A high and low temperature impact test system for retired batteries

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of high-low temperature impact test systems of decommissioned battery, comprising: test box, integrated airtight test cavity is provided in test box;Ultra-wide temperature control system, including independent refrigeration module and independent heating module, independent refrigeration module is communicated with integrated airtight test cavity, integrated airtight test cavity refrigeration can be made, independent heating module is communicated with integrated airtight test cavity, integrated airtight test cavity heating can be made;Fire module, fire module includes fire storage tank, fire extinguishing agent is filled in fire storage tank, fire storage tank is communicated with integrated airtight test cavity.The utility model can solve the security risk when testing, improve detection efficiency and accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of new energy battery safety testing technology, and specifically relates to a high and low temperature impact testing system for retired batteries. Background Technology

[0002] The primary prerequisite for the reuse of retired batteries is safety and reliability, and high and low temperature environmental testing is a key verification step. Retired batteries have varying degrees of aging and large internal state dispersion, resulting in significant differences in performance compared to new batteries under extreme temperatures. Low-temperature environments may cause a surge in internal resistance, a sharp drop in capacity, and even the precipitation of lithium dendrites. High-temperature environments accelerate internal side reactions, leading to thermal runaway.

[0003] By conducting high and low temperature charge-discharge cycles, storage, and safety boundary tests, the performance degradation patterns, thermal runaway thresholds, and consistency differences of batteries under extreme temperatures can be accurately identified, providing data support for safety screening and thermal management strategies. The lack of this step will lead to system failure and serious safety hazards.

[0004] However, the existing technology has the following drawbacks: (1) The risk of extreme temperature change is prominent: In rapid temperature change testing, battery materials are prone to micro-cracks and electrode detachment due to thermal expansion and contraction, which can lead to micro-short circuits; the superimposed conditions of overcharging and needle penetration can easily cause fires; during the low temperature recovery stage, damaged batteries may suddenly run away from thermal control during charging. (2) The performance defects of existing equipment: thermal runaway protection is "lagging response and incomplete coverage", and safety protection is insufficient in extreme tests. The test cycle is long and the efficiency is low, which cannot meet the needs of batch testing of large-scale retired batteries. The temperature range coverage is narrow and cannot meet the needs of new batteries. Performance evaluation relies on long-term charge and discharge cycles, which is inefficient and inaccurate. Utility Model Content

[0005] This invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this invention proposes a high and low temperature shock testing system for retired batteries, which can resolve safety hazards during testing and improve testing efficiency and accuracy.

[0006] A high and low temperature impact testing system for retired batteries according to this utility model includes: a test chamber, wherein an integrated airtight test cavity is provided inside the test chamber; an ultra-wide temperature control system, including an independent cooling module and an independent heating module, wherein the independent cooling module is connected to the integrated airtight test cavity and can cool the integrated airtight test cavity, and the independent heating module is connected to the integrated airtight test cavity and can heat the integrated airtight test cavity; and a fire-fighting module, wherein the fire-fighting module includes a fire-fighting storage tank, wherein the fire-fighting storage tank is filled with fire extinguishing agent and is connected to the integrated airtight test cavity.

[0007] According to some embodiments of this utility model, it also includes a digital twin control module, including a fiber Bragg grating sensor disposed in the test chamber. The fiber Bragg grating sensor can collect test data in the test chamber in real time, thereby classifying the battery health status.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the digital twin control module further includes an in-situ interface analysis module disposed on the test chamber, the in-situ interface analysis module including an integrated micro-area infrared spectrometer and a confocal Raman probe.

[0009] According to some embodiments of this utility model, it also includes a refrigeration box and a heating box. The independent refrigeration module and the fire-fighting module are disposed in the refrigeration box. A partition is provided in the refrigeration box to isolate the independent refrigeration module and the fire-fighting module. The independent heating module is disposed in the heating box. The two side walls of the test box are magnetically connected to one side wall of the refrigeration box and the heating box, respectively.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the independent refrigeration module includes a two-stage compression refrigeration unit disposed in the refrigeration box, and a first conduit is disposed between the refrigeration box and the test box.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the independent heating module includes a PTC ceramic heater disposed in the heating chamber, and a second conduit is disposed between the heating chamber and the test chamber.

[0012] According to some embodiments of this utility model, the fire-fighting storage tank is pre-filled with perfluorohexanone extinguishing agent.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the ultra-wide temperature control system further includes a liquid nitrogen direct injection auxiliary rapid cooling unit, which includes a liquid nitrogen tank and is connected to the integrated airtightness test chamber.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the ultra-wide temperature control system further includes a fuzzy PID adaptive controller for tracking nonlinear temperature trajectories and eliminating the inertial lag of the refrigeration system through feedforward compensation, with a lag time ≤ 5 seconds.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the ultra-wide temperature control system further includes a turbine air transmission device, which is capable of transmitting air to the integrated airtight test chamber.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the turbine air transmission device is disposed on the second duct.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a battery support tray is provided inside the integrated airtight test chamber, and a metal pipe array is embedded in the battery support tray, and the metal pipe array is filled with a refrigerant.

[0018] According to some embodiments of this utility model, the refrigerant is a composite refrigerant of R134a and nano-aluminum powder.

[0019] According to some embodiments of this utility model, a battery bracket is provided inside the integrated airtight testing chamber, and a metal probe is embedded in the battery bracket. One end of the metal probe inside the integrated airtight testing chamber is sealed with a temperature-sensitive material, and the other end of the metal probe is connected to a CO2 storage tank. The melting point of the temperature-sensitive material is 150-160°C. When the temperature-sensitive material is melted, an opening is formed at one end of the metal probe inside the integrated airtight testing chamber.

[0020] According to some embodiments of this utility model, the digital twin control module is equipped with an LSTM-RNN prediction algorithm, which can predict the lithium plating critical point and capacity decay curve of the battery under different temperature change rates, with a prediction error ≤3.5%.

[0021] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the fire-fighting module further includes a solid-aerosol composite fire extinguishing system connected to the integrated airtightness test chamber. The solid-aerosol composite fire extinguishing system includes a storage tank filled with Al(OH)3 powder coated with nano-SiO2.

[0022] A high and low temperature shock testing system for retired batteries according to an embodiment of the present invention has at least the following technical effects:

[0023] 1. When using this testing system, the retired battery to be tested is placed in the integrated airtight testing chamber. The independent cooling and heating modules of the ultra-wide temperature control system cool and heat the integrated airtight testing chamber respectively, so that the temperature range is covered by a large range. When the retired battery in the integrated airtight testing chamber experiences thermal runaway, the fire extinguishing agent in the fire storage tank is sprayed to extinguish the fire in the integrated airtight testing chamber, ensuring safety during the test and eliminating potential safety hazards during the test.

[0024] 2. Fiber Bragg grating sensors can accurately collect data on battery surface temperature distribution, deformation stress, and gas composition at a sampling frequency of 1000Hz, thereby enabling real-time data acquisition during the testing process and improving detection efficiency and accuracy.

[0025] 3. The integrated micro-area infrared spectrometer and confocal Raman probe can be used to monitor lithium dendrite growth at the solid electrolyte / electrode interface in real time at -40℃, with a spatial resolution ≥1μm.

[0026] 4. The heating chamber, testing chamber, and cooling chamber are connected by magnetic attraction, making them easy to disassemble and assemble.

[0027] 5. The cooling power of the two-stage compression refrigeration unit is ≥500W. The cold air generated by the two-stage compression refrigeration unit enters the integrated airtight test chamber of the test box through the first duct, so that the independent refrigeration module can provide a low temperature environment ranging from -70℃ to room temperature to the integrated airtight test chamber.

[0028] 6. The heating power of the PTC ceramic heater is ≥1000W. The hot gas generated by the PTC ceramic heater enters the integrated airtight test chamber of the test box through the second conduit, so that the independent heating module can provide a high temperature environment ranging from room temperature to 150℃ to the integrated airtight test chamber.

[0029] 7. The liquid nitrogen direct injection auxiliary rapid cooling unit can work with the independent cooling module to cool the integrated airtight test chamber, enabling it to cool down rapidly.

[0030] 8. The metal pipe network is filled with refrigerant. When the local temperature of the decommissioned battery rises sharply, the refrigerant can boil rapidly, which can improve the thermal conductivity of the metal pipe network, quickly dissipate local hot spots, and prevent thermal runaway.

[0031] 9. When thermal runaway occurs in a retired battery, the temperature-sensing material at one end of the metal probe, which is located in the integrated airtight test chamber, melts, and supercritical CO2 is directly injected into the battery cell, achieving rapid cooling "from the inside out" and interrupting the chain reaction.

[0032] 10. The test chamber is made of alloy material with a pressure resistance rating of ≥2MPa, which gives the test chamber high pressure resistance and can isolate external interference. Attached Figure Description

[0033] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this utility model will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0036] Figure label:

[0037] 100. Test chamber; 101. Integrated airtight test chamber; 102. Battery support tray; 103. Metal pipe array; 104. Metal probe; 105. CO2 storage tank;

[0038] 201. Independent refrigeration module; 202. Independent heating module; 203. Two-stage compression refrigeration unit; 204. PTC ceramic heater; 205. Liquid nitrogen direct injection assisted rapid cooling unit; 206. Liquid nitrogen tank; 207. Fuzzy PID adaptive controller; 208. Turbine air transmission device; 209. Refrigeration box; 210. Heating box; 211. Baffle; 212. First duct; 213. Second duct;

[0039] 300. Firefighting module; 301. Firefighting storage tank; 303. Storage tank;

[0040] 402. Fiber Bragg grating sensor; 403. In-situ interface analysis module; 404. Integrated micro-area infrared spectrometer; 405. Confocal Raman probe; Detailed Implementation

[0041] The embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this utility model, and should not be construed as limiting this utility model.

[0042] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the directional descriptions, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., indicate the directional or positional relationship based on the directional or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0043] In the description of this utility model, "several" means one or more, "multiple" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. If "first" or "second" is used in the description, it is only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0044] In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as "setting," "installation," and "connection" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0045] The following is for reference. Figures 1 to 2 This invention describes a high and low temperature shock testing system for retired batteries according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, a high and low temperature impact testing system for retired batteries according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a test chamber 100, an ultra-wide temperature control system, and a fire-fighting module 300; the test chamber 100 is provided with an integrated airtight test chamber 101; the ultra-wide temperature control system includes an independent cooling module 201 and an independent heating module 202, the independent cooling module 201 is connected to the integrated airtight test chamber 101 and can cool the integrated airtight test chamber 101, and the independent heating module 202 is connected to the integrated airtight test chamber 101 and can heat the integrated airtight test chamber 101; the fire-fighting module 300 includes a fire-fighting storage tank 301, which is filled with fire extinguishing agent, and the fire-fighting storage tank 301 is connected to the integrated airtight test chamber 101 through a fire-fighting pipe. When in use, the retired battery to be tested is placed in the integrated airtight test chamber 101. The independent cooling module 201 and independent heating module 202 of the ultra-wide temperature control system cool and heat the integrated airtight test chamber 101 respectively, so that the temperature range is covered by a large range. When the retired battery in the integrated airtight test chamber 101 experiences thermal runaway, the fire extinguishing agent in the fire storage tank 301 is sprayed to extinguish the fire in the integrated airtight test chamber 101, ensuring safety during the test and eliminating potential safety hazards.

[0047] In some specific embodiments of this utility model, the digital twin control module includes a fiber Bragg grating sensor 402 disposed within the test chamber 100. The fiber Bragg grating sensor 402 can acquire test data within the test chamber 100 in real time, thereby classifying the battery health status. The fiber Bragg grating sensor 402 can acquire battery surface temperature distribution, deformation stress, and gas composition with high precision at a sampling frequency of 1000Hz, thereby acquiring data in real time during the testing process and improving detection efficiency and accuracy.

[0048] In some specific embodiments of this utility model, the digital twin control module further includes an in-situ interface analysis module 403 disposed on the test chamber 100. The in-situ interface analysis module 403 includes an integrated micro-area infrared spectrometer 404 and a confocal Raman probe 405. The integrated micro-area infrared spectrometer 404 and the confocal Raman probe 405 can work together to monitor the lithium dendrite growth at the solid electrolyte / electrode interface in real time at -40℃, with a spatial resolution ≥1μm.

[0049] In some specific embodiments of this utility model, a cooling box 209 and a heating box 210 are also included. An independent cooling module 201 and a fire-fighting module 300 are disposed within the cooling box 209. A partition 211 is provided inside the cooling box 209 to isolate the independent cooling module 201 and the fire-fighting module 300. An independent heating module 202 is disposed within the heating box 210. The two side walls of the test chamber 100 are magnetically connected to one side wall of the cooling box 209 and the heating box 210, respectively. The heating box 210, the test chamber 100, and the cooling box 209 are magnetically connected, facilitating disassembly and assembly.

[0050] In some specific embodiments of this utility model, the test chamber 100 is made of high-strength alloy material, and the pressure resistance rating of the test chamber 100 is ≥2MPa. This gives the test chamber 100 high pressure resistance and the ability to isolate external interference.

[0051] In some specific embodiments of this utility model, the independent refrigeration module 201 includes a two-stage compression refrigeration unit 203 disposed in a refrigeration chamber 209, and a first conduit 212 is disposed between the refrigeration chamber 209 and the test chamber 100. The refrigeration power of the two-stage compression refrigeration unit 203 is ≥500W. The cold air generated by the two-stage compression refrigeration unit 203 enters the integrated airtight test chamber 101 of the test chamber 100 through the first conduit 212, so that the independent refrigeration module 201 can provide a low temperature environment ranging from -70℃ to room temperature to the integrated airtight test chamber 101.

[0052] In some specific embodiments of this utility model, the independent heating module 202 includes a PTC ceramic heater 204 disposed in the heating chamber 210, and a second conduit 213 is disposed between the heating chamber 210 and the test chamber 100. The heating power of the PTC ceramic heater 204 is ≥1000W, and the hot gas generated by the PTC ceramic heater 204 enters the integrated airtight test chamber 101 of the test chamber 100 through the second conduit 213, so that the independent heating module 202 can provide a high temperature environment ranging from room temperature to 150°C to the integrated airtight test chamber 101.

[0053] In some specific embodiments of this utility model, the fire-fighting storage tank 301 is pre-filled with perfluorohexanone extinguishing agent. An infrared flame sensor is also installed in the integrated airtightness test chamber 101. When the infrared flame sensor detects a flame signal, it triggers the spraying of perfluorohexanone extinguishing agent.

[0054] In some specific embodiments of this utility model, the ultra-wide temperature control system further includes a liquid nitrogen direct injection auxiliary rapid cooling unit 205. The liquid nitrogen direct injection auxiliary rapid cooling unit 205 includes a liquid nitrogen tank 206, which is connected to the integrated airtightness test chamber 101. The liquid nitrogen direct injection auxiliary rapid cooling unit 205 can cooperate with the independent cooling module 201 to cool the integrated airtightness test chamber 101, thereby rapidly reducing its temperature.

[0055] In some specific embodiments of this utility model, the ultra-wide temperature control system also includes a fuzzy PID adaptive controller 207, which is used to realize nonlinear temperature trajectory tracking and eliminate the inertial lag of the refrigeration system through feedforward compensation, with a lag time ≤ 5 seconds.

[0056] In some specific embodiments of this utility model, the ultra-wide temperature control system also includes a turbine air transmission device 208, which can transmit air to the integrated airtight test chamber 101.

[0057] In some specific embodiments of this utility model, the turbine air transmission device 208 is disposed on the second duct 213, which can accelerate the transmission of hot air generated by the PTC ceramic heater 204 to the integrated airtight test chamber 101 and shorten the heating time.

[0058] In some specific embodiments of this utility model, a battery support tray 102 is provided inside the integrated airtight test chamber 101, and a metal pipe array 103 is embedded in the battery support tray 102. The metal pipe array 103 is filled with a refrigerant. When the local temperature of the decommissioned battery rises sharply, the refrigerant can boil rapidly, increasing the thermal conductivity of the metal pipe array, quickly dissipating local hot spots, and preventing thermal runaway.

[0059] In some specific embodiments of this utility model, the refrigerant is a composite refrigerant of R134a and nano-aluminum powder.

[0060] In some specific embodiments of this utility model, a battery bracket is provided inside the integrated airtightness testing chamber 101, and a metal probe 104 is embedded in the battery bracket. One end of the metal probe 104 inside the integrated airtightness testing chamber 101 is sealed with a temperature-sensitive material, and the other end of the metal probe 104 is connected to a CO2 storage tank 105. The melting point of the temperature-sensitive material is 150-160℃. When the temperature-sensitive material is melted, an opening is formed at the end of the metal probe 104 inside the integrated airtightness testing chamber 101. When thermal runaway occurs in a decommissioned battery, the temperature-sensitive material melts, and supercritical CO2 directly enters the battery cell, achieving rapid cooling "from the inside out" and interrupting the chain reaction.

[0061] In some specific embodiments of this utility model, the digital twin control module is equipped with an LSTM-RNN prediction algorithm, which can predict the lithium plating critical point and capacity decay curve of the battery under different temperature change rates, with a prediction error of ≤3.5%.

[0062] In some specific embodiments of this utility model, the fire protection module 300 also includes a solid-aerosol composite fire extinguishing system connected to the integrated airtightness test chamber 101. The solid-aerosol composite fire extinguishing system includes a storage tank 303, which is filled with Al(OH)3 powder coated with nano-SiO2.

[0063] In some specific embodiments of this utility model, the test chamber 100 is made of alloy material. The test chamber 100 is made of alloy material with a pressure resistance rating of ≥2MPa, which gives the test chamber 100 high pressure resistance and the ability to isolate external interference.

[0064] In operation, the retired battery to be tested is placed on the battery support tray 102 within the integrated airtight test chamber 101. The integrated airtight test chamber 101 is cooled and heated by the independent cooling module 201 and independent heating module 205 of the ultra-wide temperature control system, respectively, to evaluate the retired battery. During cooling, the temperature in the integrated airtight test chamber 101 is lowered to -70°C, and during heating, the temperature is raised to 150°C. During cooling, liquid nitrogen can be injected into the integrated airtight test chamber 101 from the liquid nitrogen tank 206 in the liquid nitrogen direct injection auxiliary rapid cooling unit 205 to shorten the cooling time. A fuzzy PID adaptive controller 207 is used to achieve nonlinear temperature trajectory tracking, and feedforward compensation is used to eliminate the inertial lag of the cooling system. During heating, a turbine air transmission device 208 can be used to accelerate the transfer of hot air generated by the PTC ceramic heater 204 into the integrated airtight test chamber 101, shortening the heating time.

[0065] During the testing process, the retired battery uses a fiber optic grating sensor 402 to collect data on the battery surface temperature distribution, deformation stress, and gas composition, thereby acquiring data in real time. An integrated micro-area infrared spectrometer 404 and a confocal Raman probe 405 are used to monitor the growth of lithium dendrites at the solid electrolyte / electrode interface in real time. The LSTM-RNN prediction algorithm in the digital twin control module is used to predict the lithium plating critical point and capacity decay curve of the battery at different temperature change rates, thereby monitoring the retired battery during the testing process and obtaining the battery health of the retired battery.

[0066] During the test, when the local temperature of the retired battery rises sharply, the refrigerant in the metal pipe array 103 will boil rapidly, increasing the thermal conductivity of the metal pipe array and quickly dissipating the local hot spot to prevent thermal runaway. When thermal runaway of the retired battery occurs and the temperature in the integrated airtight test chamber 101 exceeds 150°C, the temperature-sensing material at one end of the metal probe 104 in the integrated airtight test chamber 101 will melt, and the CO2 in the CO2 storage tank 105 will directly penetrate the battery cell. At the same time, when the infrared flame sensor detects the flame signal, it will trigger the fire storage tank 301 in the fire-fighting module 300 to spray perfluorohexanone extinguishing agent into the integrated airtight test chamber 101 to achieve the effect of rapid fire extinguishing.

Claims

1. A high and low temperature shock testing system for retired batteries, characterized in that, include: Test chamber (100), wherein an integrated airtight test chamber (101) is provided inside the test chamber (100); The ultra-wide temperature control system includes an independent cooling module (201) and an independent heating module (202). The independent cooling module (201) is connected to the integrated airtight test chamber (101) and can cool the integrated airtight test chamber (101). The independent heating module (202) is connected to the integrated airtight test chamber (101) and can heat the integrated airtight test chamber (101). Fire protection module (300), the fire protection module (300) includes a fire storage tank (301), the fire storage tank (301) is filled with fire extinguishing agent, and the fire storage tank (301) is connected to the integrated airtightness test chamber (101).

2. The high and low temperature shock testing system for retired batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a refrigeration box (209) and a heating box (210). The independent refrigeration module (201) and the fire-fighting module (300) are installed in the refrigeration box (209). A partition (211) is installed in the refrigeration box (209) to isolate the independent refrigeration module (201) and the fire-fighting module (300). The independent heating module (202) is installed in the heating box (210). The two side walls of the test box (100) are magnetically connected to one side wall of the refrigeration box (209) and the heating box (210), respectively.

3. The high and low temperature shock testing system for retired batteries according to claim 2, characterized in that: The independent refrigeration module (201) includes a two-stage compression refrigeration unit (203) installed in the refrigeration box (209), and a first conduit (212) is provided between the refrigeration box (209) and the test box (100).

4. The high and low temperature shock testing system for retired batteries according to claim 2, characterized in that: The independent heating module (202) includes a PTC ceramic heater (204) disposed in the heating box (210), and a second conduit (213) is disposed between the heating box (210) and the test box (100).

5. The high and low temperature shock testing system for retired batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fire-fighting storage tank (301) is pre-filled with perfluorohexanone extinguishing agent.

6. The high and low temperature shock testing system for retired batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultra-wide temperature control system also includes a liquid nitrogen direct injection auxiliary rapid cooling unit (205), which includes a liquid nitrogen tank (206) and is connected to the integrated airtightness test chamber (101).

7. The high and low temperature shock testing system for retired batteries according to claim 4, characterized in that: The ultra-wide temperature control system also includes a turbine air transmission device (208), which can transmit air to the integrated airtight test chamber (101).

8. The high and low temperature shock testing system for retired batteries according to claim 7, characterized in that: The turbine air transmission device (208) is mounted on the second duct (213).

9. The high and low temperature shock testing system for retired batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The integrated airtight test chamber (101) is provided with a battery support tray (102), the battery support tray (102) is embedded with a metal pipe array (103), and the metal pipe array (103) is filled with a refrigerant.

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