A smoke fire detector

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of smoke fire detector, it is related to building safety monitoring field, comprising: detector main body, its inside is provided with smoke sensing unit;Sampling cover, the sampling cover is set in the outside of the detector main body and covers its air inlet area, the sampling cover has a horn or parabolic cover body, the flared end of this cover body is towards the monitored space, its close end is communicated with the air inlet area of the detector main body;Miniature low-power fan;A group of guide vanes.This application is by adding horn sampling cover, miniature low-power fan and internal guide vane, constructs an initiative airflow guiding structure.It can actively, forcibly suck smoke into detector from vast space, effectively overcome environmental airflow interference, make smoke steady, quickly reach sensing unit, to significantly shorten alarm response time, realize the extremely early reliable early warning of fire.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of building safety monitoring, and in particular to a smoke detector. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of modern building safety, smoke detectors are the first line of defense for protecting lives and property. They continuously monitor the concentration of smoke in the ambient air. At their core, when smoke particles enter the detector's sensitive elements, such as an optical labyrinth, they alter the light scattering characteristics or ionization current, which is then recognized by the electronic system and triggers an alarm, enabling early warning of fires.

[0003] Common point-type smoke detectors mainly consist of a detector housing and an optical detection cavity inside. The housing has an air inlet, allowing surrounding air to slowly flow in via natural convection and thermal buoyancy. The optical detection cavity passively waits for smoke to diffuse into it with the airflow before detecting it. This is a passive detection method that relies on the natural movement of smoke.

[0004] However, the aforementioned passive sampling methods have significant limitations in open spaces or complex environments with ventilation. Ambient airflow can disrupt and dilute the diffusion path of smoke, preventing smoke from effectively or promptly entering the detector cavity, resulting in alarm delays. Therefore, we propose a smoke fire detector. Utility Model Content

[0005] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies by adding a horn-shaped sampling cover, a miniature low-power fan, and internal guide vanes to construct an active airflow guiding structure. It can actively and forcefully draw smoke into the detector from a wide area, effectively overcoming environmental airflow interference and ensuring that the smoke reaches the sensing unit smoothly and quickly. This significantly shortens the alarm response time and enables very early and reliable fire warnings.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a solution to address the issue of sampling efficiency of the detector under unfavorable airflow conditions.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A smoke detector, comprising: The detector body has a smoke sensing unit installed inside; A sampling hood is disposed outside the detector body and covers its air intake area. The sampling hood has a funnel-shaped or parabolic shaped hood body, with the flared end of the hood body facing the space being monitored and its constricted end communicating with the air intake area of ​​the detector body. A miniature low-power fan is disposed near the constricted end of the sampling cover or at the air intake of the detector body. A set of guide vanes is fixedly installed inside the sampling hood to guide the airflow smoothly to the constriction end.

[0008] Preferably, the guide vanes are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the cover in a radial or spiral manner.

[0009] Preferably, the miniature low-power fan is signal-connected to the control unit of the detector body, and the control unit is configured to control the miniature low-power fan to operate in intermittent mode or variable speed mode.

[0010] Preferably, the sampling cover and the detector body are detachably connected.

[0011] Preferably, a first magnetic element is embedded at the closed end of the sampling cover, and a second magnetic element that is attracted to the first magnetic element is correspondingly embedded on the housing of the detector body.

[0012] Preferably, the positioning pin at the closed end of the sampling cover and the positioning hole provided on the main body housing of the detector are adapted to each other.

[0013] Preferably, the flared edge of the sampling hood is further provided with a ring of turbulence fins to increase the sampling area.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The smoke detector provided in this application constructs an active airflow guiding structure by adding a horn-shaped sampling cover, a miniature low-power fan, and internal guide vanes. It can actively and forcibly draw smoke from a wide space into the detector, effectively overcoming environmental airflow interference and ensuring that the smoke reaches the sensing unit smoothly and quickly. This significantly shortens the alarm response time and achieves a very early and reliable warning of fire. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled detector body and sampling cover of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled detector body of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a bottom-view structural diagram of the upper part of the detector body of this utility model; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the right-side cross-sectional structure of this utility model.

[0017] Figure number descriptions: 1. Detector body; 11. Smoke sensing unit; 12. Control unit; 2. Sampling cover; 21. Cover body; 22. First magnetic component; 23. Second magnetic component; 3. Miniature low-power fan; 4. Guide plate; 5. Positioning pin; 51. Positioning hole; 6. Turbulence fin. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] The following description is intended to disclose the present invention so that those skilled in the art can implement it. The preferred embodiments described below are merely examples, and other obvious modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The basic principles of the present invention defined in the following description can be used in other embodiments, modifications, improvements, equivalents, and other technical solutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

[0020] Those skilled in the art should understand that in the disclosure of this utility model, the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or position based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the purpose of simplifying the description of this utility model and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the above terms should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0021] It is understood that the term "a" should be understood as "at least one" or "one or more", that is, in one embodiment, the number of an element can be one, while in another embodiment, the number of the element can be multiple, and the term "a" should not be understood as a limitation on the number.

[0022] Example: Please see Figure 1-5A smoke detector includes a detector body 1, which houses a smoke sensing unit 11; a sampling hood 2, which is disposed outside the detector body 1 and covers its air intake area. The sampling hood 2 has a funnel-shaped or parabolic cover 21, with its flared end facing the monitored space and its constricted end communicating with the air intake area of ​​the detector body 1; a miniature low-power fan 3, which is disposed near the constricted end of the sampling hood 2 or at the air intake channel inlet of the detector body 1; and a set of guide vanes 4, which are fixedly installed inside the cover 21 of the sampling hood 2 to guide the airflow smoothly towards the constricted end.

[0023] The smoke detector of this application is mainly composed of a detector body 1 and a sampling cover 2, etc. The detailed structure and connection method of each component are as follows.

[0024] The detector body 1 contains a smoke sensing unit 11 and a control unit 12. The smoke sensing unit 11 is typically a photoelectric optical labyrinth structure. The detector body 1 has a conventional air inlet, not shown separately in the figure, which is used to allow air to enter the optical labyrinth.

[0025] The sampling hood 2 is positioned outside the detector body 1 through its constricted end, completely covering its original air intake area. The sampling hood 2 has a funnel-shaped or parabolic hood 21. In this embodiment, the funnel shape is used as an example. The flared end of the hood 21 faces the space being monitored, forming a wide sampling area; its constricted end is connected to the air intake area of ​​the detector body 1, forming a concentrated airflow channel.

[0026] A miniature low-power fan 3 is installed near the constricted end of the sampling cover 2. When powered on, the miniature low-power fan 3 can generate a directional and stable airflow from the flared end to the constricted end inside the sampling cover 21.

[0027] Inside the housing 21, a set of guide vanes 4 are fixedly installed. These guide vanes 4 are evenly distributed radially on the inner wall of the housing 21, and their direction is all pointing towards the center of the constriction end. The function of these guide vanes 4 is to streamline the airflow, transforming any possible eddies and turbulence into smooth laminar flow, ensuring that the drawn-in air can flow efficiently and undisturbed towards the detector body 1.

[0028] As another feasible implementation, the guide vanes 4 are also evenly distributed in a spiral shape on the inner wall of the cover 21, not shown in the figure. This spiral structure can guide the airflow to converge towards the central converging end while generating a gentle rotation, which helps to mix air from different layers, improves sampling representativeness, and further optimizes airflow stability.

[0029] The miniature low-power fan 3 is connected to the control unit 12 inside the detector body 1 via a wire. The control unit 12 can be pre-programmed to execute different control strategies. In intermittent mode, it controls the miniature low-power fan 3 to operate at regular intervals. This mode significantly reduces overall power consumption while maintaining the basic sampling frequency, making it suitable for battery-powered standalone detectors. In variable-speed mode, the control unit 12 can dynamically adjust the speed of the miniature low-power fan 3 according to environmental conditions, such as air quality determined by other sensors or the time of day. For example, the speed can be reduced during periods of high human activity or dust, and increased during nighttime or quiet periods to enhance sensitivity.

[0030] The sampling cover 2 and the detector body 1 are detachably connected, facilitating cleaning and maintenance of the inside of the sampling cover and the detector air inlet. As a preferred connection method, magnetic attraction can be used. Specifically, multiple first magnetic elements 22, such as permanent magnets, are embedded in a ring inside the constricted end of the sampling cover 2, and corresponding second magnetic elements 23, such as permanent magnets or magnetically conductive metal sheets, are embedded on the shell of the detector body 1 to attract each other. Through magnetic attraction, the sampling cover 2 can be easily installed and removed.

[0031] To ensure that the sampling cover 2 does not rotate due to airflow or vibration after installation, the magnetic connection is also equipped with an anti-rotation structure. This anti-rotation structure includes a positioning pin 5 located at the closed end of the sampling cover 2, and a positioning hole 51 on the housing of the detector body 1 that precisely matches the pin 5. During installation, the positioning pin 5 is inserted into the positioning hole 51, thereby restricting the circumferential movement of the sampling cover 2.

[0032] To further increase the effective sampling area and disrupt the laminar air boundary layer at the sampling hood opening, a ring of turbulence fins 6 can be added to the edge of the flared end of the sampling hood 2. These fins can be designed in a serrated or louvered shape; in this embodiment, a serrated shape is used as an example. They can more effectively capture air flowing parallel to the hood opening and entrain it inside the hood, thereby improving the ability to capture smoke from a distance.

[0033] Working principle After the miniature low-power fan 3 starts, it generates negative pressure at the constricted end of the sampling hood 2. This negative pressure, guided by the hood 21, forms a stable low-pressure intake area facing the monitored space at the flared end. Air in the environment, possibly containing smoke particles, is drawn in from the wide flared end under the pressure difference. The built-in guide vane 4 rectifies the incoming airflow, eliminating turbulence and ensuring a smooth, concentrated flow towards the constricted end. This guided and accelerated concentrated airflow directly enters the intake area of ​​the detector body 1 through the constricted end and quickly reaches the smoke sensing unit 11, the optical labyrinth. Due to the stable airflow and optimized velocity, smoke particles can pass through the optical path quickly and in large quantities, thus being detected sensitively and accurately.

[0034] Throughout the process, the active airflow generated by the miniature low-power fan is far stronger than the interference of the ambient background airflow, enabling the detector to maintain stable sampling efficiency even in poorly ventilated or turbulent environments. Simultaneously, because the smoke is actively drawn in rather than passively waited for, the transmission time from smoke generation to detection is significantly shortened, achieving extremely early fire warnings.

[0035] In summary, this invention constructs a highly efficient active airflow guiding structure through the synergistic effect of a sampling hood, a miniature low-power fan, and a flow guide plate. This effectively solves the alarm delay problem caused by passive sampling in complex airflow environments in traditional smoke detectors, and significantly improves the reliability and response speed of detection.

[0036] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present invention described above and shown in the accompanying drawings are merely examples and do not limit the present invention. The purpose of the present invention has been fully and effectively achieved. The functions and structural principles of the present invention have been shown and explained in the embodiments. Without departing from the stated principles, the implementation of the present invention may have any variations or modifications.

Claims

1. A smoke detector, characterized in that, include: The detector body (1) has a smoke sensing unit (11) inside. Sampling cover (2), the sampling cover (2) is disposed outside the detector body (1) and covers its air intake area. The sampling cover (2) has a funnel-shaped or parabolic cover (21). The flared end of the cover (21) faces the space being monitored, and its constricted end is connected to the air intake area of ​​the detector body (1). Miniature low-power fan (3), the miniature low-power fan (3) is located near the closing end of the sampling cover (2) or at the air intake channel inlet of the detector body (1); A set of guide vanes (4) are fixedly installed inside the cover (21) of the sampling cover (2) to guide the airflow smoothly to the closing end.

2. A smoke detector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide vanes (4) are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the cover (21) in a radial or spiral manner.

3. A smoke detector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The miniature low-power fan (3) is signal-connected to the control unit (12) of the detector body (1), and the control unit (12) is configured to control the miniature low-power fan (3) to operate in intermittent mode or variable speed mode.

4. A smoke detector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling cover (2) and the detector body (1) are detachably connected.

5. A smoke detector according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sampling cover (2) has a first magnetic element (22) embedded at the closed end, and the detector body (1) has a second magnetic element (23) embedded on the shell that is attracted to the first magnetic element (22).

6. A smoke detector according to claim 5, characterized in that: The positioning pin (5) at the closing end of the sampling cover (2) and the positioning hole (51) provided on the housing of the detector body (1) are adapted to each other.

7. A smoke detector according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sampling hood (2) is also provided with a ring of turbulence fins (6) at the flared end edge to increase the sampling area.

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