Waveguide module and near-eye display system

Abstract

The application provides a waveguide module and a near-eye display system, and relates to the technical field of display, comprising a waveguide substrate, an entrance pupil region, two pupil expanding regions and two exit pupil regions are arranged on the waveguide substrate, the two pupil expanding regions are respectively located on the two sides of the entrance pupil region and are arranged away from the entrance pupil region along a first direction, the two exit pupil regions are respectively located on the two sides of the entrance pupil region and are arranged away from the entrance pupil region along the first direction, the two pupil expanding regions are arranged between the two exit pupil regions, and the projections of the two pupil expanding regions on the surface of the waveguide substrate partially overlap with the projections of the two exit pupil regions on the surface of the waveguide substrate. The pupil expanding region and the exit pupil region partially overlap in the waveguide substrate, the independent occupied area of the pupil expanding region near the axis in the waveguide substrate is reduced, the available blank area corresponding to the nose bridge position is significantly increased, the nose bridge of the user is not easily pressed when the user wears the device, the wearing comfort is improved, and the miniaturization, light weight and better structural integration of the waveguide system are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of display technology, specifically to a waveguide module and a near-eye display system. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR) technologies, near-eye display devices based on optical waveguides have gradually become the mainstream solution. Optical waveguide systems typically use the entrance pupil region (input coupler) to couple image light from the optomechanism into the waveguide, then various pupil expansion regions spread the light within the waveguide, and finally the exit pupil region (output coupler) guides the light to the human eye, achieving a large field of view, lightweight design, and transparent display. Especially in binocular displays, single-optical-mechanism binocular waveguides have become the mainstream development direction in recent years due to their advantages of sharing the same light source for both eyes and having a more compact structure.

[0003] Existing single-optical-mechanical binocular waveguides typically place the entrance pupil region near the central axis of the waveguide substrate, followed by a transition region for expanding the field of view and an exit pupil region for output. In a typical structure, the pupil expansion region is usually positioned longitudinally along the waveguide, extending vertically to achieve longitudinal field of view expansion. To ensure that the expanded light can cover the required field of view, the transition region must be able to receive all incident light rays from the entrance pupil region. Since the optomechanical light rays have a certain field of view angle, the range of angles of light rays incident into the waveguide is relatively large, necessitating that the transition region, when positioned longitudinally, needs to have sufficient area to accommodate all possible incident light paths. Therefore, the transition region used for pupil expansion in existing solutions is often quite large.

[0004] In a binocular waveguide structure, both the entrance pupil region and the pupil dilation region are located in the center of the waveguide, and the waveguide's central axis corresponds to the bridge of the nose. Due to the large area of ​​the transition region, its longitudinal portion occupies valuable space near the waveguide's central axis, resulting in very limited empty space at the bridge of the nose. When the waveguide device is mounted in an eyeglass frame, this space occupation in the pupil dilation region causes the waveguide to press against or compress the user's nose, significantly reducing wearing comfort and even affecting wearing stability and overall product experience.

[0005] Furthermore, in order to provide dilated light to both eyes separately in a binocular structure, existing structures often require the first transition region, the second transition region, and the exit pupil region to be sequentially unfolded, resulting in a "segmented" and "non-overlapping" structure for the overall grating layout. Since each region occupies a large area, this further exacerbates the congestion in the area near the bridge of the nose, making it difficult for the waveguide to ensure both wearing comfort and optical performance. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this application is to provide a waveguide module and a near-eye display system that can significantly increase the available blank area at the corresponding position of the bridge of the nose, thereby improving the comfort and experience of wearing it.

[0007] In one aspect of this application, a waveguide module is provided, including a waveguide substrate. An entrance pupil region, two expansion pupil regions, and two exit pupil regions are disposed on the waveguide substrate. The two expansion pupil regions are respectively located on both sides of the entrance pupil region and disposed away from the entrance pupil region along a first direction. The two exit pupil regions are respectively located on both sides of the entrance pupil region and disposed away from the entrance pupil region along the first direction. The two expansion pupil regions are disposed between the two exit pupil regions. The projections of the two expansion pupil regions on the surface of the waveguide substrate overlap with the projection portions of the two exit pupil regions on the surface of the waveguide substrate.

[0008] Optionally, the pupil dilation region overlaps with the pupil exit region to form an overlapping region, and the area of ​​the overlapping region accounts for 10% to 90% of the area of ​​the pupil dilation region.

[0009] Optionally, the two pupil expansion regions are distributed symmetrically or asymmetrically about the waveguide substrate along the central axis of the first direction.

[0010] Optionally, a transition region is further provided between the entrance pupil region and the expansion pupil region. The two transition regions are located on both sides of the entrance pupil region and are symmetrically or asymmetrically distributed about the waveguide substrate along the central axis of the first direction.

[0011] Optionally, all regions are provided with diffraction gratings, and the grating of the overlapping region formed by the overlap of the pupil expansion region and the exit pupil region is a two-dimensional grating. One direction of the two-dimensional grating is the same as the grating direction of the pupil expansion region, and the other direction is the same as the grating direction of the exit pupil region.

[0012] Optionally, the grating in the entrance pupil region is a one-dimensional grating or a two-dimensional grating.

[0013] Optionally, the pupil expansion region and the pupil exit region are located on the same surface of the waveguide substrate, or on two opposite surfaces of the waveguide substrate.

[0014] Optionally, the pupil dilation region is arranged parallel to the first direction or at an angle to the first direction.

[0015] Optionally, the entrance pupil region is located on the central axis of the waveguide substrate along the first direction, or is located close to the central axis.

[0016] In another aspect of this application, a near-eye display system is provided, comprising: an optical engine, and the aforementioned waveguide module disposed on the light-emitting side of the optical engine.

[0017] The waveguide module and near-eye display system provided in this application reduce the independent area occupied by the pupil expansion region near the central axis of the waveguide substrate by making the pupil expansion region and the exit pupil region at least partially overlap in the waveguide substrate, thereby reducing the compression of the middle region of the waveguide substrate by the pupil expansion region, releasing the space of the middle region, and thus significantly increasing the available blank area at the corresponding position of the bridge of the nose. This makes it less likely for the bridge of the nose to be compressed when the user wears the device, improving wearing comfort and experience, and achieving miniaturization, lightweighting and better structural integration of the waveguide system. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is one of the schematic diagrams of the waveguide module structure provided in this embodiment; Figure 2 This is the second schematic diagram of the waveguide module structure provided in this embodiment; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the side view structure; Figure 4 This is the third schematic diagram of the waveguide module structure provided in this embodiment; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overlapping region structure of the waveguide module provided in this embodiment; Figure 6 yes Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the side view structure; Figure 7 This is the fourth schematic diagram of the waveguide module structure provided in this embodiment.

[0020] Icons: 10-waveguide substrate; 11-entry pupil region; 12-dilation pupil region; 13-exit pupil region; 14-overlapping region; 15-turning region; F1-first direction; S-central axis. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "inner" and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product is in use. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] Existing binocular waveguide structures feature vertical pupil expansion. These waveguides are designed to match the interpupillary distance of the human eye; therefore, the distance between the centers of the left and right eye exit pupils on the waveguide is similar to the human interpupillary distance, typically set within the range of 60mm to 65mm. Optical waveguide AR glasses are designed to fit the human face, and a gap needs to be left between the left and right eye exit pupils so that the glasses lenses can be supported at the bridge of the nose.

[0024] Existing single-optical binocular waveguides typically require multiple pupil-expanding or turning regions to be sequentially set after the entrance pupil. These grating regions are mostly located near the waveguide's central axis, and their area is often quite large to accommodate light from the entire field of view. Especially in the case of a vertical pupil-expanding structure, where the distance between the centers of the left and right exit pupils is fixed, the vertical pupil-expanding structure significantly occupies the space corresponding to the bridge of the nose, leading to pressure and discomfort when wearing the device. Furthermore, the existing pupil-expanding and exit pupil areas are set independently and cannot share an area, making it difficult to further reduce the overall waveguide structure size.

[0025] In view of this, the present application provides a waveguide module that can reduce the area occupied by the grating near the central axis of the waveguide and increase the structural blank space in the bridge of the nose while ensuring the pupil dilation and pupil exit functions, thereby achieving miniaturization of the waveguide and improving wearing comfort.

[0026] Specifically, please refer to Figure 1 As shown, this application embodiment provides a waveguide module, including: a waveguide substrate 10, on which an entrance pupil region 11, two expanding pupil regions 12 and two exit pupil regions 13 are disposed. The two expanding pupil regions 12 are respectively located on both sides of the entrance pupil region 11 and are disposed away from the entrance pupil region 11 along a first direction F1. The two exit pupil regions 13 are respectively located on both sides of the entrance pupil region 11 and are disposed away from the entrance pupil region 11 along a first direction F1. The two expanding pupil regions 12 are disposed between the two exit pupil regions 13. The projections of the two expanding pupil regions 12 on the surface of the waveguide substrate 10 overlap with the projections of the two exit pupil regions 13 on the surface of the waveguide substrate 10.

[0027] The first direction F1 is Figure 1In the downward direction, the two pupil dilation areas 12 and the two pupil exit areas 13 are set away from the entrance pupil area 11 along the first direction F1, that is, the two pupil dilation areas 12 and the two pupil exit areas 13 are located in a position slightly below the entrance pupil area 11.

[0028] The overlapping portion of the pupil dilation region 12 and the exit pupil region 13 forms an overlapping region 14. For example, the area of ​​the overlapping region 14 accounts for 10% to 90% of the area of ​​the pupil dilation region 12.

[0029] The center distance between the two exit pupil areas 13 is similar to the interpupillary distance of the human eye, and the center distance is set in the range of 60mm to 65mm to suit the human face.

[0030] In addition, all of the above regions are provided with diffraction gratings. The pupil expansion region 12 and the exit pupil region 13 are both one-dimensional gratings. The grating of the overlapping region 14 formed in this way is a two-dimensional grating. One direction of the two-dimensional grating is the same as the grating direction of the pupil expansion region 12, and the other direction is the same as the grating direction of the exit pupil region 13.

[0031] This application achieves miniaturized integration of the pupil expansion function by setting an entrance pupil region 11, a pupil expansion region 12, and an exit pupil region 13 on a waveguide substrate 10, and ensuring that the pupil expansion region 12 and the exit pupil region 13 at least partially overlap spatially. Its core device structure and product implementation include the following: Waveguide substrate 10: Waveguide substrate 10 is a monolithic transparent optical substrate used to support the grating structure and realize multiple total internal reflection transmissions within the waveguide substrate 10. The central axis S of the waveguide substrate 10 corresponds to the position of the wearer's nose bridge, therefore the layout of the grating area has a direct impact on wearing comfort.

[0032] Implementation of the entrance pupil region 11: The waveguide substrate 10 has only one entrance pupil region 11 for coupling the image light output from the optomechanical system. The entrance pupil region 11 can be a two-dimensional diffraction grating or a one-dimensional grating; if it is a one-dimensional grating, additional turning regions 15 can be set on both sides of the entrance pupil to turn the light to the lower expanding pupil region 12, so that the light enters the waveguide substrate 10 at a suitable angle according to the optomechanical light output characteristics. After entering the waveguide substrate 10, the light can propagate to the left and right eye directions respectively according to different implementation methods.

[0033] In some implementations, the entrance pupil region 11 can directly couple light into the waveguide substrate 10 in two oblique downward directions, so that the light does not need to pass through the additional turning region 15 to form the left and right binocular pupil expansion path, thereby further reducing the area of ​​the independent pupil expansion structure.

[0034] The exit pupil region 13 is implemented as follows: The exit pupil region 13 is used to couple the dilated light from the waveguide substrate 10 and output it to the left and right eyes respectively. The exit pupil region 13 can adopt a two-dimensional grating or a one-dimensional grating structure as needed, and can be located on the same surface of the waveguide substrate 10 as the dilated pupil region 12, or on two opposite surfaces of the waveguide substrate 10 respectively.

[0035] The overlapping relationship between the pupil dilation region 12 and the exit pupil region 13: The pupil dilation region 12 and the exit pupil region 13 at least partially overlap to form an overlapping region 14, and the area of ​​the overlapping region 14 accounts for less than 90% of the total area of ​​the pupil dilation region 12.

[0036] The overlapping region 14 can be achieved in the following way: Overlapping on the same surface: The pupil expansion region 12 and the exit pupil region 13 are arranged overlapping on the same surface of the waveguide substrate 10, that is, the overlapping region 14 is a two-dimensional grating region; Upper and lower surfaces overlap: the pupil expansion region 12 is set on one side of the waveguide substrate 10, and the exit pupil region 13 is set on the opposite side of the waveguide substrate 10. The region sharing is achieved through the overlap of spatial positions, forming an equivalent overlapping region 14.

[0037] Product effect: By adopting the above structure, this application achieves efficient integration of pupil expansion and pupil exit functions, which not only reduces the overall area occupied by the waveguide substrate 10 grating, but also significantly improves the wearing comfort of the waveguide at the bridge of the nose, providing a key structural basis for realizing small-volume and lightweight AR / MR glasses.

[0038] The core principle of this application is that by making the pupil expansion region 12 and the exit pupil region 13 at least partially overlap in the waveguide substrate 10, the independent occupied area of ​​the pupil expansion region 12 near the central axis S of the waveguide substrate 10 is reduced, thereby significantly increasing the available blank area at the corresponding position of the bridge of the nose.

[0039] In existing technologies, the pupil dilation area and the exit pupil area are usually set separately, each occupying a fixed area. Because the pupil dilation area needs to accommodate the entire field of view light from the entrance pupil, its area is often large and located in the longitudinal region near the waveguide's central axis, thus compressing the space that can be reserved at the bridge of the nose. When worn, this position corresponds to the nose pad area of ​​the glasses; insufficient space causes the waveguide substrate to press against the bridge of the nose, resulting in a poor wearing experience.

[0040] Therefore, this application, through the spatial overlap design of the pupil dilation region 12 and the exit pupil region 13, enables the optical functions required for pupil dilation to be implemented in a portion of the area by a grating in the overlapping region 14 shared with the exit pupil region 13. The area of ​​the overlapping region 14 is between 10% and 90% of the area of ​​the pupil dilation region 12, eliminating the need for a completely independent arrangement of the pupil dilation region 12 and significantly reducing its occupied effective area. When the pupil dilation region 12 is tilted to the left or right and overlaps with the exit pupil region 13, as... Figure 2 As shown, the area indicated by the red arrow can be freed up with more blank space, eliminating the need for a large pupil expansion area 12.

[0041] In the optical path of this application, the image light output from the optomechanical system is coupled into the waveguide substrate 10 via the entrance pupil region 11; the dilated light enters the overlapping region 14, which overlaps with the exit pupil region 13, and is coupled out to the left and right eyes. Since some functions of the pupil dilation region 12 are performed in the overlapping region 14, the independent area of ​​the pupil dilation region 12 itself is significantly reduced, making the structural layout near the central axis S of the waveguide substrate 10 significantly more compact. Therefore, through the above-mentioned grating overlapping structure, the blank area that can be reserved at the corresponding position of the waveguide substrate 10 at the bridge of the nose can be effectively expanded, so that the bridge of the nose is less likely to be compressed when the user wears it, improving wearing comfort, and realizing the miniaturization, weight reduction and better structural integration of the waveguide system.

[0042] In Example 1, refer to Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment is an integrated single-optical-mechanical waveguide module structure based on the overlapping layout of the pupil expansion region 12 and the exit pupil region 13. An entrance pupil region 11, a pupil expansion region 12, an exit pupil region 13, and an overlapping region 14 located between the pupil expansion region 12 and the exit pupil region 13 are disposed on the waveguide substrate 10. The entrance pupil region 11 is located near the central axis S of the waveguide substrate 10 and is used to couple the image light output from the optical engine into the interior of the waveguide substrate 10. The light coupled into the entrance pupil region 11 propagates in two directions (left and right) along the interior of the waveguide substrate 10 and enters the corresponding pupil expansion region 12. The pupil expansion region 12 is used to expand the light inside the waveguide substrate 10 to obtain an exit pupil size that meets the requirements of binocular display.

[0043] In this embodiment, the pupil expansion region 12 adopts a two-dimensional grating structure, and the light after pupil expansion further enters the overlapping region 14 that overlaps with the exit pupil region 13. The overlapping region 14 can be a two-dimensional grating region, or it can be an equivalent two-dimensional grating region formed by superimposing one-dimensional gratings on the upper and lower surfaces. Through this overlapping structure, the pupil expansion region 12 no longer needs to be separately arranged in the overlapping part with the exit pupil region 13, thereby saving the grating area that would otherwise need to be occupied independently. Since the entrance pupil region 11 is located near the central axis S of the waveguide substrate 10, it is not necessarily on the central axis S. Figure 1As shown, the central axis S is set along the first direction F1; therefore, the two pupil expansion regions 12 can be symmetrically or asymmetrically distributed about the central axis S of the waveguide substrate 10, that is, the two pupil expansion regions 12 can be of different sizes.

[0044] Furthermore, the pupil expansion region 12 is set along a direction that forms an angle with the first direction F1, that is, the pupil expansion region 12 is inclinedly set on the waveguide substrate 10.

[0045] During the optical path output process, the expanded pupil light passes through the overlapping region 14 and is finally coupled out from the exit pupil region 13 to the left and right eyes, forming an effective binocular imaging effect. Since the overlapping area of ​​the expanded pupil region 12 and the exit pupil region 13 accounts for 10% to 90% of the area of ​​the expanded pupil region 12, this embodiment significantly reduces the area in the waveguide substrate 10 that requires the placement of a grating in the actual structure. Figure 2 As shown, in the area that originally required the complete pupil expansion region 12, a considerable proportion of the area is now shared with the exit pupil region 13, allowing a larger blank area to be released below the central axis S of the waveguide substrate 10 (the area corresponding to the user's nose bridge).

[0046] Compared to traditional binocular waveguide structures where the pupil expansion area and exit pupil area are completely separated, this embodiment, under the same field of view and pupil expansion capability, can save more than 30% of the grating width in the vertical area corresponding to the bridge of the nose (the specific saving ratio depends on the ratio of the area of ​​the pupil expansion area 12 to the area of ​​the overlapping area 14). This results in a larger gap in the waveguide at the bridge of the nose and less pressure during wear. By reducing the independent pupil expansion area 12, this embodiment makes the binocular waveguide structure more compact, effectively improving wearing comfort and making it more suitable for integration into miniaturized and lightweight AR / MR glasses products.

[0047] In Example 2, refer to Figures 4-6 As shown, this embodiment provides a binocular waveguide structure based on a one-dimensional entrance pupil region 11 and a two-dimensional overlapping region 14. This embodiment employs a single optomechanical input and couples the optomechanical output light into the waveguide substrate 10 through the one-dimensional entrance pupil region 11. Since the entrance pupil region 11 is a one-dimensional diffraction grating, its diffraction direction is unidirectional, and the light coupled into the entrance pupil region 11 propagates only in the left and right directions within the waveguide substrate 10, such as... Figure 4 As shown, light naturally propagates in the direction of the left and right eyes, thus eliminating the need for an additional vertical two-dimensional pupil-expanding region 12 near the central axis S of the waveguide substrate 10. This allows for a large blank area to be freed up in the middle of the waveguide substrate 10 (corresponding to the user's nose bridge), significantly improving wearing comfort.

[0048] In this embodiment, the pupil expansion region 12 is arranged along a direction parallel to the first direction F1, and the pupil expansion region 12 is arranged vertically on the waveguide substrate 10.

[0049] In this embodiment, a transition region 15 is further provided between the entrance pupil region 11 and the dilation pupil region 12, with the two transition regions 15 located on either side of the entrance pupil region 11. After light enters the waveguide substrate 10 from the entrance pupil region 11, it enters the transition regions 15 on the left and right sides respectively. The transition region 15 is used to change the propagation direction of the light, turning the light from a horizontal propagation path to an inclined or downward direction, so that it can couple into the dilation pupil regions 12 located on the left and right sides. In this embodiment, the dilation pupil region 12 is used to expand the light to form an exit pupil size that meets the output requirements. Since the entrance pupil region 11 is located near the central axis S of the waveguide substrate 10, but not necessarily on the central axis S, the transition regions 15 on the left and right sides and the two dilation pupil regions 12 can be symmetrically or asymmetrically distributed about the central axis S, that is, the transition regions 15 on the left and right sides and the two dilation pupil regions 12 can be of unequal size.

[0050] like Figure 6 As shown, viewed from a side perspective, the pupil expansion region 12 and the exit pupil region 13 at least partially overlap within the waveguide substrate 10. Specifically, in this embodiment, the overlapping region 14 is designed as a two-dimensional grating, i.e., a two-dimensional diffraction structure is set on the same surface, allowing the optical functions of pupil expansion and exit pupil to be locally shared within this two-dimensional region. By using a two-dimensional grating as the overlapping region 14, light can continue to be affected by pupil expansion in this region while simultaneously achieving coupling out, improving region utilization and reducing the area of ​​individual gratings.

[0051] Figure 5 The diagram shown is a partially enlarged view of the overlapping region 14, illustrating the grating structure of the two-dimensional grating region, which serves the dual functions of pupil expansion and pupil exit. In this structural design, the area of ​​the overlapping region 14, formed by the overlap of the pupil expansion region 12 and the pupil exit region 13, accounts for 10% to 90% of the area of ​​the pupil expansion region 12. This minimizes the independent area of ​​the pupil expansion region 12 while meeting the pupil expansion requirements.

[0052] Thanks to the one-dimensional nature of the entrance pupil region 11, this embodiment allows light to naturally distribute from the central axis S of the waveguide substrate 10 to the left and right sides, thus eliminating the need for a longitudinal pupil dilation region 12 in the central axis S region. Simultaneously, by setting a two-dimensional overlap region 14 between the pupil dilation region 12 and the exit pupil region 13, the occupied area of ​​the pupil dilation regions 12 on both sides is further compressed. In terms of overall structure, this embodiment can release approximately 30% or more of the effective structural width in the central region corresponding to the bridge of the nose, allowing the waveguide substrate 10 to maintain a larger gap with the bridge of the nose during wear, significantly improving wearing comfort.

[0053] Through the above structure, this embodiment achieves higher space utilization efficiency, making the entire waveguide module more compact; and combined with the one-dimensional entrance pupil region 11, the two-dimensional overlapping region 14 grating and the lateral pupil expansion path, this embodiment is particularly suitable for miniaturized and lightweight binocular AR / MR glasses.

[0054] In Example 3, as Figure 7 As shown, the waveguide module of this application can also be applied to monocular display. There is one pupil expansion region 12 and one exit pupil region 13. The pupil expansion region 12 is set away from the entrance pupil region 11 along the first direction F1, that is, the pupil expansion region 12 is located at a position slightly below the entrance pupil region 11.

[0055] Based on this, embodiments of this application also disclose a near-eye display system, including a waveguide module as described above.

[0056] The aforementioned waveguide module is suitable for near-eye display systems that use optical waveguides as imaging carriers, especially binocular AR / MR glasses with a single-optical-mechanical structure. The near-eye display system mainly consists of an optical engine, coupled optical components, a waveguide, and waveguide coupling-out components. The image light output from the optical engine is coupled into the waveguide substrate 10 via the entrance pupil region 11. After pupil expansion and light field distribution are completed in the waveguide substrate 10, the light is output to the left and right eyes respectively via the exit pupil region 13, thereby forming a binocular virtual image.

[0057] In typical application scenarios, the integrated waveguide module of this application can be directly integrated into the smart glasses frame to achieve a transparent display effect. Due to the overlapping layout of the pupil expansion region 12 and the exit pupil region 13, the area occupied by the grating in the middle of the waveguide substrate 10 can be significantly reduced, allowing for a larger structural blank area at the corresponding position on the bridge of the nose. This effectively reduces pressure on the bridge of the nose during wear and improves overall wearing comfort. This application can meet the requirements of binocular displays for field of view, clarity, and exit pupil stability, while achieving a more compact and thinner miniaturized waveguide structure.

[0058] This application is applicable to various display scenarios, including but not limited to: consumer-grade AR smart glasses, industrial inspection and maintenance auxiliary glasses, medical visualization head-mounted displays, navigation information display systems, and lightweight head-mounted display devices that require prolonged wear. The arrangement of the grating overlap region 14 in this application reduces the area occupied by the waveguide substrate 10 without sacrificing optical performance, making it particularly suitable for scenarios with high requirements for comfort and aesthetic dimensions.

[0059] This near-eye display system includes the same structure and beneficial effects as the waveguide module in the foregoing embodiments. The structure and beneficial effects of the waveguide module have been described in detail in the foregoing embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0060] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A waveguide module, characterized in that, include: A waveguide substrate has an entrance pupil region, two expansion pupil regions, and two exit pupil regions disposed on it. The two expansion pupil regions are respectively located on both sides of the entrance pupil region and disposed away from the entrance pupil region along a first direction. The two exit pupil regions are respectively located on both sides of the entrance pupil region and disposed away from the entrance pupil region along the first direction. The two expansion pupil regions are disposed between the two exit pupil regions. The projections of the two expansion pupil regions on the surface of the waveguide substrate overlap with the projection portions of the two exit pupil regions on the surface of the waveguide substrate.

2. The waveguide module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pupil dilation region overlaps with the pupil exit region to form an overlapping region, and the area of ​​the overlapping region accounts for 10% to 90% of the area of ​​the pupil dilation region.

3. The waveguide module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The two pupil expansion regions are symmetrically or asymmetrically distributed about the waveguide substrate along the central axis of the first direction.

4. The waveguide module according to claim 3, characterized in that, A transition region is also provided between the entrance pupil region and the expansion pupil region. The two transition regions are located on both sides of the entrance pupil region and are symmetrically or asymmetrically distributed about the waveguide substrate along the central axis of the first direction.

5. The waveguide module according to claim 1, 2, or 4, characterized in that, All regions are provided with diffraction gratings. The grating in the overlapping region formed by the overlap of the pupil expansion region and the exit pupil region is a two-dimensional grating. One direction of the two-dimensional grating is the same as the grating direction of the pupil expansion region, and the other direction is the same as the grating direction of the exit pupil region.

6. The waveguide module according to claim 1, 2, or 4, characterized in that, The grating in the entrance pupil region is a one-dimensional grating or a two-dimensional grating.

7. The waveguide module according to claim 1, 2, or 4, characterized in that, The pupil expansion region and the pupil exit region are located on the same surface of the waveguide substrate, or on two opposite surfaces of the waveguide substrate.

8. The waveguide module according to claim 1, 2, or 4, characterized in that, The pupil dilation area is set parallel to the first direction or at an angle to the first direction.

9. The waveguide module according to claim 1, 2, or 4, characterized in that, The entrance pupil region is located on the central axis of the waveguide substrate along the first direction, or is located close to the central axis.

10. A near-eye display system, characterized in that, It includes an optomechanical system and a waveguide module as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, disposed on the light-emitting side of the optomechanical system.

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