Display module and display system

Abstract

The application provides a display module and a display system, and relates to the technical field of waveguide display, and comprises a waveguide, an entrance pupil area, at least one pupil expansion area and at least one exit pupil area are arranged on the waveguide, the pupil expansion area and the exit pupil area are partially overlapped, and the entrance pupil area is arranged at the edge position of the waveguide and located on one side of the pupil expansion area and the exit pupil area. The application adopts a side edge entrance pupil, the pupil expansion area and the exit pupil area are partially overlapped, the size of the waveguide is reduced, the volume of the waveguide is smaller, the weight is lighter, and the wearing comfort of a user is improved. The number of times of light passing through air medium is reduced, and the effective utilization rate of light is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of waveguide display, in particular to a display module and a display system. BACKGROUND

[0002] The waveguide display system is one of the core components in the Augmented Reality (AR) technology. In the side projection binocular waveguide display system, the entrance pupil is arranged at the side of the exit pupils of the left and right eyes. Because the entrance pupil is arranged at the edge of the waveguide instead of the central position, the farther the light rays entering the entrance pupil from a certain range of field angles, the larger the propagation range of all the field angle light rays. In the binocular structure, the light rays transmitted by the entrance pupil need to be propagated to the two exit pupils of the left and right eyes. The exit pupil farthest from the entrance pupil needs to be provided with an exit pupil expansion area arranged above or at the side of the exit pupil. The exit pupil expansion area is arranged horizontally or vertically, so that the overall grating size is large. However, the large size grating directly leads to the increase of the weight of the AR glasses and the significant decrease of the wearing comfort. CONTENT OF THE UTILITY MODEL

[0003] The purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a display module and a display system, which can reduce the size of the overall grating, so that the waveguide volume is smaller and the weight is lighter.

[0004] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a display module is provided, which comprises a waveguide. The waveguide is provided with an entrance pupil area, at least one exit pupil expansion area and at least one exit pupil area. The exit pupil expansion area and the exit pupil area are partially overlapped. The entrance pupil area is arranged at the edge of the waveguide and located at one side of the exit pupil expansion area and the exit pupil area.

[0005] Optionally, the exit pupil expansion area and the entrance pupil area are located on the same face of the waveguide, or the exit pupil expansion area and the entrance pupil area are arranged on opposite faces of the waveguide.

[0006] Optionally, the exit pupil expansion area and the exit pupil area are located on the same face of the waveguide, or the exit pupil expansion area and the exit pupil area are arranged on opposite faces of the waveguide.

[0007] Optionally, the entrance pupil area forms a one-dimensional grating or a two-dimensional grating. The exit pupil expansion area and the exit pupil area both form a one-dimensional grating. The overlapped area of the exit pupil expansion area and the exit pupil area forms an overlapped area. The overlapped area forms a two-dimensional grating.

[0008] Optionally, the two-dimensional grating of the overlapped area comprises a first grating structure arranged in a first arrangement direction and a second grating structure arranged in a second arrangement direction. The first arrangement direction and the second arrangement direction are arranged at an included angle of 40°-150°.

[0009] Optionally, the area where the pupil-expanding region and the pupil-exiting region overlap forms an overlapping region, which is arranged along a first direction or a second direction.

[0010] Optionally, the area of the overlapping region formed by the pupil-expanding region and the pupil-exiting region is less than 90% of the area of the pupil-exiting region.

[0011] Optionally, the pupil-expanding region and the pupil-exiting region are arranged one by one. Alternatively, there is one pupil-expanding region and two pupil-exiting regions, and the two pupil-exiting regions partially overlap with the pupil-expanding region respectively to form two overlapping regions. Alternatively, there are two pupil-expanding regions and one pupil-exiting region, and the pupil-exiting region partially overlaps with the two pupil-expanding regions to form two overlapping regions.

[0012] In another aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a display system is provided, which comprises a light source and the display module described above arranged on one side of the light source. The light emitted by the light source is incident on the display module and forms a visible image through the display module.

[0013] The display module and the display system provided by the embodiments of the present application adopt side-in-pupil, and the pupil-expanding region and the pupil-exiting region are partially overlapped to reduce the size of the waveguide, so that the volume of the waveguide is smaller and the weight is lighter, and the user's wearing comfort is increased. The number of times of light passing through air medium is also reduced, thereby increasing the effective utilization rate of light. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0014] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present application, and therefore should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0015] Figure 1 is one of the display module structure schematic diagrams provided by the embodiments of the present application; Figure 2 is the second display module structure schematic diagram provided by the embodiments of the present application; Figure 3 is the third display module structure schematic diagram provided by the embodiments of the present application; Figure 4 is the fourth display module structure schematic diagram provided by the embodiments of the present application; Figure 5 is one of the grating arrangement structure schematic diagrams of the overlapping region of the display module provided by the embodiments of the present application; Figure 6 FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a grating arrangement structure of an overlap area of a display module provided by the embodiment; Figure 7 FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a display module structure provided by the embodiment; Figure 8 FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a display module structure provided by the embodiment; Figure 9 FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a display module structure provided by the embodiment.

[0016] Icon: 10-waveguide; 11-in-pupil area; 12-pupil expansion area; 121-first pupil expansion area; 122-second pupil expansion area; 13-overlap area; 131-first overlap area; 132-second overlap area; 14-out-pupil area; 141-first out-pupil area; 142-second out-pupil area; F1-first direction; F2-second direction; F3-first arrangement direction; F4-second arrangement direction; A, B-angle; S-middle axis. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

[0018] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of the present application is used, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second" and the like are only used for differentiation in description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0019] It should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set", "connected" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be connected inside two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0020] The existing side-viewing binocular waveguide, because the in-pupil is arranged at the edge of the waveguide instead of being arranged centrally, the out-pupil farthest from the in-pupil needs to be provided with a pupil expansion area above or beside the farthest out-pupil to obtain light from the in-pupil. The pupil expansion area is arranged horizontally or vertically, so that the overall grating size is large. Large grating size increases the difficulty of the process, and directly leads to an increase in the thickness and volume of the AR lens, affecting the user's wearing comfort.

[0021] To solve the above problems, in view of this, please refer to Figure 1 The display module provided by the embodiment of the present application comprises: a waveguide 10, the waveguide 10 is provided with an entrance pupil area 11, at least one pupil expansion area 12 and at least one exit pupil area 14, and the pupil expansion area 12 and the exit pupil area 14 are partially overlapped.

[0022] The entrance pupil area 11, the pupil expansion area 12 and the exit pupil area 14 are respectively provided with diffraction gratings, light rays enter the waveguide 10 through the entrance pupil area 11, and are emitted by the exit pupil area 14 after passing through the pupil expansion area 12.

[0023] The display module provided by the embodiment of the present application can reduce the size of the waveguide 10, reduce the overall grating size, make the waveguide 10 smaller in volume and lighter in weight, and increase the comfort of the user.

[0024] When the pupil expansion area 12 and the exit pupil area 14 are partially overlapped along the first direction F1 (lateral direction), the lateral size of the waveguide 10 can be reduced; when the pupil expansion area 12 and the exit pupil area 14 are partially overlapped along the second direction F2 (vertical direction), as shown in Figure 1 the vertical size of the waveguide 10 can be reduced.

[0025] In addition, the diffraction gratings of the entrance pupil area 11, the pupil expansion area 12 and the exit pupil area 14 are generally one-dimensional gratings, the overlapping area of the pupil expansion area 12 and the exit pupil area 14 forms an overlapping area 13, and the overlapping area 13 forms a two-dimensional grating. The two-dimensional grating can effectively receive image light rays from the pupil expansion area 12. Compared with the existing setting that the pupil expansion area 12 and the exit pupil area 14 are separated, the present application partially overlaps the pupil expansion area 12 and the exit pupil area 14, which can reduce the number of times of light passing through air medium, thereby increasing the effective utilization rate of light.

[0026] Specifically, the entrance pupil area 11 is arranged at the edge position of the waveguide 10 and located on one side of the pupil expansion area 12 and the exit pupil area 14. The vertical distance from the center of the entrance pupil area 11 to the central axis S of the waveguide 10 is greater than the vertical distance from the center of the pupil expansion area 12 to the central axis S of the waveguide 10, and the vertical distance from the center of the entrance pupil area 11 to the central axis S of the waveguide 10 is greater than the vertical distance from the center of the exit pupil area 14 to the central axis S of the waveguide 10.

[0027] That is, the vertical distance from the center of the entrance pupil region 11 to the central axis S is the maximum value of the vertical distance from the center of all regions to the central axis S. In this way, the entrance pupil region 11 is located at the edge position of the waveguide 10, and when light rays enter the waveguide 10 through the entrance pupil region 11, a side projection effect is formed, that is, the entrance pupil is arranged at the side position of the exit pupil of the left and right eyes, and after a certain range of field angle light rays enter the entrance pupil region 11, the farther the light rays diffracted through the entrance pupil region 11 from the entrance pupil region 11, the larger the propagation range of all field angle light rays.

[0028] When it is applied to a side projection binocular waveguide 10 display system, as shown in Figure 1 , an entrance pupil region 11 is arranged on the waveguide 10 to form a single side entrance pupil; the waveguide 10 is also provided with a first pupil expansion region 121, a first exit pupil region 141, and a second pupil expansion region 122, a second exit pupil region 142, and the overlapping region of the first pupil expansion region 121 and the first exit pupil region 141 forms a first overlapping region 131, and the overlapping region of the second pupil expansion region 122 and the second exit pupil region 142 forms a second overlapping region 132.

[0029] The image light emitted by the light engine (light machine) is single-sidedly incident on the waveguide 10 through the entrance pupil region 11, and under the condition of total reflection of the diffraction grating, it is propagated to the first pupil expansion region 121 and the second pupil expansion region 122, respectively, and the turning light is turned under the action of the pupil expansion grating. The image light is propagated to the first overlapping region 131 and the first exit pupil region 141, respectively, and the second overlapping region 132 and the second exit pupil region 142, respectively, and the light passing through the exit pupil region 14 is finally coupled out of the waveguide 10 into the human eye to form binocular exit of the left and right eyes.

[0030] The image light transmits image information through the waveguide 10, and after being guided by the waveguide 10, it is coupled out of the human eye from the overlapping region 13 and the exit pupil region 14. The imaging light path is independent of the reflection interface, so that independent and stable imaging can be realized. Since the pupil expansion region 12 and the exit pupil region 14 overlap in the present application, the small grating area formed can reduce the diffraction order of the grating, reduce the diffraction loss of the light, and reduce the weight of the glasses.

[0031] Further, the waveguide 10 can be made of glass, silicon carbide, transparent resin or other transparent optical materials, and has total reflection transmission characteristics, and is used to carry the entrance pupil region 11, the pupil expansion region 12 and the exit pupil region 14, and serves as an optical see-through display medium. The shape and size of the waveguide 10 can be customized according to the requirements of the AR glasses frame.

[0032] The pupil expansion region 12 is disposed in a predetermined area of ​​the waveguide 10 and is used to expand the light beam and couple it in and out multiple times within the waveguide 10, thereby expanding the light energy in the first direction F1 or the second direction F2. The pupil expansion region 12 can be a continuous structure or a segmented structure, corresponding to different exit pupil regions 14, so as to reduce the grating processing area.

[0033] The exit pupil region 14 is located on the surface of the waveguide 10 in the area corresponding to the position of the human eye. It is used to couple the dilated pupil light out of the waveguide 10 so that the user can see the optical image. The two exit pupil regions 14 correspond to the left and right eyes respectively, and together with the dilated pupil region 12, they form a binocular optical path output structure. The distance between the two exit pupil regions 14 is between 62mm and 67mm, which corresponds to the interpupillary distance of the human eye.

[0034] This application partially overlaps the pupil expansion region 12 and the exit pupil region 14, allowing them to share some physical space. This significantly reduces the area of ​​the waveguide 10 while maintaining good optical performance and adaptability, making it suitable for side-projection waveguide 10 display products such as AR glasses. The height of the overlapping region 13 accounts for less than 90% of the exit pupil height, meaning the area of ​​the overlapping region 13 is less than 90% of the area of ​​the exit pupil region 14, preferably between 10% and 40%, thus reducing the area of ​​the waveguide 10 by approximately 10% or more.

[0035] To enhance structural compatibility and process flexibility, the pupil expansion region 12 and the pupil exit region 14 can be arranged in a variety of optional ways.

[0036] The pupil expansion region 12 and the entrance pupil region 11 are located on the same side of the waveguide 10, or the pupil expansion region 12 and the entrance pupil region 11 are respectively located on opposite sides of the waveguide 10.

[0037] The pupil expansion region 12 and the exit pupil region 14 are located on the same side of the waveguide 10, or the pupil expansion region 12 and the exit pupil region 14 are respectively located on opposite sides of the waveguide 10.

[0038] Furthermore, as mentioned above, the overlapping region 13 forms a two-dimensional grating to accommodate both pupil expansion and exit pupil optical functions. The two-dimensional grating can be formed by overlapping the gratings of the pupil expansion region 12 and the exit pupil region 14 on the same or opposite sides of the waveguide 10, and the overlapping region 13 can also be a separately imprinted two-dimensional grating.

[0039] This application can provide light to the left and right exit pupil regions 14 respectively through a continuous large pupil region 12, or it can transmit light to the two exit pupil regions 14 separately through a segmented pupil region 12, so as to form a dual-eye path transmission structure. Regardless of the structure chosen, the overlapping layout of the pupil and exit pupil remains consistent, thereby ensuring that the goal of reducing the height of the waveguide 10 is achieved.

[0040] The following description uses different embodiments.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, in Embodiment 1, the optical engine is placed on the side of the waveguide 10, that is, in the temple area of ​​the eyeglasses, on the side close to the wearer's eye; the optical engine outputs image light, with the optical axis vertically upward or at a certain tilt angle, and the optical engine may include a micro-display, a collimating optical system, and a control module, etc.

[0042] The waveguide 10 is provided with an entrance pupil region 11, a first pupil dilation region 121, a first exit pupil region 141, a second pupil dilation region 122, and a second exit pupil region 142. The entrance pupil is located to the side of the exit pupil, and the pupil dilation and exit pupil can be located on the same plane or opposite planes of the waveguide 10. The pupil dilation region 12 amplifies the beam range of light from the entrance pupil region 11. The waveguide 10 is located in front of the wearer's eyes and overlaps with the lens, receiving the image light output from the light source and guiding and transmitting the light inside the waveguide 10. Finally, the image light is uniformly emitted from multiple exit points on the lower side of the waveguide 10 for the wearer to observe.

[0043] When the pupil dilation region 12 and the exit pupil region 14 are located on the same side of the waveguide 10, as follows: Figure 2 The light emitted by the light engine enters the waveguide 10 through the entrance pupil region 11. Under the action of total internal reflection of the entrance pupil grating, it is redirected to the right to the first pupil expansion region 121 and the second pupil expansion region 122. The pupil expansion region 12 effectively magnifies the beam range and changes the direction of the light. Under the action of total internal reflection of the diffraction grating, the light propagates downward to the first overlapping region 131, the first exit pupil region 141, the second overlapping region 132, and the second exit pupil region 142, respectively. The light from the exit pupil region 14 couples out of the waveguide 10 and enters the human eye for imaging. When the beam propagates in the waveguide 10, it does not need to penetrate the waveguide 10 body. It only completes pupil expansion and exit in the relevant area on one side of the surface.

[0044] When the pupil dilation region 12 and the pupil exit region 14 are located on opposite sides of waveguide 10, as follows: Figure 3 The light emitted by the light engine enters the waveguide 10 through the entrance pupil region 11. Under the action of total internal reflection by the entrance pupil grating, it passes through the waveguide 10 and propagates to the first pupil expansion region 121 and the second pupil expansion region 122. The pupil expansion region 12 effectively magnifies the beam range and changes the direction of the light. Under the action of the diffraction grating, it passes through the waveguide 10 and propagates to the first overlapping region 131, the first exit pupil region 141, the second overlapping region 132, and the second exit pupil region 142 respectively. During this process, the light beam needs to pass through the waveguide 10 and propagate from the pupil expansion region 12 on one side to the exit pupil region 14 on the other side before exiting. The light from the exit pupil region 14 couples out of the waveguide 10 and enters the human eye to form an image.

[0045] In Embodiment 2, the overlapping region 13 can be formed by overlapping the same pupil dilation region 12 or two different pupil dilation regions 12. In this embodiment, the overlapping region 13 is mainly formed by partially overlapping the same pupil dilation region 12 with two exit pupil regions 14, such as... Figure 4 As shown.

[0046] Waveguide 10 includes an entrance pupil region 11, a first pupil dilation region 121, a first exit pupil region 141, a second pupil dilation region 122, and a second exit pupil region 142. The entrance pupil region 11 is located to the side of waveguide 10 and to the left of the pupil dilation region 121, while the pupil dilation region 12 is located above the first exit pupil region 141 and the second exit pupil region 142. The pupil dilation region 12 amplifies the beam range of the image light from the entrance pupil region 11. Waveguide 10 is located in front of the wearer's eyes and coincides with the lens; it receives the image light output from the light source and guides and transmits the light within waveguide 10; finally, the image light is uniformly emitted from multiple exit points on the lower side of waveguide 10 for the wearer to observe.

[0047] The image light source of the optical engine is coupled into the binocular waveguide 10 from the side entrance pupil region 11. Under the action of total internal reflection of the entrance pupil diffraction grating, it propagates to the right to the pupil expansion region 12. The pupil expansion region 12 effectively magnifies the beam range and changes the direction of the light. Under the action of total internal reflection of the diffraction grating in the pupil expansion region 12, it propagates downward to the first overlapping region 131, the first exit pupil region 141, the second overlapping region 132, and the second exit pupil region 142 respectively. Finally, the image light rays passing through the exit pupil region 14 are coupled out of the waveguide 10 and enter the human eye to form an image.

[0048] The pupil expansion region 12 is overlapped with the two exit pupil regions 14 in a small area. The overlapping region 13 consists of a two-dimensional grating structure, which can be described as follows: Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the two-dimensional grating in the overlapping region 13 is composed of an array of circular (elliptical), quadrilateral, and other shapes. The two-dimensional grating includes a first grating structure arrayed along a first arrangement direction F3 and a second grating structure arrayed along a second arrangement direction F4. The arrayed two-dimensional grating structures form the first arrangement direction F3 in the first dimension and the second arrangement direction F4 in the second dimension. The angle between the first arrangement direction F3 and the second arrangement direction F4 ranges from 40° to 150°. The first arrangement direction F3 and the first direction F1 are the same direction.

[0049] For example, Figure 5 The included angle A between the first row direction F3 and the second row direction F4 is 40° to 150°. Figure 6 The included angle B between the first row direction F3 and the second row direction F4 is 40° to 150°.

[0050] By overlapping the pupil expansion region 12 and the exit pupil region 14, all effective light beams after pupil expansion can accurately enter the exit pupil region 14 and be coupled out to enter the human eye for imaging. In this process, the light does not pass through other media, which can effectively reduce light loss, improve light utilization, and improve the brightness of the image display. This design can also effectively reduce the area occupied by the pupil expansion grating in the waveguide 10 and reduce the thickness of the waveguide 10.

[0051] The overlapping area 13 is set along the first direction F1, or along the second direction F2, or at an angle to the first direction F1 or the second direction F2.

[0052] In Example 3, as Figure 7 As shown, one pupil dilation region 12 is placed vertically (in the second direction F2) at an angle, and another pupil dilation region 12 is placed horizontally (in the first direction F1), forming a vertically overlapping region 13 (first overlapping region 131) and a horizontally overlapping region 13 (second overlapping region 132) with the two exit pupil regions 14, respectively. The first overlapping region 131 is set at an angle to the first direction F1, or it can be considered that the first overlapping region 131 is set at an angle to the second direction F2, that is, it is set at an angle.

[0053] Waveguide 10 includes an entrance pupil region 11, a first pupil dilation region 121, a first exit pupil region 141, a second pupil dilation region 122, and a second exit pupil region 142. The entrance pupil region 11 is located on the side of all grating regions and is configured as a two-dimensional grating. The pupil dilation region 12 amplifies the beam range of the image light from the entrance pupil region 11. Waveguide 10 is located in front of the wearer's eyes and coincides with the lens; it receives the image light output from the light source and guides the light transmission within the waveguide 10; finally, the image light is uniformly emitted from multiple exit points on the lower side of the waveguide 10 for the wearer to observe.

[0054] The light emitted by the light engine enters the waveguide 10 through the two-dimensional entrance pupil region 11. Part of the light propagates downward and to the right to the first pupil expansion region 121 under the action of total internal reflection of the diffraction grating. The grating deflects the light beam in the pupil expansion region 12 and propagates obliquely to the right to the first overlapping region 131 and the first exit pupil region 141. Another part of the light propagates to the right to the second pupil expansion region 122 under the action of total internal reflection of the diffraction grating. Under the action of total internal reflection of the grating in the pupil expansion region 12, it propagates downward to the second overlapping region 132 and the second exit pupil region 142. Finally, the image light that passes through the exit pupil region 14 couples out of the waveguide 10 and enters the human eye to form an image.

[0055] This embodiment enhances the vertical field of view coverage and widens the horizontal field of view by setting a vertical overlapping area 13 and a horizontal overlapping area 13. It reduces the size of the horizontal grating while ensuring the two pupil expansion areas 12. It also enables the pupil expansion area 12 to overlap with the exit pupil area 14, thereby reducing the grating size.

[0056] In Example 4, as Figure 8 As shown, waveguide 10 includes an entrance pupil region 11, a pupil dilation region 12, and an exit pupil region 14; the pupil dilation region 12 amplifies the beam range of image light from the entrance pupil region 11. Waveguide 10 is located in front of the wearer's eyes and overlaps with the lens; it receives image light output from the light source and guides and transmits it within the waveguide 10; finally, image light is uniformly emitted from multiple exit points on the lower side of the waveguide 10 for the wearer to observe.

[0057] The light emitted by the light engine enters the waveguide 10 through the entrance pupil region 11. Under the action of total internal reflection of the entrance pupil diffraction grating, it propagates to the right to the pupil expansion region 12. The light rays passing through the pupil expansion region 12 propagate downwards to the overlapping region 13 and the exit pupil region 14. Finally, the image light rays passing through the exit pupil region 14 are coupled out of the waveguide 10 and enter the human eye to form an image.

[0058] In this embodiment, the exit pupil region 14 is an integrated region, which has the advantage of forming a larger exit pupil region 14. The image can be seen in the entire exit pupil region 14 (including the overlapping region 13), which can adapt to more people with different interpupillary distances and improve the applicability of the device.

[0059] In Example 5, as Figure 9 As shown, waveguide 10 includes an entrance pupil region 11, a first pupil dilation region 121, a second pupil dilation region 122, and an exit pupil region 14. The pupil dilation region 122 amplifies the beam range of the image light from the entrance pupil region 11. Waveguide 10 is located in front of the wearer's eyes and coincides with the lens; it receives the image light output from the light source and guides the light transmission within the waveguide 10; finally, the image light is uniformly emitted from multiple exit points on the lower side of the waveguide 10 for the wearer to observe.

[0060] The light emitted by the light engine enters the waveguide 10 through the entrance pupil region 11. Under the action of total internal reflection by the entrance pupil diffraction grating, it propagates to the right to the first pupil expansion region 121 and the second pupil expansion region 122. The light passing through the pupil expansion region 12 is magnified and propagates downward to the first overlapping region 131, the second overlapping region 132 and the exit pupil region 14 respectively. Finally, the image light passing through the exit pupil region 14 is coupled out of the waveguide 10 and enters the human eye to form an image.

[0061] Based on Example 4, this embodiment divides the pupil dilation area 12 into two parts, reducing the pupil dilation area 12 while achieving the same effect as Example 4.

[0062] On the other hand, this application also discloses a display system, including a light source and the aforementioned display module disposed on one side of the light source, wherein light emitted from the light source is incident on the display module and forms a visual image through the display module.

[0063] For example, the light source can be an optomechanical system. The display system includes an optomechanical system, a dual-field waveguide 10, and a spatial layout and optical path system constructed around the two. The pupil expansion region 12 and the exit pupil region 14 partially overlap, thereby reducing the size of the waveguide 10.

[0064] It can be applied to side-projection waveguide 10 display systems, and is especially suitable for near-eye display devices such as AR glasses that have high requirements for the size, weight and compactness of the optical module. The image light generated by the light source first enters the waveguide 10 through the entrance pupil region 11, then expands through the pupil expansion region 12, and finally couples out through the exit pupil region 14 to the human eye to form a visible image.

[0065] In addition to being applicable to monocular or binocular waveguide 10 systems, it can also be flexibly used in side-projection optical architectures with different field of view, different grating types, and different incident light paths. Whether using continuous pupil expansion or segmented pupil expansion, the overlapping layout can effectively improve space utilization, making it particularly suitable for AR glasses designs that pursue miniaturization and high integration.

[0066] In typical applications, the display module is integrated into the eyeglass frame or temples, with waveguide 10 serving as the transparent display medium and primarily responsible for optical transmission. The partial overlap between the pupil expansion region 12 and the exit pupil region 14 significantly reduces the board area occupied by the waveguide 10, making the display module structure thinner and more compact. This improves the overall aesthetics and allows for more space for the internal layout of electronic components, batteries, communication modules, etc.

[0067] This display system includes the same structure and beneficial effects as the display module in the foregoing embodiments. The structure and beneficial effects of the display module have been described in detail in the foregoing embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0068] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A display module, characterized in that, include: A waveguide having an entrance pupil region, at least one dilation pupil region, and at least one exit pupil region, wherein the dilation pupil region and the exit pupil region partially overlap; the entrance pupil region is located at the edge of the waveguide, on one side of the dilation pupil region and the exit pupil region.

2. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pupil expansion region and the entrance pupil region are located on the same side of the waveguide, or the pupil expansion region and the entrance pupil region are respectively located on opposite sides of the waveguide.

3. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pupil expansion region and the pupil exit region are located on the same side of the waveguide, or the pupil expansion region and the pupil exit region are respectively located on opposite sides of the waveguide.

4. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The entrance pupil region forms a one-dimensional or two-dimensional grating, the dilation pupil region and the exit pupil region both form one-dimensional gratings, the overlapping region of the dilation pupil region and the exit pupil region forms an overlapping region, and the overlapping region forms a two-dimensional grating.

5. The display module according to claim 4, characterized in that, The two-dimensional grating in the overlapping region includes a first grating structure arrayed along a first arrangement direction and a second grating structure arrayed along a second arrangement direction, wherein the first arrangement direction and the second arrangement direction are arranged at an angle of 40° to 150°.

6. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The overlapping area between the pupil dilation area and the pupil exit area forms an overlapping area, which is set along a first direction, or along a second direction, or at an angle to the first direction or the second direction.

7. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The area of ​​the overlapping region formed by the dilation region and the exit pupil region is less than 90% of the area of ​​the exit pupil region.

8. The display module according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The pupil dilation area and the pupil exit area are set in a one-to-one correspondence; Alternatively, there is one pupil dilation region and two pupil exit regions, with each of the two pupil exit regions partially overlapping the pupil dilation region to form two overlapping regions; Alternatively, there may be two pupil dilation regions and one pupil exit region, with each pupil exit region partially overlapping with the pupil dilation region to form two overlapping regions.

9. A display system, characterized in that, include: The light source and the display module according to any one of claims 1 to 8 disposed on one side of the light source, wherein the light emitted from the light source is incident on the display module and forms a visual image through the display module.

Images