supporting device

Abstract

The application relates to a supporting device which comprises a bearing rod body and at least one group of energy-absorbing structures, all the energy-absorbing structures are installed on the bearing rod body, and all the energy-absorbing structures are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the bearing rod body, each group of energy-absorbing structures comprises: a primary energy-absorbing unit which is sleeved on the bearing rod body, the primary energy-absorbing unit comprises a plurality of energy-absorbing cavities which are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the bearing rod body; a secondary energy-absorbing unit which is sleeved on the bearing rod body and abuts against the primary energy-absorbing unit in the axial direction of the bearing rod body; and a tertiary energy-absorbing unit which is sleeved on the bearing rod body and is arranged at intervals on the side of the secondary energy-absorbing unit away from the primary energy-absorbing unit. The supporting device is designed by combining the primary energy-absorbing unit, the secondary energy-absorbing unit and the tertiary energy-absorbing unit, so that the impact energy can be absorbed in stages and released in ductility, the stress concentration of the bearing rod body is obviously reduced, and the problems of yield fracture and early failure which are prone to occur in high ground stress tunnels are effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of disaster prevention and mitigation technology in tunnels and underground engineering, and in particular to a support device. Background Technology

[0002] During tunnel and underground cavern excavation, external construction disturbances can lead to a redistribution of stress in the surrounding rock and stress concentration. When the releaseable strain energy of a local unit within the rock mass exceeds its maximum stored strain energy, that unit will become unstable and fail. Rockburst disasters are particularly frequent during underground cavern excavation under high ground stress environments.

[0003] Rockbursts are characterized by their suddenness, high destructiveness, and dynamic instability, posing a serious threat to construction personnel and equipment and adversely affecting construction progress. To improve the stability of the surrounding rock, shotcrete combined with rock bolt support is a widely used reinforcement method in current tunnel engineering, with rock bolt support playing a crucial role in controlling surrounding rock deformation and preventing instability.

[0004] However, due to structural defects, existing rock bolt supports have limited deformation capacity and low energy dissipation capacity, making it difficult to absorb the impact energy of the surrounding rock and effectively suppress rockburst phenomena. Utility Model Content

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a support device to address the problem that anchor bolt support is not effective in suppressing rockburst phenomena.

[0006] A support device includes a load-bearing rod and at least one set of energy-absorbing structures. All the energy-absorbing structures are mounted on the load-bearing rod and are spaced apart along the axial direction of the load-bearing rod. Each set of energy-absorbing structures includes:

[0007] A primary energy-absorbing unit is sleeved on the supporting rod. The primary energy-absorbing unit includes multiple energy-absorbing chambers, all of which are arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the supporting rod. The primary energy-absorbing unit can deform under the action of external force.

[0008] A secondary energy-absorbing unit is sleeved on the supporting rod and abuts against the primary energy-absorbing unit axially on the supporting rod. The secondary energy-absorbing unit is capable of breaking under external force.

[0009] The third-stage energy-absorbing unit is sleeved on the supporting rod and is located at a distance from the second-stage energy-absorbing unit on the side away from the first-stage energy-absorbing unit. The third-stage energy-absorbing unit can break under the action of external force.

[0010] In one embodiment, each energy-absorbing cavity includes a plurality of sub-energy-absorbing cavities, and all the sub-energy-absorbing cavities of the same energy-absorbing cavity are arranged circumferentially along the support rod.

[0011] In one embodiment, the primary energy absorption unit includes:

[0012] A connecting sleeve is fitted onto the bearing rod.

[0013] Multiple transverse energy-absorbing plates are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the connecting sleeve; and

[0014] Multiple sets of longitudinal energy-absorbing plates, each set of longitudinal energy-absorbing plates is arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the connecting sleeve, each transverse energy-absorbing plate is located between two adjacent sets of longitudinal energy-absorbing plates, each set of longitudinal energy-absorbing plates includes multiple sub-longitudinal energy-absorbing plates, and all the sub-longitudinal energy-absorbing plates in each set of longitudinal energy-absorbing plates are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the connecting sleeve;

[0015] The connecting sleeve, the longitudinal energy-absorbing plate, and the transverse energy-absorbing plate together form a plurality of sub-energy-absorbing cavities.

[0016] In one embodiment, the primary energy-absorbing unit further includes a housing that surrounds the transverse and longitudinal energy-absorbing plates circumferentially around the connecting sleeve.

[0017] In one embodiment, the primary energy-absorbing unit is sleeved outside the secondary energy-absorbing unit; or

[0018] The secondary energy-absorbing unit is located axially on the outside of one end of the primary energy-absorbing unit.

[0019] In one embodiment, the secondary energy-absorbing unit is fixedly connected to the supporting rod.

[0020] In one embodiment, the supporting rod includes at least two sub-supporting rods, all of which are detachably connected in sequence, and each sub-supporting rod is provided with a set of energy-absorbing structures.

[0021] In one embodiment, the primary energy-absorbing unit is detachably fitted onto the sub-supporting rod.

[0022] In one embodiment, the support device further includes a fastening structure sleeved on the load-bearing rod and spaced apart on one side of all the energy-absorbing structures.

[0023] In one embodiment, the fastening structure includes a pad and a fastener, the pad being sleeved on the bearing rod, the fastener being located on the side of the pad away from the energy-absorbing structure, and the fastener abutting against the pad along the axial direction of the bearing rod.

[0024] When the aforementioned support device is subjected to axial load, the primary energy-absorbing unit deforms beforehand. When the axial load on the support device exceeds the yield limit of the secondary energy-absorbing unit, the secondary energy-absorbing unit fractures, and the primary energy-absorbing unit, freed from the constraint of the secondary unit, moves toward the tertiary energy-absorbing unit. Simultaneously, the primary energy-absorbing unit undergoes further yield deformation to absorb impact energy. Since the primary energy-absorbing unit comprises multiple energy-absorbing chambers arranged sequentially along the axial direction, it possesses strong energy absorption and deformation capabilities. When the primary energy-absorbing unit contacts the tertiary energy-absorbing unit, it resists the tertiary unit and can further deform under external force. When the axial load on the tertiary energy-absorbing unit exceeds its yield limit, the tertiary energy-absorbing unit fractures, allowing the primary energy-absorbing unit to continue moving and trigger adjacent energy-absorbing structures. Therefore, multiple sets of energy-absorbing structures can absorb energy sequentially.

[0025] In this way, the support device, through the combined design of primary, secondary and tertiary energy absorption units, achieves graded energy dissipation and ductile release of impact energy, significantly reduces stress concentration in the bearing rod, and effectively reduces the problems of yield fracture and early failure that are prone to occur in high ground stress tunnels. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments of this application and their descriptions are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application.

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a support device according to one embodiment of this application.

[0029] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of the support device.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the primary energy-absorbing unit of the support device according to one embodiment of this application.

[0031] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0032] 100. Support device; 20. Bearing rod; 40. Energy-absorbing structure; 41. Primary energy-absorbing unit; 41a. Energy-absorbing cavity; 412. Connecting sleeve; 414. Longitudinal energy-absorbing plate; 416. Transverse energy-absorbing plate; 418. Outer shell; 43. Secondary energy-absorbing unit; 45. Tertiary energy-absorbing unit; 60. Fastening structure; 61. Pad; 63. Fastener. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0034] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" appear, these terms indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0035] Furthermore, where the terms "first" and "second" appear, these terms are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, where the term "multiple" appears, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0036] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0037] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the use of descriptions such as "above" or "below" the second feature indicates that the first and second features are in direct contact or indirect contact via an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. Similarly, "below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0038] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. If so, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0039] See Figures 1 to 3 The embodiments of this application provide a support device 100, which can be inserted into the surrounding rock of the tunnel and is used to prevent rock bursts during tunnel construction.

[0040] Specifically, the support device 100 includes a supporting rod 20 and at least one set of energy-absorbing structures 40. All energy-absorbing structures 40 are installed on the supporting rod 20 and are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the supporting rod 20. In one embodiment, the support device 100 includes two sets of energy-absorbing structures 40, which are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the supporting rod 20. It is understood that the number of energy-absorbing structures 40 is not limited and can be set as needed to meet different rockburst protection requirements.

[0041] Furthermore, each energy-absorbing structure 40 includes a primary energy-absorbing unit 41, a secondary energy-absorbing unit 43, and a tertiary energy-absorbing unit 45.

[0042] The primary energy-absorbing unit 41 is fitted onto the supporting rod 20. The primary energy-absorbing unit 41 includes multiple energy-absorbing chambers 41a, all arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the supporting rod 20. The primary energy-absorbing unit 41 can deform under external force. The secondary energy-absorbing unit 43 is fitted onto the supporting rod 20 and abuts against the primary energy-absorbing unit 41 along the axial direction of the supporting rod 20. The secondary energy-absorbing unit 43 can break under external force. The tertiary energy-absorbing unit 45 is fitted onto the supporting rod 20 and spaced apart from the secondary energy-absorbing unit 45 on the side away from the primary energy-absorbing unit 41. The tertiary energy-absorbing unit 45 can break under external force.

[0043] When the support device 100 is subjected to an axial load, the primary energy-absorbing unit 41 deforms beforehand during the stress process. When the axial load on the support device 100 exceeds the yield limit of the secondary energy-absorbing unit 41, the secondary energy-absorbing unit 41 fractures, and the primary energy-absorbing unit 43 loses the constraint of the secondary energy-absorbing unit 41 and moves toward the tertiary energy-absorbing unit 45. At the same time, the primary energy-absorbing unit 43 further undergoes yield deformation to absorb impact energy. Since the primary energy-absorbing unit 41 includes multiple energy-absorbing cavities 41a arranged sequentially along the axial direction, it has a strong energy absorption and deformation capacity. When the primary energy-absorbing unit 41 contacts the tertiary energy-absorbing unit 45, the primary energy-absorbing unit 41 abuts against the tertiary energy-absorbing unit 45 and can further deform under the action of external force. When the axial load on the tertiary energy-absorbing unit 45 exceeds its yield limit, the tertiary energy-absorbing unit 45 fractures, so that the primary energy-absorbing unit 41 can continue to move to trigger adjacent energy-absorbing structures 40. Therefore, multiple sets of energy-absorbing structures 40 can absorb energy sequentially.

[0044] Thus, the support device 100, through the combined design of the primary energy absorption unit 41, the secondary energy absorption unit 43 and the tertiary energy absorption unit 45, achieves graded energy dissipation and ductile release of impact energy, significantly reduces stress concentration in the bearing rod 20, and effectively reduces the problems of yield fracture and early failure that are prone to occur in high ground stress tunnels.

[0045] Please continue reading. Figures 1 to 3 The bearing rod 20 has a cylindrical tubular structure and is used to bear the main support load. As a preferred embodiment, the bearing rod 20 is a hollow grouting anchor rod made of high-strength alloy steel, thus reducing the likelihood of early fracture during rockburst impact. It is understood that the material of the bearing rod 20 is not limited and can be configured as needed to achieve different protective effects.

[0046] The primary energy absorption unit 41 has an overall cylindrical structure, including a connecting sleeve 412, multiple longitudinal energy absorption plates 414, multiple transverse energy absorption plates 416, and a housing 418. The connecting sleeve 412, longitudinal energy absorption plates 414, transverse energy absorption plates 416, and housing 418 together form multiple energy absorption cavities 41a to absorb loads.

[0047] The connecting sleeve 412 has a hollow cylindrical structure. The central axis of the connecting sleeve 412 coincides with the central axis of the bearing rod 20, and the inner diameter of the connecting sleeve 412 matches the outer diameter of the bearing rod 20.

[0048] All transverse energy-absorbing plates 416 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the connecting sleeve 412. Each transverse energy-absorbing plate 416 has a circular flat plate structure. The central axis of each transverse energy-absorbing plate 416 coincides with the central axis of the connecting sleeve 412. The thickness direction of each transverse energy-absorbing plate 416 is parallel to the axial direction of the connecting sleeve 412.

[0049] It is understood that the number of transverse energy-absorbing plates 416 can be set as needed. The thickness, shape and size of different transverse energy-absorbing plates 416 can be the same or different. The distance between each two adjacent transverse energy-absorbing plates 416 can be the same or different, so that different surrounding rock grades and rockburst impact energy can be flexibly matched as needed, and it has good adaptability.

[0050] All longitudinal energy-absorbing plates 414 are arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the connecting sleeve 412. Each transverse energy-absorbing plate 416 is located between two adjacent sets of longitudinal energy-absorbing plates 414, and the orthographic projections of each set of longitudinal energy-absorbing plates 414 on the plane perpendicular to the connecting sleeve 412 completely overlap.

[0051] Each set of longitudinal energy-absorbing plates 414 includes multiple sub-longitudinal energy-absorbing plates. All the sub-longitudinal energy-absorbing plates in each set of longitudinal energy-absorbing plates 414 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the connecting sleeve 412. Each sub-longitudinal energy-absorbing plate has a rectangular plate structure. One side of each sub-longitudinal energy-absorbing plate is connected to the connecting sleeve 412, and the other side extends along a radial direction away from the connecting sleeve 412, thereby forming a radial structure.

[0052] It is understood that the number of longitudinal energy-absorbing plates 414 can be set as needed. The thickness, shape and size of different sub-longitudinal energy-absorbing plates can be the same or different. The angle between each two adjacent sub-longitudinal energy-absorbing plates can be the same or different, so that different surrounding rock grades and rockburst impact energy can be flexibly matched as needed, and it has good adaptability.

[0053] The outer shell 418 has a hollow cylindrical structure and surrounds the longitudinal energy-absorbing plate 414 and the transverse energy-absorbing plate 416 circumferentially. The central axis of the outer shell 418 coincides with the central axis of the connecting sleeve 412. It can be understood that the wall thickness and shape of the outer shell 418 can be set as needed to meet different requirements.

[0054] Thus, an energy-absorbing cavity 41a is formed between every two adjacent transverse energy-absorbing plates 416, surrounding the connecting sleeve 412. Each set of longitudinal energy-absorbing plates 414 divides one energy-absorbing cavity 41a into multiple sub-energy-absorbing cavities. All sub-energy-absorbing cavities of the same energy-absorbing cavity 41a are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the supporting rod 20. The cross-section of each sub-energy-absorbing cavity is fan-shaped, and the width of each sub-energy-absorbing cavity gradually increases from the end near the connecting sleeve 412 to the end near the outer shell 418. The number, shape, and size of the sub-energy-absorbing cavities can be set as needed. The shape and size of different sub-energy-absorbing cavities can be the same or different, thereby meeting different energy absorption requirements.

[0055] In some embodiments, the primary energy-absorbing unit 41 is made of aluminum alloy or other metallic materials with controllable plastic deformation properties, thus gradually yielding and collapsing under axial loads to release energy in stages. It is understood that the material of the primary energy-absorbing unit 41 is not limited and can be configured as needed to meet different requirements.

[0056] Please continue reading. Figures 1 to 3 In some embodiments, the secondary energy-absorbing unit 43 has a cylindrical structure and is sleeved on the outside of the supporting rod 20, and the primary energy-absorbing unit 41 is sleeved on the outside of the secondary energy-absorbing unit 43. The secondary energy-absorbing unit 43 can limit the primary energy-absorbing unit 41 in the axial direction of the supporting rod 20.

[0057] In other embodiments, the secondary energy-absorbing unit 43 is in the form of a circular plate structure. The secondary energy-absorbing unit 43 is disposed outside one end of the primary energy-absorbing unit 41 in the axial direction of the supporting rod 20, thereby limiting the primary energy-absorbing unit 41 in the axial direction of the supporting rod 20.

[0058] Furthermore, the secondary energy-absorbing unit 43 is fixedly connected to the supporting rod 20 by welding or other methods, thereby constraining the primary energy-absorbing unit 41. It is understood that the fixing method between the secondary energy-absorbing unit 43 and the supporting rod 20 is not limited to this and can be configured as needed to meet different requirements.

[0059] In some embodiments, the secondary energy-absorbing unit 43 is formed of materials such as low-yield-strength steel or brittle alloys. Therefore, when the axial load applied to the secondary energy-absorbing unit 43 exceeds its yield strength, the secondary energy-absorbing unit 43 can fracture. After losing the constraint of the secondary energy-absorbing unit 43, the primary energy-absorbing unit 41 can move towards the tertiary energy-absorbing unit 45 under the action of the axial load. It is understood that the material, shape, and size of the secondary energy-absorbing unit 43 are not limited and can be configured as needed to meet different requirements.

[0060] In one specific embodiment, the three-stage energy-absorbing unit 45 has a circular flat plate structure, and its central axis coincides with the central axis of the supporting rod 20. The three-stage energy-absorbing unit 45 is formed of a brittle alloy material. When the axial load applied to the three-stage energy-absorbing unit 45 exceeds its yield strength, the three-stage energy-absorbing unit 45 fractures, causing the first-stage energy-absorbing unit 43 to lose its constraint and move towards the adjacent energy-absorbing structure 40. It is understood that the shape, size, and material of the three-stage energy-absorbing unit 45 are not limited. It can be configured as needed to meet different requirements.

[0061] It is understandable that the design parameters of different energy-absorbing structures 40 can be the same or different. The design parameters of different energy-absorbing structures 40 can be adjusted according to the required graded energy absorption level, so as to meet different rockburst prevention requirements.

[0062] In some embodiments, the support device 100 further includes a fastening structure 60, which is sleeved on one end of the bearing rod 20 and spaced apart on one side of all energy-absorbing structures 40. The fastening structure 60 is used to abut against the rock wall of the surrounding rock and to transfer the tension of the bearing rod 20 to the surrounding rock, thereby achieving long-term stable support.

[0063] In one specific embodiment, the fastening structure 60 includes a pad 61 and a fastener 63. The pad 61 has an annular plate structure, and is sleeved on the bearing rod 20 with its central axis coinciding with the central axis of the bearing rod 20. The fastener 63 has a hollow rotating body structure, and is sleeved on the bearing rod 20 on the side of the pad 61 away from the energy-absorbing structure 40, and abuts against the pad 61 along the axial direction of the bearing rod 20.

[0064] More specifically in one embodiment, the pad 61 is a pressed steel plate, the fastener 63 is a flat-topped conical nut, the outer diameter of the fastener 63 gradually decreases from the end near the pad 61 to the end away from the pad 61, and the connection between the fastener 63 and the bearing rod 20 can be a threaded connection.

[0065] In some embodiments, the supporting rod 20 has a segmented structure, including at least two sub-supporting rods. All sub-supporting rods are detachably connected in sequence. Each sub-supporting rod is provided with a set of energy-absorbing structures 40, and a primary energy-absorbing unit 41 is detachably sleeved on the sub-supporting rod, while a secondary energy-absorbing unit 43 and a tertiary energy-absorbing unit 45 are fixedly connected to the sub-supporting rod. Specifically, in some embodiments, adjacent sub-supporting rods are detachably connected by connectors. It is understood that the connection method of the sub-supporting rods is not limited and can be configured as needed to meet different assembly and disassembly requirements.

[0066] Thus, when the primary energy-absorbing unit 41 fails, it can be replaced by disassembling the sub-bearing rod, thereby reducing the maintenance cost of the support device 100.

[0067] During construction, installation holes can be first drilled in the surrounding rock, then the support device 100 can be inserted into the surrounding rock, and finally, anchoring medium can be injected into the installation holes. This allows the support device 100 to work as a whole with the surrounding rock, improving the interface strength between the support device 100 and the surrounding rock and enhancing the system's impact resistance. As a preferred implementation method, a high-adhesion, fast-setting grout is used as the anchoring medium.

[0068] The aforementioned support device 100, by setting at least one energy-absorbing structure 40 on the bearing rod 20, and the energy-absorbing structure 40 including a primary energy-absorbing unit 41, a secondary energy-absorbing unit 43, and a tertiary energy-absorbing unit 45, has the function of "gradual yielding-segmented energy dissipation", realizing the staged absorption of impact energy, significantly reducing the stress concentration of the bearing rod 20, effectively releasing the strain energy of the surrounding rock in high ground stress tunnels, having high energy dissipation capacity and reliability, effectively preventing early damage to the bearing rod 20, and enhancing the rockburst prevention effect.

[0069] Furthermore, the shape and size of the primary energy-absorbing unit 41, the secondary energy-absorbing unit 43, and the tertiary energy-absorbing unit 45 can be adjusted to match different rockburst levels as needed. In addition, the construction process of this support device 100 is consistent with existing construction processes, making it highly applicable and capable of effectively improving the reliability and economy of tunnel support. It effectively solves problems such as insufficient energy consumption capacity, poor impact resistance, and poor adaptability in existing tunnel support technologies.

[0070] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0071] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A support device, characterized in that, The system includes a support rod and at least one set of energy-absorbing structures. All the energy-absorbing structures are installed on the support rod and are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the support rod. Each set of energy-absorbing structures includes: A primary energy-absorbing unit is sleeved on the supporting rod. The primary energy-absorbing unit includes multiple energy-absorbing chambers, all of which are arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the supporting rod. The primary energy-absorbing unit can deform under the action of external force. A secondary energy-absorbing unit is sleeved on the supporting rod and abuts against the primary energy-absorbing unit axially on the supporting rod. The secondary energy-absorbing unit is capable of breaking under external force. The third-stage energy-absorbing unit is sleeved on the supporting rod and is located at a distance from the second-stage energy-absorbing unit on the side away from the first-stage energy-absorbing unit. The third-stage energy-absorbing unit can break under the action of external force.

2. The support device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each energy-absorbing cavity includes multiple sub-energy-absorbing cavities, and all the sub-energy-absorbing cavities of the same energy-absorbing cavity are arranged circumferentially along the supporting rod.

3. The support device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The primary energy absorption unit includes: A connecting sleeve is fitted onto the bearing rod body; Multiple transverse energy-absorbing plates are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the connecting sleeve; and Multiple sets of longitudinal energy-absorbing plates, each set of longitudinal energy-absorbing plates is arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the connecting sleeve, each transverse energy-absorbing plate is located between two adjacent sets of longitudinal energy-absorbing plates, each set of longitudinal energy-absorbing plates includes multiple sub-longitudinal energy-absorbing plates, and all the sub-longitudinal energy-absorbing plates in each set of longitudinal energy-absorbing plates are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the connecting sleeve; The connecting sleeve, the longitudinal energy-absorbing plate, and the transverse energy-absorbing plate together form a plurality of sub-energy-absorbing cavities.

4. The support device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The primary energy-absorbing unit also includes a housing, which surrounds the transverse energy-absorbing plate and the longitudinal energy-absorbing plate circumferentially around the connecting sleeve.

5. The support device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The primary energy-absorbing unit is fitted outside the secondary energy-absorbing unit; or The secondary energy-absorbing unit is located axially on the outside of one end of the primary energy-absorbing unit.

6. The support device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The secondary energy absorption unit is fixedly connected to the supporting rod.

7. The support device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The supporting rod body includes at least two sub-supporting rod bodies, all of which are detachably connected in sequence, and each sub-supporting rod body is provided with a set of energy-absorbing structures.

8. The support device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The primary energy-absorbing unit is detachably fitted onto the sub-supporting rod.

9. The support device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support device also includes a fastening structure, which is sleeved on the bearing rod and spaced apart on one side of all the energy-absorbing structures.

10. The support device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The fastening structure includes a pad and a fastener. The pad is sleeved on the bearing rod, and the fastener is located on the side of the pad away from the energy-absorbing structure, and the fastener abuts against the pad along the axial direction of the bearing rod.

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