An airborne environmental control water evaporator

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of airplane environmental control system, and relates to an airborne environmental control water evaporator. Including temperature sensor (1), liquid level sensor (2), pressure sensor (3), constant pressure valve (4), safety valve (5), water storage cavity mounting plate (10), radiator (13), piston (14), expansion cavity cover plate (16), spring A (17). The utility model is equipped with constant pressure valve, and the pressure setting does not change with the change of external environment, can control the pressure inside water evaporator accurately, thereby control the boiling point of water, greatly expand the use range of water evaporator, reduce the complexity of environmental control system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of aircraft environmental control systems and relates to an airborne environmental control water evaporator. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the development of aircraft technology, high-power electronic equipment has been increasingly used in aircraft, leading to increasingly large thermal loads on airborne equipment. These devices are characterized by short operating times, large instantaneous thermal loads, and significant overall thermal shock. Using traditional environmental control system architectures to address this issue results in a sharp increase in the weight and volume of the entire environmental control system, increased aircraft fuel consumption, and greater aircraft compensation losses. Currently, water evaporators are commonly used to pre-store a certain amount of cooling capacity to enhance heat dissipation. However, because the water evaporator is directly connected to the ambient atmosphere, the lower air pressure at high altitudes causes the water's boiling point to decrease, leading to premature boiling and wasted stored cooling capacity. Simultaneously, when the cooling water temperature drops below the freezing point, the water tank will freeze, increasing its volume and potentially damaging it. Therefore, resolving the issues of premature boiling and volume expansion of the cooling water is crucial for the proper functioning of water evaporators on aircraft. Utility Model Content

[0003] Utility Model Purpose An airborne environmental control water evaporator is provided, which solves the technical problems that the short usage time and large instantaneous heat load of high-energy equipment in the entire flight envelope of the aircraft will lead to a sharp increase in the weight and volume of the entire environmental control system; and that the cooling water will boil prematurely and expand in volume when using a water evaporator.

[0004] Technical solution An airborne environmentally controlled water evaporator includes a temperature sensor (1), a liquid level sensor (2), a pressure sensor (3), a constant pressure valve (4), a safety valve (5), a water storage chamber mounting plate (10), a radiator (13), a piston (14), an expansion chamber cover plate (16), and a spring A (17).

[0005] The constant pressure valve (4) includes a rear housing (401), a sealing cover (402), a middle housing (403), a front housing (404), a spring B (405), a valve core (406), a threaded plug (407), a spring C (411), a center rod (415), a threaded plug (416), and a filter screen (417).

[0006] The water storage chamber mounting plate (10) is located on the top of one side of the water storage chamber (12) of the radiator (13); the water storage chamber mounting plate (10) is equipped with a liquid level sensor (2), a pressure sensor (3), a constant pressure valve (4), and a safety valve (5); the temperature sensor (1) is connected to the radiator (13). Inside the expansion chamber (18), a piston (14), a spring A (17), and an expansion chamber cover plate (16) are installed in sequence on the side near the radiator (13). The expansion chamber cover plate (16) is fixed on the radiator (13), and the piston (14) and the radiator (13) are sealed by a sealing ring. The radiator (13) and the water storage chamber mounting plate (10) form a water storage chamber (12), and the piston (14) and the radiator (13) form an expansion chamber (18).

[0007] The constant pressure valve (4) is provided with an air extraction port (408), an air extraction channel (409), a vacuum outer cavity (410), a connecting channel (412), a vacuum inner cavity (413), an exhaust cavity (414), and an exhaust channel (418) in sequence along the center line near the air extraction end.

[0008] The central rod (415) is fitted onto the middle housing (403), and the sealing cover (402) is connected to the central rod (415) by threads, and the whole assembly is assembled into the rear housing (401); after the sealing cover (402) and the rear housing (401) are sealed on the side near the exhaust channel (418), there is a gap between the sealing cover (402) and the rear housing (401), and the area of ​​the annular surface between the cylindrical surface of the exhaust channel (418) and the outer cylindrical surface of the sealing cover (402) is equal to the area of ​​the annular surface between the outer circle of the central rod (415) and the outer cylindrical surface of the sealing cover (402); the cylindrical diameter on the side where the sealing cover (402) is connected to the central rod (415) is equal to the diameter of the central rod (415); the spring C (4 11) The front housing (404) and the rear housing (401) are connected by threads in the vacuum inner cavity (413); the spring B (405) and the valve core (406) are sequentially assembled into the vacuum outer cavity (410); the threaded plug (407) is fastened to the front housing (404); the exhaust channel (418) and the exhaust chamber (414) and the valve core (406) and the threaded plug (407) are sealed by a sealing gasket; the center rod (415) and the middle housing (403), the threaded plug (407) and the front housing (404), the middle housing (403) and the rear housing (401), and the front housing (404) and the rear housing (401) are sealed by a sealing ring. The ground equipment exhausts the air from the vacuum inner cavity (413) through the air extraction port (408) to the outside via the connecting channel (412), the vacuum outer cavity (410), and the air extraction channel (409), so that the vacuum degree of the vacuum outer cavity (410) and the vacuum inner cavity (413) is not less than 10. -2Pa, thereby eliminating the influence of air inside the cavity on the pressure inside the water storage cavity (12), so that the pressure inside the water storage cavity (12) is only related to the spring C (411), avoiding the influence of changes in flight altitude on the pressure inside the water storage cavity (12), and thus affecting the boiling point of water. When the pressure inside the water storage cavity (12) is higher than the elastic force of the spring C (411), the constant pressure valve (4) opens, water vapor is discharged to the outside, the pressure inside the water storage cavity (12) drops, and when the pressure drops to be equal to the elastic force of the spring C (411), the valve closes, thereby ensuring that the pressure inside the water storage cavity (12) is at a constant value.

[0009] Furthermore, the elastic force of spring C (411) should be equal to the gas pressure corresponding to the boiling point of water when the water evaporator is working normally. The main purpose is to ensure that the boiling point of the water storage chamber (12) is at a relatively constant value, so as to avoid premature boiling and waste of heat sink; Furthermore, the elastic force of spring B (405) should ensure that the valve core (406) will not open without external force. The main purpose is to prevent the valve core (406) from moving due to insufficient elastic force when on the ground, causing the valve to open and air to enter the vacuum outer cavity (410) and vacuum inner cavity (413), resulting in a decrease in vacuum. Furthermore, it also includes a filter screen (417), which is tightened and fixed in the exhaust channel (418) with a threaded plug (416). The purpose is that when water boils, the water vapor will carry away the free water along with it. The filter screen (417) can filter out the free water in the water vapor, improve water utilization efficiency, and reduce aircraft compensation losses. Furthermore, the usable water in the water storage chamber (12) is the water between the lowest effective liquid level (19) and the water level (9), and its volume should not be less than the heat sink required for the airborne equipment to perform a single task. The main purpose is to ensure that the water stored in the water storage chamber (12) can completely dissipate the heat generated when the equipment is working. At the same time, the effective volume of the water storage chamber (12) is not greater than 80% of the volume of the cavity between the lowest effective liquid level (19) and the water storage chamber mounting plate (10), and the area above the water level (9) is filled with water vapor after the cooling water has heated up and boiled. Furthermore, the spring force of spring A (17) should ensure that, under normal operating conditions, the piston is always at its maximum position on the side closest to the radiator (13) and will not move. The main purpose is to prevent abnormal movement of the piston (14), which would reduce the effective volume of the stored water and result in insufficient heat sink. Furthermore, the density of cooling water is greatest at 4°C, and the cooling water freezes sequentially from top to bottom. Therefore, this invention places the expansion structure at the bottom of the water evaporation chamber. At the same time, since the density of ice is greater than that of water, the volume of water expands when it freezes, which can cause the chamber to burst. Therefore, this invention sets up an expansion structure so that when ice forms, the piston (14) moves, the volume of the evaporator increases, and the excess expansion volume is stored. The volume of the expansion chamber (18) should not be less than the volume increase after the stored liquid water is completely frozen. The expansion chamber cover plate (16) has an exhaust hole (15) with a diameter of not less than 3 mm in the center to prevent the gas in the expansion chamber (18) from being compressed when the piston (14) moves, which would cause the chamber pressure to rise abnormally. Furthermore, when the internal pressure of the water evaporator reaches the maximum allowable pressure, the safety valve (5) opens to reduce the internal pressure of the evaporator and ensure the safe operation of the system. Furthermore, the liquid level sensor (2) detects the water level and issues a low liquid level alarm when the liquid level is lower than the specified value; the pressure sensor (3) detects the pressure of water vapor; the temperature sensor (1) has its temperature measuring point located at the lowest effective liquid level surface (19), which facilitates full-envelope measurement of water temperature; at the same time, it uploads the liquid level, water vapor pressure and water temperature data to the host computer. Furthermore, the radiator (13) structure can be plate-fin, tube-shell, or tube-fin; plate-fin structure is preferred.

[0010] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: 1. An airborne environmental control water evaporator is provided, which utilizes the latent heat of vaporization of water to perform phase change heat dissipation on airborne equipment. Its heat exchange efficiency is much higher than that of traditional convection heat exchange, which can greatly reduce the weight and volume of the entire environmental control system. 2. Compared with the structure of a general water evaporator, this utility model is equipped with a constant pressure valve, whose pressure setting does not change with the external environment. It can accurately control the internal pressure of the water evaporator, thereby controlling the boiling point of water, greatly expanding the application range of the water evaporator and reducing the complexity of the environmental control system. 3. Compared with the general structure of water evaporators, this utility model adds an expansion structure to prevent the water evaporator from being damaged by the freezing of cooling water. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a water evaporator structure; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of a water evaporator. Figure 3 Schematic diagram of constant pressure valve structure Among them, 1-temperature sensor, 2-liquid level sensor, 3-pressure sensor, 4-constant pressure valve, 5-safety valve, 6-hot fluid outlet, 7-constant pressure valve vent, 8-hot fluid inlet, 9-water level, 10-water storage chamber mounting plate, 11-water inlet, 12-water storage chamber, 13-radiator, 14-piston, 15-vent, 16-expansion chamber cover, 17-spring A, 18-expansion chamber, 19-lowest effective liquid level, 40- 1-Rear housing, 402-Sealing cover, 403-Middle housing, 404-Front housing, 405-Spring B, 406-Valve core, 407-Threaded plug, 408-Ejection port, 409-Ejection channel, 410-Vacuum outer cavity, 411-Spring C, 412-Connecting channel, 413-Vacuum inner cavity, 414-Exhaust cavity, 415-Center rod, 416-Threaded plug, 417-Filter screen, 418-Exhaust channel. Detailed Implementation

[0012] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model will be described in more detail below with reference to the embodiments of this utility model. In the examples, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar components or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of this utility model. The embodiments described below with reference to the embodiments are exemplary and intended to explain this utility model, and should not be construed as limiting this utility model. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model. The embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to their specific implementation.

[0013] Example 1, see Figures 1-3 An airborne environmental control water evaporator is provided, comprising: a temperature sensor (1), a liquid level sensor (2), a pressure sensor (3), a constant pressure valve (4), a safety valve (5), a water storage chamber mounting plate (10), a radiator (13), a piston (14), an expansion chamber cover plate (16), and a spring A (17).

[0014] The water storage chamber mounting plate (10) is located on the top of the water storage chamber (12) of the radiator (13); the water storage chamber mounting plate (10) is equipped with a liquid level sensor (2), a pressure sensor (3), a constant pressure valve (4), and a safety valve (5); the temperature sensor (1) is connected to the radiator (13). Inside the expansion chamber (18), near the radiator (13), a piston (14), a spring A (17), and an expansion chamber cover plate (16) are installed in sequence. The expansion chamber cover plate (16) is fixed on the radiator (13), and the piston (14) and the radiator (13) are sealed by a sealing ring; the radiator (13) and the water storage chamber mounting plate (10) form the water storage chamber (12), and the piston (14) and the radiator (13) form the expansion chamber (18).

[0015] Further, cooling water is added to the water evaporator through the water inlet (11). The volume of the cooling water is not greater than 80% of the volume of the cavity between the lowest effective liquid level (19) and the water storage cavity mounting plate (10) (there is a certain space between the water level (9) and the bottom of the water storage cavity mounting plate (10), which is filled with water vapor generated after the coolant is heated); at the same time, the volume of the cooling water should not be less than the heat sink required for the airborne equipment to perform a single task, so as to ensure that the carrying capacity is sufficient. The hot fluid flows into the water evaporator from the hot fluid inlet (8) and then flows out from the hot fluid outlet (6) to heat the cooling water. When the cooling water temperature reaches the boiling point, the cooling water vaporizes and the hot fluid undergoes a phase change to enhance heat dissipation. Furthermore, the constant pressure valve (4) can accurately control the boiling point of the cooling water by controlling the internal pressure of the water evaporator; the safety valve (5) ensures that the internal pressure of the water evaporator does not exceed the maximum allowable pressure, thereby ensuring system safety; the liquid level sensor (2) detects the liquid level of the cooling water and issues a low liquid level alarm when the liquid level is lower than the specified value; the pressure sensor (3) detects the pressure of the water vapor; the temperature sensor (1) has its temperature measuring point located at the lowest effective liquid level surface (19), which facilitates full-envelope measurement of water temperature; and uploads the liquid level, water vapor pressure, and water temperature data to the host computer. Furthermore, the bottom of the water evaporator is equipped with an expansion structure. When the cooling water freezes, the piston (14) moves, and the volume of the water storage chamber (12) increases. The volume of the expansion chamber (18) should not be less than the volume increase after the stored liquid water is completely frozen, to avoid insufficient expansion space and cracking of the chamber; the elastic force of the spring A (17) inside the expansion chamber (18) should meet the requirement that the piston is always in the maximum position on the side closest to the radiator (13) under normal working conditions, and will not move, to avoid abnormal movement of the piston (14), which would reduce the effective volume of the stored cooling water and thus lead to insufficient heat sink; the expansion chamber cover plate (16) has a vent hole (15) with a diameter of 5mm in the center. Furthermore, a safety valve (5) is provided. When the internal pressure of the water evaporator is greater than the maximum allowable pressure, the safety valve (5) opens to reduce the internal pressure of the water evaporator, thereby ensuring the safety of the system. Further, the constant pressure valve (4) includes a rear housing (401), a sealing cap (402), a middle housing (403), a front housing (404), a spring B (405), a valve core (406), a threaded plug (407), a spring C (411), a center rod (415), a threaded plug (416), and a filter screen (417). The center rod (415) is fitted onto the middle housing (403), and the sealing cap (402) is threadedly connected to the center rod (415), and the whole assembly is installed into the rear housing (401); the spring C (411) is installed into the vacuum inner cavity (413), and the front housing (404) is threadedly connected to the rear housing (401); the spring B (405) and the valve core (406) are sequentially installed into the vacuum outer cavity (410), and the threaded plug (407) is threadedly connected to the front housing (416). The housing (404) is fastened together; the exhaust channel (418) and the exhaust chamber (414) and the valve core (406) and the threaded plug (407) are sealed by a sealing gasket; the center rod (415) and the middle housing (403), the threaded plug (407) and the front housing (404), the middle housing (403) and the rear housing (401), and the front housing (404) and the rear housing (401) are sealed by a sealing ring. When the steam pressure in the water storage chamber (12) is greater than that of the spring C (411), the constant pressure valve (4) opens, and the water vapor is discharged from the exhaust channel (418), through the exhaust chamber (414), and finally from the constant pressure valve exhaust port (7) into the ambient atmosphere; when the water vapor pressure in the water storage chamber (12) is less than that of the spring force of the spring C (411), the constant pressure valve (4) closes. Furthermore, using ground equipment connected to the constant pressure valve (4), air is extracted from the vacuum outer cavity (410) and vacuum inner cavity (413) through the air extraction port (408) and air extraction channel (409), achieving a vacuum level of 10. -2 Pa~10 -3 Pa; The central rod (415) is subjected to the same air pressure at both the upper and lower sections in the exhaust chamber (414), so the central rod (415) is only subjected to the water vapor pressure inside the water storage chamber (12) and the elastic force of the spring C (411). It is equipped with a double vacuum chamber to ensure that the set pressure of the constant pressure valve (4) is not affected by the external environment, thereby ensuring that the boiling point of the cooling water is constant. The elastic force of the spring C (411) should be equal to the air pressure corresponding to the boiling point of water when the water evaporator is working normally, to ensure that the cooling water inside the water evaporator boils at the specified temperature and performs phase change heat transfer on the hot fluid; A filter screen (417) is provided in the exhaust channel (418) to filter the free water in the water vapor; Furthermore, the radiator (13) has a plate-fin structure.

[0016] This utility model proposes an environmental control system. The system may include: the aforementioned atomizing heat dissipation structure and other accessories for the environmental control system. These other accessories include: various sensors (temperature, pressure, etc.), radiators, various valves, refrigeration turbines, pumps, piping, RIU (Refrigerant Intake Unit), etc.

[0017] Furthermore, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this application description shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "center," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., used in this application description to indicate relative direction or positional relationship are used only to indicate relative orientation or positional relationship, and do not imply that the device or component must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. When the absolute position of the described object changes, its relative positional relationship may also change accordingly, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this application. The terms "first," "second," "third," and similar terms used in this application description are used only for descriptive purposes to distinguish different components, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The terms "a," "one," or "the," etc., used in this application description should not be construed as an absolute limitation on quantity, but should be construed as indicating the existence of at least one. The terms "including," "comprising," etc., used in this application description mean that the element or object preceding the word covers the element or object listed after the word and its equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects.

[0018] Furthermore, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, terms such as “installation,” “connection,” and “linkage” used in the description of this application should be interpreted broadly. For example, a connection can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; or it can be a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand its specific meaning in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0019] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit this utility model. Within the spirit and principles of this utility model, any person skilled in the art may use the above-disclosed technical content to make changes or modifications to equivalent embodiments for application in other fields. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this utility model without departing from the technical solution of this utility model, as well as any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. An airborne environmentally controlled water evaporator, characterized in that, Includes temperature sensor (1), liquid level sensor (2), pressure sensor (3), constant pressure valve (4), safety valve (5), water storage chamber mounting plate (10), radiator (13), piston (14), expansion chamber cover plate (16), and spring A (17). The constant pressure valve (4) includes a rear housing (401), a sealing cover (402), a middle housing (403), a front housing (404), a spring B (405), a valve core (406), a threaded plug (407), a spring C (411), a center rod (415), a threaded plug (416), and a filter screen (417). The water storage chamber mounting plate (10) is located on the top of one side of the water storage chamber (12) of the radiator (13); the water storage chamber mounting plate (10) is equipped with a liquid level sensor (2), a pressure sensor (3), a constant pressure valve (4), and a safety valve (5); the temperature sensor (1) is connected to the radiator (13). Inside the expansion chamber (18), near the radiator (13), a piston (14), a spring A (17), and an expansion chamber cover plate (16) are installed in sequence. The expansion chamber cover plate (16) is fixed on the radiator (13), and the piston (14) and the radiator (13) are sealed by a sealing ring. The radiator (13) and the water storage chamber mounting plate (10) form a water storage chamber (12), and the piston (14) and the radiator (13) form an expansion chamber (18). The constant pressure valve (4) is provided with an air extraction port (408), an air extraction channel (409), a vacuum outer cavity (410), a connecting channel (412), a vacuum inner cavity (413), an exhaust cavity (414), and an exhaust channel (418) in sequence along the center line near the air extraction end. The central rod (415) is fitted onto the middle housing (403), and the sealing cover (402) is threadedly connected to the central rod (415), and the whole assembly is installed into the rear housing (401); after the sealing cover (402) and the rear housing (401) are sealed on the side near the exhaust channel (418), there is a gap between the sealing cover (402) and the rear housing (401), and the area of ​​the annular surface between the cylindrical surface of the exhaust channel (418) and the outer cylindrical surface of the sealing cover (402) is equal to the area of ​​the annular surface between the outer circle of the central rod (415) and the outer cylindrical surface of the sealing cover (402); the cylindrical diameter on the side where the sealing cover (402) is connected to the central rod (415) is equal to the diameter of the central rod (415); the spring C (411) is assembled into the vacuum cavity (413), and the front housing (404) and the rear housing (401) are threadedly connected; the spring B ( 405) The valve core (406) is sequentially assembled into the vacuum outer cavity (410), and the threaded plug (407) is fastened to the front housing (404); the exhaust channel (418) and the exhaust chamber (414) and the valve core (406) and the threaded plug (407) are sealed by a sealing gasket; the center rod (415) and the middle housing (403), the threaded plug (407) and the front housing (404), the middle housing (403) and the rear housing (401), and the front housing (404) and the rear housing (401) are sealed by a sealing ring; the ground equipment discharges the air in the vacuum inner cavity (413) through the air extraction port (408) to the outside through the connecting channel (412), the vacuum outer cavity (410) and the air extraction channel (409), so that the vacuum degree of the vacuum outer cavity (410) and the vacuum inner cavity (413) is not less than 10. -2 Pa, thereby eliminating the influence of air inside the cavity on the pressure inside the water storage cavity (12), so that the pressure inside the water storage cavity (12) is only related to the spring C (411), avoiding the influence of changes in flight altitude on the pressure inside the water storage cavity (12), and thus affecting the boiling point of water; when the pressure inside the water storage cavity (12) is higher than the elastic force of the spring C (411), the constant pressure valve (4) opens, water vapor is discharged to the outside, the pressure inside the water storage cavity (12) drops, and when the pressure drops to be equal to the elastic force of the spring C (411), the valve closes, thereby ensuring that the pressure inside the water storage cavity (12) is at a constant value.

2. The evaporator as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The spring force of spring C (411) should be equal to the gas pressure corresponding to the boiling point of water when the water evaporator is working normally.

3. The evaporator as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The spring force of spring B (405) should ensure that the valve core (406) will not open without external force.

4. The evaporator as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a filter screen (417), which is screwed into the exhaust channel (418) by a threaded plug (416).

5. The evaporator as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The usable water in the water storage chamber (12) is the water between the lowest effective liquid level (19) and the water level (9), and its volume should be no less than the heat sink required for the airborne equipment to perform a single task.

6. The evaporator as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The spring force of spring A (17) should satisfy that under normal working conditions, the piston is always in the maximum position on the side near the radiator (13) and will not move.

7. The evaporator as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The volume of the expansion chamber (18) should not be less than the volume increase after the stored liquid water is completely frozen; the expansion chamber cover plate (16) has an exhaust hole (15) with a diameter of not less than 3 mm in the center.

8. The evaporator as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, When the internal pressure of the water evaporator reaches the maximum allowable pressure, the safety valve (5) opens to reduce the internal pressure of the evaporator and ensure the safe operation of the system.

9. The evaporator as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid level sensor (2) detects the water level and issues a low liquid level alarm when the liquid level is lower than the specified value; the pressure sensor (3) detects the pressure of water vapor; the temperature sensor (1) measures the temperature at the lowest effective liquid level surface (19).

10. The evaporator as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The structure of the radiator (13) is plate-fin type, tube-shell type or tube-fin type.

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