Transparent soil seepage simulation experimental device

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of transparent soil seepage simulation experiment equipment, and particularly relates to a transparent soil seepage simulation experiment device, which comprises a water supply module, a water outlet hose array and a throttle plate mechanism; the water outlet hose array comprises a plurality of elastic water outlet hoses, and the upper ends of the plurality of elastic water outlet hoses are communicated with the water supply module; the throttle plate mechanism comprises a first throttle plate and a second throttle plate which are concentrically superimposed, a plurality of holes corresponding to the plurality of elastic water outlet hoses are respectively formed in the first throttle plate and the second throttle plate, each elastic water outlet hose passes through the hole of the first throttle plate and overlaps the corresponding hole of the second throttle plate to form a hollow area, and the relative movement of the first throttle plate and the second throttle plate drives the holes on the first throttle plate and the second throttle plate to be dislocated to change the hollow area to extrude the elastic water outlet hose and realize the synchronous water outlet flow regulation of the plurality of elastic water outlet hoses. The application can realize the synchronous and continuous regulation of the multi-channel water outlet flow, and can also keep the device structure simple and reduce the device cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the technical field of transparent soil seepage simulation experimental equipment, specifically relating to a transparent soil seepage simulation experimental device. Background Technology

[0002] Transparent soil seepage simulation experiments are an important experimental method in geotechnical engineering for studying groundwater seepage patterns, seepage deformation, and solute transport processes. Existing experimental setups typically involve multiple outlets distributed across a model box, with independent flow control valves on the pipes of each outlet to control the flow rate at each point. This approach has the following drawbacks: First, the flow rate regulation of each outlet channel is independent, requiring individual valve adjustments to achieve overall flow distribution adjustment. This is cumbersome and makes it difficult to ensure synchronous adjustment across multiple channels. Changes in flow conditions during the experiment can lead to transient inconsistencies in the timing of adjustments, affecting the stability of the seepage field. Second, the number of independent valves increases linearly with the number of outlets, resulting in complex piping connections, large space requirements, and variations in valve manufacturing consistency leading to deviations in flow distribution at the same opening degree. Individual calibration is required before use. Therefore, existing transparent soil seepage simulation experimental setups suffer from asynchronous adjustment, equipment complexity, and high cost. Utility Model Content

[0003] This application provides a transparent soil seepage simulation experimental device. In the transparent soil seepage simulation experiment with multiple water outlet channels, it can realize the synchronous and continuous adjustment of the water flow rate of multiple channels, while maintaining the simplicity of the device structure and reducing the cost of the device.

[0004] This application discloses a transparent soil seepage simulation experimental device, including a water supply module, an outlet hose array, and a throttling plate mechanism; The water outlet hose array includes multiple flexible water outlet hoses, the upper ends of which are connected to the water supply module. The throttling plate mechanism includes a first throttling plate and a second throttling plate that are concentrically stacked. The first throttling plate and the second throttling plate are movable relative to each other. The first throttling plate and the second throttling plate are respectively provided with multiple channels that correspond one-to-one with multiple elastic water outlet hoses. Each elastic water outlet hose passes through the hollow area formed by the overlap of the corresponding channel of the first throttling plate and the corresponding channel of the second throttling plate. The relative movement of the first throttling plate and the second throttling plate causes the channels on them to be misaligned, thereby changing the hollow area to compress the elastic water outlet hose and realize the synchronous water flow regulation of multiple elastic water outlet hoses.

[0005] Optionally, the first throttle plate is fixed, and the second throttle plate is movable relative to the first throttle plate in a preset direction; Alternatively, the first throttle plate is fixed, and the second throttle plate is rotatable about its central axis, with the orifice on the first throttle plate having a different shape than the orifice on the second throttle plate.

[0006] Optionally, the multiple flexible water outlet hoses are arranged in a centrally symmetrical circular array.

[0007] Optionally, the channel on the first throttling plate is a wedge-shaped hole with a gradually changing width along the circumference, and the channel on the second throttling plate is an oblong hole extending radially.

[0008] Optionally, multiple flexible water outlet hoses are distributed on at least two concentric circles with different radii. The width gradient slope of the wedge holes located at different radii is different, with the width gradient slope of the wedge holes at smaller radii being greater than that of the wedge holes at larger radii.

[0009] Optionally, the flexible water outlet hose is a silicone hose, and the initial radial dimension of the hollowed-out area, which remains unchanged, is larger than the outer diameter of the flexible water outlet hose.

[0010] Optionally, it may also include a drive mechanism, which is fixedly connected to the second throttle plate and can drive the second throttle plate to move.

[0011] Optionally, it also includes a dial and a limit stop, the dial being used to indicate the rotation angle or movement distance of the second throttle plate, and the limit stop being used to limit the stroke of the second throttle plate.

[0012] Optionally, the water supply module includes a water storage tank, a water pump, and a water supply pressure stabilizing chamber. The water supply pressure stabilizing chamber is equipped with a flow stabilizing grid, which is used to stabilize and regulate the water pumped from the water storage tank and then deliver it to multiple flexible water outlet hoses.

[0013] Optionally, it also includes a support structure for supporting the first throttle plate and the second throttle plate. The support structure includes a first support plate and a second support plate arranged longitudinally. The first support plate and the second support plate have a central cutout. The outer edges of the first throttle plate and the second throttle plate are mounted on the edge areas of the first support plate and the second support plate near the cutout.

[0014] This application supplies water to multiple flexible outlet hoses via a water supply module. These hoses pass through overlapping perforations on a first and second flow control plate, forming a hollow area. When the first and second flow control plates move relative to each other, the perforations on the two plates misalign, changing the shape and area of ​​the hollow area. The edges of the hollow area exert a squeezing effect on the walls of the flexible outlet hoses, altering their flow cross-sectional area. Because multiple flexible outlet hoses are installed within their respective hollow areas, a single relative movement of the two flow control plates can simultaneously change the size of all hollow areas, thereby synchronously adjusting the water flow rate of all the flexible outlet hoses. During operation, the water supply module delivers pressurized water to the upper ends of each flexible outlet hose. The water flows downwards through the inner cavity of the hose to the model box. By driving the second throttling plate to rotate or translate relative to the fixed first throttling plate, the misalignment of the channels continuously changes, the degree of compression of the hose by the hollowed-out area continuously changes, and the flow cross-sectional area of ​​each hose changes synchronously and continuously, achieving synchronous and continuous adjustment of the multi-channel water flow rate. After being compressed and deformed, the flexible outlet hoses recover their original shape due to their own elasticity when the external force is removed, avoiding the decrease in accuracy and internal leakage caused by the wear of hard valve cores. Moreover, the compression-type adjustment still has good adjustment sensitivity in the low flow range by changing the flow cross-sectional area through local deformation of the pipe wall. This solution replaces the multi-channel independent valves with a single-set double-throttling plate synchronous compression mechanism, reducing the number of adjustment components and simplifying the pipeline connection structure. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a specific example of the transparent soil seepage simulation experimental device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another specific example of the transparent soil seepage simulation experimental device according to the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the square throttling plate of the transparent soil seepage simulation experimental device according to an embodiment of this application; Figures 4-7 This is a schematic diagram of the transparent soil seepage simulation experimental device using a circular throttling plate, as described in an embodiment of this application. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the water supply module of the transparent soil seepage simulation experimental device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure label: 11. Water storage tank; 12. Water pump; 13. Water supply and pressure stabilizing chamber; 14. Flow stabilizing grid; 2. Water outlet hose; 31. First throttling plate; 32. Second throttling plate; 33. Channel; 34. Rotating shaft; 35. Circular bearing plate; 36. Circular hollow area; 37. Annular boss; 4. Model box; 5. Drive mechanism; 6. Bearing structure. Detailed Implementation

[0017] In the following description, specific details such as particular system architectures and techniques are set forth for illustrative purposes and not limiting, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of this application. However, those skilled in the art will understand that this application may also be implemented in other embodiments without such specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, apparatuses, circuits, and methods have been omitted so as not to obscure the description of this application with unnecessary detail.

[0018] To address at least one of the problems existing in the prior art, embodiments of this application provide a transparent soil seepage simulation experimental device. For example... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the figure, in this embodiment, the transparent soil seepage simulation experimental device includes a water supply module, an array of outlet hoses 2, and a throttling plate mechanism.

[0019] The array of water outlet hoses 2 includes multiple flexible water outlet hoses 2, the upper ends of which are connected to the water supply module.

[0020] The throttling plate mechanism includes a first throttling plate 31 and a second throttling plate 32 that are concentrically stacked. The first throttling plate 31 and the second throttling plate 32 are movable relative to each other. The first throttling plate 31 and the second throttling plate 32 are respectively provided with a plurality of channels 33 corresponding to a plurality of elastic water outlet hoses 2. Each elastic water outlet hose 2 passes through the hollow area formed by the overlap of the channel 33 of the first throttling plate 31 and the corresponding channel 33 of the second throttling plate 32. The relative movement of the first throttling plate 31 and the second throttling plate 32 causes the channels 33 on them to be misaligned, thereby changing the hollow area to compress the elastic water outlet hose 2 and realize the synchronous water flow regulation of the plurality of elastic water outlet hoses 2.

[0021] Based on the above technical solution, this application supplies water to multiple flexible water outlet hoses 2 through a water supply module. These hoses pass through the hollowed-out areas formed by the overlapping of corresponding channels 33 on the first and second throttling plates 31 and 32. When the first and second throttling plates 31 and 32 move relative to each other, the channels 33 on the two plates misalign, changing the shape and area of ​​the hollowed-out areas. The edges of the hollowed-out areas exert a squeezing effect on the walls of the flexible water outlet hoses 2 passing through them, causing a change in the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the flexible water outlet hoses 2. Since the multiple flexible water outlet hoses 2 are respectively installed in their corresponding hollowed-out areas, a single relative movement of the two throttling plates can simultaneously change the size of all hollowed-out areas, thereby synchronously adjusting the water flow rate of all the flexible water outlet hoses 2. During operation, the water supply module delivers pressurized water to the upper ends of each elastic outlet hose 2. The water flows downwards through the inner cavity of the hose to the model box 4 used for transparent soil experiments. By driving the second throttling plate 32 to rotate or translate relative to the fixed first throttling plate 31, the misalignment of the channel 33 continuously changes, the degree of compression of the hose by the hollow area continuously changes, and the flow cross-sectional area of ​​each hose changes synchronously and continuously, realizing the synchronous and continuous adjustment of the multi-channel water flow rate. After being compressed and deformed, the elastic outlet hose 2 recovers its original shape by its own elasticity when the external force is removed, avoiding the decrease in accuracy and internal leakage caused by the wear of the hard valve core. This solution replaces the multi-channel independent valves with a single-set double throttling plate synchronous compression mechanism, reducing the number of adjustment components and simplifying the pipeline connection structure.

[0022] Specifically, the transparent soil seepage simulation experimental device includes a water supply module, an array of outlet hoses 2, and a throttling plate mechanism. The water supply module provides a stable water flow, the array of outlet hoses 2 delivers the water output from the water supply module to multiple outlet points and then to the experimental model box 4, and the throttling plate mechanism synchronously adjusts the flow rate of each hose in the array of outlet hoses 2. The array of outlet hoses 2 includes multiple flexible outlet hoses 2, the upper ends of which are connected to the water supply module. The water output from the water supply module enters the upper opening of each flexible outlet hose 2 and flows downwards along the inner cavity of the hose.

[0023] The throttling plate mechanism includes a first throttling plate 31 and a second throttling plate 32 arranged concentrically in the vertical direction. The first throttling plate 31 and the second throttling plate 32 can move relative to each other. The first throttling plate 31 and the second throttling plate 32 are respectively provided with multiple channels 33 corresponding to multiple elastic water outlet hoses 2. Each elastic water outlet hose 2 passes through the hollow area formed by the overlap of the channel 33 of the first throttling plate 31 and the corresponding channel 33 of the second throttling plate 32. The relative movement of the first throttling plate 31 and the second throttling plate 32 causes the channels 33 on them to be misaligned, thereby changing the hollow area and squeezing the elastic water outlet hose 2 to realize the synchronous water flow regulation of multiple elastic water outlet hoses 2.

[0024] In an optional embodiment, the first throttling plate 31 and the second throttling plate 32 are arranged vertically with their central axes coinciding, with the first throttling plate 31 located below and the second throttling plate 32 located above. The surfaces of the first throttling plate 31 and the second throttling plate 32 are parallel to each other, and a gap may be left between them to avoid frictional resistance during relative movement. Each channel 33 on the first throttling plate 31 extends through the first throttling plate 31 in the thickness direction, and each channel 33 on the second throttling plate 32 extends through the second throttling plate 32 in the thickness direction. When the first throttling plate 31 and the second throttling plate 32 are arranged parallel to each other along the same axis in the vertical direction, there is an overlapping area between each channel 33 on the first throttling plate 31 and a corresponding channel 33 on the second throttling plate 32 in the projection direction of the plate surface. This overlapping area is the hollow area through which the elastic water outlet hose 2 passes. The shape of the hollow area is determined by the shape and relative position of the corresponding holes 33 on the two plates. When the first throttling plate 31 and the second throttling plate 32 move relative to each other, the overlapping area of ​​the corresponding holes 33 changes, and the boundary of the hollow area moves accordingly, thereby squeezing or releasing the elastic water outlet hose 2 that passes through the hollow area.

[0025] It should be noted that the flexible water outlet hose 2 has elastic deformation capability. When not compressed, the hose maintains a circular cross-section, allowing water to flow freely within the hose's inner cavity. When the boundary of the hollowed-out area moves towards the hose and contacts the outer wall, the hose wall undergoes elastic deformation under the pressure, reducing the flow cross-sectional area and consequently decreasing the water flow rate. As the pressure increases, the hose deformation intensifies, further reducing the flow cross-sectional area until the hose is completely compressed and closed, reducing the water flow rate to zero. When the boundary of the hollowed-out area moves away from the hose, the pressure decreases, and the hose recovers its deformation through its own elasticity, increasing the flow cross-sectional area and consequently increasing the water flow rate. Since multiple flexible water outlet hoses 2 are respectively inserted into their corresponding hollowed-out areas, a single relative movement of the first throttling plate 31 and the second throttling plate 32 simultaneously changes the size and shape of all hollowed-out areas. Therefore, the flow cross-sectional area of ​​all flexible water outlet hoses 2 changes synchronously, achieving synchronous adjustment of the multi-channel water flow rate.

[0026] In one optional implementation, the first throttle plate 31 is fixed, and the second throttle plate 32 is movable relative to the first throttle plate 31 in a preset direction.

[0027] Specifically, in this implementation, such as Figure 3As shown, the first throttling plate 31 and the second throttling plate 32 can be square in shape. Multiple channels 33 can be arranged in an array corresponding to multiple elastic water outlet hoses 2 on the first throttling plate 31 and the second throttling plate 32. The second throttling plate 32 can be moved relative to the fixed first throttling plate 31 along the length, width or other predetermined direction of the square by the driving mechanism 5, so that the hollow area changes to squeeze the elastic water outlet hoses 2 to realize the synchronous water flow regulation of multiple elastic water outlet hoses 2.

[0028] Optionally, guide sliders can be provided on both sides of the second throttling plate 32, and a guide rail is provided on the supporting structure 6 to cooperate with the guide sliders. The second throttling plate 32 can make linear translational movement within the plate surface along the guide rail. When the second throttling plate 32 translates in a preset direction, each channel 33 on the second throttling plate 32 moves linearly together with the second throttling plate 32, creating a misalignment with the corresponding channel 33 fixed on the first throttling plate 31, and the hollow area changes. The advantage of translational adjustment is that the structure is simple, the guiding accuracy is easy to ensure, and it is suitable for application scenarios where the channels 33 are arranged along the translational direction.

[0029] In another alternative embodiment, the first throttle plate 31 is fixed, and the second throttle plate 32 is rotatable about its central axis.

[0030] Specifically, in this embodiment, the first throttling plate 31 and the second throttling plate 32 can be circular in shape. The outer edge of the first throttling plate 31 can be fixedly connected to the supporting structure 6, so that the position and angle of the first throttling plate 31 remain fixed. A rotating shaft 34 is provided at the center of the second throttling plate 32, and the rotating shaft 34 can be connected to the driving mechanism 5. The driving mechanism 5 can drive the second throttling plate 32 to rotate around the central axis. When the second throttling plate 32 rotates around the central axis, the channels 33 on the second throttling plate 32 move in a circular motion together with the second throttling plate 32, while the positions of the channels 33 on the first throttling plate 31 are fixed. Therefore, the overlapping area between the corresponding channels 33 changes, and the shape and area of ​​the hollow area change accordingly. The advantage of the rotational adjustment is that the second throttling plate 32 only rotates and does not have linear displacement. The control and support structure is relatively easy to set up, the volume is small, and the rotational operation is smooth.

[0031] It should be noted that in practical applications, the shape and size of the channels 33 on the first and second throttling plates 31 and 32 can be set according to actual needs to adjust the different water flow rates of multiple outlet hoses 2. For example, when it is necessary to make the water flow rate of the outlet hoses 2 the same, a square throttling plate can be used, and the channel 33 on the throttling plate can be the same size. Then, the two throttling plates can be moved relative to each other along the length or width of the square to achieve synchronous adjustment of the water flow rate of multiple outlet hoses 2. When the first throttling plate 31 and the second throttling plate 32 rotate relative to each other, the shape and size of the channels 33 on the first throttling plate 31 and the channels 33 on the second throttling plate 32 need to be different. The travel of the channels 33 with different radial radii during the rotation process is different. It is necessary to set the shape of the channels 33 that changes in the radial direction so that the change in the hollow area of ​​different radii is the same during the rotation process, so as to meet the requirement of synchronous adjustment of the same change in water flow rate. Similarly, if it is necessary to form a linear or annular gradual water flow adjustment, the size, shape and relative movement of the channel 33 can be set as needed, so that multiple water outlet hoses 2 can synchronously adjust the linear or annular gradual water flow when the two throttling plates move relative to each other.

[0032] In an optional embodiment, the orifice 33 on the first throttling plate 31 and the orifice 33 on the second throttling plate 32 have different shapes. Specifically, the orifices 33 on the two plates adopt different geometric shapes, so that the hollow area formed by their overlap exhibits a specific change pattern during relative movement. For example, the orifice 33 on the first throttling plate 31 can be an arc-shaped hole extending circumferentially, and the orifice 33 on the second throttling plate 32 can be a strip-shaped hole extending radially. The hollow area formed by their overlap changes simultaneously in both the circumferential and radial directions when the second throttling plate 32 rotates; or the orifice 33 on the first throttling plate 31 is a circular hole, and the orifice 33 on the second throttling plate 32 is an elliptical hole. The shape of the overlapping area changes with the relative position. By designing different combinations of orifice 33 shapes on the two plates, different flow regulation characteristic curves can be obtained to meet the needs of different experimental conditions. It should be noted that the different shapes of the channels 33 on the two plates refer to the different shapes of the corresponding pair of channels 33. Different pairs of channels 33 can use the same shape combination or different shape combinations, depending on the flow distribution requirements.

[0033] In one optional embodiment, the multiple flexible water outlet hoses 2 are arranged in a centrally symmetrical circular array.

[0034] Specifically, with the central axis of the first throttling plate 31 and the second throttling plate 32 as the center, multiple flexible water outlet hoses 2 are distributed on one or more concentric circles. The flexible water outlet hoses 2 on the same circle are evenly spaced circumferentially, and the central angle between adjacent hoses is equal. The centrally symmetrical circular array distribution ensures that the distance from each flexible water outlet hose 2 to the central axis is equal on the same circle. When the second throttling plate 32 rotates around the central axis, the corresponding hollow areas of each hose on the same circle change in a consistent manner, thus ensuring that the water flow rate of each hose on the same circle changes synchronously. In addition, the centrally symmetrical distribution ensures that the throttling plate mechanism is subjected to balanced forces during rotation adjustment, avoiding rotational instability and decreased adjustment accuracy caused by uneven loading. The number of multiple flexible water outlet hoses 2 can be determined according to experimental requirements, for example, six, eight, twelve or more. The more hoses there are, the denser the water outlet points are, and the higher the spatial resolution of the seepage simulation. However, correspondingly, the number of channels 33 on the throttling plate is also more, and the arrangement space of the channels 33 is more compact.

[0035] Optionally, the channel 33 on the first throttle plate 31 is a wedge-shaped hole with a gradually changing width along the circumference, and the channel 33 on the second throttle plate 32 is an oblong hole extending radially.

[0036] Specifically, a wedge-shaped orifice refers to a channel 33 whose circumferential width gradually changes radially, increasing or decreasing from the end closest to the center to the end furthest from the center. A waist-shaped orifice refers to an elongated orifice 33 extending radially, with semi-circular ends and a rectangular middle section. The wedge-shaped orifice is located on the first throttling plate 31, its circumferential width gradually changing radially, while the waist-shaped orifice is located on the second throttling plate 32, its length extending radially and its width circumferentially. When the second throttling plate 32 rotates around its central axis, the waist-shaped orifice rotates with it, causing a change in the overlapping area (i.e., the hollow area) between the waist-shaped and wedge-shaped orifices. Because the circumferential width of the wedge-shaped orifice gradually changes radially, while the circumferential width of the waist-shaped orifice remains constant, the hollow area corresponding to the flexible water outlet hose 2 at different radial positions changes differently at the same rotation angle, thus achieving differentiated flow regulation of the hose at different radii.

[0037] When the second throttling plate 32 rotates at an angle, the circumferential side of the oblong orifice is misaligned relative to the circumferential side of the wedge-shaped orifice, reducing the effective width of the hollowed-out area in the circumferential direction. For hoses at different radial positions, since the circumferential width of the wedge-shaped orifice differs at that radial position, the reduction ratio of the hollowed-out area width differs when the oblong orifice side is misaligned by the same distance, resulting in different degrees of flow rate variation. Through this cooperation between the wedge-shaped and oblong orifices, different flow rate gradients can be achieved at hoses with different radii based on synchronous adjustment, forming a radial flow rate gradient distribution.

[0038] In an optional embodiment, when the first throttling plate 31 and the second throttling plate 32 rotate relative to each other, multiple flexible water outlet hoses 2 are distributed on at least two concentric circles with different radii. The width gradient slope of the wedge holes located at different radii is different, and the width gradient slope of the wedge holes at smaller radii is greater than that of the wedge holes at larger radii.

[0039] Specifically, with the central axis as the center, several elastic water outlet hoses 2 are distributed on an inner circumference with radius r1, and several elastic water outlet hoses 2 are distributed on an outer circumference with radius r2, where r1 is smaller than r2. The wedge-shaped holes corresponding to the hoses on the inner circumference have a larger rate of change in circumferential width along the radial direction, meaning the included angle between the two sides of the wedge-shaped hole is larger; corresponding to the wedge-shaped holes on the outer circumference, the rate of change in circumferential width along the radial direction is smaller, meaning the included angle between the two sides of the wedge-shaped hole is smaller. When the second throttling plate 32 rotates by the same angle, the circumferential displacement of the waist-shaped hole on the inner circumference is less than the circumferential displacement of the waist-shaped hole on the outer circumference, because the circumferential displacement equals the rotation angle multiplied by the radius; the smaller the radius, the smaller the displacement. To ensure sufficient flow rate variation in the inner circumference of the flexible tube under relatively small circumferential displacement, the width gradient slope of the wedge-shaped orifice at the inner circumference needs to be designed to be larger. This allows even a small circumferential misalignment to cause a significant change in the width of the hollowed-out area. Conversely, the circumferential displacement of the waist-shaped orifice at the outer circumference is larger, allowing for a smaller width gradient slope to prevent excessively drastic flow rate changes. This differentiated design allows for a more uniform flow rate variation range at the same rotation angle across different radii of the flexible tube, or the acquisition of a specific radial flow rate gradient distribution based on experimental requirements. It should be noted that the width gradient slope of the wedge-shaped orifice refers to the rate of change of the circumferential width of the wedge-shaped orifice with radial distance. This can be characterized by the included angle between the two sides of the wedge-shaped orifice; a larger angle results in a larger slope, and a smaller angle results in a smaller slope.

[0040] In another alternative implementation, such as Figures 4-7 As shown, the first throttling plate 31 and the second throttling plate 32 are provided with multiple circular throttling plate areas. A rotating shaft 34 is provided at the central axis of each throttling plate area of ​​the second throttling plate 32. Multiple identical channels 33 are distributed circumferentially around a preset radius centered on the rotating shaft 34. Each throttling plate area of ​​the second throttling plate 32 can rotate relative to the corresponding throttling plate area on the first throttling plate 31 with the rotating shaft 34 as the center. This ensures that when the rotating shaft 34 of each throttling plate area rotates at the same speed, the compression degree of the hollow area formed by each corresponding channel 33 is the same, thereby realizing the synchronous adjustment of the water output of all water outlet hoses 2.

[0041] In practical applications, a circular hollow area 36 can be formed in the second throttling plate 32 corresponding to each throttling plate region. Orifices 33 with the same preset radius in the throttling plate region are placed on a circular support plate 35, with the diameter of the circular support plate 35 being smaller than that of the circular hollow area 36. This allows the circular support plate 35 to be accommodated within the circular hollow area 36 and to rotate around its central axis within the circular hollow area 36. To support the circular support plate 35 in the circular hollow area 36, ​​an annular boss 37 can be formed on the side of the circular hollow area 36 opposite to the rotating shaft 34, facing the center of the circular hollow area 36. The inner diameter of the annular boss 37 is smaller than the outer diameter of the circular support plate 35, allowing the outer edge of the circular support plate 35 to rest on the annular boss 37. This supports the circular support plate 35 without obstructing the orifices, preventing obstruction of the water outlet hose.

[0042] In an optional embodiment, the elastic water outlet hose 2 is a silicone hose, and the initial radial dimension of the hollowed-out area, which remains unchanged, is larger than the outer diameter of the elastic water outlet hose 2.

[0043] Specifically, silicone hoses possess excellent elastic deformation capacity and aging resistance. They exhibit significant elastic deformation under pressure and quickly return to their original shape after the external force is removed. Furthermore, they are not prone to plastic deformation or fatigue cracking even after prolonged and repeated compression. The smooth inner wall of silicone hoses results in low water flow resistance and reduces scale buildup, making them suitable for long-term use in experimental water environments. The hardness of the silicone hose can be selected based on adjustment requirements. Lower hardness hoses are more easily deformed under pressure, offering higher adjustment sensitivity within small flow ranges, but with lower pressure resistance. Higher hardness hoses have stronger pressure resistance but require greater compressive force to produce the same amount of deformation. In practical applications, a silicone hose with appropriate hardness can be selected based on the water supply pressure and flow adjustment range.

[0044] Specifically, when the first throttling plate 31 and the second throttling plate 32 are in their initial relative positions, the radial dimension of the hollow area formed by the overlapping of the corresponding channels 33 is larger than the outer diameter of the elastic outlet hose 2. This allows the elastic outlet hose 2 to pass freely through the hollow area without being squeezed. At this time, the hose maintains a circular cross-section, maximizing the flow cross-sectional area and the water flow rate. The initial radial dimension of the outlet hose being larger than the outer diameter also ensures that the hose can pass smoothly through the hollow area during installation, and that the hose will not rub against or collide with the edge of the hollow area when it vibrates slightly due to water flow pulsation during device operation. As the first throttling plate 31 and the second throttling plate 32 begin to move relative to each other from their initial positions, the radial dimension of the hollow area gradually decreases. When it decreases to be equal to the outer diameter of the hose, the edge of the hollow area begins to contact the outer wall of the hose. If the relative movement continues, the radial dimension of the hollow area becomes smaller than the outer diameter of the hose, causing the hose to be squeezed and deformed, thus reducing the flow cross-sectional area.

[0045] In an optional embodiment, the drive mechanism 5 is fixedly connected to the second throttle plate 32 and can drive the second throttle plate 32 to move.

[0046] Specifically, when the second throttle plate 32 adopts a rotary adjustment, the drive mechanism 5 may include a drive motor and a reduction transmission assembly. The output shaft of the drive motor is connected to the central rotating shaft 34 of the second throttle plate 32 through the reduction transmission assembly. When the drive motor rotates, it drives the second throttle plate 32 to rotate around the central axis through the reduction transmission assembly. The reduction transmission assembly can be in the form of gear reduction, worm gear reduction, or synchronous belt reduction. The function of the reduction transmission assembly is to reduce the rotational speed and increase the output torque, so that the second throttle plate 32 can rotate smoothly and provide sufficient squeezing force to squeeze the elastic water outlet hose 2. The drive motor can be a stepper motor or a servo motor. The stepper motor can achieve precise angle control and has a lower cost; the servo motor can achieve closed-loop control, with higher adjustment accuracy, and is suitable for experimental scenarios that require precise flow control.

[0047] When the second throttle plate 32 is adjusted by translation, the drive mechanism 5 includes a drive motor and a lead screw and nut transmission assembly. The output shaft of the drive motor is connected to the lead screw, and a nut is mounted on the lead screw. The nut is fixedly connected to the second throttle plate 32. When the drive motor rotates, it drives the lead screw to rotate, and the lead screw drives the nut to move linearly along the lead screw axis, thereby causing the second throttle plate 32 to translate along the guide rail. The drive mechanism 5 may also include a manual adjustment wheel, which is connected to the rotating shaft 34 of the second throttle plate 32 or the lead screw. When the power is off or fine adjustment is required, the adjustment wheel can be manually rotated to move the second throttle plate 32. The drive mechanism 5 allows the movement of the second throttle plate 32 to be controlled electrically or manually, improving the ease of operation and adjustment accuracy of the device.

[0048] It should be noted that, in practical applications, those skilled in the art can set the specific structure of the drive mechanism 5 according to actual needs to realize the movement or rotation of the second throttle plate 32 relative to the first throttle plate 31, or form a drive mechanism that can drive multiple rotating shafts 34 to rotate synchronously by means of a motor and an existing gear transmission mechanism. These are conventional technical means in the field and will not be described in detail here.

[0049] In an optional embodiment, the transparent soil seepage simulation experimental device of this embodiment further includes a dial and a limiting block. The dial is used to indicate the rotation angle or movement distance of the second throttling plate 32, and the limiting block is used to limit the stroke of the second throttling plate 32.

[0050] Specifically, when the second throttling plate 32 is adjusted by rotation, the dial can be an angle dial, fixedly mounted on the supporting structure 6. The center of the dial coincides with the central axis of the second throttling plate 32. An angle scale is marked on the dial along the circumference. A pointer is provided on the second throttling plate 32, and the pointer rotates with the second throttling plate 32. The reading indicated by the pointer on the dial is the rotation angle of the second throttling plate 32 relative to its initial position. By reading the dial, the experimenter can accurately determine the rotation angle of the second throttling plate 32 and determine the flow rate of each elastic outlet hose 2 according to the pre-calibrated angle-flow relationship curve. When the second throttling plate 32 is adjusted by translation, the dial can be replaced with a length scale. The length scale is set along the translation direction of the second throttling plate 32, and a pointer is provided on the second throttling plate 32. The reading indicated by the pointer on the length scale is the translation distance of the second throttling plate 32.

[0051] Specifically, a limiting block is positioned along the movement path of the second throttle plate 32. When the second throttle plate 32 rotates or translates to its limit position, the limiting part on the second throttle plate 32 contacts the limiting block, preventing the second throttle plate 32 from moving further. Two limiting blocks are provided, one at each end of the stroke of the second throttle plate 32. One corresponds to the maximum flow position, where the open area is at its largest, and the elastic water outlet hose 2 is not compressed; the other corresponds to the minimum flow position, where the open area is at its smallest, and the elastic water outlet hose 2 is completely compressed and closed. By setting the limiting blocks, damage to the mechanism or excessive compression of the hose caused by the overtravel of the second throttle plate 32 can be prevented, and a clear adjustment range reference is provided for the experimenter. The combined use of the dial and the limiting blocks makes the flow adjustment process intuitive and controllable, and the experiment has good repeatability.

[0052] In alternative implementations, such as Figure 8 As shown, the water supply module includes a water storage tank 11, a water pump 12, and a water supply pressure stabilizing chamber 13. The water supply pressure stabilizing chamber 13 is equipped with a flow stabilizing grid 14, which is used to stabilize and regulate the water pumped by the water pump 12 from the water storage tank 11 and then deliver it to multiple flexible water outlet hoses 2.

[0053] Specifically, the water storage tank 11 is used to store experimental water. The volume of the water storage tank 11 is determined according to the experimental duration and flow rate requirements. A level gauge can be installed on the water storage tank 11 to observe the remaining water volume. A drain valve is installed at the bottom of the water storage tank 11 to drain the stored water after the experiment. The inlet of the water pump 12 is connected to the water storage tank 11 through a pipeline, and the outlet of the water pump 12 is connected to the water supply pressure stabilizing chamber 13 through a pipeline. The water pump 12 draws water from the water storage tank 11 and pressurizes it to deliver it to the water supply pressure stabilizing chamber 13. The water pump 12 can be a centrifugal pump or a diaphragm pump. Centrifugal pumps have a large flow rate and stable operation, making them suitable for high-flow-rate experimental scenarios; diaphragm pumps have stable pressure and strong self-priming ability, making them suitable for experimental scenarios that require precise pressure control. The water supply pressure stabilizing chamber 13 is connected between the water pump 12 and the array of outlet hoses 2. It is used to stabilize and regulate the water flow output by the water pump 12, eliminate pressure pulsations in the water output of the water pump 12, and stabilize the water flow pressure delivered to each flexible outlet hose 2. A flow-stabilizing grid 14 is installed inside the water supply pressure stabilizing chamber 13. The flow-stabilizing grid 14 has a multi-layer perforated plate structure. When the water flows through the flow-stabilizing grid 14, it is divided and rectified multiple times, and the vortices and pulsations in the water flow are attenuated, resulting in a more uniform velocity distribution of the outlet water flow. The aperture and number of layers of the flow-stabilizing grid 14 can be designed according to the pressure stabilization requirements. The smaller the aperture and the more layers, the better the pressure stabilization effect, but the greater the water flow resistance. A balance needs to be struck between the pressure stabilization effect and the resistance loss. The outlet of the water supply pressure stabilizing chamber 13 is connected to the upper end of multiple elastic water outlet hoses 2 through a water distribution connector. The water distribution connector evenly distributes the pressure-stabilized water flow to each elastic water outlet hose 2, ensuring that the water pressure at the inlet of each hose is consistent. Through the cooperation of the water storage tank 11, the water pump 12, and the water supply pressure stabilizing chamber 13, a stable and uniform water supply source is provided for the array of water outlet hoses 2, laying the foundation for subsequent synchronous flow regulation.

[0054] In an optional embodiment, the transparent soil seepage simulation experimental device further includes a support structure 6 for supporting the first throttling plate 31 and the second throttling plate 32. The support structure 6 includes a first support plate and a second support plate arranged longitudinally. The first support plate and the second support plate have a central hollow. The outer edges of the first throttling plate 31 and the second throttling plate 32 are mounted on the edge areas of the first support plate and the second support plate near the hollow.

[0055] Specifically, the first and second support plates can be rectangular plate-shaped components, vertically parallel, with a gap between them to accommodate the first throttling plate 31 and the second throttling plate 32. A perforated window is provided in the center of both the first and second support plates. The shape of the perforated window can be circular or rectangular, and its size is smaller than the outer diameter of the first and second throttling plates 31 and 32, allowing the outer edges of the first and second throttling plates 31 and 32 to rest against the edge area of ​​the support plate near the perforated window. The outer edge of the first throttling plate 31 is fixed to the upper edge of the first and second support plates by bolts or clips, keeping the first throttling plate 31 fixed. The outer edge of the second throttling plate 32 rests against the edge area of ​​the support plate and can rotate or translate relative to the support plate. The edge area of ​​the support plate provides support and guidance for the second throttling plate 32. A base is connected to the bottom of the first and second support plates, and the base is placed on the experimental platform to ensure the stability of the entire support structure 6. The supporting structure 6 may also include a transverse connecting plate, which connects the top and sides of the first and second supporting plates to enhance the overall rigidity of the supporting structure 6 and prevent the supporting plates from deforming under the reaction force of the throttling plate squeezing the hose. This structure with a central hollowed-out double supporting plate provides stable support for the throttling plate mechanism and leaves space in the center for the flexible outlet hose 2 to pass through and for water to flow through, resulting in a simple and compact structure.

[0056] Those skilled in the art will understand that in the design of transparent soil seepage simulation experimental devices, the conventional approach to multi-channel flow regulation is to set up an independent regulating valve for each outlet channel, and control the flow rate of each channel by adjusting the opening of each valve individually. This approach is feasible when the number of channels is small, but when the number of channels increases to a dozen or even dozens, the number of independent valves increases simultaneously, the pipeline connection becomes more complex, and it is difficult to ensure the synchronicity of each channel by adjusting the valves one by one. The sequential changes in the flow rate of each channel during the regulation process will cause transient disturbances in the seepage field.

[0057] The dual-throttling plate synchronous compression of the elastic hose adopted in this application differs significantly from the conventional approach described above. Conventional valve regulation controls flow by altering the flow cross-sectional area of ​​a rigid valve orifice, with the regulating component in direct contact with the water flow. Over long-term operation, valve core wear and corrosion lead to decreased regulation accuracy. In contrast, this application changes the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the elastic hose by misaligning the throttling plate orifice 33 and compressing the outer wall of the hose. The regulating component does not directly contact the water flow; the water flows only within the hose's inner cavity, avoiding wear and corrosion issues. In conventional multi-valve schemes, the regulation of each channel is independent, and synchronicity depends on the operating sequence or complex linkage mechanisms. In this application, the regulation of all channels is synchronously completed by a single relative movement of the two throttling plates, inherently possessing synchronicity and requiring no additional linkage mechanisms.

[0058] During use, at the initial stage of the experiment, the first throttling plate 31 and the second throttling plate 32 are in their initial positions, at which point the hollow area is at its maximum, and the elastic water outlet hoses 2 are not compressed. Then, the water pump 12 is started, drawing water from the storage tank 11 and delivering it to the water supply and pressure stabilizing chamber 13. After the water flows through the flow stabilizing grid 14 in the water supply and pressure stabilizing chamber 13, it is distributed to the upper ends of each elastic water outlet hose 2 through the water distribution connector. The water flows downwards along the inner cavity of the hose and flows out from the lower end of the hose into the model box 4. At this time, the flow cross-sectional area of ​​each elastic water outlet hose 2 is at its maximum, and the water flow rate is at its maximum. When it is necessary to reduce the water flow rate, the experimenter uses the drive mechanism 5 to rotate or translate the second throttling plate 32 relative to the first throttling plate 31. The oblong hole on the second throttling plate 32 moves with the second throttling plate 32, creating a misalignment with the fixed wedge-shaped hole on the first throttling plate 31. The hollow area formed by the overlap of the two gradually decreases. When the radial dimension of the hollowed-out area decreases to be equal to the outer diameter of the elastic outlet hose 2, the edge of the hollowed-out area begins to contact the outer wall of the hose. Continuing to move the second throttling plate 32, the hollowed-out area decreases further, and the hose wall undergoes elastic deformation under the pressure of the hollowed-out area edge, reducing the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the hose and consequently decreasing the water flow rate. Since all the elastic outlet hoses 2 are respectively inserted into their corresponding hollowed-out areas, each movement of the second throttling plate 32 simultaneously changes the size of all hollowed-out areas, thus reducing the water flow rate of all hoses synchronously. The experimenter can read the rotation angle or translation distance of the second throttling plate 32 using a dial and determine the current water flow rate based on a pre-calibrated relationship curve. When it is necessary to increase the water flow rate, the second throttling plate 32 is moved in the opposite direction, gradually increasing the hollowed-out area. The pressure on the hose decreases, and the hose recovers its deformation through its own elasticity, increasing the flow cross-sectional area and thus increasing the water flow rate. When the second throttling plate 32 returns to its initial position, the hollowed-out area returns to its maximum size, the hose completely returns to its circular cross-section, and the water flow rate returns to its maximum value. When the second throttling plate 32 moves to another extreme position, the hollow area is reduced to a minimum, the hose is completely squeezed and closed, the water flow rate drops to zero, and the limit block prevents the second throttling plate 32 from moving further.

[0059] Furthermore, the device of this application can achieve different flow regulation characteristics by replacing the throttling plates with different orifice shapes 33. For example, replacing the wedge-shaped orifice on the first throttling plate 31 with a stepped orifice can make the flow regulation exhibit segmented characteristics, with rapid flow changes in certain angular ranges and slow flow changes in other angular ranges, to meet the needs of specific experimental conditions. Replacing the oblong orifice on the second throttling plate 32 with an arc-shaped orifice can make the variation law of the hollow area more complex, obtaining a non-linear flow regulation curve. The replacement of the throttling plate is simple; it only requires loosening the fixing bolts, removing the old throttling plate, installing the new throttling plate, and re-fixing it, without changing other structures. By replacing the throttling plates, the same device can adapt to a variety of different experimental needs, improving the versatility of the device.

[0060] This application is not limited to this. In one embodiment, the lower end of the flexible water outlet hose 2 can be connected to a water outlet nozzle, which is made of a rigid material and is used to guide the water flow output from the hose to a specific position in the model box 4. One end of the water outlet nozzle is inserted into the lower end of the flexible water outlet hose 2, and the other end is a free end that can be bent into a specific angle as needed. The water outlet nozzle prevents the lower end of the hose from swinging due to water flow impact, ensuring the stability of the water outlet position. In another embodiment, the lower ends of multiple flexible water outlet hoses 2 can be connected to the same water collection plate. The water collection plate has water outlet holes corresponding to each hose, and the lower ends of the hoses are inserted into the water outlet holes. The water collection plate evenly distributes the water output from each hose onto the bottom surface of the model box 4. The water collection plate can be made of a transparent material to allow observation of the water flow distribution.

[0061] It should be noted that the first throttling plate 31 and the second throttling plate 32 can be made of materials such as plexiglass, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or stainless steel. Plexiglass and PVC have good processing performance and corrosion resistance, and are lightweight, making them suitable for manufacturing experimental devices; stainless steel has high strength and rigidity, making it suitable for scenarios requiring high compressive force. The thickness of the two throttling plates is determined based on the hose diameter and compressive requirements. A larger plate thickness results in a more uniform guiding and compressive effect of the orifice 33 on the hose, but also increases the weight and processing difficulty of the plates. The inner diameter of the flexible outlet hose 2 is determined based on the experimental flow rate requirements. A larger inner diameter results in a larger maximum flow rate, but requires greater compressive force to completely close the hose. The wall thickness of the hose is determined based on pressure resistance and elastic deformation requirements. A larger wall thickness results in stronger pressure resistance, but makes elastic deformation more difficult, requiring greater compressive force.

[0062] Without going into further detail, the transparent soil seepage simulation experimental device of this application achieves multi-channel synchronous flow regulation through a double-throttle plate orifice 33-positioned compression elastic hose. It integrates the functions of multiple independent valves in conventional schemes into a single throttle plate mechanism, simplifying the device structure and improving regulation synchronization. Simultaneously, the radial flow gradient distribution is achieved through the combination of wedge-shaped and waist-shaped orifices and differentiated slope design, meeting the requirements for multi-channel synchronous regulation and regional flow distribution in transparent soil seepage simulation experiments. The device's components have simple structures, are easy to manufacture and assemble, and have low maintenance costs, making it suitable for widespread use in geotechnical engineering seepage simulation experiments.

Claims

1. A transparent soil seepage simulation experimental device, characterized in that, This includes a water supply module, an outlet hose array, and a throttling plate mechanism; The water outlet hose array includes multiple flexible water outlet hoses, the upper ends of which are connected to the water supply module. The throttling plate mechanism includes a first throttling plate and a second throttling plate that are concentrically stacked. The first throttling plate and the second throttling plate are movable relative to each other. The first throttling plate and the second throttling plate are respectively provided with multiple channels that correspond one-to-one with multiple elastic water outlet hoses. Each elastic water outlet hose passes through the hollow area formed by the overlap of the corresponding channel of the first throttling plate and the corresponding channel of the second throttling plate. The relative movement of the first throttling plate and the second throttling plate causes the channels on them to be misaligned, thereby changing the hollow area to compress the elastic water outlet hose and realize the synchronous water flow regulation of multiple elastic water outlet hoses.

2. The transparent soil seepage simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first throttle plate is fixed, and the second throttle plate is movable relative to the first throttle plate in a preset direction; Alternatively, the first throttle plate is fixed, and the second throttle plate is rotatable about its central axis, with the orifice on the first throttle plate having a different shape than the orifice on the second throttle plate.

3. The transparent soil seepage simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple flexible water outlet hoses are arranged in a centrally symmetrical circular array.

4. The transparent soil seepage simulation experimental device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The channel on the first throttling plate is a wedge-shaped hole with a gradually changing width along the circumference, and the channel on the second throttling plate is an oblong hole extending radially.

5. The transparent soil seepage simulation experimental device according to claim 4, characterized in that, Multiple flexible water outlet hoses are distributed on at least two concentric circles with different radii. The width gradient slope of the wedge holes located at different radii is different, and the width gradient slope of the wedge holes at smaller radii is greater than that of the wedge holes at larger radii.

6. The transparent soil seepage simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible water outlet hose is a silicone hose, and the initial radial dimension of the hollowed-out area, which remains unchanged, is larger than the outer diameter of the flexible water outlet hose.

7. The transparent soil seepage simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a drive mechanism, which is fixedly connected to the second throttle plate and can drive the second throttle plate to move.

8. The transparent soil seepage simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a dial and a limit stop, the dial being used to indicate the rotation angle or movement distance of the second throttle plate, and the limit stop being used to limit the stroke of the second throttle plate.

9. The transparent soil seepage simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water supply module includes a water storage tank, a water pump, and a water supply pressure stabilizing chamber. The water supply pressure stabilizing chamber is equipped with a flow stabilizing grid, which is used to stabilize and regulate the water pumped from the water storage tank and then deliver it to multiple flexible water outlet hoses.

10. The transparent soil seepage simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a support structure for supporting the first throttle plate and the second throttle plate. The support structure includes a first support plate and a second support plate arranged longitudinally. The first support plate and the second support plate have a central cutout. The outer edges of the first throttle plate and the second throttle plate are mounted on the edge areas of the first support plate and the second support plate near the cutout.

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