A multi-interface USB device data acquisition system
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522450796.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-27
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-11-19
AI Technical Summary
[0004]（1）当采用常规USB集线器（Hub）时，所有下行端口共享单一上行端口的总带宽，当多个设备同时传输数据时，带宽成为瓶颈，无法实现真正的高速并行读写，且扩展能力有限，级联过多会导致信号衰减和不稳定
[0026]在本实用新型中，每个USB接口单元连接到主控板的一个独立的USB主机控制器通道上，实现了物理层级的数据传输通道隔离；多个USB设备的数据流互不干扰，同时读写，彻底解决了传统集线器的带宽共享瓶颈问题。
Smart Images
Figure CN224907379U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of data acquisition equipment technology, specifically to a multi-interface USB device data acquisition system. Background Technology
[0002] With the development of the Internet of Things, industrial automation and big data, there are increasingly more scenarios that require simultaneous connection and data collection from multiple USB devices, such as simultaneous capture by multiple cameras, data acquisition from multiple sensors, and parallel testing and charging of multiple mobile devices.
[0003] Traditional solutions have significant bottlenecks, specifically as follows:
[0004] (1) When using a conventional USB hub, all downstream ports share the total bandwidth of a single upstream port. When multiple devices transmit data at the same time, the bandwidth becomes a bottleneck, making it impossible to achieve true high-speed parallel reading and writing. Furthermore, the expansion capability is limited, and excessive cascading can lead to signal attenuation and instability.
[0005] (2) When using a multi-port USB PCIe expansion card, although it can provide multiple independent channels, its expansion capability is limited by the number of PCIe slots on the computer motherboard, and it cannot achieve “unlimited” expansion.
[0006] (3) When multiple independent USB acquisition devices are used, multiple computer host interfaces are required, resulting in chaotic management, difficult software coordination, and high costs.
[0007] Based on this, the present invention aims to provide a multi-interface USB device data acquisition system to solve the aforementioned problems. Utility Model Content
[0008] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a multi-interface USB device data acquisition system. This system aims to achieve high-speed, stable, and parallel data acquisition from USB devices and has theoretically unlimited port expansion capabilities.
[0009] This utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:
[0010] A multi-interface USB device data acquisition system, the system comprising a main control unit and at least one USB interface unit connected to the main control unit;
[0011] The main control unit is equipped with a main control chip and an auxiliary control chip connected to the main control chip. The main control chip is connected to multiple USB host controllers. Each USB host controller is connected to an extended downlink interface. One of the extended downlink interfaces is connected to an OTG-USB hub, and at least one of the remaining extended downlink interfaces is connected to a USB sub-controller. Each USB sub-controller is connected to multiple first USB interfaces.
[0012] The auxiliary control chip is connected to multiple first RS485 interfaces or first CAN interfaces.
[0013] Each of the USB interface units is provided with at least one second USB interface, at least one second RS485 interface, and multiple USB reading units;
[0014] Each second USB port is connected to a first USB hub, and the first USB hub is connected to multiple third USB ports, each of which is connected to a corresponding USB reading unit; each second RS485 port is connected to a third RS485 port, which is connected to a multiple USB reading unit.
[0015] Furthermore, the main control chip is also connected to a level converter, which is connected to an RS233 communication debugging interface or an RJ45 communication debugging interface.
[0016] Furthermore, the OTG-USB hub is connected to a camera USB interface, a fingerprint collection USB interface, and a USB-PHY converter, and the USB-PHY converter is connected to an RJ45 communication network interface.
[0017] Furthermore, the auxiliary control chip is also connected to a lock control XH2.54 interface, a speaker XH2.54 interface, and a lighting XH2.54 interface.
[0018] Furthermore, the main control chip is also equipped with a system uplink interface, which is connected to a host computer.
[0019] Furthermore, the main control unit also includes a 12V power input interface, which is connected to a first power output interface;
[0020] Each of the USB interface units is provided with a first 12V-5V power module, and the first power output interface is connected to the first 12V-5V power module of each USB interface unit; the first 12V-5V power module is connected to a second power output interface, and the second power output interface is connected to multiple USB reading units.
[0021] Furthermore, each second RS485 interface is connected to an interface control chip, which is connected to multiple motor drivers.
[0022] Furthermore, the USB reading unit includes at least one fourth USB interface, at least one fourth RS485 interface, and a second 12V-5V power module; each of the fourth USB interfaces is connected to a second USB hub, and the second USB hub is connected to multiple fifth USB interfaces; each of the fourth RS485 interfaces is connected to a fifth RS485 interface; and the second 12V-5V power module is connected to a third power output interface.
[0023] Furthermore, each of the third USB interfaces is connected to a corresponding fourth USB interface; and each of the third RS485 interfaces is connected to a corresponding fourth RS485 interface.
[0024] Furthermore, the second power output interface is connected to multiple second 12V-5V power modules respectively.
[0025] Compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
[0026] In this invention, each USB interface unit is connected to an independent USB host controller channel on the main control board, achieving physical-level data transmission channel isolation; the data streams of multiple USB devices do not interfere with each other and can be read and written simultaneously, completely solving the bandwidth sharing bottleneck problem of traditional hubs. Attached Figure Description
[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this utility model and should not be considered as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:
[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-interface USB device data acquisition system;
[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main control unit in this embodiment;
[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the USB interface unit in this embodiment. Detailed Implementation
[0031] The exemplary embodiments of this disclosure are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, including various details of the embodiments to aid understanding, and should be considered merely exemplary. Therefore, those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Similarly, for clarity and brevity, descriptions of well-known functions and structures are omitted in the following description.
[0032] In this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, the use of terms such as "first," "second," etc., to describe various elements is not intended to limit the positional, temporal, or importance relationships of these elements; such terms are merely used to distinguish one element from another. In some examples, the first element and the second element may refer to the same instance of that element, while in other cases, based on the context, they may refer to different instances.
[0033] The terminology used in the description of the various examples in this disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular examples only and is not intended to be limiting. Unless the context explicitly indicates otherwise, an element may be one or more unless the number of elements is specifically limited. Furthermore, the term "and / or" as used in this disclosure covers any one of the listed items and all possible combinations thereof.
[0034] Example
[0035] See Figure 1 , Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a multi-interface USB device data acquisition system is shown, wherein the system includes a main control unit and a USB interface unit connected to the main control unit;
[0036] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the number of USB interface units is set to one. In other embodiments, two, three, four or other numbers of USB interface units can be set, and no further restrictions are imposed here.
[0037] See Figure 2 , Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the main control unit is shown. The main control unit includes a main control chip and an auxiliary control chip connected to the main control chip. The main control chip is connected to two USB host controllers. Each USB host controller is connected to an extended downlink interface. One extended downlink interface is connected to an OTG-USB hub, and the remaining extended downlink interface is connected to a USB sub-controller. Each USB sub-controller is connected to six first USB interfaces. The auxiliary control chip is connected to six first RS485 interfaces or first CAN interfaces.
[0038] See Figure 3 , Figure 3A schematic diagram of a USB interface unit is shown, wherein the USB interface unit is provided with a second USB interface, a second RS485 interface, and five USB reading units; the second USB interface is connected to a first USB hub, the first USB hub is connected to five third USB interfaces, and the five third USB interfaces are respectively connected to the five USB reading units; the second RS485 interface is connected to a third RS485 interface, and the third RS485 interface is respectively connected to the five USB reading units.
[0039] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the number of USB host control units is set to two, but in other embodiments, three, four, five, or other numbers of USB host control units can also be set; the number of first USB interfaces is set to six, but in other embodiments, four, five, eight, or other numbers of first USB interfaces can also be set; the number of first RS485 interfaces is set to six, but in other embodiments, four, five, eight, or other numbers of first RS485 interfaces can also be set; the number of USB reading units is set to five, but in other embodiments, three, four, six, or other numbers of USB reading units can also be set; the number of third USB interfaces is set to five, but in other embodiments, three, four, six, or other numbers of third USB interfaces can also be set;
[0040] It should also be noted that in this embodiment, the main control chip uses an NXP i.MX8 series processor, which has multiple built-in USB host controllers. In other embodiments, ARM Cortex-A series chips or dedicated ASICs / FPGAs can also be used, without further restrictions. The auxiliary control chip uses an APM32F103CBT6, and other models of microcontrollers can also be used in other embodiments, without further restrictions. The OTG-USB hub uses an FE2.1, and other models of OTG-USB hubs can also be used in other embodiments, without further details. The USB sub-controller uses a UPD720201, and other models of USB sub-controllers can also be used in other embodiments, without further restrictions. The first USB hub uses an FE2.1, and other models of USB hubs can also be used in other embodiments, without further restrictions. The extended downstream interface uses a USB 3.0 Type-C interface, and other interfaces can also be used in other embodiments, without further restrictions. The OTG-USB hub also has a reserved USB interface for subsequent interface expansion.
[0041] Specifically, in this embodiment, the main control chip drives the USB controller, the LCD screen driver, and runs the system software; the auxiliary control chip assists the main control chip in completing logic control and peripheral driving; multiple independent USB host controllers are used to receive data streams from multiple USB interface units in parallel and process or encapsulate the parallel data streams; the extended downlink interface is used to connect the USB sub-controller and the OTG-USB hub, each extended downlink interface is independent (e.g., multiple USB Type-C or high-speed board-to-board connectors), and each extended downlink interface occupies a dedicated USB host controller channel, thereby ensuring its bandwidth independence; the OTG-USB hub is used to merge multiple USB signals into a hub chip, and then transmit the merged data to the main controller through a single USB signal; the USB sub-controller is used to allocate USB channels and manage and control USB devices according to the USB protocol;
[0042] The second USB interface and the second RS485 interface are used to connect to the first USB interface and the first RS485 interface in the main control unit to complete the pluggable connection between the main control unit and the USB interface unit; the USB reading unit expands the USB interface to connect more USB devices that need to collect data.
[0043] Meanwhile, the main control unit also runs firmware to manage the enumeration, identification, and data flow routing of USB interface units and USB devices on all extended downlink interfaces. This is a conventional technique in the field and will not be elaborated on here.
[0044] Meanwhile, in this embodiment, the system's expansion capability is only limited by the number of USB host controllers that the main control chip can support; by selecting a core chip that integrates more host controllers, or by adopting a multi-chip cascade architecture, the number of extended downlink interfaces can be easily increased, thereby connecting more USB interface units and achieving greater expansion of the number of ports; at the same time, the failure of a single USB interface unit does not affect the normal operation of other USB interface units, making maintenance convenient.
[0045] In one possible implementation, the main control chip is also connected to a level converter, which is connected to an RS233 communication debugging interface or an RJ45 communication debugging interface.
[0046] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the level converter is SP3232EEN-L / TR. In other embodiments, other models of level converters may be used, and no further restrictions are imposed here. In this embodiment, an RS233 communication debugging interface is used. In other embodiments, an RJ45 communication debugging interface or other communication interfaces may be used, and no further restrictions are imposed here.
[0047] Specifically, in this embodiment, the level converter is used to realize signal conversion between circuits with different voltage standards, ensuring normal communication between different main control chips and external debugging machines; the RS233 communication debugging interface or RJ45 communication debugging interface is used to connect to the external debugging machine for system debugging of this data acquisition system.
[0048] In one possible implementation, the OTG-USB hub is connected to a camera USB interface, a fingerprint collection USB interface, and a USB-PHY converter, the USB-PHY converter being connected to an RJ45 communication network interface.
[0049] Specifically, in this embodiment, the camera USB interface is used to connect the camera; the fingerprint acquisition USB interface is used for the fingerprint acquisition device; and the USB-PHY converter is used to convert the USB interface and the network port so that it can be connected to the RJ45 communication network interface.
[0050] As one possible implementation, the auxiliary control chip is also connected to a lock control XH2.54 interface, a speaker XH2.54 interface, and a lighting XH2.54 interface.
[0051] Specifically, in this embodiment, the lock control XH2.54 interface is used to control the opening and closing of the electric lock; the horn XH2.54 interface is used to connect the horn device; and the lighting XH2.54 interface is used to connect the lighting device.
[0052] As one possible implementation, the main control chip is also provided with a system uplink interface, which is connected to a host computer.
[0053] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the system uplink interface adopts a USB 3.2 Gen 2x2 Type-C interface. In other embodiments, a Thunderbolt™ interface or other interfaces may also be used, and no further restrictions are imposed here. It should also be noted that the protocol standard of the system uplink interface is higher than or equal to the protocol standard of the extended downlink interface.
[0054] Specifically, in this embodiment, the system uplink interface is used to connect to a host computer, such as a computer or mobile terminal, to provide a high-bandwidth data uplink channel and send the processed data stream to the host computer.
[0055] In one possible implementation, the main control unit further includes a 12V power input interface, which is connected to a first power output interface; each USB interface unit is provided with a first 12V-5V power module, and the first power output interface is connected to the first 12V-5V power module of the USB interface unit; the first 12V-5V power module is connected to a second power output interface, which is connected to five USB reading units respectively.
[0056] Specifically, in this embodiment, a 12V power input interface is used for power input, a first power output interface is used for powering the USB interface unit, a first 12V-5V power module is used for voltage conversion of the input power, and a second power output interface is used for powering the five USB reading units, with the second power output interface outputting a 12V power voltage.
[0057] In one possible implementation, each second RS485 interface is connected to an interface control chip, which is connected to five motor drivers.
[0058] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the interface control chip is SP485EEN-L / TR, but other models of interface control chips can be used in other embodiments; the motor driver is HR9110S, but other models of motor drivers can be used in other embodiments; and the number of motor drivers is set to five, but in other embodiments it can be set to three, four, six or other numbers of motor drivers, without further restrictions.
[0059] Specifically, in this embodiment, the first 12V-5V power supply module is also used to power the interface control chip; the interface control chip is used to obtain control commands from the RS485T communication protocol to achieve control; and the motor driver is used to drive the motors in each unit circuit.
[0060] In one possible implementation, the USB reading unit includes a fourth USB interface, a fourth RS485 interface, and a second 12V-5V power supply module; the fourth USB interface is connected to a second USB hub, and the second USB hub is connected to five fifth USB interfaces; the fourth RS485 interface is connected to the fifth RS485 interfaces; and the second 12V-5V power supply module is connected to a third power output interface.
[0061] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the number of fourth USB interfaces is set to one, but in other embodiments it can be set to two, three, four or other numbers of USB interfaces; the number of fourth RS485 interfaces is set to one, but in other embodiments it can be set to two, three, four or other numbers of RS485 interfaces; the number of fifth USB interfaces is set to five, but in other embodiments it can be set to three, four, six or other numbers of USB interfaces. The number of the above-mentioned devices is not limited here.
[0062] Specifically, in this embodiment, the second 12V-5V power module is used to convert the input power voltage and simultaneously power the USB reading unit.
[0063] In one possible implementation, the five third USB ports are connected to the five fourth USB ports in a one-to-one correspondence; the three RS485 ports are connected to the five fourth RS485 ports in a one-to-one correspondence.
[0064] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the five third USB interfaces are connected one-to-one with the fourth USB interfaces of the five USB reading units; the third RS485 interfaces are simultaneously connected to the fourth RS485 interfaces of the five USB reading units.
[0065] In one possible implementation, the second power output interface is connected to five second 12V-5V power modules respectively.
[0066] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the second power output interface is connected to the second 12V-5V power module of each of the five USB reading units.
[0067] Specifically, in this embodiment, when the system is working, the main control unit is first identified as a composite device by the host computer; then, the firmware on the main control unit enumerates the USB interface units connected to its extended downlink interface one by one, and allocates an independent logical channel to the USB device on each USB interface unit; data is transmitted through the device port on each USB interface unit, transmitted to the main control chip through the independent channel for preliminary processing or packaging, and finally aggregated and transmitted to the host computer through the system uplink interface. This process is a conventional technical means in the field and will not be described in detail here.
[0068] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of this utility model. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the scope of protection of this utility model.
Claims
1. A multi-interface USB device data acquisition system, characterized in that, The system includes a main control unit and at least one USB interface unit connected to the main control unit; The main control unit is equipped with a main control chip and an auxiliary control chip connected to the main control chip. The main control chip is connected to multiple USB host controllers. Each USB host controller is connected to an extended downlink interface. One of the extended downlink interfaces is connected to an OTG-USB hub, and at least one of the remaining extended downlink interfaces is connected to a USB sub-controller. Each USB sub-controller is connected to multiple first USB interfaces. The auxiliary control chip is connected to multiple first RS485 interfaces or first CAN interfaces. Each of the USB interface units is provided with at least one second USB interface, at least one second RS485 interface, and multiple USB reading units; Each second USB port is connected to a first USB hub, and the first USB hub is connected to multiple third USB ports, each of which is connected to a corresponding USB reading unit; each second RS485 port is connected to a third RS485 port, which is connected to a multiple USB reading unit.
2. The multi-interface USB device data acquisition system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control chip is also connected to a level converter, which is connected to an RS233 communication debugging interface or an RJ45 communication debugging interface.
3. The multi-interface USB device data acquisition system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The OTG-USB hub is connected to a camera USB interface, a fingerprint collection USB interface, and a USB-PHY converter. The USB-PHY converter is connected to an RJ45 communication network interface.
4. The multi-interface USB device data acquisition system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The auxiliary control chip is also connected to a lock control XH2.54 interface, a speaker XH2.54 interface, and a lighting XH2.54 interface.
5. A multi-interface USB device data acquisition system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control chip is also equipped with a system uplink interface, which is connected to a host computer.
6. The multi-interface USB device data acquisition system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control unit also includes a 12V power input interface, which is connected to a first power output interface. Each of the USB interface units is provided with a first 12V-5V power module, and the first power output interface is connected to the first 12V-5V power module of each USB interface unit; the first 12V-5V power module is connected to a second power output interface, and the second power output interface is connected to multiple USB reading units.
7. A multi-interface USB device data acquisition system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each second RS485 interface is connected to an interface control chip, which is connected to multiple motor drivers.
8. A multi-interface USB device data acquisition system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The USB reading unit includes at least one fourth USB interface, at least one fourth RS485 interface, and a second 12V-5V power module; each of the fourth USB interfaces is connected to a second USB hub, and the second USB hub is connected to multiple fifth USB interfaces; each of the fourth RS485 interfaces is connected to a fifth RS485 interface; the second 12V-5V power module is connected to a third power output interface.
9. A multi-interface USB device data acquisition system according to claim 8, characterized in that, Each of the third USB ports is connected to a corresponding fourth USB port; each of the third RS485 ports is connected to a corresponding fourth RS485 port.
10. A multi-interface USB device data acquisition system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The second power output interface is connected to multiple second 12V-5V power modules respectively.