System, battery and vehicle for high voltage circuit protection

Abstract

The utility model belongs to new energy automobile technical field provides the system, battery and vehicle for high pressure loop protection, wherein the system includes intelligent sensor, current sensor, explosion fuse and air bag module, the built -in chip of intelligent sensor, the chip includes the conversion module and management module of electric connection, the conversion module is used to obtain the current value of high pressure loop and judges whether the overcurrent, the management module is connected with explosion fuse, current sensor is connected with the conversion module, air bag module is connected with explosion fuse, drives explosion fuse work when the collision, the utility model discloses the current sensor gathers high pressure loop current, drives explosion fuse fast cut -off loop after intelligent sensor analysis, safe and efficient, double redundancy framework is matched with two independent signal paths, avoids protection failure, reduces misjudgment, energy storage capacitor 200ms above continuous power supply, still can complete cut -off operation under the chip power failure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of new energy vehicle technology, and specifically relates to a system, battery and vehicle for high-voltage circuit protection. Background Technology

[0002] The safety of power batteries has always been one of the core challenges for new energy vehicles and energy storage systems. With the rapid development of new energy vehicles and energy storage systems, the safety of power batteries has become a critical issue. Battery packs are prone to thermal runaway under conditions of overcurrent and collisions, leading to a sharp rise in battery temperature and even causing fires or explosions. In current technologies, thermal runaway protection for battery packs is mostly based on passive safety designs, which have poor protection performance and cannot effectively prevent and control the occurrence of thermal runaway.

[0003] The main methods for disconnecting the high-voltage circuit in the event of an internal short circuit or collision are as follows: 1. Disconnection via the main positive and main negative relays of the power battery has the disadvantage of long disconnection time and inability to disconnect the high-voltage circuit when the relays stick together.

[0004] 2. Using a fuse (traditional fuse) has the disadvantage of a slow response speed. Utility Model Content

[0005] To address the problems in the background art, this utility model proposes a system, battery, and vehicle for high-voltage circuit protection.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: This utility model provides a system for high-voltage circuit protection, including a smart sensor, a current sensor, an explosion fuse, and an airbag module; The smart sensor has a built-in chip, which includes an electrically connected conversion module and a management module. The conversion module is used to acquire the current value of the high-voltage circuit and determine whether there is an overcurrent, and then transmits the overcurrent current value to the management module. The management module is electrically connected to the explosive fuse and is used to drive the explosive fuse to operate in case of overcurrent. The current sensor is electrically connected to the conversion module to acquire the current value of the high-voltage circuit and feed it back to the conversion module; The airbag module is electrically connected to the detonation fuse to monitor the vehicle's collision status in real time and to activate the detonation fuse during a collision.

[0007] Furthermore, the conversion module includes a first analog-to-digital converter and a second analog-to-digital converter; The first analog-to-digital converter is electrically connected to the current sensor and the management module respectively; The second analog-to-digital converter is electrically connected to both the current sensor and the management module.

[0008] Furthermore, the management module includes a main event manager and a secondary event manager that are electrically connected; The main event manager is connected to the first analog-to-digital converter and is used to compare the overcurrent value with the configured internal short-circuit current threshold. If the overcurrent value is greater than the internal short-circuit threshold, an internal short-circuit event is confirmed and sent to the secondary event manager for confirmation. The secondary event manager is connected to both the second analog-to-digital converter and the main event manager. It is used to compare the overcurrent value with the configured internal short-circuit current threshold. If the overcurrent value is greater than the internal short-circuit threshold, an internal short-circuit event is confirmed and fed back to the main event manager.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes a main drive controller and a secondary drive controller; The main drive controller is electrically connected to the main event manager and the explosion fuse respectively, and is used to drive the explosion fuse to work after both the main event manager and the sub-event manager confirm that an internal short circuit event has occurred. The secondary drive controller is electrically connected to the secondary event manager and the explosion fuse respectively, and is used to drive the explosion fuse to work after both the primary event manager and the secondary event manager confirm that an internal short circuit event has occurred.

[0010] Furthermore, both the main drive controller and the secondary drive controller are electrically connected to the same energy storage capacitor, which is used to supply power to the main drive controller and the secondary drive controller when the low-voltage power supply of the chip is abnormal.

[0011] Furthermore, the operating time of the energy storage capacitor is ≥200ms.

[0012] Furthermore, both the first and second analog-to-digital converters have a resolution of 16 bits and a sampling frequency of 125 kHz.

[0013] This utility model also provides a battery that uses the above-described system for high-voltage circuit protection.

[0014] This utility model also provides a vehicle that integrates the above-mentioned system for high-voltage circuit protection.

[0015] Furthermore, the vehicles are pure electric vehicles, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, or hybrid vehicles.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this utility model are: 1. This utility model uses a current sensor to collect the current in the high-voltage circuit, analyzes it through an intelligent sensor, and finally issues a control command to cut off the explosion fuse. This process is fast and safer and more efficient. 2. This utility model uses an explosive fuse, which is safer, has a faster response, and can quickly cut off the high-voltage circuit; 3. The first conversion module, the second analog-to-digital converter, the main / secondary event manager, and the main / secondary drive controller of this utility model all adopt a dual redundancy architecture, with two independent signal acquisition and processing paths, which effectively avoids protection failure caused by single component failure or line breakage, helps to reduce the false judgment rate, and ensures the stable operation of the system. 4. The energy storage capacitor of this utility model solves the problem of drive power supply when the low voltage power supply is abnormal. Its continuous power supply capability of more than 200ms ensures that the high voltage circuit can still be cut off under extreme power supply failure.

[0017] Other features and advantages of this invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objectives and other advantages of this invention can be realized and obtained through the structures pointed out in the description and the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 A structural diagram of a system for high-voltage circuit protection according to this invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, this is a system for high-voltage circuit protection, which mainly includes intelligent sensors, current sensors, explosion fuses, and airbag modules. These components work together to achieve comprehensive protection of the high-voltage circuit.

[0022] The intelligent sensor serves as the system's control unit, housing an integrated chip containing an electrically connected conversion module and a management module. These modules respectively handle signal acquisition and conversion, and logical judgment and control. A current sensor, electrically connected to the conversion module, is specifically designed to acquire current signals in the high-voltage circuit in real time and accurately feed back the acquired current values ​​to the conversion module, providing raw data support for subsequent overcurrent detection. The explosive fuse, acting as the high-voltage circuit cut-off actuator, is electrically connected to both the intelligent sensor's management module and the airbag module. It can quickly cut off the high-voltage circuit when trigger conditions are met, preventing the spread of danger. The airbag module monitors the vehicle's collision status in real time. When a collision is detected, it directly activates the explosive fuse, achieving emergency cut-off of the high-voltage circuit in the collision scenario.

[0023] Furthermore, the conversion module adopts a dual redundancy design, specifically including a first analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a second ADC, both of which are electrically connected to the current sensor and the management module. This dual ADC structure can simultaneously and independently convert the current signal acquired by the current sensor, transforming the current pulse signal into a discrete digital signal. The current signal passes through two parallel signal conversion paths, effectively avoiding signal loss or distortion caused by the failure of a single converter, thus improving the reliability and accuracy of the signal conversion. This embodiment does not limit the type of ADC; for example, in... Figure 1 Both the first and second analog-to-digital converters in the system are designed with 16-bit resolution and a sampling frequency of up to 125 kHz.

[0024] Furthermore, the management module and conversion module are adapted to each other, also adopting a dual redundancy architecture, including a main event manager and a secondary event manager that are electrically connected to each other.

[0025] Specifically, the event manager is connected to the first analog-to-digital converter and receives the current signal converted by the first analog-to-digital converter. It can compare the current signal with the internal short-circuit current threshold pre-configured by the system. If the detected overcurrent value is greater than the internal short-circuit current threshold, it determines that an internal short-circuit event has occurred and sends the determination result to the sub-event manager for secondary confirmation.

[0026] In addition, the secondary event manager is connected to the second analog-to-digital converter and the main event manager respectively. On the one hand, it receives the current signal converted by the second analog-to-digital converter and compares it with the internal short-circuit current threshold. If the overcurrent condition is met, the internal short-circuit event is confirmed. On the other hand, it receives the judgment result of the main event manager. The two-way confirmation mechanism ensures the accuracy of the internal short-circuit event judgment and avoids protection failure or false triggering caused by misjudgment by a single manager.

[0027] It should be noted that, in Figure 1The main event manager and the secondary event manager can exchange information, enabling the sending and receiving of parallel instances.

[0028] The system is also equipped with a main drive controller and a secondary drive controller, which together constitute a dual-drive execution unit. The main drive controller is electrically connected to both the main event manager and the explosive fuse, while the secondary drive controller is electrically connected to both the secondary event manager and the explosive fuse. Only when both the main and secondary event managers confirm an internal short-circuit event will the main and secondary drive controllers start synchronously and jointly drive the explosive fuse. This dual-drive path ensures reliable triggering of the explosive fuse and avoids execution failure caused by a single drive controller malfunction. This embodiment does not limit the specific connection method between the drive controller and the explosive fuse. For example, the main drive controller is connected to the explosive fuse via high-voltage and low-voltage lines, and the secondary active controller is connected similarly. Correspondingly, the positive terminal of the airbag module can be connected to the high-voltage line, and the negative terminal can be connected to the low-voltage line.

[0029] To address the issue of abnormal low-voltage power supply to the chip, both the main drive controller and the secondary drive controller are electrically connected to the same energy storage capacitor. This energy storage capacitor is specifically designed to provide temporary power to the two drive controllers when the low-voltage power supply to the chip is interrupted. The energy storage capacitor is designed to operate for at least 200ms, which is sufficient to cover the power supply duration required for the explosive fuse to trigger. This ensures that even in scenarios with abnormal power supply, the drive controllers can still stably drive the explosive fuse to complete the high-voltage circuit disconnection operation, further enhancing the system's adaptability to extreme operating conditions.

[0030] Figure 1 The system operates primarily through two procedures: a high-voltage circuit overcurrent protection procedure and a vehicle collision protection procedure. The high-voltage circuit overcurrent protection procedure is as follows: S1: When an overcurrent occurs in the vehicle's high-voltage circuit, the current sensor collects the overcurrent signal in the circuit in real time and synchronously transmits the analog current signal to the first analog-to-digital converter and the second analog-to-digital converter, initiating a dual signal conversion and interactive confirmation process: S2a: After receiving the overcurrent analog signal transmitted by the current sensor, the first analog-to-digital converter performs high-precision digitization on the signal with 16-bit resolution and a sampling frequency of 125 kHz to obtain the corresponding digital current signal. Subsequently, the first analog-to-digital converter performs a preliminary comparison between the digital current signal and the internal short-circuit current threshold. If the current value corresponding to the digital current signal is detected to be greater than the internal short-circuit current threshold, it immediately determines that an "internal short-circuit event" is being sent and immediately sends the preliminary determination result (including the specific current value) synchronously to the main event manager and the second analog-to-digital converter to complete the preliminary determination and cross-converter interaction.

[0031] S2b: While receiving the overcurrent simulation signal from the current sensor, the second analog-to-digital converter (ADC) also receives the "internal short-circuit event" determination result sent by the first ADC. On one hand, the second ADC performs the same digital conversion (16-bit resolution, 125 kHz sampling frequency) on the overcurrent simulation signal as the first ADC, obtaining an independent digital current signal. On the other hand, it compares the digital current signal it converts with the internal short-circuit current threshold, and performs cross-verification with the current value transmitted by the first ADC. If the second ADC determines that the current value it converts is also greater than the internal short-circuit current threshold, it confirms that "an internal short-circuit event has indeed occurred," and synchronously feeds back this final confirmation result (including the current value it converts) to the secondary event manager and the first ADC, realizing bidirectional interactive confirmation between the two converters and eliminating the risk of misjudgment by a single converter.

[0032] S3: After receiving the "send internal short circuit event" determination result from the first analog-to-digital converter, the main event manager enters a standby state, waiting for the coordination signal from the secondary event manager. After receiving the "occurs internal short circuit event" confirmation result from the second analog-to-digital converter, the secondary event manager immediately sends the result to the main event manager. When the main event manager simultaneously obtains the preliminary determination from the first analog-to-digital converter and the final confirmation result from the second analog-to-digital converter forwarded by the secondary event manager, and the two results are consistent, the main event manager and the secondary event manager synchronously generate a "trigger drive" instruction.

[0033] S4: The main drive controller receives the "trigger drive" command from the main event manager, and the secondary drive controller receives the "trigger drive" command from the secondary event manager; both start synchronously. At this time, if the chip's low-voltage power supply is normal, the main and secondary drive controllers obtain power from the conventional power supply line; if the chip's low-voltage power supply is abnormal, the energy storage capacitor immediately releases energy to provide continuous power to the two drive controllers (guarantee duration ≥200ms). With stable power supply support, the main and secondary drive controllers jointly output drive signals to the explosion fuse, driving the internal actuator of the explosion fuse to operate, cutting off the high-voltage circuit, completely blocking the continuous excessive current caused by the internal short circuit, and preventing the expansion of dangers such as fire and electric shock.

[0034] The vehicle collision protection process is as follows: When a vehicle is in motion and a collision occurs, and the detected impact force reaches a preset collision trigger threshold, the airbag module directly sends a high-level drive signal to the detonation fuse without going through the signal conversion and event judgment process of the intelligent sensor. This drives the detonation fuse to quickly cut off the high-voltage circuit, preventing secondary electric shocks or short circuit fires caused by damage to the high-voltage system casing or exposed wiring after a collision. At the same time, it provides a high-voltage safety environment for the protection of occupants after the airbag deploys.

[0035] This embodiment discloses a battery that integrates the above-mentioned... Figure 1 The system used for high-voltage circuit protection in vehicles can achieve high-voltage safety protection at the battery level.

[0036] This embodiment discloses a vehicle that integrates the above-mentioned... Figure 1 This refers to a system used for high-voltage circuit protection in vehicles. The types of vehicles include, but are not limited to, new energy vehicles such as pure electric vehicles, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and hybrid vehicles.

[0037] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for high-voltage circuit protection, characterized in that, Includes smart sensors, current sensors, explosion fuses, and airbag modules; The smart sensor has a built-in chip, which includes an electrically connected conversion module and a management module. The conversion module is used to acquire the current value of the high-voltage circuit and determine whether there is an overcurrent, and then transmit the overcurrent value to the management module. The management module is electrically connected to the explosive fuse and is used to drive the explosive fuse to work in case of overcurrent. The current sensor is electrically connected to the conversion module and is used to acquire the current value of the high-voltage circuit and feed it back to the conversion module; The airbag module is electrically connected to the explosive fuse, and is used to monitor the vehicle collision status in real time and drive the explosive fuse to work during a collision.

2. The system for high-voltage circuit protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conversion module includes a first analog-to-digital converter and a second analog-to-digital converter; The first analog-to-digital converter is electrically connected to the current sensor and the management module respectively; The second analog-to-digital converter is electrically connected to the current sensor and the management module.

3. A system for high-voltage circuit protection according to claim 2, characterized in that, The management module includes a main event manager and a secondary event manager that are electrically connected. The main event manager is connected to the first analog-to-digital converter and is used to compare the overcurrent value with the configured internal short-circuit current threshold. If the overcurrent value is greater than the internal short-circuit threshold, an internal short-circuit event is confirmed and sent to the sub-event manager for confirmation. The secondary event manager is connected to the second analog-to-digital converter and the main event manager respectively. It is used to compare the overcurrent value with the configured internal short-circuit current threshold. If the overcurrent value is greater than the internal short-circuit threshold, an internal short-circuit event is confirmed and fed back to the main event manager.

4. A system for high-voltage circuit protection according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes the main drive controller and the secondary drive controller; The main drive controller is electrically connected to the main event manager and the explosive fuse respectively, and is used to drive the explosive fuse to work after both the main event manager and the sub-event manager confirm that an internal short circuit event has occurred. The secondary drive controller is electrically connected to the secondary event manager and the explosion fuse respectively, and is used to drive the explosion fuse to work after both the primary event manager and the secondary event manager confirm that an internal short circuit event has occurred.

5. A system for high-voltage circuit protection according to claim 4, characterized in that, Both the main drive controller and the secondary drive controller are electrically connected to the same energy storage capacitor, which is used to supply power to the main drive controller and the secondary drive controller when the low-voltage power supply of the chip is abnormal.

6. A system for high-voltage circuit protection according to claim 5, characterized in that, The operating time of the energy storage capacitor is ≥200ms.

7. A system for high-voltage circuit protection according to any one of claims 2-6, characterized in that, Both the first analog-to-digital converter and the second analog-to-digital converter have a resolution of 16 bits and a sampling frequency of 125 kHz.

8. A battery, characterized in that, The battery employs a system for high-voltage circuit protection as described in any one of claims 1-7.

9. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle integrates a system for high-voltage circuit protection as described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. The vehicle according to claim 9, characterized in that, The vehicle in question is a pure electric vehicle, a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, or a hybrid vehicle.

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