Rock mass based copper mine roof support device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a copper mine roof supporting device based on rock mass applies in mine cavern supporting device technical field, including the metal net of affixing on the mine wall, a plurality of equidistance arrange in the metal net inside's metal support and the anchor line of a plurality of through to the inside and present as the equidistance arrangement in row of mine wall, the utility model discloses a detachable dome support frame is designed, realized the flexible adaptation of copper mine different form roof, when the roadway roof is arc, can install dome support frame, make it with metal support cooperation form the supporting structure of sticking round roof, when the roof is plane, can dismantle dome support frame, only keep metal support can satisfy the support demand, and this one set of support satisfies the design of two kinds of working conditions, need not change different type's support because of the roof form change, greatly reduced the equipment procurement cost, simplified the construction procedure simultaneously, shortened the construction period, improved the overall efficiency of copper mine exploitation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of mine support devices, and specifically relates to a copper mine roof support device based on rock mass. Background Technology

[0002] In copper mining, roof support is a crucial element in ensuring the safety of underground operations.

[0003] Traditional metal supports are mostly designed with a fixed shape, which cannot flexibly adapt to the diverse roof shapes of copper mine roadways. For example, the roof of the roadway in the tunneling stage is mostly circular (arched), while the roof in the mining area is often planar. When the roof shape changes, traditional supports, due to their non-adjustable structure, need to be replaced with a completely new type of support. This not only increases the economic cost of equipment procurement, but also prolongs the construction cycle due to disassembly and replacement procedures, seriously affecting the overall efficiency of copper mining. At the same time, frequent support replacements also disrupt the continuity of underground operations and increase the complexity of safety management. In traditional support, anchor cable trays are mainly arranged independently and in a decentralized manner, with large unprotected areas between the trays. In these areas, the metal mesh can only rely on its own strength to withstand the pressure of the surrounding rock, which is prone to local stress concentration. When the pressure of the surrounding rock acts on the metal mesh, the stress will excessively accumulate in the areas without tray support, causing local tearing and damage to the metal mesh, which in turn leads to safety hazards such as falling rock fragments. This uneven stress problem not only reduces the overall safety of the support system, but also shortens the service life of the metal mesh and increases the frequency and cost of later maintenance. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a copper mine roof support device based on rock mass, which has the advantages of strong applicability and uniform stress distribution.

[0005] The above-mentioned technical objective of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution: a copper mine roof support device based on rock mass, comprising a metal mesh attached to the mine wall, multiple metal supports arranged equidistantly inside the metal mesh, and multiple anchor cables penetrating into the mine wall and arranged in rows at equal intervals. A dome support frame is provided on the top of the metal supports. A support block in contact with the metal mesh is fixedly connected to the support end of the dome support frame. A support rod is provided between the metal supports and the dome support frame. A first pad for use with the metal supports is fixedly sleeved on the surface of the support rod. An adjustment and limiting mechanism is provided on the surface of the support rod. A tray for use with the metal mesh is sleeved on one end of the anchor cable outside the mine wall. A crossbeam plate for engaging with the anchor cable is provided between the two trays. A top bolt is screwed onto the crossbeam plate. A locking block for use with the metal mesh is rotatably connected to the other end of the top bolt.

[0006] The above technical solution achieves flexible adaptation to different roof shapes in copper mines through the design of a detachable dome support frame. When the tunnel roof is arched, the dome support frame can be installed to form a support structure that fits the circular roof in conjunction with the metal support frame. When the roof is flat, the dome support frame can be removed, leaving only the metal support frame to meet the support requirements. This design, where one set of support meets two working conditions, eliminates the need to replace different types of support due to changes in roof shape, significantly reducing equipment procurement costs. It also simplifies construction procedures, shortens the construction cycle, improves the overall efficiency of copper mining, and ensures continuous underground operations. Through the coordinated design of the crossbeam plate, top bolt, and clamping block, the problem of uneven stress on the metal mesh in traditional support is effectively solved. The crossbeam plate spans between the trays of the anchor cables, and after the top bolt is screwed in, it pushes the clamping block to press the metal mesh, so that the anchoring force of the anchor cables is evenly transmitted to all areas of the metal mesh through the crossbeam plate and clamping block. This transforms the traditional point stress into a line plus surface stress, avoiding local stress concentration in the metal mesh. This design enhances the overall stress performance of the metal mesh, effectively prevents it from tearing and breaking, reduces the safety hazard of falling rock, improves the overall safety and durability of the support system, and reduces the frequency and cost of later maintenance of the metal mesh.

[0007] The present invention is further configured such that the adjusting limiting mechanism includes a second pad sleeved on the surface of the support rod and located at the bottom of the dome support frame, and an adjusting nut threadedly connected to the support rod is provided at the bottom of the second pad.

[0008] The above technical solution is adopted: rotating the adjusting nut can drive the second pad to move up and down, thereby adjusting the extension and retraction of the support rod, realizing the tight fit between the dome support frame and the top plate, avoiding false support, controlling the magnitude of the support preload through thread adjustment to adapt to the pressure requirements of different rock masses, and locking the adjusted position to prevent downhole vibration from causing the support to loosen, thus ensuring the stability of the support.

[0009] The present invention is further configured such that a tensioning lock is fitted at the end of the anchor cable outside the mine wall.

[0010] The above technical solution employs a tensioning lock assembly at the end of the anchor cable on the outside of the mine wall. Its core function is to apply and lock the tensile stress of the anchor cable. Simultaneously, it flexibly adapts the fixing method according to the shape of the mine shaft, ensuring the stability of the support under different roof morphologies. For example, in a dome-shaped mine shaft, the side wall anchor cables penetrate the metal support and are directly locked to the metal support by the tensioning lock, forming a rigid connection between the side wall anchor cables and the support, enhancing the overall integrity of the side wall support. The anchor cables at the top dome position do not contact the metal support; the tensioning lock directly engages with and locks the tray, allowing the anchoring force of the top anchor cables to be evenly transmitted to the metal mesh through the tray, adapting to the stress characteristics of the dome roof. In a flat-roofed mine shaft, all anchor cables penetrate the metal support. When the tensioning lock is tightened, the anchor cables are fixed together with the metal support, ensuring that the prestress of the anchor cables and the supporting force of the support work in synergy, forming a balanced support system across the entire area and improving the deformation resistance of the flat roof.

[0011] The present invention is further configured such that the metal bracket and the dome support frame are each provided with corresponding insertion holes, and the two insertion holes are inserted into the two ends of the support rod.

[0012] The above technical solution allows for precise alignment of the insertion holes, enabling the support rod to be directly inserted to complete the connection without complex welding or bolt tightening, significantly improving construction efficiency. It also ensures precise relative positioning of the dome support frame and the metal support, preventing assembly deviations from affecting support accuracy. After insertion, the three components form a stable triangular force-bearing structure, evenly transferring the roof pressure borne by the dome support frame to the metal support, enhancing the overall support frame's resistance to deformation, and adapting to the load transfer requirements of copper mine roofs. The insertion structure facilitates quick disassembly; when the mine has a flat roof, the dome support frame and support rod can be removed, leaving only the metal support. For dome roofs, they can be reassembled, allowing for flexible switching between two roof types with a single support system, reducing equipment replacement costs.

[0013] The present invention is further provided that both ends of the crossbeam plate are provided with semi-circular locking grooves.

[0014] The above technical solution allows for precise fitting of the semi-circular locking groove to the outer wall of the anchor cable, enabling rapid positioning of the crossbeam plate between two anchor cables. This prevents the crossbeam plate from sliding laterally and ensures its installation accuracy across the tray spacing. After the locking groove engages with the anchor cable, the tension stress of the anchor cable is stably transferred to the crossbeam plate, and then transmitted to the metal mesh through the top bolts and locking blocks on the crossbeam plate. This ensures that the anchoring force evenly covers the unprotected area between the trays. The semi-circular structure adapts to the circular contour of the anchor cable, eliminating the need for additional fasteners to complete the initial positioning of the crossbeam plate, reducing construction difficulty and improving installation efficiency.

[0015] The present invention is further configured such that the metal bracket, anchor cable, dome support frame and support rod are all made of high-strength stainless steel.

[0016] The above technical solution utilizes the superior mechanical properties of high-strength stainless steel, which can withstand the surrounding rock pressure of the copper mine roof, the tensile stress of anchor cables, and the support load of the support frame. This prevents the structure from deforming or breaking due to insufficient strength, ensuring the stability of the support. In the humid and corrosive environment of copper mines, such as those containing mineral water, high-strength stainless steel can effectively resist corrosion, extend the service life of core components such as supports and anchor cables, and reduce the cost of later maintenance and replacement. It also has both high strength and fatigue resistance, enabling it to adapt to complex working conditions such as underground vibration and temperature fluctuations, maintain long-term stable support performance, and reduce the risk of structural failure.

[0017] In summary, this utility model has the following beneficial effects: 1. This utility model achieves flexible adaptation to different roof shapes in copper mines by designing a detachable dome support frame. When the roadway roof is arched, the dome support frame can be installed to form a support structure that fits the circular roof in conjunction with the metal support frame. When the roof is flat, the dome support frame can be removed, and only the metal support frame is retained to meet the support requirements. This design, which uses one set of support to meet two working conditions, eliminates the need to replace different types of support due to changes in roof shape, significantly reduces equipment procurement costs, simplifies construction procedures, shortens the construction cycle, improves the overall efficiency of copper mining, and ensures the continuity of underground operations. 2. This utility model effectively solves the problem of uneven stress on the metal mesh in traditional support systems through the coordinated design of the crossbeam plate, top bolt, and clamping block. The crossbeam plate spans between the anchor cable trays, and the top bolt pushes the clamping block to press the metal mesh, so that the anchoring force of the anchor cable is evenly transmitted to all areas of the metal mesh through the crossbeam plate and clamping block. This transforms the traditional point-type stress into a line-plus-surface-type stress, avoiding local stress concentration in the metal mesh. This design enhances the overall stress performance of the metal mesh, effectively prevents it from tearing and breaking, reduces the safety hazard of falling rock fragments, improves the overall safety and durability of the support system, and reduces the frequency and cost of later maintenance of the metal mesh. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model with a dome installation. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model with a flat top installation. Figure 3 This is a partial top view of the structure of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the crossbeam plate of this utility model.

[0019] Reference numerals: 1. Metal mesh; 2. Metal bracket; 3. Anchor cable; 4. Dome support frame; 5. Support block; 6. Support rod; 7. First pad; 8. Adjustment and limiting mechanism; 81. Second pad; 82. Adjusting nut; 9. Tray; 10. Crossbeam plate; 11. Top bolt; 12. Locking block; 13. Tensioning lock; 14. Insertion hole; 15. Semi-circular locking groove. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example

[0021] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 A copper mine roof support device based on rock mass includes a metal mesh 1 attached to the mine wall, multiple metal supports 2 arranged equidistantly inside the metal mesh 1, and multiple anchor cables 3 penetrating into the mine wall and arranged in rows at equal intervals. A dome support frame 4 is provided on the top of the metal supports 2, and a support block 5 in contact with the metal mesh 1 is fixedly connected to the support end of the dome support frame 4. A support rod 6 is provided between the metal supports 2 and the dome support frame 4. A first pad 7 for use with the metal supports 2 is fixedly sleeved on the surface of the support rod 6. An adjustment and limiting mechanism 8 is provided on the surface of the support rod 6, which is designed to be detachable. The removal of the dome support frame 4 enables flexible adaptation to different roof shapes in copper mines. When the roadway roof is arched, the dome support frame 4 can be installed to form a support structure that fits the circular roof in conjunction with the metal support frame 2. When the roof is flat, the dome support frame 4 can be removed, and only the metal support frame 2 is required to meet the support needs. This design, which allows one set of supports to meet two working conditions, eliminates the need to replace different types of supports due to changes in roof shape, significantly reduces equipment procurement costs, simplifies construction procedures, shortens the construction cycle, improves the overall efficiency of copper mining, and ensures the continuity of underground operations.

[0022] refer to Figure 1 The adjusting and limiting mechanism 8 includes a second pad 81 sleeved on the surface of the support rod 6 and located at the bottom of the dome support frame 4. The bottom of the second pad 81 is provided with an adjusting nut 82 that is threadedly connected to the support rod 6. By setting the second pad 81 and the adjusting nut 82, rotating the adjusting nut 82 can drive the second pad 81 to move up and down, thereby adjusting the extension and retraction of the support rod 6, so as to achieve a tight fit between the dome support frame 4 and the top plate, avoid false support, control the magnitude of the support preload through threaded adjustment to adapt to the pressure requirements of different rock masses, and lock the adjusted position to prevent downhole vibration from causing the support to loosen, thus ensuring the stability of the support.

[0023] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3Anchor cable 3 is equipped with a tension lock 13 at one end outside the mine wall. The tension lock 13, mounted on the end of anchor cable 3 outside the mine wall, functions to apply and lock the tensile stress of anchor cable 3. It also allows for flexible adaptation of the fixing method according to the shape of the mine shaft, ensuring support stability under different roof forms. For example, in a dome-shaped mine shaft, after the sidewall anchor cable 3 penetrates the metal support 2, it is directly locked to the metal support 2 by the tension lock 13, forming a rigid connection between the sidewall anchor cable 3 and the support, thus enhancing the sidewall support. The overall integrity is achieved by ensuring that the anchor cable 3 at the top dome position does not contact the metal support 2. The tensioning lock 13 directly engages with and locks the tray 9, so that the anchoring force of the top anchor cable 3 is evenly transmitted to the metal mesh 1 through the tray 9. This is adapted to the stress characteristics of the dome top plate. For example, when it is a flat-top mine, all anchor cables 3 penetrate into the interior of the metal support 2. When the tensioning lock 13 is locked, the anchor cable 3 and the metal support 2 are fixed together, so that the prestress of the anchor cable 3 and the support force of the support are deeply coordinated, forming a balanced support system throughout the entire area and improving the deformation resistance of the flat top plate.

[0024] refer to Figure 1 Both the metal support frame 2 and the dome support frame 4 have corresponding insertion holes 14. The two insertion holes 14 are inserted into the two ends of the support rod 6. By setting the insertion holes 14, after the insertion holes 14 are accurately aligned, the support rod 6 can be directly inserted to complete the connection between the two without complicated welding or bolt tightening, which greatly improves the construction efficiency. At the same time, it ensures the accurate relative position of the dome support frame 4 and the metal support frame 2, avoiding assembly deviations from affecting the support accuracy. After insertion, the three form a stable triangular force-bearing structure, which evenly transfers the roof pressure borne by the dome support frame 4 to the metal support frame 2, enhancing the overall support frame's resistance to deformation and adapting to the load transfer requirements of the copper mine roof. The insertion structure facilitates quick disassembly. When the mine has a flat roof, the dome support frame 4 and the support rod 6 can be removed, leaving only the metal support frame 2. When it has a dome, they can be re-inserted and reassembled, realizing flexible switching of one set of support to adapt to two roof shapes and reducing equipment replacement costs.

[0025] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The metal support 2, anchor cable 3, dome support frame 4, and support rod 6 are all made of high-strength stainless steel. High-strength stainless steel has excellent mechanical properties, enabling it to withstand the surrounding rock pressure of the copper mine roof, the tensile stress of the anchor cable 3, and the support load of the support structure. This prevents structural deformation or breakage due to insufficient strength, ensuring support stability. In the humid and corrosive environment of copper mines, including mineral-containing water, high-strength stainless steel effectively resists corrosion, extending the service life of core components such as the support and anchor cable 3, reducing later maintenance and replacement costs. It also possesses both high strength and fatigue resistance, adapting to complex working conditions such as underground vibration and temperature fluctuations, maintaining long-term stable support performance, and reducing the risk of structural failure. Example

[0026] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 A copper mine roof support device based on rock mass includes a metal mesh 1 attached to the mine wall, multiple metal supports 2 equidistantly arranged inside the metal mesh 1, and multiple anchor cables 3 penetrating into the mine wall and arranged in rows at equal intervals. A dome support frame 4 is provided on the top of the metal supports 2, and a support block 5 in contact with the metal mesh 1 is fixedly connected to the support end of the dome support frame 4. A support rod 6 is provided between the metal supports 2 and the dome support frame 4. A first pad 7 for use with the metal supports 2 is fixedly sleeved on the surface of the support rod 6. An adjustment and limiting mechanism 8 is provided on the surface of the support rod 6. A tray 9 for use with the metal mesh 1 is sleeved on the end of the anchor cable 3 outside the mine wall. A crossbeam plate 10 for engaging with the anchor cable 3 is provided between the two trays 9. The cross-sectional shape of the crossbeam plate 10 is preferably I-shaped. A top bolt 11 is screwed onto the top of the metal mesh 1. The other end of the top bolt 11 rotates to form a locking block 12 that works in conjunction with the metal mesh 1. Through the coordinated design of the crossbeam plate 10, the top bolt 11, and the locking block 12, the problem of uneven stress on the metal mesh 1 in traditional support is effectively solved. The crossbeam plate 10 spans between the trays 9 of the anchor cables 3. After the top bolt 11 is screwed on, it pushes the locking block 12 to press the metal mesh 1, so that the anchoring force of the anchor cables 3 is evenly transmitted to all areas of the metal mesh 1 through the crossbeam plate 10 and the locking block 12. This transforms the traditional point stress into a line-plus-surface stress, avoiding local stress concentration in the metal mesh 1. This design enhances the overall stress performance of the metal mesh 1, effectively prevents it from tearing and breaking, reduces the safety hazard of falling rock fragments, improves the overall safety and durability of the support system, and reduces the frequency and cost of later maintenance of the metal mesh 1.

[0027] refer to Figure 4 Both ends of the crossbeam plate 10 are provided with semi-circular locking grooves 15. By setting the semi-circular locking grooves 15, the semi-circular locking grooves 15 can be precisely fitted with the outer wall of the anchor cable 3, realizing the rapid positioning of the crossbeam plate 10 between the two anchor cables 3, avoiding the transverse sliding of the crossbeam plate 10, and ensuring its installation accuracy across the spacing of the tray 9. After the locking groove is engaged with the anchor cable 3, the tension stress of the anchor cable 3 is stably transferred to the crossbeam plate 10, and then transmitted to the metal mesh 1 through the top bolt 11 and locking block 12 on the crossbeam plate 10, so that the anchoring force evenly covers the unprotected area between the trays 9. The semi-circular structure is adapted to the circular contour of the anchor cable 3, and the initial positioning of the crossbeam plate 10 can be completed without additional fasteners, reducing the construction difficulty and improving the installation efficiency.

[0028] Brief description of usage: The support structure is switched according to the shape of the mine roof. For a dome roof, support rods 6 are inserted into the corresponding holes 14 of the metal bracket 2 and the dome support frame 4 to assemble the dome support skeleton. For a flat roof, the dome support frame 4 and support rods 6 are removed, leaving only the metal bracket 2. Anchor cables 3 are anchored deep into the mine wall to stabilize the rock mass. In the dome roof condition, the side wall anchor cables 3 are locked with tension locks 13 after passing through the metal bracket 2, and the top anchor cables 3 are secured to the tray 9 via tension locks 13. In the flat roof condition, all anchor cables 3 are locked to the brackets with tension locks 13 after passing through the metal bracket 2, forming an anchor cable 3 anchor... In the solid support system, the pressure on the top plate is borne by the dome support frame 4 or the metal bracket 2 and transmitted to the metal bracket 2 via the support rod 6. The crossbeam plate 10 is connected to the anchor cable 3 through the semi-circular locking groove 15. Combined with the top bolt 11 and the locking block 12, the prestress of the anchor cable 3 is evenly transmitted to the metal mesh 1 to avoid local stress concentration and achieve balanced support throughout the entire area. The high-strength stainless steel material ensures the load resistance and corrosion resistance of each component. The adjusting nut 82 adjusts the extension and retraction of the support rod 6 through the second pad 81 to ensure that the bracket and the top plate are tightly fitted. The tension lock 13 locks the stress of the anchor cable 3 and together maintains the long-term stability of the support system.

[0029] Parts have a lifespan and can be replaced during regular maintenance when they no longer meet performance requirements. The fact that parts deteriorate in performance due to prolonged use is not a design defect of this application.

[0030] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without contributing any inventive step, but as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present utility model, they are protected by patent law.

Claims

1. A copper mine roof support device based on rock mass, comprising a metal mesh (1) attached to the mine wall, multiple metal supports (2) arranged equidistantly inside the metal mesh (1), and multiple anchor cables (3) penetrating into the mine wall and arranged in rows at equal intervals, characterized in that: The top of the metal support (2) is provided with a dome support frame (4). The support end of the dome support frame (4) is fixedly connected to a support block (5) that contacts the metal mesh (1). A support rod (6) is provided between the metal support (2) and the dome support frame (4). A first pad (7) that works with the metal support (2) is fixedly sleeved on the surface of the support rod (6). An adjustment limiting mechanism (8) is provided on the surface of the support rod (6). A tray (9) that works with the metal mesh (1) is sleeved on one end of the anchor cable (3) outside the mine wall. A crossbeam plate (10) that is engaged with the anchor cable (3) is provided between the two trays (9). A top bolt (11) is screwed onto the crossbeam plate (10). A locking block (12) that works with the metal mesh (1) is rotated on the other end of the top bolt (11).

2. The copper mine roof support device based on rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment limiting mechanism (8) includes a second pad (81) sleeved on the surface of the support rod (6) and located at the bottom of the dome support frame (4). The bottom of the second pad (81) is provided with an adjustment nut (82) that is threadedly connected to the support rod (6).

3. A copper mine roof support device based on rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchor cable (3) is fitted with a tensioning lock (13) at one end outside the mine wall.

4. A copper mine roof support device based on rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the metal bracket (2) and the dome support frame (4) are provided with corresponding insertion holes (14), and the two insertion holes (14) are inserted into the two ends of the support rod (6).

5. A copper mine roof support device based on rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both ends of the crossbeam plate (10) are provided with semi-circular slots (15).

6. A copper mine roof support device based on rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal bracket (2), anchor cable (3), dome support frame (4) and support rod (6) are all made of high-strength stainless steel.

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