A vertical optical experimental device for brownian motion particle observation and electrical noise regulation

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of for Brownian motion particle observation and vertical optical experimental device of electric noise regulation, it include: setting sample mechanism on optical platform, optical observation mechanism and noise exerting mechanism, data processing equipment;Sample mechanism includes sample container and first fixture;Optical observation mechanism includes light source lighting equipment, microscopic objective and image acquisition device;Noise exerting mechanism includes signal generator and electrode sheet group;The input end of data processing equipment is electrically connected with the output of optical observation mechanism, and the output of noise exerting mechanism is electrically connected with the input of electrode sheet group, the utility model regulates equivalent temperature by electric noise, avoids the temperature gradient and convection problem of traditional heating method, widens temperature research range, improves experimental efficiency, applicable to Brownian motion related research and the verification experiment of equivalent temperature and diffusion coefficient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of optical measurement technology, and in particular to a vertical optical experimental device for observing Brownian motion particles and controlling electrical noise. Background Technology

[0002] Brownian motion is the irregular, random motion of tiny particles suspended in a fluid. Currently, temperature control is the only direct way to alter the thermal diffusion characteristics of these particles. To enhance thermal diffusion, global heating of the system is necessary. However, traditional methods are limited by the temperature sensitivity of the experimental samples, resulting in a limited study temperature range and a limited number of usable samples. Furthermore, the heating process easily creates temperature gradients within the sample container, triggering convection. Temperature changes are slow, requiring strict experimental procedures and consuming considerable time. Utility Model Content

[0003] This invention provides a vertical optical experimental device for observing Brownian motion particles and controlling electrical noise, which can effectively solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0004] This utility model is implemented as follows: This invention provides a vertical optical experimental apparatus for observing Brownian motion particles and controlling electrical noise, comprising: a sample mechanism, an optical observation mechanism, and a noise application mechanism on an optical platform, and a data processing device; The sample mechanism includes a sample container and a first clamp, wherein the sample container is used to contain a liquid sample containing Brownian motion particles; The optical observation mechanism includes a light source illumination device, a microscope objective, and an image acquisition device; the light source illumination device is disposed on the first side of the sample container, the image acquisition device is disposed on the second side of the sample container, and a microscope objective is also disposed between the sample container and the image acquisition device; The noise application mechanism includes a signal generator and an electrode assembly, wherein the signal generator is used to generate a noise voltage signal and apply it to the electrode assembly to generate a controllable electric field within the sample container; The input terminal of the data processing device is electrically connected to the output terminal of the optical observation mechanism, and the output terminal of the noise application mechanism is electrically connected to the input terminal of the electrode assembly.

[0005] As a further improvement, the sample container is vertically mounted on the first clamp.

[0006] As a further improvement, the sample container is a cuvette.

[0007] As a further improvement, the electrode assembly includes a first electrode and a second electrode, which are arranged in parallel on both sides of the inner sidewall of the sample container.

[0008] As a further improvement, the distance between the first electrode sheet and the second electrode sheet is 0.5 to 5 cm, and the width of the first electrode sheet and the second electrode sheet is 1 to 3 mm.

[0009] As a further improvement, a convex lens is also provided between the light source illumination device and the sample container.

[0010] As a further improvement, the light source is an incoherent light source with a wavelength range of 400–700 nm; the microscope objective has a magnification of 100x and a numerical aperture (NA) ≥ 0.8; and the image acquisition device is a CCD camera with a frame rate ≥ 20 fps.

[0011] The beneficial effects of this utility model are: This invention effectively overcomes the technical bottlenecks of traditional temperature control methods through the integrated design of electrical noise control and optical observation. By setting up a signal generator to produce controllable electrical noise to regulate the equivalent temperature, it achieves active control of Brownian particle diffusion behavior and effective temperature without changing the actual temperature of the system. This avoids problems such as temperature gradient, convection interference, and sample denaturation caused by traditional heating methods, significantly broadening the research scope of temperature-sensitive samples. The use of a vertically placed sample container effectively reduces particle sedimentation and wall effects caused by gravity, improving the freedom of particle motion and the accuracy of trajectory capture. Through data processing modules such as background correction, error analysis, and effective fitting interval determination, the system reduces measurement errors, ensuring that the calculated results of diffusion coefficient and effective temperature have high reliability and repeatability. By using an incoherent light source, which has a wide spectral range and low coherence, interference and diffraction effects can be effectively suppressed, thereby improving the uniformity and clarity of imaging. Attached Figure Description

[0012] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this utility model and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vertical optical experimental device for observing Brownian motion particles and controlling electrical noise, according to this utility model.

[0014] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the sample container structure of a vertical optical experimental device for observing Brownian motion particles and controlling electrical noise, according to this utility model.

[0015] In the figure: 1-Sample mechanism, 11-Sample container, 12-First clamp, 2-Optical observation mechanism, 21-Light source illumination device, 22-Microscopic objective lens, 23-Image acquisition device, 3-Noise application mechanism, 31-Signal generator, 32-Electrode assembly, 4-Convex lens, 5-Data processing device, 6-Optical platform. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this utility model provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed utility model, but merely represents selected embodiments of this utility model. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0017] In the description of this utility model, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0018] Reference Figure 1 As shown, a vertical optical experimental device for observing Brownian motion particles and controlling electrical noise includes: a sample mechanism 1, an optical observation mechanism 2, a noise application mechanism 3, and a data processing device 5. The sample mechanism 1 includes a sample container 11 and a first clamp 12, wherein the sample container 11 is used to contain a liquid sample containing Brownian motion particles; the optical observation mechanism 2 includes a light source illumination device 21, a microscope objective 22, and an image acquisition device 23; the light source illumination device 21 is disposed on the first side of the sample container 11, the image acquisition device 23 is disposed on the second side of the sample container 11, and the microscope objective 22 is also disposed between the sample container 11 and the image acquisition device 23; the noise application mechanism 3 includes a signal generator 31 and an electrode assembly 32, wherein the signal generator 31 is used to generate a noise voltage signal and apply it to the electrode assembly 32 to generate a controllable electric field within the sample container 11; the input terminal of the data processing device 5 is electrically connected to the output terminal of the optical observation mechanism 2, and the output terminal of the noise application mechanism 3 is electrically connected to the input terminal of the electrode assembly 32. By setting up a signal generator 31 to generate controllable electrical noise to regulate the equivalent temperature, the diffusion behavior of Brownian particles and the effective temperature can be actively regulated without changing the actual temperature of the system, thus avoiding problems such as temperature gradient, convection interference, and sample denaturation caused by traditional heating methods.

[0019] Furthermore, referring to Figure 2As shown, the sample mechanism 1 includes a sample container 11 and a first clamp 12. In order to prevent suspended particles in the sample from settling to the bottom of the sample due to gravity, the sample container 11 needs to be vertically set in the first clamp 12. Placing the sample container 11 vertically changes the direction of gravity, making the direction of gravity parallel to the observation plane, which effectively reduces the interference of sedimentation and boundary effects caused by gravity on Brownian motion. Suspended particles in the sample container 11 can still diffuse freely in the direction perpendicular to gravity. Parallel electrode groups 32 are closely attached to both sides of the inner sidewalls of the sample container 11. Each electrode group 32 includes a first electrode and a second electrode, with a distance of 0.5–5 cm between them. The widths of the first and second electrode groups are 1–3 mm. When verifying the Brownian motion experiment, it is not necessary to insert the electrode groups 32 into the sample container 11 or connect the signal generator 31. When verifying the fitting experiment between the equivalent temperature and the diffusion coefficient, the electrode groups 32 are inserted into the sample container 11 and the signal generator 31 is connected. In this embodiment, the sample container 11 is a cuvette, the electrode groups 32 are copper electrodes, and the width of the electrode groups 32 is 2 mm. The distance between the first and second electrode plates is 0.02m. Before each experiment, the electrode plate assembly 32 needs to be cleaned with anhydrous ethanol, dried, and then placed in the sample container 11. The cuvette is vertically fixed on the optical platform 6 by the first clamp 12. The sample container 11 contains polystyrene microspheres of appropriate concentration, diameter, and liquid viscosity. The diameter of the microspheres is 0.5μm, 2μm, and 5μm. In this embodiment, the diameter of the microspheres is preferably 0.5μm. The liquid is a mixture of glycerol and deionized water to ensure that the suspended Brownian particles are not affected by gravity sedimentation during the observation. After the solution is added to the cuvette, it needs to be placed on the clamp and left to stand for 0.5 to 1 hour.

[0020] The optical observation mechanism 2 includes a light source illumination device 21, a microscope objective 22, and an image acquisition device 23. The light source illumination device 21 is located on the first side of the sample container 11, and the image acquisition device 23 is located on the second side of the sample container 11. The microscope objective 22 is located between the sample container 11 and the image acquisition device 23. A convex lens 4 is also located between the light source illumination device 21 and the sample container 11 so that the light emitted by the light source illumination device 21 is uniformly irradiated onto the sample cell after passing through the convex lens. In this embodiment, the light source illumination device 21 adopts an incoherent light source, specifically an LED light source, and its spectral range is set to cover the visible light band, with a wavelength range of 400-700nm. The microscope objective 22 has a magnification of 100x and a numerical aperture NA ≥ 0.8. The image acquisition device 23 adopts a CCD camera with a frame rate ≥ 20fps. The particle image is acquired by the 100x microscope objective 22 and the video data is recorded by the CCD camera and transmitted to the data processing device 5.

[0021] The noise application mechanism 3 includes a signal generator 31 and an electrode assembly 32. The signal generator 31 generates a controllable electrical noise signal during the fitting experiment to verify the equivalent temperature and diffusion coefficient. The electrode assembly 32 is connected to the signal generator 31 via a connection circuit. In this embodiment, the signal generator 31 is configured to generate a Gaussian white noise voltage signal with a bandwidth of 5MHz and a peak-to-peak value in the range of 0 to 10V. When this noise voltage is applied to the electrode assembly 32, a random electric field is generated in the solution. This random electrodynamic force is superimposed on the original thermal noise force, jointly driving the particle motion. This achieves an artificial increase in the intensity of the random force driving the particles to perform Brownian motion without changing the actual temperature of the solution. Furthermore, the effective kinetic energy temperature of the Brownian particles can be controlled by adjusting the output voltage of the signal generator 31.

[0022] Since the width of the electrode assembly 32 is 2 mm, the electric field applied to the electrode assembly 32 will be uneven due to edge effects. In addition, if the electrode assembly 32 is not completely parallel or not tightly attached to the inner wall of the sample container 11, the electric field distribution will be uneven, affecting the voltage control effect of the equivalent temperature experiment. In order to solve the above problems, the observation area needs to be aligned with the tiny area in the middle of the first electrode and the second electrode, and the first electrode and the second electrode need to be tightly attached and parallel to the inner wall of the sample container 11. The electrode assembly 32 can be tightly attached to the inner wall of the sample container 11 by using a micro clamp or spring clamp. When processing data, attention should be paid to the relative relationship and trend of change between variables, and systematic errors should be absorbed by fitting the diffusion coefficient.

[0023] Furthermore, the input end of the data processing device 5 is electrically connected to the output end of the optical observation mechanism 2, and the output end of the noise application mechanism 3 is electrically connected to the input end of the electrode sheet group 32.

[0024] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A vertical optical experimental apparatus for observing Brownian motion particles and controlling electrical noise, characterized in that, include: The optical platform (6) is equipped with a sample mechanism (1), an optical observation mechanism (2), and a noise application mechanism (3), as well as a data processing device (5). The sample mechanism (1) includes a sample container (11) and a first clamp (12), wherein the sample container (11) is used to contain a liquid sample containing Brownian motion particles; The optical observation mechanism (2) includes a light source illumination device (21), a microscope objective (22), and an image acquisition device (23); the light source illumination device (21) is disposed on the first side of the sample container (11), the image acquisition device (23) is disposed on the second side of the sample container (11), and a microscope objective (22) is also disposed between the sample container (11) and the image acquisition device (23). The noise application mechanism (3) includes a signal generator (31) and an electrode assembly (32), wherein the signal generator (31) is used to generate a noise voltage signal and apply it to the electrode assembly (32) to generate a controllable electric field in the sample container (11); The input end of the data processing device (5) is electrically connected to the output end of the optical observation mechanism (2), and the output end of the noise application mechanism (3) is electrically connected to the input end of the electrode sheet group (32).

2. The vertical optical experimental apparatus for observing Brownian motion particles and controlling electrical noise according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sample container (11) is vertically mounted on the first clamp (12).

3. The vertical optical experimental apparatus for observing Brownian motion particles and controlling electrical noise according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sample container (11) is a cuvette.

4. A vertical optical experimental apparatus for observing Brownian motion particles and controlling electrical noise according to claim 2, characterized in that, The electrode assembly (32) includes a first electrode and a second electrode, which are arranged in parallel on both sides of the sample container (11).

5. A vertical optical experimental apparatus for observing Brownian motion particles and controlling electrical noise according to claim 4, characterized in that, The distance between the first electrode and the second electrode is 0.5 to 5 cm, and the width of the first electrode and the second electrode is 1 to 3 mm.

6. The vertical optical experimental apparatus for observing Brownian motion particles and controlling electrical noise according to claim 1, characterized in that, A convex lens (4) is also provided between the light source illumination device (21) and the sample container (11).

7. A vertical optical experimental apparatus for observing Brownian motion particles and controlling electrical noise according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light source is an incoherent light source with a wavelength range of 400–700 nm; the microscope objective has a magnification of 100x and a numerical aperture (NA) of ≥0.8; the image acquisition device is a CCD camera with a frame rate of ≥20 fps.

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