Solid-state battery thermal runaway gas collection device

Abstract

A kind of solid battery thermal runaway gas collection device, it is related to solid battery safety test technical field;Including air filter and air pump, further including collection cavity, metal gas guide pipe, rubber gas guide pipe, gas collection bag;Metal gas guide pipe one end is fixed with the top of collection cavity, metal gas guide pipe is communicated with the inner cavity of collection cavity, metal gas guide pipe other end is sequentially connected with air filter, air pump and gas collection bag by rubber gas guide pipe, the top side of collection cavity is equipped with window.The utility model discloses in efficient collection thermal runaway gas and effectively filters the splashed particulate matter, can also guarantee the safety of experiment and real-time monitoring experiment process, to meet the demand of subsequent solid battery thermal runaway behavior characteristic analysis and gas composition analysis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of solid-state battery safety testing technology, specifically to a solid-state battery thermal runaway gas collection device for the process of thermal runaway in solid-state batteries. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy technologies, solid-state batteries have become the core development direction of next-generation energy storage devices due to their high energy density, excellent cycle performance, and potential safety. However, solid-state batteries still pose a risk of thermal runaway under extreme conditions (such as puncture, overcharging, and high temperature), and the composition and toxicity of the gases generated during thermal runaway in solid-state batteries are still unclear, making it impossible to develop effective gas protection solutions. Therefore, conducting thermal runaway experiments on solid-state batteries, collecting and analyzing the gases generated during thermal runaway, is crucial for the safety protection, performance upgrades, and emergency rescue of solid-state battery systems.

[0003] The thermal runaway mechanism of liquid electrolyte lithium-ion batteries is well-understood, and relatively mature devices exist for collecting thermal runaway gases from these batteries. However, solid-state batteries are still in their early stages of development. The manifestations and severity of thermal runaway in solid-state batteries are not yet clear, and the explosive splashing and gas generation behavior during thermal runaway are not well understood. Existing gas collection devices are difficult to directly adapt to the collection of thermal runaway gases from solid-state batteries. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a dedicated collection device for thermal runaway gases from solid-state batteries. This device should efficiently collect the thermal runaway gases and effectively filter splashed particles, while also ensuring experimental safety and real-time monitoring of the experimental process to meet the needs of subsequent analysis of the thermal runaway behavior characteristics and gas composition of solid-state batteries. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Given the unknown nature of thermal runaway phenomena and hazards in solid-state batteries, existing lithium battery thermal runaway gas collection technologies are difficult to directly adapt to the shortcomings of solid-state battery thermal runaway gas collection. This invention provides a solid-state battery thermal runaway gas collection device. A steel collection chamber is used to enclose the solid-state battery, avoiding the hazards of explosion and splashes during thermal runaway. The top of the collection chamber adopts a trapezoidal cavity constriction structure to achieve the accumulation of thermal runaway gas for easy collection. A slender metal gas guide tube connected to the collection chamber can achieve preliminary cooling of the thermal runaway gas and avoid the generation of interfering gas by the heating of the rubber gas guide tube. An air filter is designed before the gas pump to filter out particulate matter to avoid interference from particulate matter in gas analysis.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this utility model is: a solid-state battery thermal runaway gas collection device, including an air filter and an air pump, and also including a collection chamber, a metal gas guide tube, a rubber gas guide tube and a gas collection bag; one end of the metal gas guide tube is fixed to the top of the collection chamber and communicates with the inner cavity of the collection chamber, and the other end of the metal gas guide tube is connected to the air filter, the air pump and the gas collection bag in sequence through the rubber gas guide tube, and a viewing window is provided on the top side of the collection chamber.

[0006] The technical effects of this invention are as follows: The collection chamber is made entirely of steel plate, which effectively avoids experimental risks caused by the unknown thermal runaway phenomenon of solid-state batteries. The top of the collection chamber has an open rectangular cavity with a tapered opening structure, forming a directional flow channel that allows the thermal runaway gas to converge upwards along the sloping wall of the chamber, thereby improving gas collection efficiency. The slender metal gas guide tube connected to the collection chamber can achieve preliminary cooling of the thermal runaway gas, preventing the rubber gas guide tube from being heated by the high-temperature gas and generating interfering gas. The explosion-proof window has both impact resistance and high temperature resistance, allowing clear observation of the particle splashing state at the bottom of the collection chamber during the initial stage of battery thermal runaway, providing intuitive evidence for the correlation analysis of gas generation characteristics and failure modes. The air filter can effectively filter out solid particle splashes in the collected gas, effectively reducing the interference of particulate matter on gas composition analysis.

[0007] In summary, this invention can monitor and effectively protect the experimental process in real time, and can efficiently collect gases while avoiding interference, thus fully meeting the current needs for analyzing the thermal runaway behavior characteristics and gas composition of solid-state batteries. Attached Figure Description

[0008] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.

[0009] In the diagram: 1. Collection chamber; 1-1. Viewing window; 2. Metal air guide tube; 3. Support rod; 4. Rubber air guide tube; 5. Air filter; 6. Air pump; 7. Gas collection bag. Detailed Implementation

[0010] like Figure 1 As shown, a solid-state battery thermal runaway gas collection device includes a collection chamber 1, a metal gas guide tube 2, a support rod 3, a rubber gas guide tube 4, an air filter 5, an air pump 6, and a gas collection bag 7.

[0011] The collecting chamber 1 consists of an integral bottom and top structure. The bottom of the collecting chamber 1 is an open rectangular cavity, and the top of the collecting chamber 1 is an isosceles trapezoidal cavity. A viewing window 1-1 is provided on one side of the trapezoidal cavity at the top of the collecting chamber 1. The periphery of the viewing window 1-1 is sealed, such as by using high-temperature resistant sealant.

[0012] The dimensions of the viewing window 1-1 are 10cm-15cm in length and 5cm-10cm in width; the open rectangular cavity at the bottom of the collecting chamber 1 is 50cm-75cm in length, 15cm-45cm in width, and 10cm-45cm in height; the upper base of the isosceles trapezoidal cavity at the top of the collecting chamber 1 is 15cm-30cm in length and 5cm-15cm in width, and the height of the upper and lower bases is 10cm-45cm; the collecting chamber 1 is made of stainless steel.

[0013] A threaded interface is opened at the center of the top of the collection chamber 1. One end of the metal air guide tube 2 is connected through a sealing joint, or one end of the metal air guide tube 2 is welded and fixed to the top of the collection chamber 1. The metal air guide tube 2 communicates with the inner cavity of the collection chamber 1. The other end of the metal air guide tube 2 is connected to one end of the rubber air guide tube 4. The other end of the rubber air guide tube 4 is connected to the inlet end of the air filter 5. The outlet end of the air filter 5 is connected to the air inlet of the air pump 6 through the rubber air guide tube 4. The outlet of the air pump 6 is connected to the gas collection bag 7 through the rubber air guide tube 4.

[0014] To ensure the secure connection between the metal air guide tube 2 and the collection chamber 1, a support and fixation treatment was carried out at the bend of the metal air guide tube 2. One end of the support rod 3 was welded to the top of the collection chamber 1, and the other end of the support rod 3 was fixed to the metal air guide tube 2.

[0015] Collection chamber 1 is used for gathering and collecting thermal runaway gas from solid-state batteries; metal gas guide tube 2 is used for initial cooling of thermal runaway gas from solid-state batteries; air filter 5 is used for filtering solid particulate matter; air pump 6 is used to collect the thermal runaway gas generated by solid-state batteries in the collection chamber into the gas collection bag; gas collection bag 7 is used for thermal runaway gas collection; viewing window 1-1 is used to observe the entire process of thermal runaway of solid-state batteries in collection chamber 1.

[0016] Example 1: The bottom of the collecting cavity 1 has an open rectangular cavity with a length of 60cm, a width of 25cm, and a height of 20cm; The upper base of the isosceles trapezoidal cavity at the top of the collecting chamber 1 has a length of 20cm and a width of 13cm, and the height of the upper and lower bases is 20cm; the viewing window 1-1 has a length of 12cm and a width of 8cm.

[0017] Experimental preparation: Place the solid-state battery sample in the center of the experimental platform and adjust the position of collection chamber 1 so that the solid-state battery is located directly below the inside of collection chamber 1. Thermal runaway triggering: Thermal runaway of solid-state batteries is triggered by puncture, overcharging, or heating.

[0018] Gas collection: When the solid-state battery is triggered and thermal runaway occurs and gas is generated violently (accompanied by particle splashing), turn on the air pump 6 and increase the flow rate by turning on the air pump flow control knob. The thermal runaway gas from the solid-state battery converges upward along the slope of the isosceles trapezoidal cavity wall and enters the air filter 5 in sequence through the metal air guide tube 2 and the rubber air guide tube 4. The air filter 5 filters the solid particles in the thermal runaway gas. The thermal runaway gas after filtering the solid particles is sent into the gas collection bag 7 through the air pump 6. The gas collection bag 7 is then removed to complete the collection.

[0019] After thermal runaway ends, move the entire device to a location with clean air, keep air pump 6 running for 30 seconds to clear residual gas from the pipeline, and then turn off air pump 6.

[0020] Observe the entire process of thermal runaway of a solid-state battery through window 1-1.

Claims

1. A solid-state battery thermal runaway gas collection device, comprising an air filter (5) and an air pump (6), characterized in that: It also includes a collection chamber (1), a metal air guide tube (2), a rubber air guide tube (4), and a gas collection bag (7); one end of the metal air guide tube (2) is fixed to the top of the collection chamber (1), the metal air guide tube (2) communicates with the inner cavity of the collection chamber (1), and the other end of the metal air guide tube (2) is connected to the air filter (5), the air pump (6), and the gas collection bag (7) in sequence through the rubber air guide tube (4). A viewing window (1-1) is provided on the top side of the collection chamber (1).

2. The solid-state battery thermal runaway gas collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a support rod (3), one end of which is fixed to the top of the collection chamber (1), and the other end of which is fixed to the metal air guide tube (2).

3. The solid-state battery thermal runaway gas collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collection cavity (1) consists of an integral bottom and top structure. The bottom of the collection cavity (1) is an open rectangular cavity, and the top of the collection cavity (1) is an isosceles trapezoidal cavity. A viewing window (1-1) is provided on one side of the trapezoidal cavity of the collection cavity (1), and the periphery of the viewing window (1-1) is sealed.

4. The solid-state battery thermal runaway gas collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The viewing window (1-1) is an explosion-proof glass viewing window, with a length of 10cm-15cm and a width of 5cm-10cm.

5. The solid-state battery thermal runaway gas collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the collection chamber (1) is an open rectangular cavity with a length of 50cm-75cm, a width of 15cm-45cm, and a height of 10cm-45cm; The upper base of the isosceles trapezoidal cavity at the top of the collection chamber (1) has a length of 15cm-30cm, a width of 5cm-15cm, and a height of 10cm-45cm between the upper and lower bases.

6. The solid-state battery thermal runaway gas collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collection chamber (1) is made of stainless steel.

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