm 23 ensures the overall rigidity of the connecting arm 23 to achieve reliable torque transmission, while achieving lightweight optimization through the hollow structure: on the one hand, it significantly reduces the self-weight of the component, reduces the interference of its own motion inertia on the equipment displacement system, and improves the response sensitivity of displacement control; on the other hand, it reduces the load on the connecting structure during long-term use, delays component fatigue aging, and effectively extends the service life of the device.

[0145] Furthermore, the design of connecting the inlet end of the second assembly hole 13 with the cavity 231 demonstrates the synergistic advantages of structure and practicality: the cavity 231 provides ample operating space for the assembly tools, facilitating quick completion of hole alignment and installation operations; at the same time, it avoids interference of the solid structure with the assembly tools, improving assembly efficiency while enhancing the compactness of the overall structure through space reuse, enabling the device to maximize its function within a limited space.

[0146] See Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some exemplary embodiments of this application, the detection element 40 is a sheet structure, the deformation element 30 is a plate structure, the detection element 40 and the deformation element 30 are attached together, and the detection element 40 is a strain sensor or a piezoelectric ceramic.

[0147] In this type of embodiment, the mounting design of the sheet-like detection element 40 and the plate-like deformable element 30 achieves a tight fit due to the high compatibility of their structural forms, eliminating signal delay or distortion problems that may be caused by assembly gaps. This gapless fit ensures that the minute deformation of the deformable part 31 can be completely transmitted to the detection element 40, laying a solid structural foundation for high-precision position detection.

[0148] When strain sensors or piezoelectric ceramics are selected as the detection element 40, their characteristics are precisely matched with the calibration requirements: strain sensors have outstanding sensitivity to small deformations and can accurately capture the minute deformations amplified by levers, perfectly meeting the stringent position accuracy requirements of the calibration device; piezoelectric ceramics have the advantages of fast response speed and strong output signal, and can provide real-time feedback on the dynamic deformation process, significantly improving the calibration efficiency in multi-nozzle switching scenarios.

[0149] Both components adopt a sheet structure, which does not require additional fasteners for fixation during mounting. This avoids interference from mechanical connections on deformation transmission and achieves lightweight and compact structure of the device through shape adaptation. The collaborative optimization from material selection to assembly design further enhances the detection stability and scene adaptability of the system.

[0150] See Figure 8 In some exemplary embodiments of this application, the first direction X intersects both the first calibration surface 11 and the second calibration surface 12.

[0151] In this type of embodiment, addressing the pain point of existing technologies requiring complex signal comparison to determine the touch direction, the structural design where the first direction X intersects with both the first and second calibration surfaces 12 simultaneously exhibits significant advantages: when the nozzle touches the two calibration surfaces respectively, it causes the two connecting ends 22 to produce opposite deformation trends, for example, one end bends downwards and the other end tilts upwards. This reverse deformation characteristic makes the signals captured by the detection element 40 show obvious differences, allowing direct determination of the touch direction without the need for an additional signal analysis module. Combined with the printer's own displacement data, precise nozzle positioning can be achieved.

[0152] Meanwhile, the reciprocating deformation conversion, i.e., the alternating deformation direction when in contact with different calibration surfaces, can reduce the cumulative fatigue caused by unidirectional continuous force on the deformation part 31, reduce detection deviation after long-term use, and extend the stable operating life of the device. Compared with the problem of signal attenuation caused by unidirectional deformation in strain sensor solutions, this design further improves the accuracy and reliability of position calibration while maintaining detection sensitivity, and is especially suitable for continuous calibration requirements in multi-nozzle high-frequency switching scenarios.

[0153] See Figure 8 In some exemplary embodiments of this application, in the projection onto the horizontal plane, the projection of the line containing the first direction X, the projection of the first calibration surface 11, and the projection of the second calibration surface 12 form an isosceles right triangle.

[0154] In this type of embodiment, the first direction X and the projections of the two calibration surfaces form an isosceles right triangle. Through a precise 45-degree symmetrical angle, a balanced force transmission structure and a symmetrical signal feedback mechanism are constructed. When the nozzle contacts the first and second calibration surfaces 12 at the same speed, the components of the force along the first direction X are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, which can stably drive the deformation component 30 to produce an equal and opposite deformation response.

[0155] This symmetrical deformation characteristic brings multiple advantages: on the one hand, the detection component 40 can clearly distinguish the touch direction through signal differences, greatly reducing the risk of misjudgment of direction; on the other hand, it makes the calibration data of the two directions directly comparable, reducing the accumulation of systematic errors from the source.

[0156] Compared to problems such as large deformation differences and difficulty in signal comparison caused by angular asymmetry, this design can achieve high-precision bidirectional calibration without relying on complex algorithms for error compensation. This not only improves detection stability and efficiency, but also simplifies signal processing logic and lowers the technical threshold for system integration.

[0157] In some exemplary embodiments of this application, an additive manufacturing apparatus is provided, which includes a calibration device as described in any of the above embodiments, a plurality of replaceable nozzles, and a processor. The calibration device is used to calibrate the nozzles before and after nozzle replacement. The calibration device outputs a signal to the processor, and the processor calibrates and compensates the nozzles based on the output signal.

[0158] This additive manufacturing equipment integrates the aforementioned calibration device, replaceable multi-nozzle units, and a processor to form a closed-loop calibration system suitable for multi-nozzle scenarios, improving the equipment's practicality and reliability. Leveraging the calibration device's precise detection capabilities before and after nozzle replacement, combined with the processor's real-time analysis and compensation of the output signal, automated calibration after multiple nozzle replacements is achieved. This completely eliminates the cumbersome process of traditional manual calibration, significantly shortens the debugging time after nozzle replacement, and improves calibration efficiency.

[0159] Among the above solutions, the additive manufacturing equipment stands out for its ease of operation. It eliminates the need for complex manual debugging processes; after nozzle replacement, the calibration program is automatically triggered. The processor enables real-time signal reception and compensation calculation, significantly lowering the barrier to manual operation and reducing calibration errors caused by human error. It boasts excellent adaptability, compatible with various types of replaceable nozzles, eliminating the need to readjust the device structure for different nozzles and significantly improving the switching efficiency of the equipment in multi-material and multi-process printing scenarios. Calibration response is rapid; thanks to a highly sensitive deformation detection and signal transmission mechanism, a complete calibration can be completed in a short time, effectively shortening downtime after nozzle replacement and improving overall equipment operating efficiency. Fourthly, maintenance costs are low; the modular design of each component and the excellent wear resistance and fatigue resistance of the core detection components and deformation structure mean that frequent replacement of vulnerable parts is unnecessary during long-term use, reducing equipment maintenance investment. Fifthly, it exhibits good environmental adaptability; with the protective design of the 50mm enclosure, it can maintain stable calibration accuracy in industrial environments with dust and temperature fluctuations, ensuring the continuity and reliability of the additive manufacturing process.

[0160] In a specific scenario, when the additive manufacturing equipment needs to replace a nozzle, the processor issues a command to control the displacement device of the additive manufacturing equipment to drive the first nozzle before replacement to perform a reference measurement. First, the first nozzle is cleaned to reduce other factors that may affect its positional accuracy. Then, the current detection value of the detection component 40 is measured and fed back to the processor. Then, the displacement device drives the first nozzle to move at a constant low speed, touching the first calibration surface 11 and the second calibration surface 12 respectively. The constant low speed displacement is maintained during contact until the detection component 40 generates a signal and stops. The signal is fed back to the processor, which records the displacement amount of the additive manufacturing equipment and the signal generation time. The processor then obtains the position information of the first nozzle.

[0161] The processor then controls the replacement of the nozzle, completing the assembly of the second nozzle.

[0162] The processor controls the displacement device of the additive manufacturing equipment to drive the second nozzle to perform reference measurement. First, the current detection value of the detection piece 40 is measured and fed back to the processor. Then, the displacement device inside the additive manufacturing equipment drives the second nozzle to move at a constant low speed, touching the first calibration surface 11 and the second calibration surface 12 respectively. The constant low speed displacement is maintained during contact until the detection piece 40 generates a signal and then stops. The signal is fed back to the processor, which records the displacement amount of the additive manufacturing equipment and the signal generation time. The processor then obtains the position information of the second nozzle.

[0163] Subsequently, the processor of the additive manufacturing equipment calculates the absolute offset and direction based on the position information of the first nozzle, the position information of the second nozzle, the structural dimensions of the first nozzle, and the structural dimensions of the second nozzle, and compensates for the position of the second nozzle based on the results of the absolute offset and direction.

[0164] Alternatively, in the above steps, before determining the current detection value of the detection piece 40, the second nozzle can be cleaned to reduce the impact of dust, debris, etc. on the positional accuracy.

[0165] It should be understood that this application is not limited to the detailed structure and arrangement of the components proposed in this application. This application can have other embodiments and can be implemented and executed in various ways. The foregoing variations and modifications fall within the scope of this application. It should be understood that the disclosure and definition of this application extends to all alternative combinations of two or more individual features mentioned or apparent in the text and / or drawings. All these different combinations constitute multiple alternative aspects of this application. The embodiments described in this application illustrate the best known mode for implementing this application and will enable those skilled in the art to utilize this application.

Claims

1. A calibration device for additive manufacturing equipment, characterized in that, The calibration device includes: A calibration vertical rod, wherein the calibration vertical rod is provided with a first calibration surface and a second calibration surface that are perpendicular to each other; A calibration crossbar is provided with a bearing portion and two connecting ends located on both sides of the bearing portion, and a calibration vertical bar is fixedly connected to the bearing portion; A deformable component, comprising a deformable part, the deformable part including a mounting area and connecting areas on both sides of the mounting area, the two connecting areas being fixedly connected to two connecting ends respectively, each connecting end capable of causing the deformable part to bend and deform; and A detection element is disposed in the mounting area, and the detection element is used to detect the deformation of the deformed part and output a signal. The calibration crossbar extends along a first direction, and the first direction has an angle greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees with both the first calibration surface and the second calibration surface.

2. The calibration device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calibration crossbar includes two connecting arms, with two connecting ends disposed at the first end of each connecting arm. The second end of each connecting arm is fixedly connected to the bearing portion, and the two connecting arms and the two connecting ends are symmetrically arranged.

3. The calibration device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first direction intersects perpendicularly with the line of intersection of the first calibration surface and the second calibration surface.

4. The calibration device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first direction has an angle of 45° with the first calibration surface.

5. The calibration device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first direction intersects both the first calibration surface and the second calibration surface.

6. The calibration apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the projection onto the horizontal plane, the projection of the line containing the first direction, the projection of the first calibration plane, and the projection of the second calibration plane form an isosceles right triangle.

7. The calibration apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two connecting areas are respectively connected to the opposite sides of the mounting area, and the included angle between the extending directions of the two connecting areas is 180°. The side of the two connecting areas away from the mounting area and facing the calibration crossbar is respectively fixedly connected to the side of the two connecting ends away from the calibration vertical bar.

8. The calibration apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, A boss is provided on the side of the connecting end away from the calibration vertical rod. The boss abuts against the side of the connecting area facing the calibration vertical rod. There is a gap between the deformable part and the area on the calibration horizontal rod other than the two connecting ends.

9. The calibration apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The installation area is provided with a filling groove, the detection element is disposed on the side of the installation area opposite to the calibration crossbar, and at least part of the adhesive material used to fix the detection element is located in the filling groove.

10. The calibration apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The deformable component is further provided with an assembly portion surrounding the deformable part, and a plurality of fixing portions are provided between the assembly portion and the mounting area, and the plurality of fixing portions and the two connecting areas are centrally symmetrically arranged.

11. The calibration apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that, There are two fixing parts, and the two fixing parts and the two connecting areas are arranged alternately around the center position of the mounting area, and the deformable part is an integral structure.

12. The calibration apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that, The calibration device further includes a cover, which is detachably fixed to the assembly part. The cover has an opening on the side away from the assembly part, and a receiving cavity is formed between the cover and the deformable part. The calibration crossbar is located inside the receiving cavity, and the calibration vertical bar passes through the opening at least partially outside the receiving cavity.

13. The calibration apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that, The cover includes a first reinforcing part, a second reinforcing part, a first mounting position, and a second mounting position. The first reinforcing part is located on the side of the calibration vertical rod away from the first calibration surface, the second reinforcing part is located on the side of the calibration vertical rod away from the second calibration surface, the first mounting position is located on the side of the first reinforcing part away from the calibration vertical rod, and the second mounting position is located on the side of the second reinforcing part away from the calibration vertical rod. The first mounting position and the second mounting position are used to connect the main body of the additive manufacturing equipment.

14. The calibration apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bearing portion is provided with a first mounting hole, and the calibration vertical rod is provided with a second mounting hole. The first mounting hole and the second mounting hole are aligned and installed. The side of the connecting arm facing the deformed part is provided with a cavity, and the inlet end of the second mounting hole is connected to the cavity.

15. The calibration apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection element is a sheet-like structure, the deformation element is a plate-like structure, the detection element is attached to the deformation element, and the detection element is a strain sensor or a piezoelectric ceramic.

16. An additive manufacturing apparatus, characterized in that, The additive manufacturing equipment includes a calibration device as described in any one of claims 1 to 15, a plurality of replaceable nozzles, and a processor. The calibration device is used to calibrate the nozzles before and after replacement. The calibration device outputs a signal to the processor, and the processor calibrates and compensates the nozzles based on the output signal.

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