An on-line observation system for water and solute in groundwater-soil-crop continuum

Abstract

The utility model relates to soil monitoring technical field, and disclose a kind of water, solute on-line observation system in groundwater-soil-crop continuum, including measuring bucket subsystem and on-line marck bottle automatic water supply system.The utility model is applicable to environmental evaluation and agricultural production;Soil moisture, temperature and salinity on-line monitoring can be realized, simulate soil water salt migration;It can be used for soluble solution monitoring, without damaging soil structure, high reusability;A small amount of soil can be taken, and the overall structure of soil is less damaged;Underground water level change can be read on-line, and it can be used for farmland water conversion analysis and G-SPAC system research;Terminal operation platform is used to record groundwater recharge and the moisture, temperature and salinity content of each soil layer of measuring bucket, measuring bucket with different water level can be set, the scale of marck bottle and the size of measuring bucket can also be changed, measuring bucket observation group can be formed, when used for field observation, data can be uploaded to cloud, and measuring bucket monitoring cloud data sharing is formed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of soil monitoring technology, specifically to an online monitoring system for moisture and solutes in a groundwater-soil-crop continuum. Background Technology

[0002] Simulation monitoring of soil moisture, solutes, and pollutants, as well as environmental pollution assessment, typically rely on large-scale subsurface infiltration meters for observation and evaluation. However, large-scale subsurface infiltration meters are expensive, have poor mobility and flexibility, cause significant environmental damage during construction, and are significantly affected by external weather and rainfall. Utility Model Content

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this utility model provides an online monitoring system for moisture and solutes in the groundwater-soil-crop continuum. It has a relatively low cost, is relatively easy to load and unload, is highly mobile, and can be reused. It can be used to assess the risk of environmental pollutants (groundwater pollution), study the water and fertilizer consumption patterns in agricultural production, and guide agricultural production.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: an online monitoring system for moisture and solutes in a groundwater-soil-crop continuum, comprising a measuring barrel subsystem and an online Marshall bottle automatic water supply system. The measuring barrel subsystem includes a measuring barrel body with multiple soil sampling holes sequentially opened on it. A drainage hole is opened at the bottom of the measuring barrel body, and a water-stop clamp for controlling opening and closing is connected to the outside of the drainage hole. A water replenishment hole is provided at the bottom of the measuring barrel body, and a filter layer is connected to the top of the water replenishment hole. A water supply pipe is connected to one side of the measuring barrel body, and the other end of the water supply pipe is connected to the Marshall bottle automatic water supply system. An online soil parameter monitoring structure and a soil solution extraction structure are connected to one side of the measuring barrel subsystem.

[0005] Furthermore, the online soil parameter monitoring structure includes multiple three-in-one probes and clay heads, which are located inside the main body of the measuring bucket. A two-in-one probe is also connected inside the main body of the measuring bucket. The three-in-one probe, the two-in-one probe, and the clay head are connected in parallel and connected to a host computer via a main line.

[0006] Furthermore, the soil solution extraction structure includes a vacuum bottle, a vacuum tube, a vacuum gauge, and a vacuum pump. Each clay head is connected to a water-permeable silicone tube on one side, and the other end of the water-permeable silicone tube is connected to a vacuum bottle. A connecting fitting is connected to the top of the vacuum bottle, and a venting tube is connected to one side of the connecting fitting. A gas-stopping clamp for controlling gas opening and closing is connected to the venting tube. One end of the venting tube is connected to the vacuum tube, and the other end of the vacuum tube is connected to the vacuum pump. A vacuum gauge is connected between the vacuum pump and the vacuum tube. A bottle stopper is connected to the top of the vacuum bottle, and a rubber stopper is connected between the bottle stopper and the bottle mouth. Vertical shelves are connected to the outside of the multiple vacuum bottles.

[0007] Furthermore, the online Marshall bottle automatic water supply system includes a float and a water level balancer. One end of the water supply pipe is connected to the bottle body. A second solenoid valve is connected to the outer side of the water supply pipe near the bottle body. A scale strip is provided on the outer side of the bottle body. The float, a guide rod in the bottle, and the water level balancer are connected inside the bottle body. The top of the water level balancer is connected to a rubber stopper. A water inlet pipe is connected to one side of the outer wall of the bottle body. A first solenoid valve is connected to the water inlet pipe. A vent is fixedly connected to the top of the bottle body. A third solenoid valve is connected to the vent. The first, second, and third solenoid valves are all connected to a terminal operation platform via wires.

[0008] Furthermore, a bracket and a base are connected to one side of the bottle body.

[0009] Furthermore, the terminal operating platform and the host are electrically connected to a mobile terminal.

[0010] Furthermore, a soil sampling device structure is connected to the outside of the main body of the measuring bucket. The soil sampling device structure includes a square caliper. A circular hollow handle is connected to the outside of the square caliper. An outer sampling ring and an inner sampling ring are connected inside the circular hollow handle. The inner sampling ring is movably connected inside the outer sampling ring. A control line is provided on the outside of the circular hollow handle.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0012] 1. This utility model is applicable to environmental assessment and agricultural production, and has complete functions; it can realize online monitoring of soil moisture, temperature and salinity, and simulate soil water and salt transport; it can be used for monitoring soluble solutions without damaging the soil structure and has a high reuse rate; it can take a small amount of soil, with minimal damage to the overall soil structure; it can read groundwater level changes online, and can be used for farmland water transformation analysis and G-SPAC system research.

[0013] 2. This utility model uses a terminal operation platform to record groundwater recharge and the moisture, temperature and salinity of each soil layer in the measuring bucket, eliminating the need for manual observation and measurement, saving time and effort. According to actual needs, measuring buckets with different water levels can be set up, and the size of the Marshall bottle and the measuring bucket can also be changed according to actual needs, forming a measuring bucket observation group. When used for field observation, the data can be uploaded to the cloud to form a cloud data sharing for measuring bucket monitoring. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model;

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the circular hollow handle, the outer soil-collecting ring, and the inner soil-collecting ring of this utility model.

[0016] In the diagram: 1. Inlet pipe; 2. First solenoid valve; 3. Support; 4. Base; 5. Water level balancer; 6. Second solenoid valve; 7. Third solenoid valve; 8. Vent; 9. Float; 10. Guide rod in the bottle; 11. Scale strip; 12. Bottle body; 13. Water supply pipe; 14. Wire; 15. Terminal operation platform; 16. Main body of the measuring bucket; 17. Soil sampling hole; 18. Filter layer; 19. Water replenishment hole; 20. Three-in-one probe; 21. Clay head; 22. Two-in-one probe; 23. Rubber stopper; 24. Drain hole; 25. Bottle stopper; 26. Water stop clamp; 27. Water-passing silicone tube; 28. Main line; 29. ​​Vacuum bottle; 30. Vertical shelf; 31. Air stop clamp; 32. Connecting fittings; 33. Vent pipe; 34. Vacuum tube; 35. Vacuum gauge; 36. Vacuum pump; 37. Main unit; 38. Mobile terminal; 39. Square caliper; 40. Circular hollow handle; 41. Outer ring for soil sampling; 42. Inner ring for soil sampling; 43. Control line. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments.

[0018] like Figures 1 to 2As shown, an online monitoring system for water and solute in a groundwater-soil-crop continuum includes a measuring barrel subsystem and an online Marshall bottle automatic water supply system. The measuring barrel subsystem includes a measuring barrel body 16, on which multiple soil sampling holes 17 are sequentially opened. A drainage hole 24 is opened at the bottom of the measuring barrel body 16, and a water-stop clamp 26 for controlling the opening and closing is connected to the outside of the drainage hole 24. A water replenishment hole 19 is provided at the bottom of the measuring barrel body 16, and a filter layer 18 is connected to the top of the water replenishment hole 19. A water supply pipe 13 is connected to one side of the measuring barrel body 16, and the other end of the water supply pipe 13 is connected to the Marshall bottle automatic water supply system. A soil parameter online monitoring structure and a soil solution extraction structure are connected to one side of the measuring barrel subsystem.

[0019] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, in the groundwater-soil-crop continuum online monitoring system of this utility model, the main body 16 of the measuring bucket is made of PVC material. Using the soil surface inside the bucket as a reference plane, a 5-10cm margin is left upwards to accommodate irrigation water layers, etc. The first soil moisture, temperature, and salinity integrated probe 20 and a clay head 21 are buried 10cm downwards. When burying the integrated probe 20 and clay head 21, they are arranged in a "V" shape, located in the same soil layer. Subsequently, the integrated probe 20 and clay head 21 are buried at a depth of 20cm, reaching a soil layer of 130cm. Then, maintaining a 20cm interval, the clay head 21 and the temperature and salinity dual-mode probe 22 are buried, both reaching a depth of 170cm. A reverse filter layer is added between 170cm and 190cm, consisting of three layers from top to bottom: weather-resistant sand, gravel, and crushed stone. The bottom of the measuring barrel 16 is surrounded by a PVC hard plastic water supply pipe 13 with pinholes, one end of which is fixed to the center of the bottom of the barrel, and the other end is connected to the automatic water supply system of the Mascher bottle to receive water. A drainage hole 24 for the filter cloth is left on one side of the measuring barrel body 16, and the drainage is controlled by a water stop clamp 26.

[0020] The filter layer 18 on the drain hole 24 can also be replaced by non-woven filter cloth, and the bottom of the bucket is added with a circular groove. This method can further simplify the construction and disassembly is relatively easy.

[0021] When online monitoring of soil solutes and extracted aqueous solutions are insufficient for observation needs, and large-scale soil sampling is not required, but more complex soil material analysis is needed, two 2.2cm diameter sampling holes (17) are set every 15cm in a straight downward direction, using the soil surface of the measuring bucket as a reference. The two holes are on the same plane, spaced 1 / 4 of a circle apart (forming a 90° angle with the center of the circle). This hole is used for soil sampling, set up to 135cm. Then, the first sampling hole (17) is set 5cm below the groundwater level (150cm), and so on, every 10cm until reaching 175cm. When soil biochemical analysis is required, a specially designed soil sampling device is used, and the sampled soil can be backfilled.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, the online soil parameter monitoring structure includes multiple three-in-one probes 20 and clay heads 21. The three-in-one probes 20 and clay heads 21 are located inside the main body 16 of the measuring bucket. A two-in-one probe 22 is also connected inside the main body 16 of the measuring bucket. The three-in-one probes 20, two-in-one probes 22 and clay heads 21 are connected in parallel and connected to the host 37 through the main line 28.

[0023] Specifically, when it is necessary to monitor soil moisture, temperature, and salinity, the three-in-one probe 20 and two-in-one probe 22 of each layer are connected in parallel to the main line 28, and then connected to the host 37. The host 37 can realize online and offline synchronous monitoring of soil parameter changes, so as to grasp and analyze the spatiotemporal variation patterns of soil moisture, temperature, and salinity at any time.

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, the soil solution extraction structure includes a vacuum bottle 29, a vacuum tube 34, a vacuum gauge 35, and a vacuum pump 36. Each clay head 21 is connected to a water-permeable silicone tube 27 on one side, and the other end of the water-permeable silicone tube 27 is connected to the vacuum bottle 29. A connecting fitting 32 is connected to the top of the vacuum bottle 29, and a venting tube 33 is connected to one side of the connecting fitting 32. A gas stop clamp 31 for controlling the opening and closing of the gas is connected to the venting tube 33. One end of the venting tube 33 is connected to the vacuum tube 34, and the other end of the vacuum tube 34 is connected to the vacuum pump 36. A vacuum gauge 35 is connected between the vacuum pump 36 and the vacuum tube 34. A bottle stopper 25 is connected to the top of the vacuum bottle 29, and a rubber stopper 23 is connected between the bottle stopper 25 and the bottle mouth. Vertical shelves 30 are connected to the outside of multiple vacuum bottles 29.

[0025] Specifically, when it is necessary to determine a specific water-soluble substance in the soil, such as nitrate nitrogen or COD, but it is not possible to collect a large amount of soil, a portion can be extracted using soil solution.

[0026] This part consists of a clay head 21, a water-passing silicone tube 27 (made of silicone flexible tubing), a water-stopping clamp 26, an air-stopping clamp 31, a vacuum bottle 29 (soil solution collection bottle), a vertical shelf 30, a vacuum tube 34, a vacuum gauge 35, and a vacuum pump 36.

[0027] During operation:

[0028] ① When there are many test barrels. Connect the clay head 21 on the test barrel body 16 to the vacuum bottle 29 and vacuum tube 34 in sequence through the water-conducting silicone tube 27. The clay head 21 below the groundwater level can be left unconnected (the water level is high, and the aqueous solution can flow out on its own here). Open the gas stop clamp 31 on the connecting tube and start the vacuum pump 36. After the vacuum gauge 35 on the vacuum pump 36 maintains negative pressure (0.09Pa) for 1-2 minutes, close the gas stop clamp 31 on one side of the vacuum tube 34 to maintain negative pressure in the vacuum bottle 29 and extract the soil solution on its own. Operate each vacuum bottle 29 in sequence from the top to the bottom of the test barrel body 16. Finally, turn off the vacuum pump 36 and proceed to the next set of soil solution extraction. The vertical shelf 30 can be hung on the edge of the test barrel body 16 or placed vertically on the ground.

[0029] ② When the main body 16 of the measuring bucket is low, do not disconnect the water-conducting silicone tube 27 between the vacuum tube 34 and the vacuum bottle 29, start the vacuum pump 36, and continuously apply negative pressure to quickly extract the soil solution.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the online Marshall bottle automatic water supply system includes a water float 9, a water level balancer 5, a water supply pipe 13 connected to a bottle body 12 at one end, a second solenoid valve 6 connected to the outer side of the water supply pipe 13 near the bottle body 12, a scale bar 11 on the outer side of the bottle body 12, a water float 9, a bottle guide rod 10 and a water level balancer 5 connected inside the bottle body 12, the top of the water level balancer 5 connected to a rubber stopper 23, a water inlet pipe 1 connected to one side of the outer wall of the bottle body 12, a first solenoid valve 2 connected to the water inlet pipe 1, a vent hole 8 fixedly connected to the top of the bottle body 12, a third solenoid valve 7 connected to the vent hole 8, and the first solenoid valve 2, the second solenoid valve 6 and the third solenoid valve 7 are all connected to a terminal operation platform 15 through wires 14.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, a bracket 3 and a base 4 are connected to one side of the bottle body 12.

[0032] Specifically, the online Marshall bottle automatic water supply system automatically senses the rise and fall of the water level based on the water float 9 (which contains a water level sensor), and triggers the solenoid valve to control water flow and vent air.

[0033] The online Marshall bottle water supply system consists of a bracket 3, a base 4, an inlet pipe 1, a supply pipe 13, a vent 8, a first solenoid valve 2, a second solenoid valve 6, a water level balancer 5, a float (containing a water level sensor) 9, a guide rod in the bottle 10, a wire 14, a bottle body 12, a scale strip 11, and a terminal operation platform 15. The bottle body 12 is made of plexiglass, with an outer diameter of 11cm and a height of 60cm. The bracket 3 is made of stainless steel and is 80cm high. The base 4 is made of cast iron, is a square with an area of ​​250cm², and is 1cm thick. Both the inlet pipe 1 and the supply pipe 13 are made of 1cm diameter plastic hoses. The guide rod 10 is made of smooth stainless steel and is fixed in the bottle. The water level balancer 5 is made of transparent hollow hard plastic tubing, with its upper end connected to a rubber stopper 23, allowing it to communicate with the atmosphere during operation.

[0034] When the water level in the bottle drops to the control level (lower limit), the terminal operation platform 15 receives the signal and transmits it to the second solenoid valve 6, which closes. The signal is then transmitted to the third solenoid valve 7, which opens to maintain communication between the bottle and the atmosphere. Subsequently, the first solenoid valve 2 opens, and water begins to be injected into the Marshall bottle. When the water level reaches the inlet (upper limit), the signal is transmitted to the terminal operation platform 15, which then sends a signal to close the first solenoid valve 2, followed by the closure of the third solenoid valve 7 and the opening of the second solenoid valve 6. The Marshall bottle then begins to supply water normally, and the terminal operation platform 15 begins to record the time and the water level in the bottle.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, the terminal operating platform 15 and the host 37 are electrically connected to the mobile terminal 38.

[0036] Specifically, the mobile terminal 38 can operate both the terminal operating platform 15 and the host 37 simultaneously.

[0037] like Figure 2 As shown, a soil sampler structure is connected to the outside of the main body 16 of the measuring bucket. The soil sampler structure includes a square caliper 39. A circular hollow handle 40 is connected to the outside of the square caliper 39. A soil sampling outer ring 41 and a soil sampling inner ring 42 are connected inside the circular hollow handle 40. The soil sampling inner ring 42 is movably connected inside the soil sampling outer ring 41. A control line 43 is provided on the outside of the circular hollow handle 40.

[0038] Specifically, the square caliper 39 is horizontally clamped onto the measuring barrel body 16, with the edge of the square caliper 39 tightly against the side wall of the measuring barrel body 16. Then, the outer soil sampling ring 41 is inserted into the soil along the circular hollow handle 40, and the inner soil sampling ring 42 is inserted in the same way. When the inner soil sampling ring 42 and the outer soil sampling ring 41 are clamped to the control line 43, the outer soil sampling ring 41 remains stationary. The inner soil sampling ring 42 with soil is then removed. If the soil is relatively dry, multiple samplings can be performed. After removing the soil to be tested, the prepared soil is backfilled with a rod. After backfilling is completed, the outer soil sampling ring 41 is removed, and the square caliper 39 is removed. This completes one soil sampling.

[0039] Working principle:

[0040] Select the monitoring area and determine the groundwater level. Remove soil from the original location, remove excess stones, and fill the soil in sequence according to the burial depth of the clay head 21, the three-in-one probe 20, and the two-in-one probe 22. After the soil is filled, test the equipment, water it and let it stand. Check whether there is any leakage at the bottom of the main body 16 of the measuring tank and whether the soil solution extraction is normal. After the soil forms a stable structure, monitoring can be carried out.

[0041] Specifically, after the crops are planted, the lower and upper limits of the water level are set through the terminal operation platform 15, and the online Marshall bottle automatic water supply system is started. Every once in a while, the water level stored in the terminal operation platform 15 and the soil moisture, temperature and salinity data stored in the host 37 are exported, which can be converted into water replenishment and water, salt and heat transport can be observed.

[0042] To extract soil solution, first assemble the vacuum bottle 29 by installing the stopper 25 on the triangular bottle and placing the triangular bottle on the compartment of the vertical shelf 30. Then connect the clay head 21 to the vacuum bottle 29 through the water-conducting silicone tube 27. Connect the vacuum bottle 29 to the vacuum tube 34 through the connecting fitting 32 and the venting tube 33. Open the gas stop clamp 31 and close the water stop clamp 26 first. Start the vacuum pump 36. After the vacuum gauge 35 stabilizes at or below -0.09 Pa for 1-2 minutes, close the gas stop clamp 31 at one end of the vacuum bottle 29 and the gas stop clamp 31 at one end of the vacuum tube 34. For the surface soil, due to the low water content, close the gas stop clamps 31 of other soil layers and start the vacuum pump 36 to continuously extract the surface soil solution under negative pressure. If the surface soil has high moisture content, close both gas stop clamps 31 and extract the soil solution by the negative pressure in the vacuum bottle 29. If there is no water flowing from the clay head 21 below the water level, a slight negative pressure can be applied for extraction.

[0043] If soil samples are needed to determine specific soil elements, remove the soil solution extraction system and use a soil sampler. First, horizontally clamp the square caliper 39 onto the measuring barrel body 16, ensuring the edge of the square caliper 39 is flush against the side wall of the measuring barrel body 16. Then, insert the outer sampling ring 41 into the soil along the circular hollow handle 40. Next, insert the inner sampling ring 42 in the same way. When the inner sampling ring 42 and the outer sampling ring 41 are clamped to the control line 43, keep the outer sampling ring 41 still and remove the inner sampling ring 42 with soil attached. If the soil is dry, multiple samples can be taken consecutively. After removing the soil to be tested, backfill with the prepared soil using a probe. After backfilling, remove the outer sampling ring 41 and remove the square caliper 39. This completes one soil sampling.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] Based on the GSPAC system observation, waterlogging and salinity damage are prevented and controlled. In areas with shallow groundwater depth (southern my country), the water replenishment of soil and crops by high groundwater levels is observed to guide farmland irrigation and prevent waterlogging and salinity damage to crops. The specific method involves backfilling the main body of the measuring bucket (16) with the original soil. Before observation, the online Marshall bottle automatic water supply system and the online soil parameter monitoring structure are activated to predict the transformation of soil moisture in the groundwater-soil-crop three-system.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] Used for monitoring fertilizer nutrient levels in farmland, serving agricultural production and guiding nutrient input in farmland. Based on the principle of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium balance in farmland, it detects the destination of nutrient elements in semi-arid and arid regions such as North China and Northwest China, including their distribution, migration, and transformation characteristics in groundwater, soil, and crops.

[0048] Example 3

[0049] Used for monitoring environmental pollutants and assessing the pollution risks of agricultural and industrial activities to groundwater and soil. Focusing on the groundwater-soil-plant model, it monitors the accumulation of pollutants generated by agricultural and industrial activities in soil and groundwater in the field, evaluating the impact of unreasonable agricultural practices, such as excessive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, as well as the impact of polluting industries on the surrounding groundwater and soil environment.

[0050] Example 4

[0051] Used for ecological restoration and green vegetation recovery. In arid regions, it monitors soil water and salt transport and the accumulation of rainwater in the soil after natural precipitation, serving as a tool for drought and desertification control and vegetation restoration.

[0052] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An online monitoring system for water and solute in a groundwater-soil-crop continuum, characterized in that, The system includes a measuring barrel subsystem and an online Marshall bottle automatic water supply system. The measuring barrel subsystem includes a measuring barrel body (16), on which multiple soil sampling holes (17) are sequentially opened. A drainage hole (24) is opened at the bottom of the measuring barrel body (16). A water-stop clamp (26) for controlling the opening and closing is connected to the outside of the drainage hole (24). A water replenishment hole (19) is provided at the bottom of the measuring barrel body (16). A filter layer (18) is connected to the top of the water replenishment hole (19). A water supply pipe (13) is connected to one side of the measuring barrel body (16). The other end of the water supply pipe (13) is connected to the Marshall bottle automatic water supply system. A soil parameter online monitoring structure and a soil solution extraction structure are connected to one side of the measuring barrel subsystem.

2. The online monitoring system for moisture and solutes in a groundwater-soil-crop continuum according to claim 1, characterized in that, The online soil parameter monitoring structure includes multiple three-in-one probes (20) and clay heads (21). The three-in-one probes (20) and clay heads (21) are located inside the main body of the measuring bucket (16). A two-in-one probe (22) is also connected inside the main body of the measuring bucket (16). The three-in-one probes (20), two-in-one probes (22) and clay heads (21) are connected in parallel and connected to the host (37) through the main line (28).

3. The online monitoring system for water and solute in a groundwater-soil-crop continuum according to claim 2, characterized in that, The soil solution extraction structure includes a vacuum bottle (29), a vacuum tube (34), a vacuum gauge (35), and a vacuum pump (36). Each clay head (21) is connected to a water-permeable silicone tube (27) on one side, and the other end of the water-permeable silicone tube (27) is connected to a vacuum bottle (29). A connecting fitting (32) is connected to the top of the vacuum bottle (29), and a venting tube (33) is connected to one side of the connecting fitting (32). A gas stop clamp (31) for controlling the opening and closing of the gas is connected to the venting tube (33). One end of the venting tube (33) is connected to the vacuum tube (34), and the other end of the vacuum tube (34) is connected to the vacuum pump (36). A vacuum gauge (35) is connected between the vacuum pump (36) and the vacuum tube (34). A bottle stopper (25) is connected to the top of the vacuum bottle (29), and a rubber stopper (23) is connected between the bottle stopper (25) and the bottle mouth. A vertical shelf (30) is connected to the outside of the multiple vacuum bottles (29).

4. The online monitoring system for moisture and solutes in a groundwater-soil-crop continuum according to claim 3, characterized in that, The online Marshall bottle automatic water supply system includes a water float (9) and a water level balancer (5). One end of the water supply pipe (13) is connected to the bottle body (12). A second solenoid valve (6) is connected to the outer side of the end of the water supply pipe (13) near the bottle body (12). A scale bar (11) is provided on the outer side of the bottle body (12). The water float (9), the bottle guide rod (10), and the water level balancer (5) are connected inside the bottle body (12). The top of the water level balancer (5) is connected to a rubber stopper (23). A water inlet pipe (1) is connected to one side of the outer wall of the bottle body (12). A first solenoid valve (2) is connected to the water inlet pipe (1). A vent hole (8) is fixedly connected to the top of the bottle body (12). A third solenoid valve (7) is connected to the vent hole (8). The first solenoid valve (2), the second solenoid valve (6), and the third solenoid valve (7) are all connected to a terminal operation platform (15) through a wire (14).

5. The online monitoring system for water and solute in a groundwater-soil-crop continuum according to claim 4, characterized in that, The bottle body (12) is connected to a bracket (3) and a base (4) on one side.

6. The online monitoring system for moisture and solutes in a groundwater-soil-crop continuum according to claim 4, characterized in that, The terminal operating platform (15) and the host (37) are electrically connected to a mobile terminal (38).

7. The online monitoring system for water and solute in a groundwater-soil-crop continuum according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer side of the measuring bucket body (16) is connected to a soil sampling device structure, which includes a square caliper (39). The outer side of the square caliper (39) is connected to a circular hollow handle (40). The circular hollow handle (40) is connected to an outer soil sampling ring (41) and an inner soil sampling ring (42). The inner soil sampling ring (42) is movably connected inside the outer soil sampling ring (41). A control line (43) is provided on the outer side of the circular hollow handle (40).

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