Buffered speed reducer disperser

Abstract

The application provides a buffering and speed-reducing disperser, which comprises a hollow intermediate disc, an edge ring corresponding to the lower part of the intermediate disc, a spacing between the intermediate disc and the edge ring, and a connector; the intermediate disc is inclined downward and gradually increases in size, the top of the intermediate disc is closed, the lower part of the intermediate disc is open, and a plurality of groups of intermediate disc round holes are arranged on the side wall of the intermediate disc; the edge ring is inclined downward and gradually decreases in size, the top and the lower part of the edge ring are both open, and a plurality of groups of edge ring round holes are arranged on the side wall of the edge ring; the application has less limitation on the shape and size of raw materials and has high adaptability; different sizes and shapes of raw materials can be ensured to stay in the optimal reaction temperature range for a sufficient time, so that the volatilization is fully released, the fixed carbon is fully reacted, and the waste of unreacted raw materials is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of internal components of gasifiers, specifically to a buffer deceleration disperser. Background Technology

[0002] Gasifiers are key equipment in chemical reaction processes, and the choice of furnace type in gasification processes affects the economics of the entire process and plays an important role in the overall plant operating efficiency.

[0003] After years of technological development, various types of gasifiers have been developed, including typical examples such as fixed-bed, entrained-flow, and fluidized-bed gasifiers. Among these, pulverized coal gasifiers offer high efficiency but require finely ground raw materials, necessitating carbonization for biomass feedstocks. Water-coal slurry entrained-flow gasifiers rely heavily on slurry formation characteristics, specifically slurry concentration, which affects gasification efficiency. For biomass gasification, the lower density of the slurry further complicates slurry formation. Circulating fluidized-bed gasifiers offer uniform flow, but also require high-quality raw material particle size. Furthermore, the need for partial gas recirculation reduces gasification efficiency, increases power consumption, and fails to adequately address the tar problem.

[0004] This application aims to achieve the technical effects of wide adaptability to raw materials, high gasification effect, and full decomposition of tar by setting up a buffer deceleration disperser. However, after a detailed search, no relevant technical solutions were found.

[0005] Therefore, a new technical solution is needed to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Utility Model Content

[0006] This application provides a buffer deceleration disperser, including a hollow intermediate disk, with an edge ring correspondingly disposed at the lower part of the intermediate disk, and a gap between the intermediate disk and the edge ring, which are connected by a connector; the intermediate disk is inclined downwards and gradually increases in size, with the top of the intermediate disk closed and the lower part of the intermediate disk open, and multiple sets of intermediate disk circular holes are formed on the side wall of the intermediate disk; the edge ring is inclined downwards and gradually decreases in size, with both the top and bottom of the edge ring open, and multiple sets of edge ring circular holes are formed on the side wall of the edge ring.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment, the diameter of the inner circle of the intermediate disk is 2 / 3 to 4 / 5 of the diameter of the top of the edge ring.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment, the circular holes in the intermediate disk are distributed in a gradient, increasing in size from top to bottom.

[0009] As a preferred option, the diameter of the circular hole in the intermediate disk is 5mm-30mm.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, the edge sidewall of the edge ring is provided with a transition arc on the side near the top.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, the angle between the edge sidewall and the central axis of the gasification chamber is 15°-75°.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the angle between the tangent of the transition arc on the side near the top and the central axis of the gasification chamber is 60°-85°.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, the edge annular holes are distributed in a gradient, increasing in size from top to bottom.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, the diameter of the top of the edge ring is equal to the inner diameter of the gasifier, and the diameter of the bottom of the edge ring is equal to 0.6-0.7 times the inner diameter of the intermediate disk.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment, the shape of the central disc's circular hole is at least one of a circle, an ellipse, or a plum blossom shape.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment, the shape of the edge ring hole is at least one of a circle, an ellipse, or a plum blossom shape.

[0017] This application has the following advantages: 1. The buffer deceleration disperser can break up lumpy, granular, or even irregularly shaped raw materials, preventing large pieces of raw materials from agglomerating or small pieces from piling up. No matter how large the initial size difference of the raw materials is, after buffering, they can be more evenly distributed in the gasification reaction zone, reducing uneven processing problems caused by large pieces getting stuck or small pieces gathering. Therefore, it has less restriction on the shape and size of the raw materials and is more adaptable. 2. The buffer deceleration disperser is set up to slow down the falling speed of raw materials by blocking and guiding the flow, so that raw materials of different sizes and shapes can stay in the optimal reaction temperature range for a sufficient time, ensuring that volatiles are fully released and fixed carbon is fully reacted, and reducing the waste of unreacted raw materials; 3. The buffer speed-reducing disperser can disperse the raw materials, making the high-temperature carbon layer evenly distributed. At the same time, it guides the gasifying agent and tar vapor to form a stable countercurrent or cross-flow contact, increasing the contact area between the two. In addition, the buffer speed-reducing disperser can also reduce the obstruction of the airflow by the raw material particles, allowing the tar vapor to mix more smoothly with the high-temperature medium, ensuring the full decomposition of tar. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the buffer deceleration disperser of this application; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the buffer deceleration diffuser of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the intermediate disk of this application; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the intermediate disk of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the edge ring of this application; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the edge ring of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure used in this application; Figure 8 yes Figure 4 A magnified view of part A in the middle; Figure 9 yes Figure 6 A magnified view of part B in the middle section; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the vaporization chamber temperature during 100% intensity vaporization; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the vaporization chamber temperature when vaporization is performed at 70% intensity. Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the vaporization chamber temperature during 120% intensity vaporization; 1. Intermediate disc; 2. Edge ring; 3. Spacing; 4. Connector; 5. Side wall; 6. Circular hole in intermediate disc; 7. Edge side wall; 8. Circular hole in edge ring; 9. Transition arc; 10. Central axis of gasification chamber; 11. Cylinder; 12. Feed inlet; 13. Exhaust and slag discharge outlet; 14. Flame burner; 15. Pipeline; 16. Separation chamber; 17. High-temperature resistant valve; 18. Rib plate. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 — Figure 12 The specific embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below. It should be noted that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model. Example 1

[0020] This application provides a buffer deceleration disperser, including a hollow intermediate disk 1. An edge ring 2 is correspondingly arranged at the lower part of the intermediate disk 1. The upper intermediate disk 1 guides the material to the surrounding area, while the lower edge ring 2 gathers the material towards the center, thereby prolonging the reaction time. A gap 3 exists between the intermediate disk 1 and the edge ring 2. The intermediate disk 1 and the edge ring 2 are connected by a connector 4, preferably by welding for support. The intermediate disk 1 is inclined downwards and gradually increases in size. The top of the intermediate disk 1 is closed, while the lower part is open. Multiple sets of intermediate disk circular holes 6 are formed on the side wall 5 of the intermediate disk 1. Preferably, as shown... Figure 3As shown, in this embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the intermediate disk 1 is an isosceles right triangle, with a maximum diameter of 754mm at the bottom, a height of 379mm from the bottom to the top, a hypotenuse length of 533mm (i.e., the inclined length of the sidewall 5 is 533mm), and a thickness of 3mm. Multiple sets of intermediate disk circular holes 6 are distributed in a gradient, increasing in size from top to bottom. The diameter of the intermediate disk circular holes 6 ranges from 5mm to 30mm, and the shape of the intermediate disk circular holes 6 is at least one of circular, elliptical, or plum blossom-shaped. In this embodiment, as shown... Figure 4 As shown, holes are made at 25mm intervals along the circumference from top to bottom. There are 4 groups of holes with a diameter of 5mm, 4 groups of holes with a diameter of 10mm, 4 groups of holes with a diameter of 15mm, and 4 groups of holes with a diameter of 20mm.

[0021] The edge ring 2 slopes downwards and gradually decreases in size. Both the top and bottom of the edge ring 2 are open. The diameter of the top of the edge ring 2 is equal to the inner diameter of the gasifier, and the diameter of the bottom of the edge ring 2 is 0.6-0.7 times the inner diameter of the intermediate disk 1. Multiple sets of edge ring circular holes 8 are formed on the edge sidewall 7 of the edge ring 2. Preferably, a transition arc 9 is provided on the side of the edge sidewall 7 near the top. Figure 5 In this embodiment, the diameter of the top of the edge ring 2 is 1000mm, the diameter of the bottom is 500mm, the height from the bottom to the top is 272mm, the radius of the transition arc 9 is 50mm, the wall thickness of the edge sidewall 7 is 3mm, the angle between the edge sidewall 7 and the central axis 10 of the gasification chamber is 30 degrees, and the angle between the tangent of the transition arc 9 near the top and the central axis 10 of the gasification chamber is 85 degrees; the edge ring circular holes 8 are distributed in a gradient, increasing in size from top to bottom, with a diameter of 5mm-30mm, and the shape of the edge ring circular holes 8 is at least one of circular, elliptical, and plum blossom shapes. In this embodiment, as shown... Figure 6 As shown, holes are made at 25mm intervals along the circumference from top to bottom. There are 4 groups of holes with a diameter of 5mm, 4 groups of holes with a diameter of 10mm, 4 groups of holes with a diameter of 15mm, and 4 groups of holes with a diameter of 20mm.

[0022] In this embodiment, the distance between the bottom of the edge ring 2 and the top of the middle disk 1 is 800mm. When two sets of buffer deceleration dispersers are set, the distance between the tops of the two edge rings 2 is 1000mm.

[0023] In this embodiment, for materials such as wheat straw and corn straw, the material first impacts the top of the intermediate disk 1 to reduce its speed. Fine particles and pyrolyzed materials fall through the circular holes 6 of the intermediate disk. Because the diameter of the circular holes 6 of the intermediate disk increases from top to bottom, the falling path of materials with larger particles, insufficient gasification, and no significant volume reduction is relatively long. Larger straw materials slide down to the edge under the guidance of the inclined sidewall 5 and fall into the gap 3 formed with the edge ring 2. At this position, they are directly heated by the flame burner 9 and continue to fall along the edge sidewall 7 of the edge ring 2. The residence time is extended to 8-12 seconds, which ensures the full release of volatiles and the secondary cracking of tar.

[0024] For granular materials, they roll and slide on each layer of components, constantly exposing new reaction surfaces, and efficiently exchange heat with high-temperature airflow through the central disc circular holes 6 and the edge ring circular holes 8. This Z-shaped downward path allows the total residence time in the reaction chamber (such as a gasifier) ​​to reach 15-20 seconds, far exceeding the free fall time, ensuring the complete reaction of the core part. Example 2

[0025] This embodiment provides an application scenario for this application, specifically in a gasifier:

[0026] like Figure 7 As shown, the gasifier includes a cylindrical body 11. The top of the cylindrical body 11 is a feed inlet 12, through which pulverized coal and biomass fragments enter and fall freely. The bottom of the cylindrical body 11 is an exhaust and slag discharge outlet 13. At least two layers of buffer deceleration dispersers are installed inside the cylindrical body 11. These buffer deceleration dispersers reduce the free fall velocity of the material and disperse the particulate material. Each layer of buffer deceleration disperser consists of an edge ring 2 and an intermediate disk 1. The edge ring 2 is welded to the interior of the cylindrical body 11. The distance 3 between the edge ring 2 and the intermediate disk 1 corresponds to the gasification chamber on the cylindrical body 11, where several flame burners 14 are installed to ensure the heating flame. The uniformity of the burners can be achieved by using two, four, six, or eight burners, all evenly distributed. The flame burner 14 can be an oxyhydrogen flame burner or other types of flame burners, and technicians can choose the appropriate type based on the specific circumstances; this application does not impose any specific limitations. The multi-layer arrangement of the flame burners ensures good heating uniformity, guaranteeing uniform heating and complete vaporization of the material. When setting the flame burner 14, it is necessary to avoid the connector 4 to prevent problems caused by high temperatures. The connector 4 may interfere with some of the edge ring holes 8 and the middle disc holes 6, but because there are many edge ring holes 8 and middle disc holes 6, the interference will not affect the performance.

[0027] The exhaust and slag discharge port 13 of the gasifier is connected to the separation chamber 16 through an inclined pipe 15. Two high-temperature resistant valves 17 are installed on the pipe 16. The high-temperature resistant valves 17 can isolate the gasification chamber and facilitate the control of production capacity and local shutdown maintenance. The upper end of the separation chamber 16 is equipped with a multi-stage gas-solid separator and a multi-stage gas-liquid separator. The multi-stage gas-solid separator can achieve efficient gas purification. The cooperation of the multi-stage gas-solid separator and the multi-stage gas-liquid separator can ensure the high quality of syngas. A slag pool is set at the bottom of the separation chamber 16 to ensure carbon conversion rate. The solids first pass through cyclone separation, and some fly ash and gasification slag settle down. Then they enter the three-dimensional mass transfer tray baffle separation zone. Fly ash and slag settle into the slag pool of the ash silo. The gas passes through two stages of coarse purification separation and comes out from the top of the main separation chamber.

[0028] Preferably, a reinforcing device such as a stiffener 18 can be installed between the edge ring 2 at the bottom of the gasification chamber and the inner wall of the cylinder 11 of the gasification chamber. The stiffener 18 is connected to the inner wall of the cylinder 11 and the edge ring 2 by welding or other means. The setting of the stiffener 18 further improves the stability of the buffer deceleration disperser.

[0029] This embodiment Figure 7 Two gasifiers are paired with one main separation chamber to enable flexible increases or decreases in production and flexible maintenance. However, this is not limited to two units; it can be a single unit or multiple units. Technical personnel can make the appropriate selection based on the specific circumstances. This embodiment is only used to illustrate the application scenarios of this application.

[0030] When the gasification chamber 1 is subjected to 100% intensity gasification, the side wall temperature T2 of the cylinder 2 of the gasification chamber 1 is 800℃-1200℃, and the temperature T3 of the core reaction zone that reacts with the material in the gasification chamber 1 increases from top to bottom, with a temperature difference of 100℃-200℃ between adjacent temperatures; the temperature is controlled by the flame burner 9, such as controlling the hydrogen-oxygen ratio and the amount of hydrogen and oxygen used.

[0031] The gasification chamber 1 typically has three key temperatures that need to be controlled: the temperature T1 located 10mm to 50mm from the outer side of the cylinder 2's sidewall, the cylinder 2's sidewall temperature T2, and the core reaction zone temperature T3. In this embodiment, five layers of flame burners 9 are used, each layer of flame burners 9 corresponding to a core reaction zone temperature T3 that reacts with the material. Figure 10 As shown, during 100% intensity gasification, the temperature T1 near the side wall of cylinder 2 is 1000℃, the temperature T2 of the side wall of cylinder 2 is 1100℃-1200℃, and the temperature T3 of the core reaction zone that reacts with the material is 1100℃, 1200℃, 1400℃, 1500℃ and 1600℃ from top to bottom. This is because the material added to the top of gasification chamber 1 is in its original state at room temperature and without pyrolysis, resulting in a lower core reaction temperature. Figure 11The values ​​in the diagram represent the temperatures near the second sidewall of the cylinder (T1) and the core reaction zones (T3) at 70% intensity gasification. The temperature of the second sidewall (T2) is 770℃-840℃. Figure 12 The temperatures T1 near the side wall of cylinder 2 and T3 in each core reaction zone are at 120% intensity gasification. The temperature T2 of the side wall of cylinder 2 is 1320℃-1400℃.

[0032] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, this application has the following advantages: 1. The buffer deceleration disperser can break up lumpy, granular, or even irregularly shaped raw materials, preventing large pieces of raw materials from agglomerating or small pieces from piling up. No matter how large the initial size difference of the raw materials is, after buffering, they can be more evenly distributed in the gasification reaction zone, reducing uneven processing problems caused by large pieces getting stuck or small pieces gathering. Therefore, it has less restriction on the shape and size of the raw materials and is more adaptable. 2. The buffer deceleration disperser is set up to slow down the falling speed of raw materials by blocking and guiding the flow, so that raw materials of different sizes and shapes can stay in the optimal reaction temperature range for a sufficient time. This ensures the residence time of the gasified raw materials, ensures the full release of volatiles and the full reaction of fixed carbon, and reduces the waste of unreacted raw materials. 3. The buffer-deceleration disperser can disperse the raw materials, making the high-temperature carbon layer evenly distributed. At the same time, it guides the gasifying agent and tar vapor to form a stable countercurrent or cross-flow contact, increasing the contact area between the two. In addition, the buffer-deceleration disperser can also reduce the obstruction of the airflow by the raw material particles, allowing the tar vapor to mix more smoothly with the high-temperature medium, ensuring the full decomposition of tar.

[0033] The devices and connections not specifically described above are all existing technologies, and will not be described in detail here.

[0034] The preferred embodiments of this application have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of this application, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of this application, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of this application.

[0035] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable way without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the various possible combinations in this application will not be described separately.

[0036] Furthermore, various different implementations of this application can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of this application, and such combinations should also be regarded as the content disclosed in this application.

Claims

1. A buffer deceleration disperser, characterized in that, The device includes a hollow intermediate disk (1), with an edge ring (2) correspondingly provided at the lower part of the intermediate disk (1). There is a gap (3) between the intermediate disk (1) and the edge ring (2), and they are connected by a connector (4). The intermediate disk (1) is inclined downward and gradually increases in size. The top of the intermediate disk (1) is closed, and the lower part of the intermediate disk (1) is open. Multiple sets of intermediate disk circular holes (6) are provided on the side wall of the intermediate disk (1). The edge ring (2) is inclined downward and gradually decreases in size. The top and bottom of the edge ring (2) are both open. Multiple sets of edge ring circular holes (8) are provided on the side wall of the edge ring (2).

2. The buffer deceleration disperser according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circular holes (6) in the intermediate disk are distributed in a gradient, increasing in size from top to bottom.

3. The buffer deceleration disperser according to claim 1, characterized in that, The edge sidewall (7) of the edge ring (2) is provided with a transition arc (9) on the side near the top.

4. A buffer deceleration disperser according to claim 3, characterized in that, The angle between the edge sidewall (7) and the central axis (10) of the gasification chamber is 15°-75°.

5. A buffer deceleration disperser according to claim 3, characterized in that, The angle between the tangent of the transition arc (9) on the side near the top and the central axis (10) of the gasification chamber is 60°-85°.

6. A buffer deceleration disperser according to claim 1, characterized in that, The edge annular holes (8) are distributed in a gradient, increasing in size from top to bottom.

7. A buffer deceleration disperser according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the top of the edge ring (2) is equal to the inner diameter of the gasifier, and the diameter of the bottom of the edge ring (2) is equal to 0.6-0.7 times the inner diameter of the middle disk (1).

8. A buffer deceleration disperser according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the inner circle of the intermediate disk (1) is 2 / 3 to 4 / 5 of the top diameter of the edge ring (2).

9. A buffer deceleration disperser according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape of the central disc circular hole (6) is at least one of the following: circular, elliptical, or plum blossom-shaped.

10. A buffer deceleration disperser according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape of the edge ring hole (8) is at least one of the following: circular, elliptical, and plum blossom-shaped.

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