Battery pack and electric two-wheeled vehicle

Abstract

The application discloses a battery pack and an electric two-wheeled vehicle. When the battery cells are connected in series, the temperature measuring optical fiber is arranged in the flow guide channel formed by the flow guide part and the upper base along the length of the flow guide part, and the flow guide cylinder is accurately corresponding to the pressure relief hole of the explosion-proof valve of the battery cell. The temperature near the most sensitive explosion-proof valve before the thermal runaway of the battery cell can be directly monitored, and the alarm lag problem caused by the indirect measurement of the ambient temperature by the single sensor in the existing box is solved. Meanwhile, the flow guide part extends along the battery monomer arrangement, and the optical fiber can fully cover all the battery cells. In addition, the detachable design of the upper base and the lower base, the upper base and the flow guide part, the optical fiber installation can be completed synchronously with the assembly of the flow guide part, and the flow guide part can be disassembled for later maintenance without damaging the core structure of the module, reducing the operation difficulty, and the flow guide channel provides protection for the optical fiber, reducing the vibration interference.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of two-wheeled vehicles, and more particularly to a battery pack and an electric two-wheeled vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Current methods for detecting the cell temperature of electric two-wheeler batteries typically involve installing a single temperature sensor inside the battery box, indirectly inferring the cell temperature by monitoring the ambient temperature inside the box. However, in practical applications, when some cells malfunction, the ambient temperature inside the box may not rise quickly enough. In such cases, the existing detection method exhibits a significant lag, easily leading to delayed alarms or untimely fire suppression. This can not only cause property damage but, in extreme cases, even personal injury, posing a significant safety hazard to the use of electric two-wheelers. Utility Model Content

[0003] This application aims to propose a battery pack and an electric two-wheeler that can directly perform temperature detection on individual battery cells.

[0004] The battery pack provided in the first aspect of this application includes a housing and components disposed within the housing: A battery cell module includes a lower base, an upper base, and multiple battery cells. The lower base has multiple lower positioning slots spaced apart. The upper base has multiple upper positioning slots spaced apart. The upper base is detachably connected to the upper end of the lower base. The upper end of each battery cell is embedded in a corresponding upper positioning slot, and the lower end of each battery cell is embedded in a corresponding lower positioning slot. An explosion-proof valve is provided at the upper end of each battery cell. The upper base has multiple pressure relief holes aligned vertically with the corresponding explosion-proof valve. A flow guide is detachably connected to the upper base, extending along the arrangement direction of the battery cells. Multiple flow guide cylinders are provided at the lower end of the flow guide, communicating with the flow guide and aligning with the corresponding pressure relief holes. The temperature-measuring optical fiber is disposed in the flow channel formed by the flow guide part and the upper base, and is arranged along the length direction of the flow guide part; The control unit is electrically connected to the temperature-measuring optical fiber.

[0005] The electric two-wheeled vehicle provided in the second aspect of this application includes an electric vehicle body and a battery pack as described in the first aspect embodiment. The battery pack and electric two-wheeler of this application embodiment have a temperature-sensing optical fiber placed in the flow channel formed by the flow guide and the upper base, and arranged along the length of the flow guide. The pressure relief hole of the flow guide tube is precisely aligned with the explosion-proof valve of the battery cell, which can directly monitor the temperature near the explosion-proof valve, the most sensitive point before the battery cell thermal runaway. This solves the alarm lag problem caused by the indirect measurement of ambient temperature by a single sensor in the existing box. At the same time, the flow guide extends along the battery cells, and the optical fiber can fully cover all the battery cells. In addition, the detachable design of the upper base and the lower base, and the upper base and the flow guide allows the installation of the optical fiber to be completed simultaneously with the assembly of the flow guide. The flow guide can be removed for later maintenance without damaging the core structure of the module, reducing the difficulty of operation. Furthermore, the flow channel provides protection for the optical fiber and reduces vibration interference.

[0006] Other features and advantages of this application will be set forth in the following description, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing this application. Attached Figure Description

[0007] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is an electrical system diagram of the battery pack according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the enclosure mounting structure according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a battery cell module according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a battery cell according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the lower base according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the position of the insulating insert in an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the upper base according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 for Figure 7 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the upper positioning groove in an embodiment of this application; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the conductive metal strip in an embodiment of this application; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the flow guide section in an embodiment of this application.

[0008] Figure label: Lower base 100; lower positioning groove 110; socket 120; insulating plate 121; Upper base 200; upper positioning groove 210; welding hole 220; positioning part 230; insertion hole 231; pressure relief hole 240; Battery cell 300; electrode 310; explosion-proof valve 320; Conductive metal strip 400; First extension 500; Second extension 600; Flow guide 700; Flow guide tube 710; 800 for enclosure; 801 for shell; 802 for cover; 810 for pressure relief port; 820 for power supply port; Temperature measuring fiber optic cable 910; control unit 920; air pressure sensor 930; fire extinguishing device 940; alarm module 950. Detailed Implementation

[0009] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0010] In the description of this application, the use of terms such as "first," "second," etc., is for the purpose of distinguishing technical features only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or the order of the technical features indicated.

[0011] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0012] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as "setup," "installation," and "connection" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this application in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0013] The technical solution of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described below are some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments.

[0014] The following is for reference. Figures 1 to 11 This application describes a battery pack and an electric two-wheeler according to embodiments thereof.

[0015] like Figures 1 to 11As shown, the battery pack of this embodiment includes a housing 800 and components disposed within the housing 800: The battery cell module includes a lower base 100, an upper base 200, and multiple battery cells 300. The lower base 100 has multiple lower positioning slots 110, which are spaced apart. The upper base 200 has multiple upper positioning slots 210, which are spaced apart. The upper base 200 is detachably connected to the upper end of the lower base 100. The upper end of the battery cell 300 is embedded in the corresponding upper positioning slot 210, and the lower end of the battery cell 300 is embedded in the corresponding lower positioning slot 110. 0; An explosion-proof valve 320 is provided at the upper end of the battery cell 300, and multiple pressure relief holes 240 are provided on the upper base 200. The pressure relief holes 240 are aligned with the corresponding explosion-proof valve 320 in the vertical direction. A flow guide 700 is detachably connected to the upper base 200. The flow guide 700 extends along the arrangement direction of the battery cells 300. Multiple flow guide cylinders 710 are provided at the lower end of the flow guide 700. The flow guide 700 is connected to the flow guide cylinders 710, and the flow guide cylinders 710 are aligned with the corresponding pressure relief holes 240. The temperature measuring fiber 910 is set in the flow channel formed by the flow guide 700 and the upper base 200, and is arranged along the length of the flow guide 700. The control unit 920 is electrically connected to the temperature-sensing optical fiber 910.

[0016] In this embodiment, the temperature-sensing optical fiber 910 is placed within the flow channel formed by the flow guide 700 and the upper base 200 and arranged along the length of the flow guide 700. The flow guide 710 precisely corresponds to the pressure relief hole 240 aligned with the cell explosion-proof valve 320, enabling direct monitoring of the temperature near the most sensitive explosion-proof valve 320 before thermal runaway of the cell. This solves the alarm lag problem caused by the indirect measurement of ambient temperature by a single sensor in the existing enclosure. Simultaneously, the flow guide 700 extends along the battery cell 300, allowing the optical fiber to fully cover all cells. Furthermore, the detachable design of the upper base 200 and lower base 100, and the upper base 200 and flow guide 700 allows the optical fiber installation to be completed simultaneously with the assembly of the flow guide 700. Subsequent maintenance only requires disassembling the flow guide 700, without damaging the core structure of the module, reducing operational difficulty. Moreover, the flow channel provides protection for the optical fiber, reducing vibration interference. In addition, the upper base 200 and the lower base 100 are detachably connected, which can improve the installation and fixing speed of the battery cell 300, thereby effectively improving the assembly speed of the battery cell module.

[0017] The upper base 200 and lower base 100 are made of insulating plastic. This reduces the possibility of a short circuit between the bottom of the battery cell 300 and the outer metal casing 801.

[0018] The lower base 100 is vertically connected to multiple positioning plates. The lower positioning groove 110 is formed by the positioning plates. The vertical positioning plates not only form the lower positioning groove 110, but also act as internal reinforcing ribs, which significantly enhances the rigidity of the lower base 100.

[0019] The dimensions of the upper positioning groove 210 and the lower positioning groove 110 are equal, and the upper base 200 is detachably connected to the upper end of the lower base 100. The detachable design of the upper base 200 and the lower base 100 allows for relatively easy opening and replacement of a module if a battery cell 300 fails.

[0020] The upper base 200 and the lower base 100 can be connected by snap-fit ​​or bolts. The battery cell 300 is square, and the number of battery cells 300 is determined by the battery type and the rated voltage of the cell module. In this embodiment, 15 square lithium iron phosphate cells are selected and connected in series to form a cell module with a rated voltage of 48V.

[0021] It should be noted that when the battery cell 300 experiences thermal runaway, a large amount of high-temperature, flammable gas and smoke will be generated instantly inside the battery cell 300, causing a sharp increase in internal pressure. The aforementioned explosion-proof valve 320 is a weak point in the design of the battery cell 300. It will rupture and open when the pressure reaches a critical value. The pressure relief port 240 provides a release channel for the high-temperature and high-pressure ejected material, guiding the destructive energy in a safe direction.

[0022] The aforementioned guide tube 710 is aligned with the pressure relief hole 240. When a battery cell 300 experiences thermal runaway, the high-temperature jet ejected from it enters the corresponding guide tube 710 instead of impacting adjacent battery cells 300 laterally. The guide tube 710 forms a vertical channel that isolates the high-temperature jet from the battery cells 300 on both sides, preventing heat spread.

[0023] At least one temperature-sensing optical fiber 910 is provided. Each temperature-sensing optical fiber 910 is located in the flow channel formed by the flow guide 700 and the upper base 200 and is arranged along the length of the flow guide 700. This enables temperature detection of the space near the explosion-proof valve 320 at the top of multiple battery cells. Compared with measuring the temperature inside the housing 800, it enables earlier monitoring of the battery cell temperature.

[0024] Understandably, when an excessively high temperature is detected at a certain point, an alarm can be triggered, and at the same time, the specific temperature-sensing fiber optic cable 910 number and the specific location information within the temperature-sensing fiber optic cable 910 can be recorded and uploaded.

[0025] The aforementioned control unit 920 can be a DSP, microcontroller, ARM, etc., specifically an STM32 series processor.

[0026] The aforementioned housing 800 has a pressure relief port 810 communicating with the flow guide 700. The housing 800 is made of metal, providing good mechanical protection. The housing 800 consists of a shell 801 and a cover 802, which are bolted together. The pressure relief port 810 directs the high-temperature jet from the flow guide 700 into the housing 800, preventing the internal temperature of the housing 800 from rising.

[0027] In some implementations, refer to Figure 2 As shown, the housing 800 has a power port 820, through which a power cable is threaded. The power cable is used to connect to the electric control system of the electric vehicle.

[0028] In some embodiments, the temperature-sensing optical fiber 910 is arranged above the pressure relief hole 240.

[0029] In this embodiment, the temperature-sensing optical fiber 910 is arranged above the pressure relief hole 240, so that the temperature-sensing optical fiber 910 is close to the pressure relief hole 240 aligned with the cell explosion-proof valve 320. This allows for the rapid capture of the high temperature overflowing from the pressure relief hole 240 in the early stage of cell thermal runaway, solving the problem of lag in existing indirect temperature measurement. At the same time, it can be used for single cells, avoiding monitoring blind spots and effectively improving the reliability of temperature monitoring and early warning.

[0030] In some embodiments, there are multiple temperature-sensing optical fibers 910, all of which are arranged along the length of the flow guide 700, and at least one temperature-sensing optical fiber 910 is arranged above the pressure relief hole 240.

[0031] In this embodiment, at least one optical fiber is positioned above the pressure relief hole 240. Because the pressure relief hole 240 is aligned with the cell explosion-proof valve 320, it can quickly capture the high temperature at the initial stage of cell thermal runaway, solving the existing problem of temperature measurement lag. At the same time, multiple optical fibers can back each other up, improving monitoring stability. They are also compatible with the current guide section 700 structure, do not affect the pressure relief function, and improve the reliability of temperature monitoring and early warning.

[0032] In some implementations, reference Figure 1 As shown, the battery pack also includes: The pressure sensor 930 is located inside the housing 800 and is electrically connected to the control unit 920.

[0033] In this embodiment, the air pressure inside the housing 800 can be monitored by the air pressure sensor 930, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of situations where alarms and protection operations cannot be triggered in time under the condition of low-heat combustion of the battery cell.

[0034] In some embodiments, the battery pack further includes: Fire extinguishing device 940 is installed inside the enclosure 800.

[0035] In this embodiment, by setting up a fire extinguishing device 940, fire can be extinguished when the temperature-measuring fiber optic cable 910 detects that the cell temperature exceeds the high-temperature threshold, thereby reducing the impact of the fire.

[0036] The aforementioned fire extinguishing device can be a small-sized device that can be placed in the flow channel or in other places within the housing 800 where there is space to place it.

[0037] In some embodiments, the fire extinguishing device 940 includes: The thermal aerosol fire extinguisher is installed inside the housing 800 and electrically connected to the control unit 920.

[0038] In this embodiment, by setting up a thermal aerosol fire extinguisher, fire can be extinguished when the temperature measuring fiber 910 detects that the cell temperature exceeds the high temperature threshold, or when the pressure sensor 930 detects that the pressure inside the box 800 exceeds the high pressure threshold.

[0039] Understandably, in some scenarios, fire extinguishing bombs triggered by high temperatures can be used directly, rather than necessarily using the fire extinguishing device 940 triggered by the control unit.

[0040] In some implementations, reference Figure 1 As shown, the battery pack also includes: The alarm module 950 is electrically connected to the control unit 920.

[0041] In this embodiment, by setting up an alarm module 950, proactive early warning can be achieved. Before the danger escalates, for example, when a fire just begins, the user can be promptly reminded to stay away from the two-wheeled vehicle to avoid casualties.

[0042] The aforementioned alarm module 950 can be a commercially available, mature alarm product, such as an audible and visual alarm. Alternatively, it can be a wireless communication module, which can use wireless communication to trigger an alarm. Understandably, when using a wireless communication module, it can be reused with the wireless communication module built into the battery to reduce costs.

[0043] In some embodiments, the upper base 200 has multiple welding holes 220 through which the electrodes 310 of the battery cell 300 pass. The upper end of the upper base 200 is connected to multiple positioning parts 230, each positioning part 230 being used to fix the corresponding conductive metal strip 400. The lower end of the conductive metal strip 400 abuts against the upper end of the corresponding electrode 310 of the battery cell 300. The lower base 100 is provided with multiple insertion holes 120, through which insulating insert plates 121 are inserted. The insulating insert plates 121 are inserted between adjacent battery cells 300.

[0044] The aforementioned conductive metal strip 400 is selected from either copper-nickel composite strip or copper-aluminum composite strip.

[0045] The aforementioned conductive metal strip 400 is fixed to the electrode 310 using a spot welding machine or laser welding.

[0046] The lower end of the aforementioned conductive metal strip 400 abuts against the upper end of the electrode 310 of the corresponding battery cell 300, so that the relative position of the metal strip and the electrode 310 is fixed before welding, preventing misalignment during welding and improving connection reliability. At the same time, this pre-abutment method also greatly improves welding efficiency, further increasing the assembly speed of the cell module.

[0047] The aforementioned insulating insert 121 improves the insulation between battery cells 300.

[0048] The thickness of the aforementioned insulating plate 121 is less than the distance between two adjacent battery cells 300, providing space for slight expansion of the battery during long-term use. The insulating plate 121 is made of flame-retardant plastic to prevent the expansion or rupture of the battery cell 300 due to thermal runaway from affecting adjacent battery cells 300, thus suppressing heat spread.

[0049] In some implementations, refer to Figure 2 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the positioning part 230 has a insertion hole 231 on the side facing the welding hole 220. Each welding hole 220 has two corresponding positioning parts 230. The two ends of the conductive metal strip 400 are respectively inserted into the insertion holes 231 of the corresponding positioning parts 230. During installation, the conductive metal strip 400 has a certain elasticity. The operator manually bends the conductive metal strip 400, and then inserts the two ends of the conductive metal strip 400 into the insertion holes 231 of the two positioning parts 230 respectively. After releasing, the conductive metal strip 400 stretches due to its own elasticity and is then locked in the two insertion holes 231. When the conductive metal strip 400 stretches due to its own elasticity, it will naturally straighten, so that the middle part of the conductive metal strip 400 makes stable contact with the upper end of the electrode 310 of the battery cell 300. The elastic force ensures the contact pressure between the metal strip and the electrode 310, improving the welding quality. Traditional methods require holding the metal strip in one hand and welding with the other. However, by utilizing the elastic snap-in positioning design of the conductive metal strip 400, the installation time for each battery connection point can be significantly shortened, thereby greatly improving the production and assembly efficiency of the entire module.

[0050] In some embodiments, adhesive tape is adhered to the lower end of the lower base 100. This tape is made of fiber adhesive and contains reinforcing materials such as glass fiber or cotton fiber, providing high tensile strength. The tape seals at least a portion of the lower end of the socket 120. The tape prevents the insulating insert 121 from detaching from the socket 120. It is foreseeable that the upper base 200 and lower base 100 can also be secured using tape. The tape also serves as an additional insulating layer, enhancing the overall electrical safety of the module.

[0051] In some implementations, refer to Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, the lower base 100 has first extensions 500 extending upwards from both ends, and the first extensions 500 are integrally formed with the lower base 100. The upper base 200 has second extensions 600 extending downwards from both ends, and the upper base 200 and the second extensions 600 are integrally formed. The first extensions 500 are detachably connected to the second extensions 600. The first extensions 500 and the second extensions 600 are bolted or snap-fitted together, forming a continuous frame on the side of the battery cell module, which improves the overall structural strength of the battery cell module.

[0052] In some embodiments, the flow guide 710 is filled with fibrous insulation material.

[0053] The aforementioned fibrous insulation material can be ceramic fiber wool or rock wool. The function of the fibrous insulation material is to prevent high-temperature ejected material in the flow guide 700 from entering the flow guide tube 710 from top to bottom. Because of its loose structure, the fibrous insulation material does not obstruct the upward ejection of high-temperature ejected material. Therefore, the high-temperature ejected material generated by the thermally runaway battery cell 300 can break through the fibrous insulation material above it and enter the flow guide 700. The fibrous insulation material in the flow guide tubes 710 corresponding to other battery cells 300 that have not experienced thermal runaway will not be affected by the high-temperature ejected material in the flow guide 700, because the lower end of the flow guide tube 710 is blocked by the battery cell 300. The high-temperature ejected material in the flow guide 700 cannot flow backwards and break through the fibrous insulation material, effectively protecting the battery cells 300 that have not experienced thermal runaway while releasing pressure.

[0054] In some embodiments, a chamfer is provided at the socket 120. The chamfer serves as a guide when installing the insulating plug 121, thereby increasing the speed of installation.

[0055] This utility model also provides an electric two-wheeled vehicle, including an electric vehicle body and the aforementioned battery pack.

[0056] It should be noted that since electric two-wheeled vehicles can adopt all the technical solutions of the battery packs mentioned above, they have at least all the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solutions of the battery packs mentioned above. These additional beneficial effects will not be elaborated here.

[0057] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application. Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, modules, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here. It should be understood that the protection scope of this application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application, and these modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A battery pack, characterized in that, Including the enclosure and all of the following housed within it: A battery cell module includes a lower base, an upper base, and multiple battery cells. The lower base has multiple lower positioning slots spaced apart. The upper base has multiple upper positioning slots spaced apart. The upper base is detachably connected to the upper end of the lower base. The upper end of each battery cell is embedded in a corresponding upper positioning slot, and the lower end of each battery cell is embedded in a corresponding lower positioning slot. An explosion-proof valve is provided at the upper end of each battery cell. The upper base has multiple pressure relief holes aligned vertically with the corresponding explosion-proof valve. A flow guide is detachably connected to the upper base, extending along the arrangement direction of the battery cells. Multiple flow guide cylinders are provided at the lower end of the flow guide, communicating with the flow guide and aligning with the corresponding pressure relief holes. The temperature-measuring optical fiber is disposed in the flow channel formed by the flow guide part and the upper base, and is arranged along the length direction of the flow guide part; The control unit is electrically connected to the temperature-measuring optical fiber.

2. The battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature-measuring optical fiber is arranged above the pressure relief hole.

3. The battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are multiple temperature-sensing optical fibers, all of which are arranged along the length of the flow guide, and at least one of the temperature-sensing optical fibers is arranged above the pressure relief hole.

4. The battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A pressure sensor is installed inside the housing and is electrically connected to the control unit.

5. The battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A fire extinguishing device is installed inside the box.

6. The battery pack according to claim 5, characterized in that, The fire extinguishing device includes: A thermal aerosol fire extinguisher is installed inside the box and electrically connected to the control unit.

7. The battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The alarm module is electrically connected to the control unit.

8. The battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper base has multiple welding holes through which the electrodes of the battery cells pass. The upper end of the upper base is connected to multiple positioning parts, each of which is used to fix a corresponding conductive metal strip. The lower end of the conductive metal strip abuts against the upper end of the electrode of the corresponding battery cell. The lower base has multiple insertion holes through which insulating plates are inserted. The insulating plates are inserted between adjacent battery cells.

9. The battery pack according to claim 8, characterized in that, The guide tube is filled with fibrous thermal insulation material.

10. An electric two-wheeled vehicle, characterized in that, It includes the electric vehicle body and the battery pack as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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