Pure electric tractor gearbox
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202620003893.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-27
- Estimated Expiration
- 2036-01-05
AI Technical Summary
[0003]现有的纯电拖拉机变速箱采用分体式布局，即为行走驱动、PTO输出及用于转向、提升等液压系统分别配置独立的电机和减速机构，导致整机结构冗杂，变速箱占用空间大、制造成本高，且各系统间协同性差，能量利用率低，尤其在中马力紧凑型平台上，空间矛盾尤为突出，不利于后期的维护
[0006]本实用新型的纯电拖拉机变速箱包括主驱单元和PTO单元，主驱单元的主驱电机的动力通过太阳轮输入，从行星架输出行走动力，采用行星齿轮机构，不仅结构紧凑，可获得较大的传动比，而且传动单元效率高，非常适用于中马力纯电拖拉机中单级减速的工作情况。本实用新型的PTO单元将PTO电机的动力分为两路输出，一路通过啮合套输入到PTO主动齿轮，通过PTO被动齿轮最终输入到PTO输出轴，其中啮合套可切断或者传递PTO动力，控制灵活；另一路通过常啮合的液压主动齿轮、液压被动齿轮输入到液压输出轴，为液压泵提供动力。本实用新型的变速箱将行走驱动、PTO输出和液压动力源三大功能模块的集成于一个变速箱壳体内，布局紧凑，极大利用了紧凑空间，解决了纯电拖拉机平台布局难题从根本上破解多功能协调与空间布置的难题，推动纯电拖拉机向高性能、高可靠性方向发展。本实用新型采用PTO电机独立驱动，使PTO作业和液压系统的工作状态与拖拉机行走速度完全解耦，均可独立控制在高效率转速区间，综合能量利用率高。本实用新型基于PTO电机直驱，实现了对PTO转速和液压输出的精准、线性控制，为自动驾驶、精准施肥播种等智能农业作业奠定了优越的执行器基础。本实用新型省去了为液压系统单独设置驱动电机的需求，简化了变速箱结构，降低了维护复杂度，提高了变速箱工作可靠性。
Smart Images
Figure CN224903915U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to a pure electric tractor gearbox, belonging to the technical field of pure electric tractor gearboxes. Background Technology
[0002] Wheeled tractors are mainly used for field operations. With the advantages of energy saving and power performance, electric tractors are gradually becoming a new direction for industry development. However, the design of their power transmission systems still faces significant challenges. Pure electric tractor gearboxes can achieve continuously variable transmissions and provide power to various implements through a PTO (Power Take-Off) mechanism. Currently, one structure for pure electric tractor gearboxes uses a single motor to simultaneously drive the vehicle and output PTO power. However, a single motor cannot meet the independent speed and torque requirements of both. Another type of pure electric tractor gearbox can use a drive motor and a PTO motor respectively. The drive motor is connected to the travel input shaft and is connected to the corresponding travel input shaft and travel output shaft through a high-gear travel gear pair and a low-gear travel gear pair respectively. Through the travel engagement sleeve, it meshes with the high-gear travel driven gear and the low-gear travel driven gear respectively to realize the output of high-gear and low-gear travel power to the rear of the vehicle to achieve vehicle movement. At the same time, the PTO motor is connected to the PTO input shaft and transmits power through a pair of gears to the PTO intermediate shaft and then to the PTO output shaft. The PTO engagement sleeve controls the PTO low-gear gear pair and the PTO high-gear gear pair to realize power output, which can realize dual-motor travel drive and PTO output.
[0003] Existing pure electric tractor gearboxes employ a split layout, meaning that separate motors and reduction mechanisms are configured for the walking drive, PTO output, and hydraulic systems used for steering and lifting. This results in a complex overall structure, a large gearbox footprint, high manufacturing costs, poor coordination between systems, and low energy utilization. Space constraints are particularly pronounced on medium-horsepower compact platforms, hindering future maintenance. While using multiple motors to drive the corresponding power systems can achieve decoupled control, it leads to a complex transmission system structure, high manufacturing costs, and difficult spatial layout. Therefore, pure electric gearboxes generally suffer from complex transmission paths, significant efficiency losses, or the inability to achieve complete decoupled control. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a pure electric tractor gearbox that integrates multiple functions such as walking drive, PTO output, and hydraulic power source into a single gearbox. This gearbox features a compact layout, flexible control, simple transmission structure, and high transmission efficiency, fundamentally solving the problems of multi-functional coordination and space arrangement.
[0005] The technical solution of this utility model to achieve the above-mentioned objective is: a pure electric tractor gearbox, characterized in that it includes a gearbox housing, a main drive unit, and a PTO unit; The main drive unit includes a main drive motor and a travel transmission mechanism housed in the gearbox housing. The travel transmission mechanism includes a travel input shaft, a planetary gear mechanism, and a travel output shaft. The travel input shaft and the travel output shaft are supported on the gearbox housing and can rotate. The output side of the main drive motor is connected to one end of the travel input shaft. The sun gear of the planetary gear mechanism is connected to the other end of the travel input shaft. The ring gear of the planetary gear mechanism is fixed on the gearbox housing. The planetary gears connected to the planet carrier mesh with the sun gear and the ring gear. The planet carrier is connected to one end of the travel output shaft. The PTO unit includes a PTO motor, a PTO transmission mechanism, and a hydraulic transmission mechanism disposed within the gearbox housing. The PTO transmission mechanism includes a PTO input shaft, a PTO drive gear, a PTO driven gear, and a PTO output shaft. The PTO input shaft and PTO output shaft are supported on the gearbox housing and can rotate. The output side of the PTO motor is connected to the PTO input shaft. The PTO drive gear with engagement teeth is fitted onto the PTO input shaft and can rotate freely. A meshing sleeve is connected to the PTO input shaft. The movable tooth seat on the meshing sleeve moves axially to mesh with the engagement teeth on the PTO drive gear to transmit power or disengage from the engagement teeth to cut off power. The PTO driven gear is connected to the PTO output shaft. The PTO drive gear and the PTO driven gear are constantly meshed. The hydraulic transmission mechanism includes a hydraulic output shaft, a hydraulic drive gear, and a hydraulic driven gear; the hydraulic output shaft is supported on the gearbox housing and can rotate; the hydraulic drive gear is connected to the PTO input shaft; the hydraulic driven gear is connected to the hydraulic output shaft; and the hydraulic drive gear and the hydraulic driven gear are constantly meshed.
[0006] This utility model discloses a pure electric tractor gearbox comprising a main drive unit and a PTO unit. The main drive unit's main drive motor receives power from the sun gear and outputs travel power from the planetary carrier, employing a planetary gear mechanism. This mechanism is not only compact and provides a large transmission ratio, but also boasts high efficiency, making it highly suitable for single-stage reduction operation in medium-horsepower pure electric tractors. The PTO unit of this utility model divides the PTO motor's power into two output paths. One path inputs power to the PTO drive gear via a meshing sleeve, and finally to the PTO output shaft via the PTO driven gear. The meshing sleeve can cut off or transmit PTO power, offering flexible control. The other path inputs power to the hydraulic output shaft via constantly meshed hydraulic drive and driven gears, providing power to the hydraulic pump. This utility model integrates the three major functional modules—travel drive, PTO output, and hydraulic power source—within a single gearbox housing. Its compact layout maximizes space utilization, solving the layout challenges of pure electric tractor platforms and fundamentally addressing the problem of multi-functional coordination and spatial arrangement, thus driving the development of pure electric tractors towards high performance and high reliability. This invention employs an independent PTO motor drive, completely decoupling the PTO operation and hydraulic system's working state from the tractor's travel speed. Both can be independently controlled within a high-efficiency speed range, resulting in high overall energy utilization. Based on direct drive of the PTO motor, this invention achieves precise and linear control of the PTO speed and hydraulic output, laying a superior actuator foundation for intelligent agricultural operations such as autonomous driving and precision fertilization and sowing. This invention eliminates the need for a separate drive motor for the hydraulic system, simplifies the gearbox structure, reduces maintenance complexity, and improves gearbox reliability. Attached Figure Description
[0007] The embodiments of this utility model will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0008] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of the pure electric tractor gearbox of this utility model.
[0009] Wherein: 1—Main drive motor, 2—Travel connecting sleeve, 3—Travel input shaft, 4—Sun gear, 5—Ring gear, 6—Planetary gear, 7—Planet carrier, 8—Travel output shaft, 9—PTO driven gear, 10—PTO output shaft, 11—PTO drive gear, 11-1—Engine gear, 12—PTO input shaft, 13—Meshing sleeve, 14—Hydraulic drive gear, 15—Hydraulic driven gear, 16—Hydraulic output shaft, 17—Gearbox housing, 17-1—Block, 17-2—Rear end cover, 17-3—Rear housing wall, 17-4—Intermediate wall plate, 17-5—Lower wall plate, 18—Hydraulic guide wheel, 19—Guide wheel shaft, 20—PTO connecting sleeve, 21—PTO motor. Detailed Implementation
[0010] See Figure 1As shown, the present invention provides a pure electric tractor gearbox, which includes a gearbox housing 17, a main drive unit and a PTO unit. The PTO unit also has PTO output and hydraulic power output, thus efficiently integrating the three core functions of walking drive, PTO output and hydraulic power source into the gearbox housing 17.
[0011] See Figure 1 As shown, the main drive unit of this utility model includes a main drive motor 1 and a travel transmission mechanism disposed within a gearbox housing 17. The main drive motor 1 provides power for the tractor's movement. The travel transmission mechanism includes a travel input shaft 3, a planetary gear mechanism, and a travel output shaft 8. The travel input shaft 3 and the travel output shaft 8 are supported on the gearbox housing 17 and can rotate. The output side of the main drive motor 1 is connected to one end of the travel input shaft 3, and the sun gear 4 of the planetary gear mechanism is connected to the other end of the travel input shaft 3. The main drive motor 1 drives the travel input shaft 3 to rotate, and the power of the main drive motor 1 is output from the travel output shaft 8 via the planetary gear mechanism. See Figure 1 As shown, the ring gear 5 of the planetary gear mechanism of this invention is fixed on the gearbox housing 17. The planetary gear 6 connected to the planetary carrier 7 meshes with the sun gear 4 and the ring gear 5. This invention can use multiple planetary gears 6 to maintain a uniform load distribution and power distribution among the planetary gears, significantly improving stability and resistance to impact and vibration. One end of the planetary carrier 7 is connected to the travel output shaft 8, and the other end of the travel output shaft 8 is used to connect to the rear axle shaft, outputting the travel power to the rear axle, thereby driving the wheels. The travel input shaft 3 and the travel output shaft 8 of this invention are arranged concentrically. The travel power is input through the sun gear 4 and output from the planetary carrier 7. The structure is compact and small in size, with a large transmission ratio and high transmission power, occupying little space in the gearbox and making the gearbox layout more compact.
[0012] See Figure 1 As shown, the PTO unit of this utility model includes a PTO motor 21, a PTO transmission mechanism, and a hydraulic transmission mechanism disposed within the gearbox housing 17. The PTO motor 21 provides driving power for the working tools and the hydraulic pump. See Figure 1As shown, the PTO transmission mechanism of this utility model includes a PTO input shaft 12, a PTO drive gear 11, a PTO driven gear 9, and a PTO output shaft 10. The PTO input shaft 12 and the PTO output shaft 10 are supported on the gearbox housing 17 and can rotate. The output side of the PTO motor 21 is connected to the PTO input shaft 12, transmitting PTO power to the PTO input shaft 12. The PTO drive gear 11, with engagement teeth 11-1, is fitted onto the PTO input shaft 12 and can rotate freely. The PTO drive gear 11 can be mounted on the PTO input shaft 12 via a wear-resistant bushing or bearing. When no power output is required, it does not rotate with the PTO input shaft 12. The meshing sleeve 13 is connected to the PTO input shaft 12 and can be keyed to the PTO input shaft 12, rotating synchronously with the PTO input shaft 12. The movable gear seat on the meshing sleeve 13 moves axially and meshes with the engagement teeth 11-1 on the PTO drive gear 11. The PTO driven gear 9 is connected to the PTO output shaft 10. The PTO driving gear 11 and the PTO driven gear 9 are constantly meshed. The moving gear seat on the meshing sleeve 13 is operated by a shift fork to engage or disengage with the engaging gear 11-1 on the PTO driving gear. When no power output is needed, the moving gear seat on the meshing sleeve 13 does not engage with the engaging gear 11-1 on the PTO driving gear; when power output is needed, the moving gear seat on the meshing sleeve 13 engages with the engaging gear 11-1 on the PTO driving gear, and the PTO power is cut off or transmitted through the meshing sleeve 13. Therefore, the power of the PTO motor 21 is transmitted to the PTO output shaft 10 via the PTO driving gear 11 and the PTO driven gear 9 on the PTO input shaft 12 to realize power output and meet the power requirements of different tools.
[0013] See Figure 1 As shown, the hydraulic transmission mechanism of this utility model includes a hydraulic output shaft 16, a hydraulic drive gear 14, and a hydraulic driven gear 15. The hydraulic output shaft 16 is supported on the gearbox housing 17 and can rotate. The hydraulic drive gear 14 is connected to the PTO input shaft 12. Therefore, the power of the PTO motor 21 is directly transmitted to the hydraulic drive gear 14 through the PTO input shaft 12. The hydraulic driven gear 15 is connected to the hydraulic output shaft 16. The hydraulic drive gear 14 and the hydraulic driven gear 15 are constantly meshed. The power is output to the hydraulic pump through the hydraulic output shaft 16, thereby realizing the hydraulic operation required for hydraulic lifting, steering, and agricultural implements. The power of the PTO motor 21 forms its own independent power output and hydraulic pump drive. Within the same gearbox housing 17, the three core functions of walking drive, PTO output, and hydraulic power source are integrated.
[0014] See Figure 1As shown, the gearbox housing 17 of this invention has an intermediate wall plate 17-4 located at the rear of the main drive motor 1 and the PTO motor 21, dividing the gearbox housing 17 into an independent motor housing and a transmission housing. The main drive motor 1 and the PTO motor 21 are installed inside the motor housing, while the travel transmission mechanism, the PTO transmission mechanism, and the hydraulic transmission mechanism are located inside the transmission housing, which can save gearbox space to a greater extent. The output shaft of the main drive motor 1 is connected to the travel input shaft 3 through the travel connecting sleeve 2. The travel connecting sleeve 2 is a spline sleeve. The output shaft of the main drive motor 1 and the travel input shaft 3 are keyed to the travel connecting sleeve 2. The travel input shaft 3 is installed in the bearing hole of the intermediate wall plate 17-4 through a first bearing. The output shaft of the PTO motor 21 is connected to the PTO input shaft 12 through the PTO connecting sleeve 20. The PTO connecting sleeve 20 is a spline sleeve. The output shaft of the PTO motor 21 and the PTO input shaft 12 are keyed to the PTO connecting sleeve 20. The PTO input shaft 12 is installed in the bearing holes of the intermediate wall plate 17-4 and the rear end cover 17-2 respectively via the sixth bearing and the seventh bearing. The rear end cover 17-2 is installed in a sealed manner at the rear of the gearbox housing 17 by fasteners.
[0015] See Figure 1 As shown, the transmission housing of this utility model is provided with a partition plate 17-1 at the rear of the planetary gear mechanism. The walking output shaft 8 is installed in the bearing hole of the partition plate 17-1 and the bearing hole of the rear end cover 17-2 respectively through the second bearing and the third bearing. The PTO output shaft 10 is installed in the bearing hole of the partition plate 17-1 and the bearing hole of the rear end cover 17-2 respectively through the fourth bearing and the fifth bearing.
[0016] See Figure 1 As shown, the gearbox housing 17 of this utility model has a lower wall plate 17-5 extending downward in the middle wall plate 17-4, and the rear part of the gearbox housing has a concave rear shell wall 17-3. The hydraulic output shaft 16 is installed in the bearing hole of the lower wall plate 17-5 and the bearing hole of the rear shell wall 17-3 respectively through the eighth bearing and the ninth bearing.
[0017] See Figure 1 As shown, this utility model also has a hydraulic guide wheel 18 and a guide wheel shaft 19. The guide wheel shaft 19 is installed in the bearing holes of the intermediate wall plate 17-4 and the rear shell wall 17-3 respectively through the tenth bearing and the eleventh bearing. The hydraulic guide wheel 18 is connected to the guide wheel shaft 19. The hydraulic guide wheel 18 is constantly meshed with the hydraulic drive gear 14 and the hydraulic driven gear 15, making the gearbox layout more compact.
[0018] See Figure 1As shown, when the pure electric tractor gearbox of this utility model is working, the main drive motor 1 is started. The output shaft of the main drive motor 1 is connected to the travel input shaft 3 through the travel connecting sleeve 2 and drives the sun gear 4 of the planetary gear mechanism to rotate. The sun gear 4 meshes with the planetary gear 6, causing the planetary gear 6 to rotate along the gear ring 5. The planet carrier 7 rotates with the planetary gear 6 and drives the travel output shaft 8 to rotate, thereby outputting travel power and driving the vehicle to move. When the PTO motor 21 is started, the power of the PTO motor 21 is transmitted to the PTO input shaft 12 through the PTO connecting sleeve 20. One path of the PTO power is input to the PTO drive gear 11 and the PTO driven gear 9 through the meshing sleeve 13 and finally input to the PTO output shaft 10. The meshing sleeve 13 is used to cut off or transmit the PTO power. Another path is input to the hydraulic output shaft 16 through the hydraulic drive gear 14 and the hydraulic driven gear 15 to provide power to the hydraulic system.
Claims
1. A pure electric tractor gearbox, characterized in that: Includes the gearbox housing, main drive unit, and PTO unit; The main drive unit includes a main drive motor and a travel transmission mechanism housed in the gearbox housing. The travel transmission mechanism includes a travel input shaft, a planetary gear mechanism, and a travel output shaft. The travel input shaft and the travel output shaft are supported on the gearbox housing and can rotate. The output side of the main drive motor is connected to one end of the travel input shaft. The sun gear of the planetary gear mechanism is connected to the other end of the travel input shaft. The ring gear of the planetary gear mechanism is fixed on the gearbox housing. The planetary gears connected to the planet carrier mesh with the sun gear and the ring gear. The planet carrier is connected to one end of the travel output shaft. The PTO unit includes a PTO motor, a PTO transmission mechanism, and a hydraulic transmission mechanism disposed within the gearbox housing. The PTO transmission mechanism includes a PTO input shaft, a PTO drive gear, a PTO driven gear, and a PTO output shaft. The PTO input shaft and PTO output shaft are supported on the gearbox housing and can rotate. The output side of the PTO motor is connected to the PTO input shaft. The PTO drive gear with engagement teeth is fitted onto the PTO input shaft and can rotate freely. A meshing sleeve is connected to the PTO input shaft. The movable tooth seat on the meshing sleeve moves axially to mesh with the engagement teeth on the PTO drive gear to transmit power or disengage from the engagement teeth to cut off power. The PTO driven gear is connected to the PTO output shaft. The PTO drive gear and the PTO driven gear are constantly meshed. The hydraulic transmission mechanism includes a hydraulic output shaft, a hydraulic drive gear, and a hydraulic driven gear; the hydraulic output shaft is supported on the gearbox housing and can rotate; the hydraulic drive gear is connected to the PTO input shaft; the hydraulic driven gear is connected to the hydraulic output shaft; and the hydraulic drive gear and the hydraulic driven gear are constantly meshed.
2. The pure electric tractor gearbox according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gearbox housing is located behind the main drive motor and the PTO motor, and has a middle wall plate that divides the gearbox housing into an independent motor housing and a transmission housing. The main drive motor and the PTO motor are installed in the motor housing, and the walking transmission mechanism, the PTO transmission mechanism, and the hydraulic transmission mechanism are installed in the transmission housing. The output shaft of the main drive motor is connected to the walking input shaft through a walking connecting sleeve, and the walking input shaft is installed in the bearing hole of the middle wall plate through a first bearing. The output shaft of the PTO motor is connected to the PTO input shaft through a PTO connecting sleeve, and the PTO input shaft is installed in the bearing hole of the middle wall plate and the bearing hole of the rear end cover through a sixth bearing and a seventh bearing, respectively.
3. The pure electric tractor gearbox according to claim 2, characterized in that: The transmission housing is located at the rear of the planetary gear mechanism and is equipped with a partition. The walking output shaft is installed in the bearing holes of the partition and the rear end cover respectively through the second and third bearings. The PTO output shaft is installed on the partition and the rear end cover respectively through the fourth and fifth bearings.
4. A pure electric tractor gearbox according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gearbox housing has a lower wall plate extending downwards in the middle wall plate, and the rear part of the gearbox housing has a rear shell wall with an inwardly concave side. The hydraulic output shaft is installed in the bearing holes of the lower wall plate and the rear shell wall respectively through the eighth bearing and the ninth bearing.
5. A pure electric tractor gearbox according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: It also has a hydraulic guide wheel and a guide wheel shaft. The guide wheel shaft is installed in the bearing holes of the intermediate wall plate and the rear shell wall respectively through the tenth bearing and the eleventh bearing. The hydraulic guide wheel is connected to the guide wheel shaft and is constantly meshed with the hydraulic drive gear and the hydraulic driven gear.