tipping bucket rain gauge

Abstract

The application relates to a tipping bucket rain gauge, which comprises a protective cylinder, a tipping bucket swing measuring assembly, a dry reed, a magnet, a shell support and an electrical unit shell. A rain inlet is formed in the top of the protective cylinder for rainwater to flow in. A rain outlet is formed in the bottom of the protective cylinder for rainwater to flow out. The tipping bucket swing measuring assembly comprises a water filling bucket, a mounting frame, a tipping bucket and two water collectors. The water filling bucket is arranged at the top of the mounting frame. The tipping bucket is swingably arranged at the inner side of the mounting frame and directly below the water filling bucket. The two water collectors are arranged below the two water outlets of the tipping bucket respectively. A partition plate is arranged at the center of the inner side of the tipping bucket, and the magnet is arranged on the partition plate. The dry reed is arranged on the mounting frame and opposite to the central axis of the tipping bucket. The shell support is arranged beside the tipping bucket swing measuring assembly, and the electrical unit shell is arranged on the side wall of the shell support and at the side of the shell support away from the tipping bucket swing measuring assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of rain gauges, and more particularly to a tipping bucket rain gauge. Background Technology

[0002] The tipping bucket rain gauge is currently one of the most widely used automatic measuring instruments for measuring rainfall intensity and cumulative rainfall. Its core principle is to use the alternating tumbling of a mechanical bucket to count rainfall. A small magnet is installed near the rotating shaft of the tipping bucket, and a reed switch (a type of magnetic switch) is installed at a corresponding position on the support. When the bucket tipps, the magnet approaches the reed switch, causing its contacts to close once, generating an electrical pulse signal. The PCB inside the tipping bucket rain gauge converts the mechanical tipping action into a digital signal that can be recorded and transmitted, and can calculate the cumulative rainfall based on a preset "rainfall per pulse". Therefore, the PCB is the "brain" and "nerve center" of the entire rain gauge and must be thoroughly protected. Since rainwater can flow into the tipping bucket rain gauge, it is essential to ensure effective isolation between the PCB board and the rainwater to prevent rainwater from contaminating the PCB board and affecting the normal measurement of the rain gauge. Therefore, this application proposes a tipping bucket rain gauge with effective protection for its PCB board to ensure long-term stable operation of the rain gauge in harsh outdoor environments. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, this application proposes a tipping bucket rain gauge.

[0004] According to one aspect of this application, a tipping bucket rain gauge is provided, characterized in that it includes: a protective cylinder, a tipping bucket swing measuring component, a reed switch, a magnet, a housing support, and an electrical unit housing; The top of the protective cylinder has an inlet for rainwater to flow in; the bottom of the protective cylinder has an outlet for rainwater to flow out. The tipping bucket swing measuring component, reed switch, magnet, housing bracket and electrical unit housing are all located inside the cavity of the protective cylinder; The tipping bucket swing measuring assembly includes: a water inlet bucket, a mounting frame, a tipping bucket, and two water collectors; the water inlet bucket is located on top of the mounting frame with its large opening facing the rain inlet at the top of the protective cylinder to collect rainwater, and its small opening facing the tipping bucket; the tipping bucket is swingably located inside the mounting frame and directly below the water inlet bucket, and the two water collectors are respectively located below the two water outlets of the tipping bucket to collect rainwater flowing down from the tipping bucket; A partition plate is provided at the center of the inner side of the tipping bucket. A magnet is placed on the partition plate and can swing with the tipping bucket. A reed switch is placed on the mounting bracket and is opposite to the central axis of the tipping bucket so that the reed switch will be attracted and disengaged each time the magnet passes over it. The housing support is located inside the cavity of the protective cylinder and next to the tipping bucket swing measuring component. The electrical unit housing is installed on the side wall of the housing support and is located on the side of the housing support away from the tipping bucket swing measuring component. The cavity of the electrical unit housing is suitable for installing the PCB board and battery.

[0005] In one possible implementation, the reed switch is mounted on the side wall of a mounting bracket via a connector, and the mounting bracket has a through hole for the reed switch to pass through.

[0006] In one possible implementation, the top of the water collector has an opening for rainwater to flow in, and the plane of the opening is inclined at an angle to the horizontal plane, and the bottom of the water collector has an outlet pipe.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the protective cylinder includes: a rainwater collection hopper, a base, and an outer cylinder; The rainwater collection hopper and the base are located at the upper and lower ends of the outer cylinder, respectively, and the outer cylinder is fitted with the rainwater collection hopper and the base. The housing support and the tipping bucket swing measuring component are arranged adjacent to each other above the base; The large opening end of the rainwater collection hopper faces upward to collect rainwater, while the small opening end of the rainwater collection hopper is opposite to the water injection hopper. The rain outlet is located on the base.

[0008] In one possible implementation, a lifting frame is provided on the top surface of the base, and the housing support and the tipping bucket swing measuring component are arranged adjacent to each other on the top surface of the lifting frame.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the lifting frame includes a support plate and a plurality of support bolts, the support plate being mounted on the top surface of the base by the plurality of support bolts.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the electrical unit housing includes: a housing and an end cap, the housing having a cavity with an open end, and the end cap being fastened to the open end of the housing and detachably connected to the housing.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the housing support has side flanges protruding from both sides of the side facing the tipping bucket swing measuring assembly.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the main body of the housing has a cuboid structure; the inner wall of the housing has a protruding PCB board mounting platform, which is suitable for fixing the PCB board.

[0013] Beneficial Effects: The protective casing, as the outermost structure, forms a robust physical barrier, effectively preventing dust and other external pollutants from directly intruding into the electrical unit's housing, ensuring a dry and clean working environment for the PCB board. The electrical unit's housing completely isolates the PCB board from the tipping bucket's oscillation measurement components. The housing itself is designed as a sealed structure, significantly reducing the risk of short circuits, corrosion, or component failure caused by moisture, condensation, or accidental water splashes on the PCB board. Furthermore, mounting the electrical unit on the side wall of the bracket, away from the tipping bucket's movement area, optimizes the internal space layout, allowing for smoother rainwater flow.

[0014] Other features and aspects of this application will become clear from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The accompanying drawings, which are included in and form part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of this application together with the specification and serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0016] Figure 1 This diagram shows the main structure of the tipping bucket rain gauge according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 A partial structural diagram of a tipping bucket rain gauge according to an embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 3 A partial structural diagram of a tipping bucket rain gauge according to an embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 4 An exploded view of the tipping bucket rain gauge according to an embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 5 A partial structural diagram of a tipping bucket rain gauge according to an embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 6 This diagram shows the main structure of the housing support according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This diagram shows the main structural features of the housing according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 8 This diagram shows the main structural structure of the end cap according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 The circuit diagram of the main control chip on the PCB board of this application embodiment is shown; Figure 10 This illustration shows a partial circuit diagram on a PCB board according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 11 This illustration shows a partial circuit diagram on a PCB board according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 12 This illustration shows a partial circuit diagram on a PCB board according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 13A circuit diagram of a current-limiting switch on a PCB board according to an embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 14 The circuit diagram of the digital shield chip J6 on the PCB board of this application embodiment is shown; Figure 15 This invention relates to a circuit diagram of a wireless communication module on a PCB board according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 16 This paper shows a circuit diagram of a buzzer on a PCB board according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 17 A circuit diagram of a crystal oscillator circuit on a PCB board according to an embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 18 This illustration shows a partial circuit diagram on a PCB board according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 19 The circuit diagram of the debugging circuit on the PCB board is shown. Figure 20 A circuit diagram of a MINI USB insertion detection circuit on a PCB board according to an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 21 A circuit diagram of a battery voltage detection circuit on a PCB board according to an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 22 An installation diagram of a battery according to an embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 23 This diagram shows the mounting of a PCB board according to an embodiment of this application.

[0017] Rainwater collection hopper 110, base 130, outer cylinder 120, water inlet hopper 200, mounting bracket 300, tipping bucket 400, partition plate 420, auxiliary mounting parts 430, rotating shaft 440, water collector 500, reed switch 800, connector 810, magnet 410, housing bracket 600, electrical unit housing 700, housing 770, end cap 750, PCB board 900, battery 910. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Various exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote elements that have the same or similar functions. Although various aspects of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, they are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated otherwise.

[0019] It should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model or simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0020] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0021] The term “exemplary” as used herein means “serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration.” Any embodiment illustrated herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as superior to or better than other embodiments.

[0022] Furthermore, to better illustrate this utility model, numerous specific details are provided in the following detailed embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model can be implemented even without certain specific details. In some instances, methods, means, components, and circuits well-known to those skilled in the art have not been described in detail, in order to highlight the main points of this utility model.

[0023] Figure 1 This diagram shows the main structure of the tipping bucket rain gauge according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 A partial structural diagram of a tipping bucket rain gauge according to an embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 3 A partial structural diagram of a tipping bucket rain gauge according to an embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 4 An exploded view of the tipping bucket rain gauge according to an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 1As shown, this tipping bucket rain gauge includes: a protective cylinder, a tipping bucket swing measuring assembly, a reed switch 800, a magnet 410, a housing support 600, and an electrical unit housing 700; the top of the protective cylinder has a rain inlet for rainwater to flow in; the bottom of the protective cylinder has a rain outlet for rainwater to flow out; the tipping bucket swing measuring assembly, the reed switch 800, the magnet 410, the housing support 600, and the electrical unit housing 700 are all disposed inside the cavity of the protective cylinder; the tipping bucket swing measuring assembly includes: a water inlet 200, a mounting frame 300, a tipping bucket 400, and two water collectors 500; the water inlet 200 is disposed on top of the mounting frame 300 with its large opening facing the rain inlet at the top of the protective cylinder to collect rainwater, and its small opening facing the tipping bucket 400; the tipping bucket 400 is swingably disposed inside the mounting frame 300 and located at the water inlet 200. Directly below, two water collectors 500 are respectively set below the two water outlets of the tipping bucket 400 to collect rainwater flowing down from the tipping bucket 400; a partition plate 420 is provided at the center of the inner side of the tipping bucket 400, and a magnet 410 is set on the partition plate 420 and can swing with the tipping bucket 400; a reed switch 800 is set on the mounting bracket 300 and is opposite to the central axis of the tipping bucket 400, so that the reed switch 800 will be attracted and disengaged once each time the magnet 410 passes over the reed switch 800; the housing bracket 600 is set inside the cavity of the protective cylinder and is located next to the tipping bucket swing measuring component; the electrical unit housing 700 is installed on the side wall of the housing bracket 600 and is located on the side of the housing bracket 600 away from the tipping bucket swing measuring component; the cavity of the electrical unit housing 700 is suitable for installing the PCB board 900 and the battery 910.

[0024] It should be noted that the protective sleeve is used to provide installation space and isolation protection for the internal tipping bucket swing measuring component, reed switch 800, magnet 410, housing bracket 600, and electrical unit housing 700 to improve the working stability of the equipment. The water inlet 200 of the tipping bucket swing measuring component is used to collect rainwater and introduce it into the tipping bucket 400. The partition plate 420 in the middle of the tipping bucket 400 divides the interior of the tipping bucket 400 into two spaces. When one space is filled with enough water, the tipping bucket 400 will tilt due to gravity, pouring the rainwater into the water collector 500 below it. At the same time, the other end of the tipping bucket 400 will tilt up and continue to collect rainwater. After filling with enough water, the tipping bucket 400 will tilt and flip again due to gravity, pouring the rainwater into the other water collector 500. Under the continuous swaying action of the tipping bucket 400, rainwater is diverted into two water collectors 500. During the tipping and swaying process, the tipping bucket 400 drives the partition plate 420 and the magnet 410 to swing together. The mounting bracket 300 is suitable for providing a mounting base for the tipping bucket 400 and the reed switch 800. A reed switch 800 is fixed on the mounting bracket 300 at a position parallel to the central axis of the tipping bucket 400. Each time the magnet 410 passes over the reed switch 800, it will cause the reed switch 800 to engage once and then disengage. The main control chip U6 on the PCB board 900 of this application can calculate the rainfall by collecting the number of times the reed switch 800 engages. The housing bracket 600 securely mounts the electrical unit housing 700 inside the protective cylinder cavity. The PCB board 900 and battery 910 are both installed inside the electrical unit housing 700 cavity. The housing 700 isolates and protects the internal electronic components, preventing rainwater from contacting the PCB board 900. The spatial isolation design completely prevents contact between the PCB board 900 and the tipping bucket swing measurement components, eliminating the risk of moisture penetration and contaminant accumulation. The optimized layout makes the rainwater flow channel more efficient, preventing water accumulation from affecting measurement accuracy. Simultaneously, the design of the electrical unit housing 700 greatly simplifies the maintenance process, allowing operators to easily inspect the PCB board 900, replace the battery 910, or calibrate parameters without interfering with the core tipping bucket mechanism, saving maintenance time and costs. Furthermore, this design enhances the long-term stability of the equipment in harsh outdoor environments (such as heavy rain, dust storms, or extreme temperatures), extending the lifespan of the rain gauge and ensuring the continuity, reliability, and accuracy of precipitation data acquisition.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the mounting bracket 300 has a through hole for the reed switch 800 to pass through, and the reed switch 800 is mounted on the side wall of the mounting bracket 300 via a connector 810. Figure 5As shown, the main body of the mounting bracket 300 is a rectangular frame structure. The top surface of the mounting bracket 300 has a mounting hole for the water inlet 200 to pass through. A rotating shaft 440 is located in the middle of the mounting bracket 300, passing through both sides of the mounting bracket 300 and rotatably connected to it. The tipping bucket 400 is located inside the mounting bracket 300, and its bottom center is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 440, allowing the tipping bucket 400 to rotate around the rotating shaft 440. A mounting hole for mounting a reed switch 800 is provided on the side of the mounting bracket 300 closest to the electrical unit housing 700.

[0026] like Figure 5 As shown, the main body of the connector 810 is an L-shaped plate structure. One side of the connector 810 is fixedly connected to the side of the mounting bracket 300 facing the housing support 600, and the other side of the connector 810 is fixedly connected to the reed switch 800, with the reed switch 800 inserted into the mounting hole of the mounting bracket 300.

[0027] Furthermore, limiting rings 441 are fixedly provided at both ends of the rotating shaft 440, and the mounting bracket 300 is located inside the two limiting rings. Under the action of the two limiting rings, the rotating shaft 440 is mounted on the mounting bracket 300 to prevent the rotating shaft 440 from detaching from the mounting bracket 300.

[0028] In one possible implementation, the tipping bucket 400 has a partition plate 420 in the middle. The main body of the partition plate 420 is a semi-circular plate structure. A magnet 410 is installed on the top surface of the partition plate 420. The magnet 410 can be fixed to the top surface of the partition plate 420 by adhesive or welding.

[0029] In one possible implementation, it further includes: an auxiliary mounting component 430, which is fixed to the top surface of the partition plate 420 and fixedly connected to the partition plate 420; the end of the auxiliary mounting component 430 is fixedly connected to the magnet 410. Since the partition plate 420 is relatively thin, the auxiliary mounting component 430 is specially provided to reinforce the magnet 410 in order to improve the installation stability of the magnet 410.

[0030] Furthermore, the tipping bucket 400, the partition plate 420, and the auxiliary mounting parts 430 are all made of 304 stainless steel.

[0031] Furthermore, the model of the reed switch 800 can be MRS12-1A-1-B-3; the reed switch 800 is electrically connected to the PCB board 900 inside the electrical unit housing 700 via a 2-core wire.

[0032] In one possible implementation, the top of the water collector 500 has an opening for rainwater to flow in, and the plane of the opening has an inclined angle, with the opening surfaces of the two water collectors 500 facing each other. For example... Figure 2As shown, the main body of the water collector 500 is a cylindrical tank-like structure. Its top opening is elliptical and sloped towards the tipping bucket 400, which facilitates the collection of rainwater and prevents rainwater from splashing out. The bottom of the water collector 500 is equipped with a water outlet pipe, which is connected to the inside of the water collector 500 cavity, allowing rainwater to flow out of the water collector 500 through the water outlet pipe.

[0033] In one possible implementation, the protective cylinder includes: a rainwater collection hopper 110, a base 130, and an outer cylinder 120; the rainwater collection hopper 110 and the base 130 are located at the upper and lower ends of the outer cylinder 120, respectively, and the outer cylinder 120 is fitted with the rainwater collection hopper 110 and the base 130; a housing support 600 is arranged adjacent to the tipping bucket swing measuring component above the base 130; the large opening end of the rainwater collection hopper 110 faces upward to collect rainwater, and the small opening end of the rainwater collection hopper 110 is opposite to the water injection hopper 200; a rain outlet is formed on the base 130, namely a through hole 133. It should be noted that the rainwater collection hopper 110 is used to introduce external rainwater into the water injection hopper 200, ensuring both a sealed interior and accurate flow of rainwater into the water injection hopper 200. The base 130 is used to provide stable support for the tipping bucket swing measuring component.

[0034] In one possible implementation, a lifting frame is provided on the top surface of the base 130, and the housing support 600 is disposed adjacent to the tipping bucket swing measuring assembly on the top surface of the lifting frame. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the lifting frame includes a support plate 140 and multiple support bolts 150. The support plate 140 is mounted on the top surface of the base 130 by three support bolts 150. The main body of the support plate 140 is a triangular plate structure. The three support bolts 150 are all located at the bottom of the support plate 140 and are vertically arranged between the base 130 and the support plate 140. The support bolts 150 are threadedly connected to nuts at the bottom of the support plate 140, and the bottom end of the support bolts 150 penetrates the base 130 and is threadedly connected to nuts 151 above the base 130. Under the action of the two nuts, the support plate 140 is horizontally and stably mounted above the base 130.

[0035] In one possible implementation, the main body of the base 130 is a disc-shaped shell structure with the opening facing downwards. The bottom of the base 130 is provided with three support legs 131. The main body of the support legs 131 is an L-shaped folded plate structure. One side of the support leg 131 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the base 130, and the other side of the support leg 131 is provided with bolt holes 132 for fixing to the installation position by bolt connection, thereby installing the entire structure in the corresponding position.

[0036] Furthermore, there are three support legs 131 in total.

[0037] In one possible implementation, the base 130 has a through hole 133 through which a water supply pipe passes, and the water outlet pipes at the bottom of the two water collectors 500 extend outward through the through hole 133 to discharge rainwater from the protective cylinder; the base 130 also has a drain hole 134 for the accumulated water to flow out, thereby ensuring that the rainwater collected inside the protective cylinder can flow out to the outside from the drain hole 134.

[0038] In one possible implementation, the outer cylinder 120 has a cylindrical structure, with a rainwater collection hopper 110 and a base 130 respectively fitted at both ends of the outer cylinder 120. Figure 1 As shown, the outer wall of the rainwater collection hopper 110 has screw holes, and the outer wall of the outer cylinder 120 also has screw holes. The rainwater collection hopper 110 is inserted into the top of the protective cylinder. Furthermore, the top outer wall of the rainwater collection hopper 110 has an annular protrusion 111. When the rainwater collection hopper 110 is installed on the outer cylinder 120, the annular protrusion 111 engages with the top of the outer cylinder 120, thus stably installing the rainwater collection hopper 110 on the top of the outer cylinder 120. This ensures that rainwater will not seep into the interior of the outer cylinder 120. The rainwater collection hopper 110 and the outer cylinder 120 are fixedly connected by multiple screws. Figure 5 As shown, the base 130 has screw holes on its side wall and the outer cylinder 120 also has screw holes on its outer wall. The base 130 is embedded into the bottom of the outer cylinder 120. The bottom edge diameter of the base 130 is larger than the diameter of the outer cylinder 120, so that the outer cylinder 120 can be placed on the edge of the base 130 to ensure that the legs of the base 130 can be exposed. The base 130 and the outer cylinder 120 are fixedly connected by multiple screws 121.

[0039] In one possible implementation, the housing support 600 has flanges 620 protruding from both sides of the side facing the tipping bucket swing measuring assembly. For example... Figure 6 As shown, the main body of the housing bracket 600 is plate-shaped. The bottom of the housing bracket 600 is provided with two connecting parts 610. The connecting parts 610 are rectangular plate-shaped structures. The plane of the connecting parts 610 is perpendicular to the plane of the housing bracket 600. The two connecting parts 610 are placed on the support plate 140 and fixedly connected to the support plate 140 by the support bolts 150. Bolt holes are provided at all four corners of the housing bracket 600. The electrical unit housing 700 is fixed to the housing bracket 600 by bolt connection, thereby firmly installing the electrical unit housing 700 inside the protective cylinder and maintaining a certain distance from the water flow to prevent rainwater from entering the interior of the electrical unit housing 700, effectively isolating and protecting the PCB board 900 and the battery 910.

[0040] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 4As shown, the electrical unit housing 700 includes a housing 770 and an end cap 750. The housing 770 has a cavity with one open end, and the end cap 750 is fastened to the open end of the housing 770. Furthermore, the housing 770 has two bolt holes 730 at positions corresponding to the bolt holes on the housing bracket 600, and the housing 770 and the housing bracket 600 are suitable for fixed connection by bolts.

[0041] A sealing protrusion 720 is provided on the edge of the housing 770 facing the end cap 750, and a sealing groove 760 is provided on the edge of the end cap 750 facing the housing 770. When the end cap 750 is fastened onto the housing 770, the sealing protrusion 720 is embedded in the sealing groove 760, thereby improving the sealing performance between the end cap 750 and the housing 770. A soft sealing ring can be placed in the sealing groove 760 to further improve the sealing capability. The end cap 750 and the housing 770 are fastened together with four screws, which greatly facilitates subsequent maintenance operations such as inspection, replacement or calibration of the PCB board 900 or battery 910 without disassembling or interfering with the core tipping measuring mechanism.

[0042] In one possible implementation, the main body of the electrical unit housing 700 is a cuboid structure, and the length direction of the electrical unit housing 700 is parallel to the length direction of the outer cylinder 120. This can reduce the manufacturing difficulty, facilitate installation and construction, and maximize space utilization.

[0043] Furthermore, such as Figure 7 As shown, PCB board mounting platforms 710 protrude from both ends of the cavity of the housing 770. The PCB board 900 is disposed inside the housing 770 and its two ends are fixedly connected to the PCB board mounting platforms 710 by multiple screws 960. The PCB board mounting platforms 710 improve the placement stability of the PCB board 900 inside the housing 770 and make room for electronic components on both sides of the PCB board 900. The battery 910 is placed inside the cavity of the housing 770, next to the PCB board 900 and close to the end cover 750. The outer side wall of the battery 910 is fixed to the inner side wall of the housing 770 by adhesive bonding, preferably using double-sided tape and then fixing with a small amount of glue, to improve the installation stability of the battery 910 and prevent the battery 910 from being loosely installed and interfering with the normal operation of the PCB board 900. Preferably, foam can be placed between the battery 910 and the PCB board 900 for cushioning and isolation. The side wall of the housing 770 is provided with three antenna interfaces 970, which are suitable for connecting a 4G antenna 920, a Beidou positioning antenna 930 and a Lora antenna 940 respectively.

[0044] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 4As shown, this application is also equipped with a 4G antenna 920, which is suitable for realizing long-distance signal transmission; furthermore, the model of the 4G antenna 920 is 3G4G5G-GSM-NB.

[0045] In one possible implementation, this application also includes a BeiDou positioning antenna 930, which is suitable for implementing positioning functions; furthermore, the BeiDou positioning antenna 930 is model 1575.42MHz-12DBI.

[0046] In one possible implementation, this application also includes a Lora antenna 940, suitable for local short-range signal transmission; furthermore, the Lora antenna 940 is a 433MHz 12DBI antenna.

[0047] In one possible implementation, it also includes: a PCB board 900; and a reed switch 800 electrically connected to the main control chip U6 on the PCB board 900. For example... Figures 9 to 21 The diagram shown is a circuit diagram of the PCB board 900 of this application. The PCB board 900 integrates multiple electronic components required by this application to realize various functions of rainfall measurement and communication with external devices. Furthermore, the main control chip U6 is an STM32U575RGT6.

[0048] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 10 As shown, PCB board 900 has a load switch U3 and an interface P1. The load switch U3 is model TPS22950CQDDCRQ1. Pin 1 of load switch U3 is electrically connected to pin 59 of the main control chip U6. Pin 2 (VIN) of load switch U3 is connected to the VBAT voltage of battery 910. Pin 3 of load switch U3 is grounded. Pin 6 (FLT) of load switch U3 is connected to the VBAT voltage of battery 910 through resistor R14. Pin 4 (IMIL) of load switch U3 is grounded. Pin 5 (VOUT) of load switch U3 outputs the voltage required for the Lora module to operate. Pin 3 of interface P1 is electrically connected to pin 14 of the main control chip U6, and pin 4 of interface P1 is electrically connected to pin 15 of the main control chip U6. The Lora module is connected to the PCB board 900 and transmits signals through interface P1. The main control chip U6 supplies power to the Lora module by controlling the load switch U3. The Lora module has a Lora antenna interface, and the external Lora antenna 940 is connected to the Lora module through the Lora antenna interface.

[0049] In one possible implementation, a rain gauge switch circuit is provided on the PCB board 900, such as... Figure 11As shown, the rain gauge switch circuit includes: interface P2, electrostatic discharge and surge protection D5, and Schottky diode D4; pin 1 of interface P2 is electrically connected to the input terminal of Schottky diode D4, the output terminal of Schottky diode D4 is electrically connected to pin 38 of the main control chip U6, one terminal of electrostatic discharge and surge protection D5 is connected to the input terminal of Schottky diode D4, and the other terminal of electrostatic discharge and surge protection D5 is grounded; one terminal of capacitor C22 is electrically connected to the circuit between Schottky diode D4 and main control chip U6, and the other terminal of capacitor C22 is grounded; one terminal of capacitor C18 is electrically connected to the circuit between Schottky diode D4 and main control chip U6, and the other terminal of capacitor C18 is grounded; one end of resistor R16 is electrically connected to the circuit between Schottky diode D4 and main control chip U6, and the other end of resistor R16 is connected to VCC_3.0V voltage. Here, it should be noted that pin 38 of the main control chip U6 is connected to interface P2. One end of the connector cable is connected to interface P2, and the other end, the female connector, is fixed to the electrical unit housing 700 and connected to the male connector 950 of the reed switch 800. The reed switch 800 is normally open; at this time, pins 1 and 2 of interface P2 are open, and the WAKE_UP network (i.e., pin 38 of the main control chip U6) detects a high-level signal. When the magnet 410 passes over the reed switch 800, the reed switch 800 is closed (the closing time is approximately 100ms, after which it remains open). At this time, pins 1 and 2 of interface P2 are short-circuited, and the WAKE_UP network (i.e., pin 38 of the main control chip U6) detects a low-level signal. The main control chip U6 can determine the number of times the rain gauge tipps by counting the number of low-level signals. Setting one tipping as 0.2mm of rainfall, the rainfall can be calculated based on the number of tippings.

[0050] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 12 As shown, a DC 3.6V to 3.0V circuit is integrated on PCB board 900. The voltage conversion chip U4 in this circuit is model TPS70930DBVR. Pins 3 and 4 of interface P3 are electrically connected to the output terminal of battery 910. Pin 1 (VIN terminal) of voltage conversion chip U4 is connected to the voltage to be converted, VBAT, output from battery 910, through interface P3. Pin 2 of voltage conversion chip U4 is grounded, and pin 5 (VOUT terminal) of voltage conversion chip U4 outputs VCC_3.0V voltage. One terminal of capacitor C20 is electrically connected to pin 5 (VOUT terminal) of voltage conversion chip U4, and the other terminal of capacitor C20 is grounded. One terminal of capacitor C21 is electrically connected to pin 5 (VOUT terminal) of voltage conversion chip U4, and the other terminal of capacitor C21 is grounded. One terminal of capacitor C19 is electrically connected to pin 1 (VIN terminal) of voltage conversion chip U4, and the other terminal of capacitor C19 is grounded.

[0051] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 13 As shown, PCB board 900 has a current limiting switch U8; the model of current limiting switch U8 is MT9700; pin 1 (VOUT terminal) of current limiting switch U8 outputs V_3.0_JM; pin 2 (GND terminal) of current limiting switch U8 is grounded; pin 3 (SET terminal) of current limiting switch U8 is grounded through resistor R31; pin 5 (VIN terminal) of current limiting switch U8 is connected to VCC_3.0V; pin 4 (EN terminal) of current limiting switch U8 is electrically connected to pin 33 of the main control chip U6. Current limiting switch U8 is a reserved circuit.

[0052] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 14 As shown, a data shield chip J6 is provided on the PCB board 900. Pin 1 (WAKE terminal) of the data shield chip J6 is electrically connected to pin 35 of the main control chip U6, pin 3 (RX terminal) of the data shield chip J6 is electrically connected to pin 16 of the main control chip U6, pin 4 (TX terminal) of the data shield chip J6 is electrically connected to pin 17 of the main control chip U6, and pin 6 (IN terminal) of the data shield chip J6 is electrically connected to pin 34 of the main control chip U6.

[0053] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 15 As shown, pin 1 (ON terminal) of current limiting switch U1 is electrically connected to pin 58 of main control chip U6, pin 2 (VIN terminal) of current limiting switch U1 is connected to battery voltage VBAT; pin 5 (VOUT terminal) of current limiting switch outputs 4G_PWR; current limiting switch U1 is the power supply switch for 4G module.

[0054] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 15 As shown, a wireless communication module U2, model air780eg, is mounted on PCB board 900. Pin 11 of the wireless communication module U2 is electrically connected to pin C7 of CARD1; pin 12 of the wireless communication module U2 is electrically connected to pin C2 of CARD1; pin 13 of the wireless communication module U2 is electrically connected to pin C3 of CARD1; and pin 14 of the wireless communication module U2 is electrically connected to pin C1 of CARD1. Pin 16 of the wireless communication module U2 is electrically connected to the base of transistor Q1. A resistor R4 and an LED D1 are connected in series to the collector of transistor Q1, and the emitter of transistor Q1 is grounded. Pin 25 of the wireless communication module U2 is electrically connected to the base of transistor Q2. A resistor R6 and an LED D2 are connected in series to the collector of transistor Q2, and the emitter of transistor Q2 is grounded.

[0055] The PCB board 900 is equipped with an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit. Furthermore, such as... Figure 15As shown, pin 14 of wireless communication module U2 is electrically connected to pin 5 of ESD chip D3, pin 13 of wireless communication module U2 is electrically connected to pin 6 of ESD chip D3, pin 12 of wireless communication module U2 is electrically connected to pin 3 of ESD chip D3, and pin 11 of wireless communication module U2 is electrically connected to pin 1 of ESD chip D3.

[0056] Pin 17 of wireless communication module U2 is electrically connected to the collector of transistor Q4, the emitter of transistor Q4 is electrically connected to pin 42 of main control chip U6, and the base of transistor Q4 is connected to VDD_EXT through resistor R13. Pin 18 of wireless communication module U2 is electrically connected to the emitter of transistor Q3, the base of transistor Q3 is electrically connected to pin 43 of main control chip U6, and the base of transistor Q3 is connected to VDD_EXT through resistor R10. Pin 2 of wireless communication module U2 is electrically connected to pin 3 of Beidou antenna interface J1, and pin 35 of wireless communication module U2 is electrically connected to pin 3 of 4G antenna interface J3.

[0057] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 16 As shown, it also includes: a buzzer B1, with pin 1 of buzzer B1 connected to VBAT voltage, pin 2 of buzzer B1 electrically connected to the collector of transistor Q5, the base of transistor Q5 electrically connected to pin 39 of the main control chip U6, and the emitter of transistor Q5 grounded. One terminal of capacitor C24 is electrically connected to pin 1 of buzzer B1, and the other terminal of capacitor C24 is grounded. The anode of diode D6 is electrically connected to pin 1 of buzzer B1, the cathode of diode D6 is connected to VBAT voltage, the cathode of diode D7 is electrically connected to pin 1 of buzzer B1, and the anode of diode D7 is electrically connected to pin 2 of buzzer B1. Buzzer B1 is for debugging feedback; after the equipment is sealed, the indicator light cannot be seen, but the operating status of the equipment can be judged by the sound of buzzer B1.

[0058] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 17 As shown, PCB board 900 has crystal oscillators Y1 and Y2. Pin 1 of crystal oscillator Y1 is electrically connected to pin 4 of main control chip U6, and pin 2 of crystal oscillator Y1 is electrically connected to pin 3 of main control chip U6. One terminal of capacitor C27 is electrically connected to pin 2 of crystal oscillator Y1, and the other terminal of capacitor C27 is grounded; one terminal of capacitor C26 is electrically connected to pin 1 of crystal oscillator Y1, and the other terminal of capacitor C26 is grounded. Pin 1 of crystal oscillator Y2 is electrically connected to pin 5 of main control chip U6, and pin 2 of crystal oscillator Y2 is electrically connected to pin 6 of main control chip U6. One terminal of capacitor C28 is electrically connected to pin 1 of crystal oscillator Y2, and the other terminal of capacitor C28 is grounded; one terminal of capacitor C29 is electrically connected to pin 2 of crystal oscillator Y2, and the other terminal of capacitor C29 is grounded. The two ends of resistor R21 are electrically connected to the two terminals of crystal oscillator Y2 respectively.

[0059] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 18 As shown, a reset circuit is provided on PCB board 900. One end of resistor R22 is connected to VCC 3.0V, and the other end of resistor R22 is electrically connected to pin 7 of the main control chip U6.

[0060] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 18 As shown, a filter circuit is provided on PCB board 900. The filter circuit includes capacitors C31, C30, C32, C33, C34, and C35 connected in parallel in sequence. One terminal of each of capacitors C31, C30, C32, C33, C34, and C35 is electrically connected to the output terminal of the DC 3.6V to 3.0V circuit, and the other terminal of each of capacitors C31, C30, C32, C33, C34, and C35 is grounded.

[0061] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 19 As shown, a MINI USB J3 is mounted on PCB board 900. Pin 1 of the MINI USB J3 is connected to 5V. Pins 2 and 4 of the MINI USB J3 are electrically connected. Pin 4 (RXD terminal) of the MINI USB J3 is electrically connected to pin 5 of the programming interface J4. Pin 3 of the MINI USB J3 is electrically connected to pin 6 of the programming interface J4. Pin 2 of the programming interface J4 is electrically connected to pin 46 of the main control chip U6. Pin 3 of the programming interface J4 is electrically connected to pin 49 of the main control chip U6. The MINI USB J3 performs device debugging on the main control chip U6 through the programming interface J4.

[0062] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 20 As shown, PCB board 900 has a MINI USB insertion detection circuit; it is used to detect whether a debug cable is inserted for device debugging. One end of resistor R23 is connected to USB_5V, and the other end of resistor R23 is electrically connected to pin 29 of the main control chip U6. One end of resistor R24 ​​is electrically connected to resistor R23, and the other end of resistor R24 ​​is grounded. One terminal of capacitor C37 is electrically connected to resistor R23, and the other terminal of capacitor C37 is grounded.

[0063] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 21 As shown, a battery voltage detection circuit is provided on PCB board 900. One end of resistor R26 is electrically connected to interface P3 to access VBAT, and the other end of resistor R26 is electrically connected to pin 8 of main control chip U6. One end of resistor R27 is electrically connected to resistor R26, and the other end of resistor R27 is grounded. Capacitor C39 is connected in parallel with resistor R27.

[0064] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 9 As shown, a memory chip U7 (model: W25Q64) is integrated on PCB board 900. Pin 1 (CS terminal) of memory chip U7 is electrically connected to pin 54 of the main control chip U6; pin 2 (DO terminal) of memory chip U7 is electrically connected to pin 56 of the main control chip U6; pin 5 (DI terminal) of memory chip U7 is electrically connected to pin 57 of the main control chip U6; pin 6 (CLK terminal) of memory chip U7 is electrically connected to pin 55 of the main control chip U6; pin 4 of memory chip U7 is grounded; and pin 8 of memory chip U7 is connected to a 3.0V voltage. The main function of memory chip U7 is to store some useful data during the operation of the device, such as rainfall data and device status.

[0065] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 9 As shown, pin 3 of the backup interface J5 is electrically connected to pin 20 of the main control chip U6; pin 4 of the backup interface J5 is electrically connected to pin 21 of the main control chip U6; pin 5 of the backup interface J5 is electrically connected to pin 22 of the main control chip U6; and pin 6 of the backup interface J5 is electrically connected to pin 23 of the main control chip U6.

[0066] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 9 As shown, pin 6 of the non-volatile memory U5 is electrically connected to pin 61 of the main control chip U6, and pin 5 of the non-volatile memory U5 is electrically connected to pin 62 of the main control chip U6. Their main function is to control key parameters for the operation of the storage device.

[0067] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 9 As shown, it also includes an indicator light circuit; the indicator light circuit includes: a light-emitting diode D8 and a resistor R25; the negative terminal of the light-emitting diode D8 is grounded, the positive terminal of the light-emitting diode D8 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor R25, and the other end of the resistor R25 is electrically connected to pin 52 of the main control chip U6. The light-emitting diode D8 is an indicator light for the device's operating status. It is on the circuit board and does not need to be displayed externally; it is used for debugging the device program.

[0068] The various embodiments of the present invention have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical applications, or improvements to the technology in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A tipping bucket rain gauge, characterized in that, include: Protective cylinder, tipping bucket swing measuring component, reed switch, magnet, housing bracket, electrical unit housing; The top of the protective cylinder has an inlet for rainwater to flow in; the bottom of the protective cylinder has an outlet for rainwater to flow out. The tipping bucket swing measuring component, the reed switch, the magnet, the housing bracket, and the electrical unit housing are all disposed inside the cavity of the protective cylinder; The tipping bucket swing measuring assembly includes: a water injection bucket, a mounting frame, a tipping bucket, and two water collectors; the water injection bucket is located on top of the mounting frame with its large opening facing the rain inlet at the top of the protective cylinder to collect rainwater, and its small opening facing the tipping bucket; the tipping bucket is swingably located inside the mounting frame and directly below the water injection bucket, and the two water collectors are respectively located below the two water outlets of the tipping bucket to collect rainwater flowing down from the tipping bucket; The tipping bucket has a partition plate at its inner center, and the magnet is mounted on the partition plate and can swing with the tipping bucket; the reed switch is mounted on the mounting bracket and is opposite to the central axis of the tipping bucket, so that the reed switch will be attracted and disengaged once each time the magnet passes over the reed switch; The housing support is disposed inside the cavity of the protective cylinder and located beside the tipping bucket swing measuring component. The electrical unit housing is mounted on the side wall of the housing support and located on the side of the housing support away from the tipping bucket swing measuring component. The cavity of the electrical unit housing is suitable for installing a PCB board and a battery.

2. The tipping bucket rain gauge according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reed switch is mounted on the side wall of the mounting bracket via a connector, and the mounting bracket has a through hole for the reed switch to pass through.

3. The tipping bucket rain gauge according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the water collector has an opening for rainwater to flow in, and the plane of the opening is inclined at an angle to the horizontal plane. The bottom of the water collector has a water outlet pipe.

4. The tipping bucket rain gauge according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protective cylinder includes: a rainwater collection hopper, a base, and an outer cylinder; The rainwater collection bucket and the base are located at the upper and lower ends of the outer cylinder, respectively, and the outer cylinder is fitted with the rainwater collection bucket and the base; The housing support is disposed adjacent to the tipping bucket swing measuring component above the base; The large opening end of the rainwater collection hopper faces upward to collect rainwater, and the small opening end of the rainwater collection hopper is opposite to the water injection hopper. The rain outlet is located on the base.

5. The tipping bucket rain gauge according to claim 4, characterized in that, The top surface of the base is provided with a lifting frame, and the housing support is arranged adjacent to the tipping bucket swing measuring component on the top surface of the lifting frame.

6. The tipping bucket rain gauge according to claim 5, characterized in that, The lifting frame includes a support plate and a plurality of support bolts, wherein the support plate is mounted on the top surface of the base by the plurality of support bolts.

7. The tipping bucket rain gauge according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrical unit housing includes a housing and an end cap. The housing has a cavity with an opening at one end, and the end cap is fastened to the opening end of the housing.

8. The tipping bucket rain gauge according to claim 7, characterized in that, The housing support has protruding side flanges on both sides of the side facing the tipping bucket swing measuring component.

9. The tipping bucket rain gauge according to claim 7, characterized in that, The main body of the housing has a cuboid structure; the inner wall of the housing has a protruding PCB board mounting platform, which is suitable for fixing the PCB board.

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