Substrate for a pad, composite current collector, electrochemical device, and electronic device

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a bottom pad foil, a composite current collector, an electrochemical device and an electronic equipment. The bottom pad foil is used for electrically connecting two adjacent conductive layers in the composite current collector, and the bottom pad foil comprises a body, the body is a metal sheet with ductility, the body has a plurality of end angles, and each end angle is provided with a chamfer structure. The composite current collector, the electrochemical device and the electronic equipment all comprise the bottom pad foil. The bottom pad foil will not be folded or raised when being cut and welded, and the energy density of the composite current collector, the electrochemical device and the electronic equipment using the bottom pad foil is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a base foil, a composite current collector, an electrochemical device, and an electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] In the existing structure, when using composite current collectors, in order to maintain the same thickness as the original battery cell, a thinner base foil is used as much as possible. The base foil is made of roll or sheet material and the material thickness is relatively thin. After cutting, the edges will have folds and curls, which will affect the welding quality during the welding process and easily increase the battery cell thickness. During welding, the stress causes the unwelded area to shrink and curl towards the welding area. After welding, the four corner edges of the base foil curl up. When the composite current collector passes through the conveyor belt and rollers, it will fold the base foil, which will increase the battery cell thickness. Utility Model Content

[0003] The main objective of this application is to provide a base foil, a composite current collector, an electrochemical device, and an electronic device, aiming to solve the technical problem that the base foil is prone to folding and warping due to stress, thereby easily increasing the thickness of the composite current collector.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, according to an embodiment of the first aspect of this application, a base foil material is proposed for electrically connecting two adjacent conductive layers in a composite current collector, comprising a body, the body being a ductile metal sheet, the body having multiple end corners, each end corner having a chamfered structure.

[0005] In some embodiments, the body includes a first side and a second side disposed adjacent to each other, the first side and the second side intersecting to form the end corner, and the chamfer structure includes a first extension segment, the first extension segment extending obliquely from the first side along a straight line to the second side.

[0006] In some embodiments, the angle α of the first extension segment extending obliquely satisfies: 1 degree ≤ α ≤ 89 degrees; The cutting length L1 of the chamfered structure on the first side and the cutting length L2 of the chamfered structure on the second side satisfy the following condition: 1 / 10 ≤ L1 / L2 ≤ 1.

[0007] In some embodiments, the body includes a first side and a second side disposed adjacent to each other, the first side and the second side intersecting to form the end corner, and the chamfer structure includes a first extension segment, the first extension segment extending from the first side along an arc to the second side.

[0008] In some embodiments, the arc angle β of the first extension segment satisfies: 1 degree ≤ β ≤ 179 degrees; The arc radius r of the first extension segment satisfies: 1mm≤r≤10mm.

[0009] In some embodiments, the body includes a first side and a second side disposed adjacent to each other, the first side and the second side intersect to form the end corner, and the chamfer structure includes a first extension segment, a second extension segment and a third extension segment, the first extension segment extends obliquely from the first side, the second extension segment extends horizontally from the end of the first extension segment away from the first side, and the third extension segment extends obliquely from the end of the second extension segment away from the first extension segment to the second side.

[0010] In some embodiments, the cutting length L3 of the chamfered structure on the first side and the cutting length L4 of the chamfered structure on the second side satisfy: 1 / 5 ≤ L3 / L4 ≤ 2.

[0011] Correspondingly, according to an embodiment of the second aspect of this application, a composite current collector is also proposed, comprising: The padding foil material described in any of the above embodiments; First conductive layer; A membrane layer, wherein the first conductive layer is disposed on one side of the membrane layer; A second conductive layer is disposed on the opposite side of the membrane layer; The bottom foil material penetrates the diaphragm layer to make the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer electrically connected.

[0012] Correspondingly, according to an embodiment of the third aspect of this application, an electrochemical device is also proposed, comprising: The composite current collector described in the above embodiments; The housing has a receiving cavity, and the composite current collector is disposed within the receiving cavity.

[0013] Correspondingly, according to an embodiment of the fourth aspect of this application, an electronic device is also proposed, including the electrochemical device described in the above embodiments.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are: In the base foil provided in this application, by providing a chamfered structure at the corners of the base foil, the concentrated stress can be effectively dispersed, avoiding stress concentration at the corners of the base foil. With the above structure, when cutting and welding the base foil, it is possible to avoid defects such as folding and warping of the base foil caused by stress concentration. This helps to ensure the surface flatness, structural stability and thickness consistency of the base foil, improves the welding stability of the base foil and the thickness consistency of the composite current collector, and avoids the thickness of the composite current collector from becoming thicker due to folding or warping of the base foil, thereby helping to improve the energy density of the composite current collector.

[0015] The thickness of the composite current collector and electrochemical device using the above-mentioned base foil material can be kept consistent, avoiding the problem of reduced energy density caused by inconsistent thickness, which is beneficial to improving the cycle performance of the composite current collector and electrochemical device.

[0016] Electronic devices using the aforementioned electrochemical device have excellent battery life and can achieve fast charging functionality. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of the structure of the padding foil provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 2 A front view of the structure of the padding foil provided in another embodiment of this application; Figure 3 A front view of the structure of the padding foil provided in another embodiment of this application; Figure 4 A front view of the structure of the padding foil provided in another embodiment of this application; Figure 5 A front view of the structure of the padding foil provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0019] Explanation of icon numbers: 10. Base foil material; 100. Ontology; 110. End corner; 120. Chamfered structure; 130. First side edge; 140. Second side edge; 121. First extension; 122. Second extension; 123. Third extension.

[0020] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0022] It should be noted that if the embodiments of this application involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0023] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this application involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the use of "and / or," "and / or," or "and / or" throughout the text implies three parallel solutions. For example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where A and B are simultaneously satisfied. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed in this application.

[0024] In the existing structure, when using composite current collectors, in order to maintain the same thickness as the original battery cell, a thinner base foil is used as much as possible. The base foil is made of roll or sheet material and the material thickness is relatively thin. After cutting, the edges will have folds and curls, which will affect the welding quality during the welding process and easily increase the battery cell thickness. During welding, the stress causes the unwelded area to shrink and curl towards the welding area. After welding, the four corner edges of the base foil curl up. When the composite current collector passes through the conveyor belt and rollers, it will fold the base foil, which will increase the battery cell thickness.

[0025] Therefore, in order to solve the technical problem that the underlying foil 10 is prone to folding and warping due to stress, thus easily increasing the thickness of the composite current collector, refer to Figures 1 to 5This application provides a base foil 10 for electrically connecting two adjacent conductive layers in a composite current collector. The base foil 10 includes a body 100, which is a ductile metal sheet. Exemplarily, the material of the base foil 10 can be aluminum, copper, or nickel-plated copper. The overall structure of the base foil 10 can be a cuboid structure. In this case, the thickness of the base foil 10 ranges from 4 μm to 50 μm (inclusive), the width ranges from 5 mm to 30 mm (inclusive), and the length ranges from 5 mm to 50 mm. The body 100 has multiple corners 110, each corner 110 having a chamfered structure 120.

[0026] Specifically, in this embodiment, by providing a chamfer structure 120 at the end corner 110 of the base foil 10, the concentrated stress can be effectively dispersed, avoiding stress concentration at the end corner 110 of the base foil 10. With the above structure, when cutting and welding the base foil 10, it is possible to avoid defects such as folding and warping of the base foil 10 caused by stress concentration. This helps to ensure the surface flatness, structural stability and thickness consistency of the base foil 10, improves the welding stability of the base foil 10 and the thickness consistency of the composite current collector, and avoids the thickness of the composite current collector becoming thicker due to folding or warping of the base foil 10, thereby helping to improve the energy density of the composite current collector.

[0027] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 2 The body 100 includes a first side 130 and a second side 140 arranged adjacently, which intersect to form an end corner 110. The chamfered structure 120 includes a first extension 121, which extends obliquely from the first side 130 to the second side 140 along a straight line. In other words, in this embodiment, a right-angled chamfer is provided at the end corner 110 of the padding foil 10. In actual production, it can be cut along the first extension 121 to form the aforementioned chamfered structure 120.

[0028] Specifically, in this embodiment, a chamfered structure 120 is provided. This structure simplifies the structural design of the base foil 10, making it easier to form. For example, during production, only one cutting step is needed to form the chamfered structure 120 at the end corner 110 of the base foil 10. This makes the cutting process of the base foil 10 simple and efficient, thereby improving the production efficiency of the base foil 10, reducing its production difficulty, and enhancing its forming effect.

[0029] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 2The angle α of the first extension segment 121 extending obliquely satisfies: 1 degree ≤ α ≤ 89 degrees. For example, the value of α can be 1 degree, 5 degrees, 10 degrees, 15 degrees, 20 degrees, 25 degrees, 30 degrees, 35 degrees, 40 degrees, 45 degrees, 50 degrees, 55 degrees, 60 degrees, 65 degrees, 70 degrees, 75 degrees, 80 degrees, 85 degrees, 89 degrees, etc.

[0030] Specifically, in this embodiment, the extension angle of the first extension segment 121 has a wide range, as long as it can form an angle, which helps to reduce the forming accuracy requirements of the base foil 10, reduce the manufacturing difficulty of the base foil 10, and reduce the design requirements of the mechanical equipment used to manufacture the base foil 10. The aforementioned angle can release the stress at the end corner 110 of the base foil 10, thereby preventing the base foil 10 from folding or warping during cutting and welding, which helps to ensure the structural flatness and safety of the base foil 10.

[0031] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 2 The chamfered structure 120 at the cutting length L1 of the first side 130 and the chamfered structure 120 at the cutting length L2 of the second side 140 satisfy the following condition: 1 / 10 ≤ L1 / L2 ≤ 1. For example, the value of L1 / L2 can be 1 / 10, 1 / 5, 3 / 10, 2 / 5, 5 / 10, 3 / 5, 7 / 10, 4 / 5, 9 / 10, 1, etc.

[0032] Specifically, in this embodiment, the values ​​of L1 / L2 are set within the above range. On the one hand, this avoids the chamfer size of the bottom foil 10 being too small, which would prevent the chamfer structure 120 from effectively dispersing the concentrated stress and avoid defects such as folding and warping of the bottom foil 10 during cutting and welding. On the other hand, this avoids the chamfer size of the bottom foil 10 being too large, which would result in excessive cutting of the bottom foil 10, affecting the effective usable size of the bottom foil 10 and preventing the bottom foil 10 from failing to effectively connect the two adjacent conductive layers.

[0033] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 3 The body 100 includes a first side 130 and a second side 140 arranged adjacently, which intersect to form an end corner 110. The chamfered structure 120 includes a first extension 121, which extends from the first side 130 along an arc to the second side 140. In other words, in this embodiment, the end corner 110 of the padding foil 10 is provided with an arc-shaped chamfer. In actual production, it can be cut along the first extension 121 to form the aforementioned chamfered structure 120.

[0034] Specifically, in this embodiment, another specific implementation of the chamfered structure 120 is provided. With the above-mentioned structure, on the one hand, since there are no right angles, the pad foil 10 is less likely to fold or curl up during cutting and welding, which is beneficial to improving the surface flatness and structural stability of the pad foil 10; on the other hand, it can improve the structural smoothness of the pad foil 10, optimize the appearance of the pad foil 10, and ensure that the pad foil 10 has a smooth curved structure.

[0035] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 3 The arc angle β of the first extension segment 121 satisfies: 1 degree ≤ β ≤ 179 degrees. For example, the value of β can be 1 degree, 5 degrees, 10 degrees, 15 degrees, 20 degrees, 25 degrees, 30 degrees, 35 degrees, 40 degrees, 45 degrees, 50 degrees, 55 degrees, 60 degrees, 65 degrees, 70 degrees, 75 degrees, 80 degrees, 85 degrees, 90 degrees, 95 degrees, 100 degrees, 105 degrees, 110 degrees, 115 degrees, 120 degrees, 125 degrees, 130 degrees, 135 degrees, 140 degrees, 145 degrees, 150 degrees, 155 degrees, 160 degrees, 165 degrees, 170 degrees, 175 degrees, 179 degrees, etc.

[0036] Specifically, in this embodiment, by increasing the design range of the arc angle of the first extension 121, it is beneficial to reduce the forming precision requirements of the base foil 10, reduce the manufacturing difficulty of the base foil 10, and reduce the design requirements of the mechanical equipment used to manufacture the base foil 10. The aforementioned arc angle can release the stress at the end corner 110 of the base foil 10, thereby preventing folding or warping of the base foil 10 during cutting and welding, which helps to ensure the structural flatness and safety of the base foil 10.

[0037] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 3 The radius r of the arc of the first extension segment 121 satisfies: 1mm ≤ r ≤ 10mm. For example, the value of r can be 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, 3.5mm, 4mm, 4.5mm, 5mm, 5.5mm, 6mm, 6.5mm, 7mm, 7.5mm, 8mm, 8.5mm, 9mm, 9.5mm, 10mm, etc.

[0038] Specifically, in this embodiment, the value of r is set within the above range. On the one hand, this avoids the chamfer size of the bottom foil 10 being too small, which would prevent the chamfer structure 120 from effectively dispersing the concentrated stress and avoid defects such as folding and warping of the bottom foil 10 during cutting and welding. On the other hand, this avoids the chamfer size of the bottom foil 10 being too large, which would result in excessive cutting of the bottom foil 10, affecting the effective usable size of the bottom foil 10 and preventing the bottom foil 10 from failing to effectively connect two adjacent conductive layers.

[0039] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4 The body 100 includes a first side 130 and a second side 140 arranged adjacently. The first side 130 and the second side 140 intersect to form an end corner 110. The chamfered structure 120 includes a first extension 121, a second extension 122, and a third extension 123. The first extension 121 extends obliquely from the first side 130, the second extension 122 extends horizontally from the end of the first extension 121 away from the first side 130, and the third extension 123 extends obliquely from the end of the second extension 122 away from the first extension 121 to the second side 140. In other words, in this embodiment, a gradient chamfer is provided at the end corner 110 of the padding foil 10. In actual production, it can be cut along the first extension 121, the second extension 122, and the third extension 123 to form the aforementioned chamfered structure 120.

[0040] Specifically, in this embodiment, another specific implementation of the chamfer structure 120 is provided. With the above-mentioned structural form, since the chamfer structure 120 is relatively complex and has many extension segments, the chamfer structure 120 can effectively balance, reduce and eliminate the generated stress, and avoid the bottom foil 10 from folding or lifting due to the stress at the end corner 110. It is beneficial to eliminate the wrinkles generated during the cutting and welding of the bottom foil 10, and ensure the surface flatness and thickness consistency of the bottom foil 10.

[0041] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4 The cutting length L3 of the chamfered structure 120 on the first side 130 and the cutting length L4 of the chamfered structure 120 on the second side 140 satisfy: 1 / 5 ≤ L3 / L4 ≤ 2. For example, the value of L3 / L4 can be 1 / 5, 2 / 5, 3 / 5, 4 / 5, 1, 6 / 5, 7 / 5, 8 / 5, 9 / 5, 2, etc.

[0042] Specifically, in this embodiment, the values ​​of L3 / L4 are set within the above range. On the one hand, this avoids the chamfer size of the bottom foil 10 being too small, which would prevent the chamfer structure 120 from effectively dispersing the concentrated stress and avoid defects such as folding and warping of the bottom foil 10 during cutting and welding. On the other hand, this avoids the chamfer size of the bottom foil 10 being too large, which would result in excessive cutting of the bottom foil 10, affecting the effective usable size of the bottom foil 10 and preventing the bottom foil 10 from failing to effectively connect two adjacent conductive layers.

[0043] For cells with centrally located tabs or conventional structures, to improve the situation where the edges of the base foil 10 curl up or fold after welding, the base foil 10 is chamfered to reduce curling caused by welding stress and folding when the electrode sheet passes through the roller after welding. The chamfer structure 120 of the base foil 10 can be an oblique angle, a rounded angle, a trapezoidal angle, or any combination of the above angles.

[0044] The following specific experiments verify that, based on the experimental results, the padding foil 10 provided in this application can effectively optimize the situation where folds and curling are easily generated during cutting and welding (see Table 1 for details).

[0045]

[0046] Table 1 Through the above embodiments 1-4, it can be seen that there are no welding quality problems such as folding, lifting, or creasing of the bottom foil 10 after welding. Embodiment 1 has a certain risk ratio. The welding quality and appearance of Embodiments 2-4 are better than those of Embodiment 1, which can better ensure that the bottom foil 10 does not lift, fold, wrinkle, or have poor welding, avoid quality abnormalities such as excessive cell thickness, and improve the safety performance of the cell.

[0047] Test methods and equipment: Electrical performance tests such as rate, charging time, and temperature rise. After the test, the lithium-ion battery is disassembled to check whether there are any folds, wrinkles, detachments, or poor soldering on the bottom foil 10.

[0048] Correspondingly, another embodiment of this application also provides a composite current collector, which includes the base foil 10 in any of the above embodiments. The composite current collector further includes a first conductive layer, a separator layer, and a second conductive layer. The first conductive layer is disposed on one side of the separator layer, and the second conductive layer is disposed on the opposite side of the separator layer. The base foil 10 penetrates the separator layer to electrically connect the first and second conductive layers. For example, the separator layer may have through holes, and the base foil 10 may be disposed at the through holes to electrically connect the first and second conductive layers. Alternatively, the separator layer may be soldered through, and the base foil 10 may be disposed at the soldered-through location to electrically connect the first and second conductive layers.

[0049] The composite current collector provided in this embodiment can be a positive current collector or a negative current collector. When the composite current collector is a positive current collector, the bottom foil 10 can be soldered with a positive electrode tab to output current. When the composite current collector is a negative current collector, the bottom foil 10 can be soldered with a negative electrode tab to output current.

[0050] Correspondingly, another embodiment of this application also provides an electrochemical device, which includes the composite current collector as described in any of the above embodiments. The electrochemical device further includes a housing with a receiving cavity, in which the composite current collector is disposed. Exemplarily, the housing can be an aluminum-plastic film housing. An adhesive layer can be provided between the composite current collector and the housing. This adhesive layer ensures the stability of the composite current collector within the receiving cavity, preventing displacement and ensuring the safety and structural stability of the electrochemical device.

[0051] The electrochemical device provided in this application includes any device in which an electrochemical reaction occurs to convert chemical energy into electrical energy and vice versa. Specific, non-limiting examples include all types of primary batteries, secondary batteries, fuel cells, solar cells, or capacitors. In particular, the electrochemical device is a lithium secondary battery, including lithium metal secondary batteries, lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium polymer secondary batteries, or lithium-ion polymer secondary batteries.

[0052] Specifically, in this embodiment, the thickness of the composite current collector and electrochemical device using the aforementioned base foil 10 can be kept consistent, avoiding the problem of reduced energy density due to inconsistent thickness, which is beneficial to improving the cycle performance of the composite current collector and electrochemical device.

[0053] Correspondingly, another embodiment of this application also provides an electronic device, which includes the electrochemical device described above. The electronic device in this application is not particularly limited and can be any electronic device known in the prior art. The electronic devices provided in this application include, but are not limited to, mobile phones, smartphones, laptops, tablets, wearable devices, smartwatches, smart bracelets, smart glasses, power banks, televisions, game consoles, game controllers, digital cameras, smart speakers, headphones, keyboards, mice, monitors, drones, audio equipment, home appliances, toys, power tools, automobiles, motorcycles, electric bicycles, bicycles, robots, robot dogs, industrial robots, and android robots.

[0054] Specifically, in this embodiment, the electronic device using the above-mentioned electrochemical device has excellent battery life and can achieve fast charging.

[0055] Thanks to the improvements to the aforementioned base foil 10, the composite current collector, electrochemical device, and electronic device of this embodiment have the same technical effects as the aforementioned base foil 10, which will not be repeated here.

[0056] It should be noted that other undisclosed contents of the pad foil 10, composite current collector, electrochemical device and electronic device provided in this application can be found in the prior art, and will not be repeated here.

[0057] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and do not limit the patent scope of this application. Any equivalent structural transformations made based on the content of the specification and drawings of this application under the concept of this application, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A base foil material used to electrically connect two adjacent conductive layers in a composite current collector, characterized in that, Includes a body, which is a ductile metal sheet, and has multiple end corners, each of which has a chamfered structure.

2. The padding foil material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The body includes a first side and a second side arranged adjacent to each other, the first side and the second side intersect to form the end corner, and the chamfer structure includes a first extension segment, the first extension segment extending obliquely from the first side along a straight line to the second side.

3. The padding foil material according to claim 2, characterized in that, The angle α of the first extension segment's inclined extension satisfies: 1 degree ≤ α ≤ 89 degrees; The cutting length L1 of the chamfered structure on the first side and the cutting length L2 of the chamfered structure on the second side satisfy the following condition: 1 / 10 ≤ L1 / L2 ≤ 1.

4. The padding foil material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The body includes a first side and a second side arranged adjacent to each other, the first side and the second side intersect to form the end corner, and the chamfer structure includes a first extension segment, the first extension segment extending from the first side along an arc to the second side.

5. The padding foil material according to claim 4, characterized in that, The arc angle β of the first extension segment satisfies: 1 degree ≤ β ≤ 179 degrees; The arc radius r of the first extension segment satisfies: 1mm≤r≤10mm.

6. The padding foil material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The body includes a first side and a second side arranged adjacent to each other. The first side and the second side intersect to form the end corner. The chamfer structure includes a first extension segment, a second extension segment and a third extension segment. The first extension segment extends obliquely from the first side, the second extension segment extends horizontally from the end of the first extension segment away from the first side, and the third extension segment extends obliquely from the end of the second extension segment away from the first extension segment to the second side.

7. The padding foil material according to claim 6, characterized in that, The cutting length L3 of the chamfered structure on the first side and the cutting length L4 of the chamfered structure on the second side satisfy: 1 / 5 ≤ L3 / L4 ≤ 2.

8. A composite current collector, characterized in that, include: The padding foil as described in any one of claims 1 to 7; First conductive layer; A membrane layer, wherein the first conductive layer is disposed on one side of the membrane layer; A second conductive layer is disposed on the opposite side of the diaphragm layer; The bottom foil material penetrates the diaphragm layer to make the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer electrically connected.

9. An electrochemical device, characterized in that, include: The composite current collector as described in claim 8; The housing has a receiving cavity, and the composite current collector is disposed within the receiving cavity.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, Includes the electrochemical device as described in claim 9.

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