Microcontroller and system board

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of microcontroller, including power data interface, SWD debugging interface, LDO circuit and the main control module being connected with LDO circuit, USB-TTL module;Wherein: LDO circuit is connected with main control module, USB-TTL module;Main control module includes PA9 pin, PA10 pin and PA13 pin, PA14 pin;USB-TTL module includes data transmission pin, RXD pin, TXD pin, and respectively connected with power data interface and the PA9 pin of main control module, PA10 pin, constitute first download path;The DIO pin of SWD debugging interface and CLK pin are connected with PA13 pin and PA14 pin respectively;Constitute second download path.The utility model's SWD debugging interface and the download function of USB-TTL module are complementary, form double mode program download and debugging, can effectively improve development efficiency and reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of microcontroller technology, and in particular to a microcontroller and system board. Background Technology

[0002] The STM32F system board is a hardware development board designed based on STMicroelectronics' STM32F series microcontrollers (MCUs). Its core purpose is to provide a hardware platform for embedded system development, facilitating program writing, debugging, and functional verification for developers. Among them, the STM32F103C8T6 is currently the smallest system board available on the market in the STM32F family. This system board is extremely simple, with only a 4-pin SWD debug interface.

[0003] With ST's official updates to its development tools, more people are using official development tools such as STM32CubeIDE to develop for STM32. However, the 4-pin SWD debugging interface of the current STM32F103C8T6 minimum system board cannot meet the development requirements of the official development tools.

[0004] Traditional 4-pin SWD debug interfaces (VCC, GND, SWDIO, SWCLK) lack an independent reset control signal (RST). When using modern development environments such as STM32CubeIDE for debugging and program burning, it is impossible to force a hardware reset of the main control module through the debugger. This may lead to problems such as unstable debug connections, program burning failures, or the need for manual reset to enter download mode, reducing development efficiency and reliability. Utility Model Content

[0005] The features and advantages of this invention are set forth in part in the description which follows, or may be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of this invention.

[0006] To overcome the problems of existing technologies, this utility model provides a microcontroller, including a power data interface, an SWD debugging interface, an LDO circuit, a main control module connected to the LDO circuit, and a USB-to-TTL module; wherein: The LDO circuit includes an input pin, an output pin, and a ground pin; the input pin is connected to the power data interface; the output pin is connected to the main control module and the USB to TTL module. The main control module includes a PA9 pin for sending data, a PA10 pin for receiving data, a PA13 pin for transmitting debugging data, and a PA14 pin for providing a clock signal. The USB to TTL module includes a data transmission pin, an RXD pin, and a TXD pin; wherein, the data transmission pin is connected to the power data interface, the RXD pin is connected to the PA9 pin, and the TXD pin is connected to the PA10 pin, forming the first download path; The SWD debugging interface includes a DIO pin and a CLK pin. The DIO pin is connected to the PA13 pin, and the CLK pin is connected to the PA14 pin, thus forming a second download path.

[0007] Preferably, the main control module further includes a reset pin for resetting the chip, and the SWD debugging interface further includes an RST pin, with the reset pin connected to the RST pin.

[0008] Preferably, it also includes an RST reset button, which is connected to the reset pin of the main control module.

[0009] Preferably, the main control module further includes a power supply pin and a ground pin, and the SWD debugging interface further includes a VCC pin and a GND pin, which are respectively connected to the power supply pin and the ground pin.

[0010] Preferably, the main control module is an STM32F103C8T6, and the USB to TTL module is a CH340E.

[0011] Preferably, the system also includes a colored light module, which includes a VCC pin, a GND pin, and a DIN pin; wherein the VCC pin and GND pin of the colored light module are respectively connected to the output pin and ground pin of the LDO circuit; and the DIN pin is connected to the PA0 pin of the main controller.

[0012] Preferably, a 1μF ceramic capacitor is connected in parallel at the power supply pins of the colored light module and the main control module.

[0013] Preferably, it further includes a first LED, the positive terminal of which is connected to the output pin of the LDO circuit through a first current-limiting resistor, and the negative terminal of which is connected to the ground pin of the LDO circuit.

[0014] Preferably, the module further includes a second LED, and the main control module further includes a PC13 pin; the positive terminal of the second LED is connected to the PC13 pin through a second current-limiting resistor, and the negative terminal of the second LED is grounded.

[0015] This utility model also provides a system board, wherein a power data interface is provided at a first end of the system board, and an SWD debugging interface is provided at a second end. The system board, from top to bottom, comprises a top layer, a first inner layer, a second inner layer, and a bottom layer; wherein: The top layer is divided into three sections from left to right: a first section, a second section, and a third section. The first section, from top to bottom, contains an LDO circuit, a USB to TTL module, and a colored light module. The second section contains a main control module. The third section contains an RST button. The first inner layer is provided with a 3.3V voltage line, a TTL signal line and an RST signal line. The TTL signal line is used to connect the RXD pin and TXD pin of the USB to TTL module to the PA9 pin and PA10 pin of the main control module, respectively. The RST signal line is used to connect the RST pin of the main control module to the RST button. The second inner layer is a grounding layer.

[0016] This invention provides a microcontroller and system board with a 5-pin SWD debugging interface, which solves the problems of unstable debugging connection and poor program burning reliability caused by the lack of RST signal in the traditional 4-pin SWD debugging interface. Furthermore, the SWD debugging interface and the download function of the USB to TTL module complement each other, forming a dual-mode program download and debugging, which can effectively improve development efficiency and reliability.

[0017] By reading the instruction manual, those skilled in the art will gain a better understanding of the features and contents of these technical solutions. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The advantages and implementation methods of the present invention will become more apparent then. The contents shown in the accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and do not constitute any limitation on the present invention. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the microcontroller of this utility model.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a connection diagram of the USB to TTL module of this utility model.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the LDO circuit of this utility model.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the SWD debugging interface of this utility model.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a connection diagram of the colored light module of this utility model.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the first LED and the second LED of this utility model.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the system board of this utility model.

[0025] Figure 8 This utility model Figure 7 The diagram shows the relative positions and wiring of the PCB components on the top layer of the system board.

[0026] Figure 9 This utility model Figure 7 The diagram shows the layout and wiring of the first inner layer of the system board.

[0027] Figure 10 This utility model Figure 7 The diagram shows the layout and wiring of the second inner layer of the system board.

[0028] Figure 11 This utility model Figure 7 The diagram shows the layout and wiring of the bottom layer of the system board. Detailed Implementation

[0029] In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more; the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "top," "bottom," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0030] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0031] To facilitate understanding of this application, a more complete description will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of this application are shown in the drawings. However, this application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure of this application.

[0032] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the specification of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application.

[0033] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, this utility model provides a microcontroller, including a power data interface 80, an SWD debugging interface 40, an LDO circuit 30, a main control module 10 connected to the LDO circuit 30, and a USB to TTL module 20.

[0034] Please refer to the following at the same time Figure 3 The power data interface 80 is used to connect an external power supply to provide the operating input voltage for the LDO circuit 30. The LDO circuit 30 includes an input pin IN, an output pin OUT, and a ground pin GND. The input pin is connected to the power data interface 80, while the output pin is connected to the main control module 10 and the USB-to-TTL module 20.

[0035] LDO circuit 30 is used to convert the voltage from the power data interface 80 to a lower voltage. Typically, the Type-C interface supplies 5V, which is converted to 3.3V after passing through LDO circuit 30 to power the main control module 10 and other modules.

[0036] Please refer to the following at the same time Figure 2 The USB-to-TTL module 20 is connected to the power data interface 80 and the main control chip, forming the first download path. To improve power stability, a 0.1μF decoupling capacitor is connected to ground on pin 7 of the USB-to-TTL module 20.

[0037] More specifically, the main control module 10 includes a PA9 pin for transmitting data, a PA10 pin for receiving data, a PA13 pin for transmitting debug data, a PA14 pin for providing a clock signal, and a reset pin for resetting the chip. The USB to TTL module 20 includes data transmission pins (D+ and D-), an RXD pin, and a TXD pin.

[0038] The data transmission pins D+ and D- of the USB to TTL module 20 are connected to the DP (A6, B6) pin and DN (A7, B7) pin in the power data interface 80, respectively. The RXD pin is connected to the PA9 pin of the main control module 10, and the TXD pin is connected to the PA10 pin of the main control module 10.

[0039] When data travels from the power data interface 80 through D+ and D- to the USB-to-TTL module 20, it is converted into a TTL signal and sent to the main control module 10 via PA10 through its TXD pin. When the main control module 10 sends data from PA9 to the RXD pin of the USB-to-TTL module 20, it is converted into a USB signal and sent to the power data interface 80 through the USB-to-TTL module 20.

[0040] like Figure 4 As shown, the SWD debugging interface 40 is a 5-pin SWD interface, and all 5 pins are connected to the main control module 10. More specifically, the SWD debugging interface includes a VCC pin, a GND pin, a DIO pin, a CLK pin, and an RST pin. The VCC and GND pins are connected to the power supply and ground pins of the main control module 10, respectively; the RST pin is connected to the reset pin of the main control module 10 for chip reset; the DIO pin is connected to the PA13 pin of the main control module 10, and the CLK pin is connected to the PA14 pin of the main control module 10 for data transmission, forming the second download path.

[0041] In this embodiment, the main control module is an STM32F103C8T6, and the USB-to-TTL module is a CH340E. The power and data interface 80 is a Type-C interface. The CH340E used in this embodiment has a small package, which can reduce the board size. During development, firmware can be downloaded to the main control module 10 using this chip, and the main control module 10 can use the CH340E to transmit data information without needing to connect to other modules. When communication with other peripherals or chips using TTL is required, the onboard TTL interface can be used for communication. Without soldering this chip, the main control module cannot communicate via the Type-C interface; the Type-C interface can only provide power.

[0042] This invention creates a complete 5-pin SWD debug interface by adding an RST (reset) signal pin. This allows the debugger to actively and precisely control the hardware reset timing of the main control module, ensuring the reliability and stability of the connection in complex debugging scenarios and during program burning. It fundamentally avoids communication failures caused by asynchronous resets, significantly improving the success rate and stability of debugging and program burning.

[0043] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the USB to TTL module not only provides USB program burning functionality, but also forms a dual program download and debugging guarantee with the 5PIN SWD interface, which can effectively improve development efficiency and reliability, and improve the fault tolerance and convenience of system development.

[0044] Example 2 This embodiment also provides a microcontroller, whose structure is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the difference lies in that the microcontroller provided in this embodiment also includes a color light module 50. The color light module 50 is connected to the LDO circuit 30 and the main control module 10. Specifically, the color light module includes a VCC pin, a GND pin, and a DIN pin; wherein, the VCC pin and GND pin of the color light module 50 are connected to the output pin and ground pin of the LDO circuit, respectively; the DIN pin (data input pin) of the color light module 50 is connected to the PA0 pin of the main control module. Control is achieved through a single-wire return-to-zero code protocol to realize the visual indication of the system status.

[0045] The color light module in this embodiment uses WS2812B, which can adjust and control different colors and brightness of lights through code parameters issued by the main control module 10, thereby indicating the status.

[0046] In this embodiment, the color light module 50 and the main control module 10 share a 3.3V power supply. To suppress power interference caused by sudden current changes, a 1μF ceramic capacitor can be connected in parallel at the power supply pin; thus, for the instantaneous current characteristics of peripherals such as the WS2812B, power disturbances can be effectively suppressed, ensuring the stability of the core main control chip.

[0047] To enable the WS2812B to operate stably at 3.3V, this embodiment incorporates a low-voltage enhancement module. This allows the WS2812B RGB LED, which originally has a nominal operating voltage of 5V, to operate stably under a 3.3V power supply system. This eliminates the need for an additional 5V level conversion circuit or a separate power supply, simplifying the system power structure, reducing overall power consumption and PCB layout complexity, and achieving high-performance status indication functionality under a single 3.3V power supply system. The simplified PCB layout also enables a more compact single-power supply system design.

[0048] Example 3 Based on any of the above embodiments, the microcontroller provided in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 , Figure 6 As shown, it further includes at least one of the following: an RST button 60, a first LED, a second LED, and a start-up mode selection circuit.

[0049] Specifically, the RST button 60 is connected to the RST pin of the main control module 10, meaning the RST pin of the main control module 10 is externally connected to the RST button 60. Thus, when the main control module 10 malfunctions, a reset can be triggered via the RST button without disconnecting the power supply, shortening debugging and maintenance time.

[0050] The positive terminal of the first LED 71 is connected to the output pin of the LDO circuit 30 through the first current-limiting resistor 77, and the negative terminal is connected to the ground pin of the LDO circuit 30 as a power indicator. The positive terminal of the second LED 72 is connected to the PC13 pin of the main control module 10 through the second current-limiting resistor 78, and it is located as an indicator light on the main control module 10. The indicator light design is adapted to user habits and improves the user experience.

[0051] The boot mode selection circuit connects two download pins of the main control module 10 to a DIP switch for boot selection, thereby enabling flexible switching between multiple boot paths.

[0052] Example 4 Based on any of the above embodiments, this utility model also provides a system board, please refer to the following: Figures 7 to 11 The system board has a power data interface 80 at one end and an SWD debugging interface 40 at the other end. From top to bottom, the system board consists of a top layer, a first inner layer, a second inner layer, and a bottom layer. The top layer is divided into three sections from left to right: Section 1, Section 2, and Section 3. Section 1, from top to bottom, contains an LDO circuit, a USB to TTL module, and a color light module. Section 2 contains a main control module. Section 3 contains an RST button. The connections of the above modules are consistent with the connections of the modules in the microcontroller provided by this utility model. The main control module can also be an STM32F103C8T6, the USB to TTL module can be a CH340E, the power and data interface 80 can be a Type-C interface, and the color light module can be a WS2812B.

[0053] The output pin of LDO circuit 30 is connected to the power pin of main control module 10 and USB to TTL module 20 through copper foil traces. The data transmission pins D+ and D- of USB to TTL module 20 are connected to the DP (A6, B6) pin and DN (A7, B7) pin in power data interface 80 through copper foil traces, respectively.

[0054] The VCC and GND pins of the SWD debugging interface 40 are connected to the power supply and ground pins of the main control module 10 via copper foil traces; the RST pin of the SWD debugging interface 40 is connected to the reset pin of the main control module 10 via copper foil traces; the DIO pin of the SWD debugging interface 40 is connected to the PA13 pin of the main control module 10 via copper foil traces; and the CLK pin of the SWD debugging interface 40 is connected to the PA14 pin of the main control module 10 via copper foil traces.

[0055] The positive terminal of the first LED71 is connected to the output pin of the LDO circuit 30 through the first current-limiting resistor, and the negative terminal is connected to the ground pin of the LDO circuit 30 as a power indicator. The positive terminal of the second LED72 is connected to the PC13 pin of the main control module 10 through the second current-limiting resistor. The two download pins of the main control module 10 are led out to the DIP switch 90 through copper foil traces for boot selection.

[0056] The first inner layer has a 3.3V voltage line, a TTL signal line, and an RST signal line. The TTL signal line is used to connect the RXD and TXD pins of the USB to TTL module to the PA9 and PA10 pins of the main control module, respectively. The RST signal line is used to connect the RST pin of the main control module to the RST button 60.

[0057] The second inner layer is the grounding layer, and there are no traces there.

[0058] The bottom layer has bypass capacitors and decoupling capacitors. For example, the decoupling capacitor that connects the seventh pin of the USB to TTL module 20 to ground is located on the bottom layer.

[0059] The 5-pin header of the SWD debugging interface 40 can be soldered to either the top or the bottom surface; this utility model does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0060] The microcontroller and system board provided by this invention integrates an SWD debugging interface with a hardware reset pin, solving the technical deficiency of modern debugging tools that cannot reliably control hardware reset, and effectively improving development efficiency and reliability. This invention also integrates USB serial communication and a programmable RGB status indicator, solving the problems of limited development board functionality, unintuitive status indicators, and reliance on external modules.

[0061] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art can implement the present invention in various modifications without departing from its scope and essence. For example, a feature shown or described in one embodiment can be used in another embodiment to obtain yet another embodiment. The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes made based on the content of the present invention specification and drawings are included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A microcontroller, characterized in that, It includes a power data interface, an SWD debugging interface, an LDO circuit, and a main control module and a USB-to-TTL module connected to the LDO circuit; wherein: The LDO circuit includes an input pin, an output pin, and a ground pin; the input pin is connected to the power data interface; the output pin is connected to the main control module and the USB to TTL module. The main control module includes a PA9 pin for sending data, a PA10 pin for receiving data, a PA13 pin for transmitting debugging data, and a PA14 pin for providing a clock signal. The USB to TTL module includes a data transmission pin, an RXD pin, and a TXD pin; wherein, the data transmission pin is connected to the power data interface, the RXD pin is connected to the PA9 pin, and the TXD pin is connected to the PA10 pin, forming the first download path; The SWD debugging interface includes a DIO pin and a CLK pin. The DIO pin is connected to the PA13 pin, and the CLK pin is connected to the PA14 pin, thus forming a second download path.

2. The microcontroller according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control module also includes a reset pin for resetting the chip, and the SWD debugging interface also includes an RST pin, with the reset pin connected to the RST pin.

3. The microcontroller according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, It also includes an RST reset button, which is connected to the reset pin of the main control module.

4. The microcontroller according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control module also includes a power supply pin and a ground pin, and the SWD debugging interface also includes a VCC pin and a GND pin, which are respectively connected to the power supply pin and the ground pin.

5. The microcontroller according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control module is an STM32F103C8T6, and the USB to TTL module is a CH340E.

6. The microcontroller according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a colored light module, which includes a VCC pin, a GND pin, and a DIN pin; wherein, the VCC pin and GND pin of the colored light module are connected to the output pin and ground pin of the LDO circuit, respectively; and the DIN pin is connected to the PA0 pin of the main controller.

7. The microcontroller according to claim 6, characterized in that, A 1μF ceramic capacitor is connected in parallel at the power supply pins of the light module and the main control module.

8. The microcontroller according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a first LED, the positive terminal of which is connected to the output pin of the LDO circuit through a first current-limiting resistor, and the negative terminal of which is connected to the ground pin of the LDO circuit.

9. The microcontroller according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a second LED, and the main control module also includes a PC13 pin; the positive terminal of the second LED is connected to the PC13 pin through a second current-limiting resistor, and the negative terminal of the second LED is grounded.

10. A system board, wherein a power data interface is provided at a first end and an SWD debugging interface is provided at a second end, and the system board comprises, from top to bottom, a top layer, a first inner layer, a second inner layer, and a bottom layer; characterized in that... ； The top layer is divided into three sections from left to right: a first section, a second section, and a third section. The first section, from top to bottom, contains an LDO circuit, a USB to TTL module, and a colored light module. The second section contains a main control module. The third section contains an RST button. The first inner layer is provided with a 3.3V voltage line, a TTL signal line and an RST signal line. The TTL signal line is used to connect the RXD pin and TXD pin of the USB to TTL module to the PA9 pin and PA10 pin of the main control module, respectively. The RST signal line is used to connect the RST pin of the main control module to the RST button. The second inner layer is a grounding layer.

Images