Nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas air-cooled fuel cell anode and cathode pressure regulating system

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas air-cooled fuel cell anode and cathode pressure regulation and control system in hydrogen energy air-cooled fuel cell field, comprising: fuel cell stack, anode nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas supply unit, cathode air supply unit and control unit;The fuel cell stack includes anode gas inlet, positive 1 pole outlet and cathode gas inlet, the anode nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas supply unit is connected with anode gas inlet, and the cathode air supply unit is connected with cathode gas inlet;The anode nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas supply unit includes high-pressure mixed gas bottle, pressure-reducing valve, proportional valve and gas premixing buffer cavity connected in sequence, solve the frequent pressure difference fluctuation between inlet and exhaust, induce uneven stress distribution inside stack, accelerate material aging and structural fatigue, shorten the service life of stack technical problem.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of hydrogen energy air-cooled fuel cells, specifically to a nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas air-cooled fuel cell anode and cathode pressure regulation system. Background Technology

[0002] The technology belongs to the field of hydrogen air-cooled fuel cells and is mainly used in portable power supplies, small power generation equipment and other scenarios. For the case where the cathode of such equipment uses a nitrogen-hydrogen mixture as the reaction gas source, a corresponding pressure management solution is provided to adapt to the characteristics of hydrogen air-cooled fuel cells, which have a simple structure and do not require a complex liquid cooling system.

[0003] In existing hydrogen air-cooled fuel cells, although the system for supplying nitrogen-hydrogen mixture to the cathode is equipped with basic gas supply units and pressure control components, these components lack an effective coordination mechanism. They cannot dynamically adjust the gas supply state according to the dilution of hydrogen by nitrogen, resulting in a decrease in the partial pressure of hydrogen due to dilution by inert nitrogen. Even if the original inlet pressure is maintained, there will still be a problem of insufficient actual hydrogen supply, which will lead to local reaction interruption in the fuel cell stack, affecting reaction efficiency and output stability. When the proportion of nitrogen in the exhaust gas increases due to hydrogen consumption during the reaction, the pressure balance between the cathode and anode is easily disrupted, and the pressure difference between the inlet and exhaust gas fluctuates frequently, inducing uneven stress distribution inside the fuel cell stack, accelerating material aging and structural fatigue, and shortening the service life of the fuel cell stack. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the above-mentioned deficiencies and provide a nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas air-cooled fuel cell anode and cathode pressure regulation system. This system solves the technical problems of frequent pressure difference fluctuations between the intake and exhaust gases, which induce uneven stress distribution inside the fuel cell stack, accelerate material aging and structural fatigue, and shorten the service life of the fuel cell stack.

[0005] The purpose of this utility model is achieved through the following method: a nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas air-cooled fuel cell anode and cathode pressure regulation system, comprising:

[0006] Fuel cell stack, anode nitrogen-hydrogen mixture supply unit, cathode air supply unit, and control unit;

[0007] The fuel cell stack includes an anode inlet, an anode outlet, and a cathode inlet. The anode nitrogen-hydrogen mixture supply unit is connected to the anode inlet, and the cathode air supply unit is connected to the cathode inlet.

[0008] The anode nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas supply unit includes a high-pressure mixed gas cylinder, a pressure reducing valve, a proportional valve and a gas premixing buffer chamber connected in sequence, and the gas premixing buffer chamber is connected to the anode gas inlet;

[0009] The cathode air supply unit includes a fan assembly, which is connected to the cathode air inlet.

[0010] The control unit includes a differential pressure sensor connected to the anode inlet and the anode outlet, a pressure sensor between the gas premixing buffer chamber and the anode inlet, and a back pressure valve installed at one end of the anode outlet.

[0011] The control unit is electrically connected to the pressure reducing valve and the proportional valve, respectively.

[0012] Furthermore, the fan assembly control unit of the cathode air supply unit is electrically connected.

[0013] Furthermore, the back pressure valve is an electromagnetic proportional back pressure valve, and the control unit has a preset differential pressure threshold range corresponding to the fuel cell stack operating power.

[0014] When the differential pressure sensor detects that the gas pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack deviates from the threshold range corresponding to the current operating power, the control unit adjusts the opening of the back pressure valve through the output signal to achieve dynamic and precise adjustment of the differential pressure. This avoids uneven stress inside the fuel cell stack caused by differential pressure fluctuations and prevents accelerated aging of fuel cell stack materials and structural fatigue.

[0015] Furthermore, the gas premixing buffer chamber is provided with a porous turbulence structure, and the porous turbulence structure is provided with at least two layers along the flow direction of the nitrogen-hydrogen mixture in the buffer chamber, and the adjacent two layers are staggered.

[0016] By enhancing airflow disturbance through a multi-layered, staggered structure, the pressure and flow uniformity of the nitrogen-hydrogen mixture is further optimized, ensuring that the parameters of the mixture entering the cathode of the fuel cell stack are consistent across all regions, thus avoiding local reaction interruptions.

[0017] Furthermore, the control unit is also equipped with a fault warning submodule, which includes a warning light and a buzzer.

[0018] When the control unit adjusts the back pressure valve multiple times based on the differential pressure sensor data, and the gas pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack still cannot return to the preset threshold range corresponding to the current operating power, the fault warning submodule sends a warning signal to the external terminal.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The nitrogen-hydrogen mixture air-cooled fuel cell anode and cathode pressure regulation system achieves a stable supply of nitrogen-hydrogen mixture through the coordinated operation of the fuel cell stack, the anode nitrogen-hydrogen mixture supply unit, the cathode air supply unit, and the control unit. This avoids the problem of unstable hydrogen supply caused by inert nitrogen dilution, ensures controllable reaction gas source parameters on the cathode side of the stack, and prevents local reaction interruptions caused by insufficient actual hydrogen supply. By dynamically adjusting the inlet pressure, the pressure of the anode air and the cathode nitrogen-hydrogen mixture can be matched to provide a suitable anode environment for the electrochemical reaction. The control unit regulates the pressure reducing valve and the proportional valve, and at the same time, maintains a stable gas pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the stack by adjusting the back pressure valve at the anode outlet. This avoids uneven stress distribution inside the stack caused by pressure difference fluctuations, slows down material aging and structural fatigue, and extends the service life of the stack. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of this utility model.

[0021] In the diagram: 100, fuel cell stack; 101, anode inlet; 102, anode outlet; 103, cathode inlet; 200, anode nitrogen-hydrogen mixture supply unit; 201, high-pressure mixture cylinder; 202, pressure reducing valve; 203, proportional valve; 204, gas premixing buffer chamber; 300, cathode air supply unit; 301, fan assembly; 400, control unit; 401, differential pressure sensor; 402, pressure sensor; 403, back pressure valve. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0023] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 1 The specific implementation of a nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas air-cooled fuel cell anode and cathode pressure regulation system solves the technical problem of frequent pressure difference fluctuations between intake and exhaust, which induces uneven stress distribution inside the fuel cell stack, accelerates material aging and structural fatigue, and shortens the service life of the fuel cell stack.

[0024] The purpose of this utility model is achieved through the following method: a nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas air-cooled fuel cell anode and cathode pressure regulation system, comprising:

[0025] The fuel cell stack 100, the anode nitrogen-hydrogen mixture supply unit 200, the cathode air supply unit 300, and the control unit 400;

[0026] The fuel cell stack 100 includes an anode inlet 101, an anode outlet 102, and a cathode inlet 103. An anode nitrogen-hydrogen mixture supply unit 200 is connected to the anode inlet 101, and a cathode air supply unit 300 is connected to the cathode inlet 103.

[0027] The anode nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas supply unit 200 includes a high-pressure mixed gas cylinder 201, a pressure reducing valve 202, a proportional valve 203 and a gas premixing buffer chamber 204 connected in sequence. The gas premixing buffer chamber 204 is connected to the anode inlet 101.

[0028] The cathode air supply unit 300 includes a fan assembly 301, which is connected to the cathode air inlet 103.

[0029] The control unit 400 includes a differential pressure sensor 401 connected to the anode inlet 101 and the anode outlet 102, and a pressure sensor 402 between the gas premixing buffer chamber 204 and the anode inlet 101. It also includes a back pressure valve 403 installed at one end of the anode outlet 102.

[0030] The control unit 400 is electrically connected to the pressure reducing valve 202 and the proportional valve 203 respectively.

[0031] The fan assembly 301 of the cathode air supply unit 300 is electrically connected to the control unit 400.

[0032] The back pressure valve 403 is an electromagnetic proportional back pressure valve 403, and the control unit 400 has a preset differential pressure threshold range corresponding to the fuel cell stack operating power.

[0033] When the differential pressure sensor 401 detects that the gas pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack deviates from the threshold range corresponding to the current operating power, the control unit 400 adjusts the opening of the back pressure valve 403 through the output signal to achieve dynamic and precise adjustment of the differential pressure, so as to avoid uneven stress inside the fuel cell stack caused by differential pressure fluctuations and prevent the fuel cell stack material from aging faster and the structure from fatigued.

[0034] The gas premixing buffer chamber 204 is provided with a porous turbulence structure. The porous turbulence structure is provided with at least two layers along the flow direction of the nitrogen-hydrogen mixture in the buffer chamber, and the adjacent two layers are staggered.

[0035] By enhancing airflow disturbance through a multi-layered, staggered structure, the pressure and flow uniformity of the nitrogen-hydrogen mixture is further optimized, ensuring that the parameters of the mixture entering the cathode of the fuel cell stack are consistent across all regions, thus avoiding local reaction interruptions.

[0036] The control unit 400 is also equipped with a fault warning submodule, which includes a warning light and a buzzer.

[0037] When the control unit 400 adjusts the back pressure valve 403 repeatedly based on the data from the differential pressure sensor 401, and the gas pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack still cannot return to the preset threshold range corresponding to the current operating power, the fault warning submodule sends a warning signal to the external terminal.

[0038] The working process of the nitrogen-hydrogen mixture air-cooled fuel cell anode and cathode pressure regulation system in this embodiment is as follows: During operation, the fuel cell stack 100 serves as the core reaction carrier. In the anode nitrogen-hydrogen mixture supply unit 200, the nitrogen-hydrogen mixture output from the high-pressure mixture cylinder 201 is successively depressurized by the pressure reducing valve 202 and regulated by the proportional valve 203 before entering the gas premixing buffer chamber 204 with a multi-layered staggered porous turbulence structure to achieve pressure and flow equalization. Then, it enters the fuel cell stack through the anode inlet 101. The fan assembly 301 of the cathode air supply unit 300 supplies air to the cathode inlet 103. The air control unit 400 monitors the pressure difference between the anode inlet 101 and the anode outlet 102 via the differential pressure sensor 401 and the pressure between the gas premixing buffer chamber 204 and the anode inlet 101 via the pressure sensor 402. It adjusts the pressure reducing valve 202 and the proportional valve 203 respectively, and maintains the pressure difference within a preset range that matches the power of the fuel cell stack by adjusting the electromagnetic proportional back pressure valve 403 of the anode outlet 102. If the pressure difference is still abnormal after continuous adjustment, the fault warning submodule sends a warning to the external terminal, ultimately achieving stable anode and cathode pressure, ensuring efficient operation of the fuel cell stack and extending its lifespan.

[0039] The above description, in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, provides a further detailed explanation of the present invention. It should not be construed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, various simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A nitrogen-hydrogen mixture air-cooled fuel cell anode and cathode pressure regulation system, characterized in that, include: The fuel cell stack (100), the anode nitrogen-hydrogen mixture supply unit (200), the cathode air supply unit (300), and the control unit (400). The fuel cell stack (100) includes an anode inlet (101), an anode outlet (102), and a cathode inlet (103). The anode nitrogen-hydrogen mixture supply unit (200) is connected to the anode inlet (101), and the cathode air supply unit (300) is connected to the cathode inlet (103). The anode nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas supply unit (200) includes a high-pressure mixed gas cylinder (201), a pressure reducing valve (202), a proportional valve (203), and a gas premixing buffer chamber (204) connected in sequence. The gas premixing buffer chamber (204) is connected to the anode inlet (101). The cathode air supply unit (300) includes a fan assembly (301) which is connected to the cathode air inlet (103); The control unit (400) includes a differential pressure sensor (401) connected to the anode inlet (101) and the anode outlet (102) and a pressure sensor (402) between the gas premixing buffer chamber (204) and the anode inlet (101), and also includes a back pressure valve (403) installed at one end of the anode outlet (102). The control unit (400) is electrically connected to the pressure reducing valve (202) and the proportional valve (203) respectively.

2. The nitrogen-hydrogen mixture air-cooled fuel cell anode and cathode pressure regulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fan assembly (301) of the cathode air supply unit (300) is electrically connected to the control unit (400).

3. The nitrogen-hydrogen mixture air-cooled fuel cell anode and cathode pressure regulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The back pressure valve (403) is an electromagnetic proportional back pressure valve (403), and the control unit (400) has a preset differential pressure threshold range corresponding to the fuel cell stack operating power.

4. The nitrogen-hydrogen mixture air-cooled fuel cell anode and cathode pressure regulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas premixed buffer chamber (204) is provided with a porous turbulence structure. The porous turbulence structure is provided with at least two layers along the flow direction of the nitrogen-hydrogen mixture in the buffer chamber, and the adjacent two layers are staggered.

5. The nitrogen-hydrogen mixture air-cooled fuel cell anode and cathode pressure regulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control unit (400) is also equipped with a fault warning submodule, which is equipped with a warning light and a buzzer.

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