A cantilever structure for supporting and reinforcing a dangerous rock mass

Abstract

The utility model relates to dangerous rock mass support reinforced cantilever structure for installing on parent rock mass supports dangerous rock mass on parent rock mass, including at least two main support spare, main support spare includes upper support beam and inclined support beam, one end of upper support beam and one end of inclined support beam are fixedly installed on parent rock mass respectively, the other end of upper support beam and the other end of inclined support beam extend to the outside of parent rock mass and support and fixedly connect dangerous rock mass to upper support beam and inclined support beam are set up in acute angle, and form accommodating space between upper support beam and inclined support beam, be provided with vice support subassembly in accommodating space, and vice support subassembly disperses the pressure of pressing down of dangerous rock mass on main support spare to parent rock mass, through main support spare cantilever support dangerous rock mass, cooperate vice support subassembly and disperse the pressure of pressing down of dangerous rock mass to parent rock mass, and the stress path is short and clear, effectively reduces the risk of local stress concentration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of rock mass support and reinforcement technology, and more particularly to a cantilever structure for rock mass support and reinforcement. Background Technology

[0002] In some mountainous areas, some buildings need to be constructed on the outer side of the mountain. During construction, the roadbed is excavated and prepared on the outer side of the mountain. Due to artificial excavation, there will be relatively steep cliffs on the side of the building facing the mountain. The rock structure of the cliff is the parent rock mass, and the rock structure at the top of the cliff forms a dangerous rock mass. Under the influence of its own weight and other factors, the dangerous rock mass is at risk of falling off the parent rock mass. In order to prevent the dangerous rock mass from falling off and endangering the safety of the highway, it is necessary to reinforce the dangerous rock mass.

[0003] Existing technologies for supporting and reinforcing unstable rock masses typically involve arranging bases sequentially on the roadbed, then installing support columns on the bases, and an upper support seat integrally installed on top of the support columns to support the unstable rock mass. Diagonal braces are then installed on the upper support seat and support columns, and anchors are used to connect the support columns and the parent rock mass. However, this reinforcement structure requires leveling and compacting the roadbed before the bases can be installed, resulting in a long construction period and high manufacturing costs. Furthermore, the downward pressure from the unstable rock mass needs to be transferred layer by layer through the upper support seat, diagonal braces, support columns, and bases to the ground foundation, and then through the anchors to the parent rock mass. This results in poor stress distribution, and stress concentration is prone to occur at the connection between the diagonal braces and support columns, as well as at the contact point between the base and the ground, leading to fatigue damage after long-term use. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a cantilever structure for supporting and reinforcing unstable rock masses, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is: a cantilever structure for supporting and reinforcing unstable rock masses, used to be installed on the parent rock mass to support the unstable rock mass on the parent rock mass, including at least two main support components, each including an upper support beam and an inclined support beam. One end of the upper support beam and one end of the inclined support beam are respectively fixedly installed on the parent rock mass, and the other ends of the upper support beam and the other ends of the inclined support beam extend outside the parent rock mass to support and fix the unstable rock mass. The upper support beam and the inclined support beam are set at an acute angle, and a receiving space is formed between the upper support beam and the inclined support beam. A secondary support component is set in the receiving space, and the secondary support component disperses the downward pressure of the unstable rock mass acting on the main support component to the parent rock mass.

[0006] Compared with existing technologies, this solution has the following advantages: 1) One end of the main support component is directly fixed to the parent rock mass, while the other end extends out of the parent rock mass to cantilever support the dangerous rock mass. In conjunction with the secondary support components, the downward pressure of the dangerous rock mass is dispersed to the parent rock mass. The force path is short and clear, effectively reducing the risk of local stress concentration and improving the overall load-bearing capacity and durability of the structure. The secondary support components are set in the space formed by the upper support beam and the inclined support beam. This space provides a precise installation and positioning area for the secondary support components, enabling them to form multi-point force connections with the upper support beam and the parent rock mass simultaneously. This evenly disperses the downward pressure of the dangerous rock mass from different stress points of the main support component to the parent rock mass, avoiding local stress concentration.

[0007] 2) This solution does not require a large-area base or ground foundation. The main support components and secondary support components are directly connected to the parent rock mass, and are not limited by the geological conditions and space of the roadside slope. It is especially suitable for steep slopes, narrow road sections or soft foundation geology. The installation process is simplified, the number of components is reduced, and the construction period is shortened.

[0008] 3) The upper support beam and the inclined support beam are fixedly connected at an acute angle to form a triangular force unit. The geometric stability of the triangular structure is used to enhance the deformation resistance and overturning resistance of the main support component. The upper support beam can directly bear the vertical pressure of the dangerous rock mass, while the inclined support beam can effectively decompose the vertical pressure into axial force, avoiding excessive bending deformation of the main support component due to cantilever stress. Compared with a single rod-type main support component, the load-bearing efficiency and structural stability are significantly improved.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of this application, the secondary support assembly includes the same number of brackets as the main support component. Three connecting rods are installed in parallel between two adjacent brackets, and diagonal braces are provided between two adjacent connecting rods. The ends of the diagonal braces are fixedly connected to the connection points of the brackets and connecting rods.

[0010] Compared with existing technologies, this solution has the following advantages: 1) Three connecting rods are used to form a multi-dimensional force-bearing frame between adjacent supports. With the help of diagonal bracing rods fixed at the connection between the supports and the connecting rods, a densely packed triangular force-bearing unit array is constructed. This structure allows the downward pressure transmitted from the unstable rock mass to the main support to be distributed to each connecting rod through the supports, and then further decomposed into axial force by the diagonal bracing rods, achieving a multi-directional distributed force-bearing mode.

[0011] 2) The three-dimensional mesh structure formed by the three connecting rods and the diagonal bracing rods utilizes the superposition effect of the geometric stability of triangles. This not only enhances the bending and shear resistance of the secondary support components themselves, but also makes the secondary support components and the main support components form a more rigid overall force-bearing system. This structure can effectively resist the deformation caused by uneven settlement of unstable rock masses, lateral thrust or sudden impact loads, and prevent the main support components from overturning or shifting due to local force imbalance, thus significantly improving the long-term stability and disaster resistance of the reinforced structure.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of this application, the support includes an upper support rod, a rear support rod, and an inclined support rod connected end to end. The upper support rod and the rear support rod are of equal length. The upper support rod is fixedly connected to the main support member. The rear support rod and the inclined support rod fixedly connected to the rear support rod are both fixedly connected to the parent rock mass.

[0013] Compared with existing technologies, this solution has the following advantages: 1) The upper support rod and the rear support rod are of equal length, and they are connected end to end with the inclined support rod to form a symmetrical triangular support structure. By utilizing the geometric stability of the triangle and the force balance characteristics of the symmetrical structure, the load transmitted from the unstable rock mass to the main support component is evenly distributed to the rear support rod and the inclined support rod through the upper support rod, and then transferred to the parent rock mass in conjunction with the inclined bracing rod in the secondary support component, thus avoiding local force imbalance of the support. At the same time, the symmetrical structure can effectively offset the lateral load that may be generated by the unstable rock mass, reduce the risk of torsion or overturning of the support, and further enhance the load-bearing reliability of the secondary support component.

[0014] 2) The upper support rod is directly fixed to the main support component, forming a load-bearing node; the rear support rod and the corresponding diagonal brace are doubly fixed to the parent rock mass, constructing a two-way force-bearing anchoring system. The load is directly transferred to the parent rock mass through the double anchoring nodes. The force path is short and dispersed, avoiding load transfer loss or stress concentration caused by too many nodes in the existing structure. This greatly improves the connection strength between the support and the parent rock mass and the main support component, and enhances the pull-out and overturning resistance of the entire cantilever structure.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of this application, both the rear support rod and the diagonal brace fixedly connected to the rear support rod are provided with a plurality of fixing holes, and a pin is provided in the fixing holes, and the pin is fixedly installed on the parent rock mass.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, this solution offers several advantages. The fixing holes provide multiple optional positions for pin installation, allowing the pin installation position to be adjusted according to the actual geological conditions of the parent rock mass during construction, eliminating the need for secondary processing of the support or parent rock mass. Furthermore, the pin connection method is easy to install, requiring only the pin to pass through the fixing holes and be fixed to the preset hole position in the parent rock mass, thereby shortening the construction cycle and improving construction convenience.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of this application, concrete is poured inside the secondary support component to encapsulate the secondary support component.

[0018] Compared with existing technologies, this solution has the following advantages: 1) The concrete encapsulation firmly bonds the scattered components such as brackets, connecting rods, diagonal braces, and pin anchoring nodes in the secondary support assembly into an integrated rigid structure, making the original prefabricated components form a seamless overall force-bearing system. The high compressive strength and stiffness of concrete can effectively distribute the force of each component, avoid local component overload, and at the same time significantly improve the overall bending, shear and torsional resistance of the secondary support assembly, so as to significantly improve the bearing limit of the entire reinforced structure and adapt to the reinforcement needs of dangerous rock masses with larger loads.

[0019] 2) The concrete encapsulation layer fills the gaps between the components of the secondary support assembly, forming a continuous stress transmission medium. This allows the load transmitted from the unstable rock mass to the main support to be evenly distributed to all components and anchoring nodes through the concrete encapsulation layer, avoiding stress concentration problems caused by gaps or poor contact at component connections in prefabricated structures. At the same time, the bonding effect between the concrete and the component surface makes the stress transmission smoother, reduces local stress peaks, lowers the risk of component fatigue damage, and significantly improves the long-term stability and durability of the structure.

[0020] In addition to the technical problems solved by the present invention, the technical features constituting the technical solutions, and the advantages brought about by the technical features of these technical solutions as described above, other technical problems that the present invention can solve, other technical features contained in the technical solutions, and the advantages brought about by these technical features will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional view of the cantilever structure for supporting and reinforcing the dangerous rock mass in this application, installed on the parent rock mass.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a front view of the cantilever structure for supporting and reinforcing the dangerous rock mass in this application, installed on the parent rock mass.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the secondary support components in the cantilever structure for supporting and reinforcing unstable rock masses as described in this application.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the stress on the secondary support components in the cantilever structure for supporting and reinforcing unstable rock masses in this application.

[0025] Reference numerals: 01. Upper support beam, 02. Inclined support beam, 03. Parent rock mass, 04. Dangerous rock mass, 05. Mounting hole, 06. Upper support rod, 07. Rear support rod, 08. Inclined support rod, 09. Bracket, 10. First connecting rod, 11. Second connecting rod, 12. Third connecting rod, 13. First inclined brace, 14. Second inclined brace, 15. Third inclined brace, 16. Fixing hole, 17. Concrete, 18. Main support component, 19. Secondary support assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solution of this utility model will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] Please see Figure 1 As shown, the cantilever structure for supporting and reinforcing unstable rock masses in this embodiment is used to support unstable rock masses 04 on the parent rock mass 03. It includes at least two main support members 18. One end of each main support member 18 is fixedly installed on the parent rock mass 03, and the other end extends outside the parent rock mass 03 to support the unstable rock mass 04. A secondary support assembly 19 is provided between the main support member and the parent rock mass 03. The secondary support assembly 19 distributes the downward pressure exerted by the unstable rock mass 04 on the main support member to the parent rock mass 03.

[0028] Please see Figure 2 As shown, the main support component includes an upper support beam 01 and an inclined support beam 02. One end of the upper support beam 01 and one end of the inclined support beam 02 are fixedly connected by welding, so that the upper support beam 01 and the inclined support beam 02 are set at an acute angle. This forms an accommodating space between the upper support beam 01 and the inclined support beam 02. The aforementioned secondary support assembly is located within the accommodating space.

[0029] Therefore, when installing the main support components, two mounting holes 05 are set on the parent rock mass 03, respectively adapted to the upper support beam 01 and the inclined support beam 02. One end of the upper support beam 01 and the inclined support beam 02 are then fixed into the mounting holes 05, while the other end of the upper support beam 01 and the inclined support beam 02 are located outside the parent rock mass 03. The upper support beam 01 is positioned directly below the unstable rock mass 04, providing support for the unstable rock mass 04. It should be noted that both the upper support beam 01 and the inclined support beam 02 are made of I-beams.

[0030] Please see Figure 3As shown, the secondary support assembly includes the same number of supports as the main support. Each support includes an upper support rod 06, a rear support rod 07, and an inclined support rod 08 connected end-to-end. The upper support rod 06 is fixedly connected to the upper support beam 01, the inclined support rod 08 is fixedly connected to the inclined support beam 02, and the rear support rod 07 is fixedly connected to the parent rock mass 03. The upper support rod 06 and the rear support rod 07 are of equal length, making the cross-section of the support 09 an isosceles triangle. Three connecting rods are fixedly connected between adjacent supports 09 by welding. An inclined brace is installed between each adjacent connecting rod, and the end of the inclined brace is fixedly connected to the connection point between the support 09 and the connecting rod.

[0031] To more clearly describe the specific structure of the secondary support assembly, the three connecting rods are designated as first connecting rod 10, second connecting rod 11, and third connecting rod 12, and the three diagonal braces are designated as first diagonal brace 13, second diagonal brace 14, and third diagonal brace 15. Since the bracket 09 is composed of an upper support rod 06, a rear support rod 07, and a diagonal support rod 08, a first angle is formed at the connection between the upper support rod 06 and the rear support rod 07, a second angle is formed at the connection between the upper support rod 06 and the diagonal support rod 08, and a third angle is formed at the connection between the rear support rod 07 and the diagonal support rod 08.

[0032] When assembling the connecting rod and the two brackets 09, the two ends of the first connecting rod 10 are fixedly connected to the first corners of the two brackets 09 by welding, and the two ends of the second connecting rod 11 are fixedly connected to the second corners of the two brackets 09 by welding. The two ends of the third connecting rod 12 are fixedly connected to the third corners of the two brackets 09 by welding. This ensures that the three connecting rods are connected parallel to each other between the two brackets 09.

[0033] One end of the first diagonal brace 13 is fixedly connected to a first corner on one of the brackets 09, and the other end of the first diagonal brace 13 is fixedly connected to a third corner on another bracket 09. One end of the second diagonal brace 14 is fixedly connected to a first corner on one of the brackets 09, and the other end of the second diagonal brace 14 is fixedly connected to a second corner on another bracket 09. One end of the third diagonal brace 15 is fixedly connected to a third corner on one of the brackets 09, and the other end of the third diagonal brace 15 is fixedly connected to a second corner on another bracket 09.

[0034] The rear support rod 07 and the diagonal brace fixedly connected to the rear support rod 07 are provided with several fixing holes 16. A pin is provided in the fixing hole 16. By setting the mounting hole 05 on the parent body and installing the pin in the mounting hole 05, the secondary support component can be fixed on the parent rock mass 03.

[0035] In this example, during construction, at least two main support components are first installed on the parent rock mass 03. In this embodiment, three main support components are installed on the parent rock mass 03. The fixed sections on the main support components are fixedly installed on the parent rock mass 03, and the upper support beam 01 on the main support component abuts against the bottom of the unstable rock mass 04. Then, the bracket 09 is fixed to the receiving space inside the main support component by welding, so that the upper support rod 06 inside the bracket 09 is fixedly connected to the upper support beam 01 inside the main support component, and the rear support rod 07 is fixedly connected to the parent rock mass 03. At this time, each main support component is equipped with a bracket 09. Following the above-described connection method for the secondary support components, the three connecting rods are installed in parallel between two adjacent brackets 09. Then, the diagonal brace is fixedly connected between two adjacent connecting rods by welding, ensuring that the end of the diagonal brace is fixedly connected to the connection point of the bracket 09 and the connecting rod. While assembling the secondary support components, the secondary support components are also fixedly connected to the main support components and the parent rock mass 03. Alternatively, the aforementioned secondary support component connection method can be used before construction. The secondary support components are assembled first, and then assembled with the main support components at the site of use before being installed on the parent rock mass 03. After both the secondary support components and the main support components are fixed on the parent rock mass 03, C30 concrete 17 is poured inside the secondary support components to encapsulate them.

[0036] Please see Figure 2 , 4 As shown, after construction, the downward pressure (F) generated by the unstable rock mass 04 acts on the main support beam. Since the upper support rod 06 is fixedly connected to the main support beam, the downward pressure (F) is transmitted to the upper support rod 06 and the inclined support beam 02. The downward pressure (F) transmitted to the inclined support beam 02 generates thrust (F1) along the inclined support beam 02, and the thrust (F1) is transmitted to the parent rock mass 03 through the inclined support beam 02. The downward pressure transmitted to the upper support rod 06 generates thrust (F2, F3, F4) along the inclined support rod 08 on the support 09 and the inclined support rod between the inclined support rods. However, the thrust (F2, F3, F4) is transmitted to the rear support rod 07 and the inclined support rod between two adjacent rear support rods 07. The rear support rod 07 and the inclined support rod between the two rear support rods 07 are all fixed to the parent rock mass 03 of the two main support components. Therefore, the downward pressure generated by the unstable rock mass 04 is distributed to the parent rock mass 03 through the secondary support components.

[0037] If the embodiments of this utility model involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0038] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of the present utility model. Any modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present utility model by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present utility model should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A cantilever structure for supporting and reinforcing unstable rock masses, used for installation on a parent rock mass to support unstable rock masses on the parent rock mass, characterized in that, It includes at least two main support components, each consisting of an upper support beam and an inclined support beam. One end of the upper support beam and one end of the inclined support beam are fixedly installed on the parent rock mass, while the other ends of the upper support beam and the inclined support beam extend out of the parent rock mass to support and fix the unstable rock mass. The upper support beam and the inclined support beam are set at an acute angle, forming a receiving space between them. A secondary support component is installed within the receiving space, which disperses the downward pressure exerted by the unstable rock mass on the main support component to the parent rock mass.

2. The cantilever structure for supporting and reinforcing unstable rock masses according to claim 1, characterized in that: The secondary support assembly includes the same number of brackets as the main support component. Three connecting rods are installed in parallel between two adjacent brackets, and diagonal braces are provided between two adjacent connecting rods. The ends of the diagonal braces are fixedly connected to the connection points of the brackets and connecting rods.

3. The cantilever structure for supporting and reinforcing unstable rock masses according to claim 2, characterized in that: The support system includes an upper support rod, a rear support rod, and an inclined support rod connected end to end. The upper support rod and the rear support rod are of equal length. The upper support rod is fixedly connected to the main support component. The rear support rod and the inclined support rod fixedly connected to the rear support rod are both fixedly connected to the parent rock mass.

4. The cantilever structure for supporting and reinforcing unstable rock masses according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rear support rod and the diagonal brace fixedly connected to the rear support rod are each provided with several fixing holes, and pins are installed in the fixing holes. The pins are fixedly installed on the parent rock mass.

5. The cantilever structure for supporting and reinforcing unstable rock masses according to claim 1, characterized in that: The secondary support component is encased in concrete.

Images