Battery pack and energy storage device

Abstract

The application provides a battery pack and an energy storage device, and belongs to the technical field of energy storage. The battery pack comprises a box body, a battery module, a fire barrier and an explosion-proof valve. The fire barrier is fixed to the inner wall of the box body. The fire barrier comprises a shell and a plurality of partitions arranged inside the shell. The plurality of partitions divide the interior of the shell into a first cavity, a second cavity and a third cavity which are sequentially communicated. The first cavity and the second cavity are arranged along a first direction, and the first cavity and the third cavity are arranged along a second direction, forming an approximately V-shaped zigzag flow channel. The flame propagation resistance is increased, and the direct spraying of the flame and sparks out of the box body to cause external fire is effectively prevented. In addition, the solid particles have inertia, and when the flow direction frequently changes, the movement trajectory of the solid particles cannot completely follow the airflow deflection, and the solid particles will be separated from the main flow due to the inertia impact at the edge of the partition or the corner of the cavity, and will be attached to the wall or deposited in the corner. Thus, the effective filtration and interception of the combustible solid particles are realized, and the combustible solid particles are prevented from being sprayed out along the airflow to ignite the surrounding components.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy storage technology, and more particularly to a battery pack and energy storage device. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of clean energy technologies, energy storage systems are widely used in new energy power generation, electric vehicles, and other fields. As the core of an energy storage system, the safety performance of the battery pack is of paramount importance.

[0003] To ensure the safe and stable operation of battery packs, they need to be waterproof and dustproof, theoretically requiring complete sealing. However, even in a completely sealed state, if an abnormal thermal runaway occurs inside the battery pack due to a short circuit, overcharging, or over-discharging, a large amount of high-temperature, high-pressure gas will be generated and accumulated, accompanied by the ejection of solid particles containing flammable components. If this pressure and ejected material cannot be released in time, it can easily cause a rapid increase in internal pressure, leading to an explosion. Therefore, relevant technologies typically incorporate explosion-proof valves on battery packs, which automatically open when the pressure reaches a critical value, enabling rapid pressure relief and preventing structural rupture.

[0004] However, while existing explosion-proof valves can release high-pressure gas during the opening and depressurization process, they also directly spray high-temperature flames, sparks, and solid particles carrying flammable components into the external environment. These high-temperature projectiles can easily ignite surrounding structures, leading to external fires and causing serious secondary disasters. Utility Model Content

[0005] This application provides a battery pack and energy storage device that can effectively block flames, sparks and flammable solid particles ejected during thermal runaway of the battery pack, thereby preventing external fires while achieving rapid pressure relief and improving the reliability of the battery pack.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of this application adopt the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, this application provides a battery pack, including a housing, a battery module, a flame arrester, and an explosion-proof valve; the housing has an accommodating space, and the battery module is located within the accommodating space; the flame arrester is fixed to the inner wall of the housing, and the flame arrester includes a shell and multiple partitions disposed inside the shell, the multiple partitions dividing the interior of the shell into a first cavity, a second cavity, and a third cavity that are connected in sequence; the first cavity and the second cavity are arranged along a first direction, and the first cavity and the third cavity are arranged along a second direction, the first direction and the second direction intersect; the shell has an air inlet and an air outlet, the air inlet connecting the accommodating space and the first cavity, and the air outlet connecting the third cavity; the explosion-proof valve is fixed to the outer wall of the housing and disposed opposite to the flame arrester, the air inlet of the explosion-proof valve connecting the air outlet.

[0008] By incorporating multiple baffles within the flame arrester's outer casing, the interior is divided into sequentially connected first, second, and third cavities, guiding gas flow through each cavity in turn. Since the first and second cavities are arranged along a first direction, while the first and third cavities are arranged along a second direction, the gas flow path forms an approximately V-shaped tortuous channel. When thermal runaway occurs inside the battery pack and pressure is released through the explosion-proof valve, high-temperature gas, flames, and solid particles carrying flammable components first enter the first cavity through the air inlet. Subsequently, these gases enter the second cavity along the first direction, then reverse and enter the third cavity along the first direction, finally exiting through the air outlet to the explosion-proof valve. This multi-directional flow path design significantly extends the gas travel distance. Due to the longer path, the flames and sparks continuously collide and rub against the baffles and the inner wall of the casing during propagation, enhancing heat exchange efficiency and allowing heat to dissipate rapidly. Simultaneously, the approximately V-shaped tortuous fluid channel increases the flame propagation resistance, effectively preventing flames and sparks from directly exiting the casing and causing external fire. Furthermore, solid particles possess inertia. When the flow direction changes frequently, their trajectory cannot completely follow the airflow change. They may detach from the main flow due to inertial impacts at the edges of the partition or corners of the cavity, adhering to the walls or depositing in corners. Each impact consumes their kinetic energy. After multiple changes of direction, the velocity of the solid particles decreases significantly, eventually losing the ability to continue moving forward and remaining inside the flame arrestor. This effectively filters and intercepts combustible solid particles, preventing them from being ejected with the airflow and igniting surrounding components. Compared to a straight-through flow channel structure that extends only in a single direction, this application achieves a significant extension of the gas path through a spatial layout in at least two directions, without significantly increasing the external dimensions of the flame arrestor. This enables spark cooling, flame extinguishing, and solid particle filtration functions, reducing the space occupied by the flame arrestor and thus improving the space utilization of the battery pack.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the second cavity includes a first sub-cavity and a second sub-cavity arranged and connected along a second direction. The first sub-cavity is arranged and connected to the first cavity along a first direction, and the second sub-cavity is arranged and connected to the third cavity along the first direction.

[0010] With this design, after the gas enters the first cavity, it first flows into the first sub-cavity connected to it along the first direction, then flows laterally into the second sub-cavity along the second direction, and then turns back along the first direction into the third cavity, finally exiting through the vent. This path forms an approximately U-shaped flow channel, requiring the gas to undergo multiple 90° or near-90° directional turns when flowing through the flame arrestor, further extending the gas flow path. During these multiple turns, the high-temperature flame and sparks frequently collide and rub against the partition and the inner wall of the outer shell, causing rapid heat dissipation. This continuous heat exchange process causes the flame temperature to gradually decrease, effectively suppressing flame propagation and achieving efficient quenching. Furthermore, the tortuous fluid channel structure significantly increases the local resistance to gas flow, effectively preventing flames and sparks from directly exiting the enclosure and causing external fire. In addition, solid particles have inertia. During multiple sharp turns, their trajectory cannot completely follow the airflow. They will be separated from the mainstream due to inertial impact at the edge of the partition or the corner of the cavity, and will adhere to the wall or be deposited in the corner. They will eventually be effectively trapped inside the flame arrestor to prevent them from being sprayed out with the airflow and igniting the surrounding components.

[0011] In one feasible embodiment, the multiple partitions include a first partition and a second partition, the first partition intersecting a first direction and the second partition intersecting a second direction. The first partition has multiple first through holes and multiple second through holes, located on opposite sides of the second partition. The first through holes connect a first cavity and a first sub-cavity, and the second through holes connect a third cavity and a second sub-cavity. The second partition also has multiple third through holes, connecting the first and second sub-cavities.

[0012] By incorporating multiple through-holes in the partition, effective gas communication between different chambers is achieved, ensuring unobstructed pressure relief paths. Furthermore, in the event of thermal runaway in the battery pack, where high-temperature gas carrying flames and combustible particles enters the flame arrestor, the through-holes disperse the originally concentrated high-pressure airflow into multiple fine filaments, significantly reducing the jet impact force and thus weakening the flame intensity, making it easier to extinguish. In addition, sparks and combustible solid particles, due to inertia, are unlikely to completely follow the airflow direction when passing through narrow channels, easily colliding with the hole walls and adhering to deposits, thus being effectively trapped. Particles larger than the through-hole diameter are directly blocked, achieving physical sieving filtration.

[0013] In one feasible manner, the diameter of the first through hole is larger than the diameter of the third through hole, and the diameter of the third through hole is larger than the diameter of the second through hole.

[0014] The diameter of the first through-hole is larger than that of the third through-hole, and the diameter of the third through-hole is larger than that of the second through-hole, thus forming a gradually decreasing through-hole structure along the gas flow direction. The large holes at the front end of the airflow direction ensure smooth pressure relief and reduce back pressure, while the gradually decreasing diameters in the middle and rear sections enable flame cutting and solid particle interception. This balances pressure relief efficiency with flame-arresting reliability, effectively preventing sparks and combustible materials from igniting external fires and avoiding secondary disasters.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the cross-sectional shape of the first through hole, the second through hole, or the third through hole is at least one of circular, elliptical, rhomboid, or rectangular.

[0016] The diverse hole shapes facilitate adaptation to different manufacturing processes, reduce processing difficulty and cost, and improve the consistency and reliability of flame arresters.

[0017] In one feasible implementation, the enclosure has a cuboid structure, with the second direction being the length direction of the enclosure and the first direction being the height direction. The battery module and flame arrester are arranged along the second direction.

[0018] Because the battery modules and flame arresters are arranged along the length of the housing, and the first and second sub-cavities are also arranged along the length of the housing, while the first sub-cavity and the first cavity, and the second sub-cavity and the third cavity, are aligned and connected along the height of the housing, this allows the gas flow path to alternate between the length and height directions of the housing, forming a spatially tortuous channel. Specifically, after the gas enters from the first cavity, it first flows into the first sub-cavity along the height direction, then flows laterally along the length direction to the second sub-cavity, and finally returns along the height direction to the third cavity for discharge. In this way, a longer path can be achieved without extending the structure along the length of the housing, thus significantly reducing the space occupied by the flame arresters along the length of the housing while ensuring that the flame arresters have a sufficiently long gas flow path and efficient flame arresting performance, thereby improving the space utilization and capacity of the battery pack.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the housing includes a first plate and a second plate disposed opposite to each other along a second direction, and a plurality of side plates for connecting the first plate and the second plate; the first plate is close to the battery module relative to the second plate, and the second plate has an air vent; the air inlet includes a first air inlet and a second air inlet, the first air inlet being located on the first plate, the second air inlet being located on at least one side plate, and both the first air inlet and the second air inlet communicating with a first cavity.

[0020] By simultaneously providing air inlets on both the first plate and the side plates, the effective air intake area between the flame arrester and the battery module is expanded. When the battery pack experiences thermal runaway and a sudden increase in internal pressure, high-temperature gas can simultaneously enter the first cavity from multiple directions, avoiding the flow restriction caused by a single air inlet, increasing the air intake flow rate per unit time, and improving the system's response speed. Furthermore, compared to a single-sided air intake design, a localized high-pressure zone can easily form in the air intake area during high-pressure release, potentially leading to casing deformation. This application, through multi-directional air intake, disperses the concentrated airflow to multiple air inlets, significantly reducing the pressure peak on the air intake side and improving the overall stability of the flame arrester.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the housing further includes a fixing part connected to the second plate, the plane of the fixing part coinciding with the plane of the second plate; the fixing part has a plurality of first connecting holes, the housing has a plurality of second connecting holes, the plurality of first connecting holes and the plurality of second connecting holes correspond one-to-one, and each first connecting hole and its corresponding second connecting hole are connected; the battery pack further includes a connector for connecting the first connecting holes and the second connecting holes.

[0022] By providing multiple first connection holes on the fixing part of the outer shell and configuring a precise and equal number of second connection holes on the casing, the two are securely connected by a connector. This ensures high-precision positioning and reliable connection between the flame arrestor and the casing. This not only simplifies the installation process and improves assembly efficiency, but also effectively enhances the sealing and vibration resistance of the connection interface, thereby significantly improving the overall structural stability of the battery pack.

[0023] In one possible implementation, the battery pack further includes a plurality of first baffles, and a plurality of air inlets, with each of the plurality of first baffles corresponding to a plurality of air inlets; each of the first baffles is connected to the inner wall of the housing at the corresponding air inlet, and the extending direction of the first baffle intersects the axial direction of the air inlet.

[0024] By intersecting the axial direction of the air inlet with the extension direction of the first baffle, high-temperature gas, flames, and solid particles injected from the air inlet directly impact the first baffle. This impact rapidly dissipates their kinetic energy and forces the airflow direction to deflect, changing from a straight jet to a circumferential flow. This process not only disperses the concentrated airflow but also significantly extends its flow path within the flame arrestor, causing the flames and sparks to collide and rub against the structural components more frequently, thus achieving efficient cooling and quenching. Simultaneously, solid particles, due to inertia, impact and adhere to the first baffle or the inner wall of the outer shell, greatly reducing the risk of high-temperature combustibles being directly ejected from the casing and igniting surrounding components, leading to a secondary fire.

[0025] In one possible implementation, there are multiple vents, and the multiple vents and multiple inlets are alternately distributed along a first direction; the battery pack also includes multiple second baffles, each of which corresponds to one of the multiple vents; each second baffle is connected to the inner wall of the housing at the corresponding vent, and the extending direction of the second baffle intersects the axial direction of the vent.

[0026] Because the air inlets and outlets are alternately arranged in the first direction, multiple first baffles and multiple second baffles corresponding to them are staggered in the first direction, thus forming a spatially interlaced blocking structure. When high-temperature gas, flame, and solid particles enter through the air inlet, they first collide with the corresponding first baffle and are forcibly deflected. Subsequently, the gas flows along the second direction towards the side where the outlet is located. During this process, the gas is again blocked by the second baffle, undergoing a secondary deflection, and finally exits through the outlet. This structure creates an approximately V-shaped tortuous channel for the gas inside the flame arrester, significantly extending the actual flow distance, increasing the contact area between the gas and the flame arrester wall, increasing the resistance to flame propagation, and effectively promoting heat conduction and flame quenching. At the same time, solid particles have inertia; when the flow direction changes frequently, their trajectory cannot completely follow the airflow change, and they will collide with the first and second baffles due to inertia, with each collision consuming their kinetic energy. After multiple bends, the velocity of the solid particles is significantly reduced, eventually losing the ability to continue moving forward and remaining inside the flame arrestor. This effectively filters and intercepts combustible solid particles, preventing them from being ejected by the airflow and igniting surrounding components to a certain extent. Furthermore, this path extension mechanism is primarily achieved through space utilization in the first direction, rather than increasing the structural length in the second direction. This helps reduce the space occupied by the flame arrestor in the length direction of the housing, reserving more space for the battery module and increasing the energy density of the battery pack.

[0027] In one possible implementation, each first baffle extends from the corresponding air inlet along the direction of gravity and is tilted toward the side where the air outlet is located; each second baffle extends from the corresponding air outlet along the direction of gravity and is tilted toward the side where the air inlet is located.

[0028] Since both the first and second baffles extend along the direction of gravity and have a specific tilt angle, the solid particles of flammable components carried in the ejected gas can slide naturally down the surfaces of the first and second baffles under the action of gravity after impacting them, and collect at the bottom of the flame arrestor. This further prevents the solid particles from being ejected with the airflow and igniting the surrounding components, thus improving the overall safety of the battery pack.

[0029] Secondly, this application provides a battery pack, including a housing, a battery module, a flame arrester, and an explosion-proof valve; the housing has an accommodating space, and the battery module is located within the accommodating space; the flame arrester is fixed to the inner wall of the housing, and the flame arrester includes a shell and a plurality of first baffles located inside the shell; the shell has a plurality of air inlets and a plurality of air outlets communicating with its own internal space, the plurality of air inlets and the plurality of air outlets being alternately distributed along a first direction, and the plurality of air inlets communicating with the accommodating space; the plurality of first baffles correspond one-to-one with the plurality of air inlets, each first baffle being connected to the inner wall of the shell at the corresponding air inlet, and the extension direction of the first baffle intersects the axial direction of the air inlet; the explosion-proof valve is fixed to the outer wall of the housing and is disposed opposite to the flame arrester, and the air inlet of the explosion-proof valve is connected to the air outlet.

[0030] By intersecting the axial direction of the air inlet with the extension direction of the first baffle, high-temperature gas, flames, and solid particles injected from the air inlet directly impact the first baffle. This impact rapidly dissipates their kinetic energy and forces the airflow direction to deflect, changing from a straight jet to a circumferential flow. This process not only disperses the concentrated airflow but also significantly extends its flow path within the flame arrestor, causing the flames and sparks to collide and rub against the structural components more frequently, thus achieving efficient cooling and quenching. Simultaneously, solid particles, due to inertia, impact and adhere to the first baffle or the inner wall of the outer shell, greatly reducing the risk of high-temperature combustibles being directly ejected from the casing and igniting surrounding components, leading to a secondary fire.

[0031] In one possible implementation, the flame arrester further includes a plurality of second baffles located inside the housing, each of the second baffles corresponding to a plurality of vent holes. Each second baffle is connected to the inner wall of the housing at the corresponding vent hole, and the extension direction of the second baffle intersects the axial direction of the vent hole.

[0032] Because the air inlets and outlets are alternately arranged in the first direction, multiple first baffles and multiple second baffles corresponding to them are staggered in the first direction, thus forming a spatially interlaced blocking structure. When high-temperature gas, flame, and solid particles enter through the air inlet, they first collide with the corresponding first baffle and are forcibly deflected. Subsequently, the gas flows along the second direction towards the side where the outlet is located. During this process, the gas is again blocked by the second baffle, undergoing a secondary deflection, and finally exits through the outlet. This structure creates an approximately V-shaped tortuous channel for the gas inside the flame arrester, significantly extending the actual flow distance, increasing the contact area between the gas and the flame arrester wall, increasing the resistance to flame propagation, and effectively promoting heat conduction and flame quenching. At the same time, solid particles have inertia; when the flow direction changes frequently, their trajectory cannot completely follow the airflow change, and they will collide with the first and second baffles due to inertia, with each collision consuming their kinetic energy. After multiple bends, the velocity of the solid particles is significantly reduced, eventually losing the ability to continue moving forward and remaining inside the flame arrestor. This effectively filters and intercepts combustible solid particles, preventing them from being ejected by the airflow and igniting surrounding components to a certain extent. Furthermore, this path extension mechanism is primarily achieved through space utilization in the first direction, rather than increasing the structural length in the second direction. This helps reduce the space occupied by the flame arrestor in the length direction of the housing, reserving more space for the battery module and increasing the energy density of the battery pack.

[0033] In one possible implementation, each first baffle extends from the corresponding air inlet along the direction of gravity and is tilted toward the side where the air outlet is located; each second baffle extends from the corresponding air outlet along the direction of gravity and is tilted toward the side where the air inlet is located.

[0034] Since both the first and second baffles extend along the direction of gravity and have a specific tilt angle, the solid particles of flammable components carried in the ejected gas can slide naturally down the surfaces of the first and second baffles under the action of gravity after impacting them, and collect at the bottom of the flame arrestor. This further prevents the solid particles from being ejected with the airflow and igniting the surrounding components, thus improving the overall safety of the battery pack.

[0035] Thirdly, this application provides an energy storage device, including a battery pack of any of the above, wherein multiple battery packs are stacked.

[0036] The energy storage device provided in this application includes the aforementioned battery pack. Therefore, the energy storage device provided in this application and the battery pack of the aforementioned technical solution can solve the same technical problem and have the same technical effect, which will not be elaborated here. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the framework structure of a photovoltaic system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery pack provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 An exploded view of the battery pack is shown.

[0040] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of a fire-arresting component provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of another fire-arresting component provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of another fire-arresting component provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0043] Figure 7 This is a structural schematic diagram of a fire arrestor provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another fire-arresting component provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 9 This is a structural schematic diagram of another fire-arresting component provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0046] Figure 10 yes Figure 9 A cross-sectional view at A-A'.

[0047] Figure label:

[0048] 110 - Photovoltaic array; 120 - Power converter; 130 - Power grid; 140 - External load; 150 - Energy storage device; 10 - Battery pack; 100 - Cabinet;

[0049] 200 - Battery module; 300 - Flame arrester; 301 - Housing; 302 - Separator; K1 - First cavity; K2 - Second cavity; K3 - Third cavity;

[0050] P - Air inlet; Q - Air outlet; 400 - Explosion-proof valve; K21 - First sub-cavity; K22 - Second sub-cavity; 302A - First partition plate;

[0051] 302B - Second partition; M1 - First through hole; M2 - Second through hole; M3 - Third through hole; 500 - First baffle; 600 - Second baffle;

[0052] F1 - First connecting hole; F2 - Second connecting hole; 700 - Connector; P1 - First air inlet; P2 - Second air inlet; Z - First direction;

[0053] X - Second direction; 3011 - First plate; 3012 - Second plate; 3013 - Side plate; 3014 - Fixing part. Detailed Implementation

[0054] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them.

[0055] In this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish different technical features or components, and do not indicate any priority or importance among these features, nor do they imply the number of technical features involved. Therefore, technical features described with "first," "second," etc., should be understood to include one or more.

[0056] In this application, unless otherwise expressly stated and limited, "multiple" means two or more.

[0057] Furthermore, in this application, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or illustration. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of terms such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0058] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this application, in order to clearly express different structural elements, solid structures such as parts and components are represented by guide lines, openings and holes are represented by broken lines, and hollow structures such as spaces and cavities are identified by guide lines with arrows.

[0059] Figure 1 This diagram illustrates a framework structure of a photovoltaic system, such as... Figure 1As shown, the photovoltaic system includes a photovoltaic array 110, a power converter 120, a power grid 130, an external load 140, and an energy storage device 150. The power converter 120 integrates a DC / DC conversion circuit and a DC / AC conversion circuit. The energy storage device 150 can be located between the DC / DC conversion circuit and the DC / AC conversion circuit. The electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic array 110 is boosted or bucked by the DC / DC conversion circuit to charge the energy storage device 150. When the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic array 110 is insufficient to supply power to the power grid 130 / external load 140, the electrical energy stored in the energy storage device 150 can be transferred to the power grid 130 / external load 140 via the DC / AC conversion circuit within the power converter 120. Conversely, the energy storage device 150 can also receive power from the power grid 130. The AC power output from the power grid 130 is converted to DC power by the DC / AC conversion circuit and then transmitted to the energy storage device 150, thus charging the energy storage device 150. Alternatively, the power converter 120 may only include a DC / AC conversion circuit, while the energy storage device 150 may have a built-in DC / DC conversion circuit, and the energy storage device 150 may directly receive the DC power generated by the photovoltaic array 110.

[0060] In some embodiments, the energy storage device 150 may include multiple battery packs stacked together to form a modular, high-density energy storage unit.

[0061] For a clearer illustration of the battery pack structure, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 2 and Figure 3 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery pack provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 yes Figure 2 An exploded view of the battery pack is shown. The battery pack 10 may include a housing 100 having accommodating space C for housing and protecting internal core components.

[0062] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the battery pack 10 may further include a battery module 200, which is located within the accommodating space C of the housing 100. The battery module 200 is composed of multiple battery cells and serves as the core energy unit of the battery pack 10, undertaking the main tasks of energy storage and charging / discharging of the system.

[0063] During operation, to ensure the safe and stable operation of the battery pack 10, it needs to be waterproof and dustproof, meaning it theoretically needs to be completely sealed. However, even in a completely sealed state, if an abnormal thermal runaway occurs inside the battery pack 10, such as a short circuit, overcharging, or over-discharging, a large amount of high-temperature, high-pressure gas will be generated and accumulated, accompanied by the ejection of solid particles containing flammable components. If this pressure and ejected material cannot be released in time, it can easily cause a rapid increase in internal pressure of the battery pack 10, leading to an explosion.

[0064] To solve the above problems, please refer to... Figure 2 and Figure 3 The battery pack 10 may be equipped with an explosion-proof valve 400, which is fixed to the outer wall of the housing 100, and the air inlet of the explosion-proof valve 400 is connected to the accommodating space C of the housing 100. When the pressure inside the battery pack 10 rises sharply due to thermal runaway or other reasons and reaches a preset critical value, the explosion-proof valve 400 can automatically open to achieve rapid pressure relief, effectively preventing the structure of the housing 100 from cracking and ensuring the safety of the battery pack 10.

[0065] However, while the explosion-proof valve 400 in the battery pack 10 releases high-pressure gas during the depressurization process, it also directly sprays high-temperature flames, sparks, and solid particles carrying flammable components into the external environment. These high-temperature projectiles have high ignition energy and can easily ignite surrounding cables, structural components, or adjacent battery packs 10, leading to external fires and causing serious secondary fire accidents that threaten the overall safety of the battery pack 10.

[0066] In response to the above problems, such as Figure 3 As shown, the battery pack 10 in this embodiment is also provided with a flame arrester 300, which is fixed to the inner wall of the housing 100 and is disposed opposite to the explosion-proof valve 400.

[0067] To see the structure of the flame arrester 300 more clearly, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of a flame arrester provided in an embodiment of this application. The flame arrester 300 in the battery pack 10 may include a housing 301 and a plurality of partitions 302 disposed inside the housing 301. The plurality of partitions 302 divide the interior of the housing 301 into a first cavity K1, a second cavity K2, and a third cavity K3 that are connected in sequence. The first cavity K1 and the second cavity K2 are arranged along a first direction (Z direction), and the first cavity K1 and the third cavity K3 are arranged along a second direction (X direction). The first direction (Z direction) and the second direction (X direction) intersect. For example, the first direction (Z direction) and the second direction (X direction) are perpendicular to each other.

[0068] The phrase "the first direction (Z direction) is perpendicular to the second direction (X direction)" in this application is not limited to a strict 90° angle. In practical applications, there may be certain manufacturing or assembly errors. For example, any angle between 88° and 92° is considered to be approximately perpendicular.

[0069] like Figure 4 As shown, the outer shell 301 of the flame arrester 300 may have an air inlet P and an air outlet Q. The air inlet P connects the accommodating space C with the first cavity K1, and the air outlet Q connects with the third cavity K3. The air inlet of the explosion-proof valve 400 may be connected to the air outlet Q.

[0070] In this embodiment, by providing multiple partitions 302 in the outer shell 301 of the flame arrester 300, the interior of the outer shell 301 is divided into a first cavity K1, a second cavity K2, and a third cavity K3 that are connected in sequence, thereby guiding gas to flow through each cavity in sequence. Since the first cavity K1 and the second cavity K2 are arranged along the first direction (Z direction), while the first cavity K1 and the third cavity K3 are arranged along the second direction (X direction), the gas flow path forms an approximately V-shaped tortuous channel.

[0071] Specifically, when thermal runaway occurs inside the battery pack 10 and pressure is released through the explosion-proof valve 400, high-temperature gas, flames, and solid particles carrying flammable components first enter the first cavity K1 through the air inlet P. Subsequently, these gases enter the second cavity K2 along the first direction (Z direction), and then reverse back along the first direction (Z direction) into the third cavity K3, finally exiting through the air outlet Q to the explosion-proof valve 400. This multi-directional flow path design significantly extends the gas travel distance. Due to the longer path, the flames and sparks continuously collide and rub against the partition 302 and the inner wall of the outer casing 301 multiple times during propagation, enhancing heat exchange efficiency and allowing heat to dissipate rapidly. At the same time, the approximately V-shaped tortuous fluid structure increases the flame propagation resistance, effectively preventing flames and sparks from directly exiting the casing 100 and causing external fire.

[0072] Furthermore, solid particles possess inertia. When the flow direction changes frequently, their trajectory cannot completely follow the airflow. They may detach from the main flow due to inertial impacts at the edge of the baffle 302 or at the corner of the cavity, adhering to the wall or depositing in the corner. Each impact consumes their kinetic energy. After multiple changes of direction, the velocity of the solid particles decreases significantly, eventually losing the ability to continue moving forward and remaining inside the flame arrestor 300. This effectively filters and intercepts combustible solid particles, preventing them from being ejected with the airflow and igniting surrounding components.

[0073] Compared to a straight-through flow channel structure that extends only in a single direction, this application achieves a significant extension of the gas path through a spatial layout in at least two directions without significantly increasing the external dimensions of the flame arrestor 300. This enables cooling, flame extinguishing, and solid particle filtration functions, reduces the space occupied by the flame arrestor 300, and thus improves the space utilization of the battery pack 10.

[0074] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the second cavity K2 includes a first sub-cavity K21 and a second sub-cavity K22 arranged and connected along the second direction (X direction). The first sub-cavity K21 is arranged and connected to the first cavity K1 along the first direction (Z direction), and the second sub-cavity K22 is arranged and connected to the third cavity K3 along the first direction (Z direction).

[0075] With this design, after the gas enters the first cavity K1, it first flows into the first sub-cavity K21 connected to it along the first direction (Z direction), then flows laterally into the second sub-cavity K22 along the second direction (X direction), and then turns back along the first direction (Z direction) into the third cavity K3, finally exiting through the vent Q. This path forms an approximately U-shaped flow channel. When the gas flows through the flame arrestor 300, it needs to undergo multiple 90° or near-90° directional turns, further extending the gas flow path. During these multiple turns, the high-temperature flame and sparks frequently collide and rub against the partition 302 and the inner wall of the outer shell 301, resulting in rapid heat dissipation. This continuous heat exchange process causes the flame temperature to gradually decrease, effectively suppressing flame propagation and achieving efficient quenching. Furthermore, the tortuous fluid channel structure significantly increases the local resistance to gas flow, effectively preventing flames and sparks from directly exiting the housing 100 and causing external ignition. In addition, solid particles have inertia. During multiple sharp turns, their trajectory cannot completely follow the airflow. They will be separated from the mainstream due to inertial impact at the edge of the partition 302 or the corner of the cavity, and will adhere to the wall or be deposited in the corner. They will eventually be effectively trapped inside the flame arrestor 300 to prevent them from being sprayed out with the airflow and igniting the surrounding components.

[0076] It should be understood that in the above embodiment, the multiple partitions 302 dividing the interior of the outer shell 301 into a first cavity K1, a first sub-cavity K21, a second sub-cavity K22, and a third cavity K3 (i.e., four connected cavities) is only one implementation method of this application. Without departing from the technical concept of this application, the number and arrangement of the partitions 302 can be flexibly adjusted according to actual fire-resistant requirements, for example, dividing to form three, five, six, or more sequentially connected cavity structures.

[0077] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the multiple baffles 302 may include a first baffle 302A and a second baffle 302B, wherein the first baffle 302A intersects a first direction (Z direction), and the second baffle 302B intersects a second direction (X direction). For example, the first baffle 302A is perpendicular to the first direction (Z direction), and the second baffle 302B is perpendicular to the second direction (X direction), that is, a cross-shaped structure is formed between the first baffle 302A and the second baffle 302B. This cross-shaped structure forces the gas to undergo multiple 90° or near-90° directional changes when flowing through the flame arrester 300, forming a complex tortuous channel and significantly extending the gas flow path.

[0078] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of another fire-retardant provided in an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 5As shown, the first partition 302A has multiple first through holes M1 and multiple second through holes M2. The multiple first through holes M1 and multiple second through holes M2 are located on both sides of the second partition 302B, respectively. The multiple first through holes M1 connect the first cavity K1 and the first sub-cavity K21, and the multiple second through holes M2 connect the third cavity K3 and the second sub-cavity K22.

[0079] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of another fire-retardant provided in an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 6 As shown, the second partition 302B has multiple third through holes M3, and the first sub-cavity K21 and the second sub-cavity K22 are connected through the multiple third through holes M3.

[0080] By setting multiple through holes on the partition 302, effective gas communication between different cavities is achieved, ensuring the unobstructed pressure relief path. Furthermore, when thermal runaway occurs in the battery pack 10, and high-temperature gas carrying flames and combustible particles enters the flame arrestor 300, the multiple through holes disperse the originally concentrated high-pressure airflow into multiple fine sparks, significantly reducing the jet impact force and thus weakening the flame intensity, making it easier to extinguish. In addition, sparks and combustible solid particles, when passing through narrow channels, are difficult to completely follow the airflow direction due to inertia, and are prone to frequent collisions with the hole walls and adhesion, thus being effectively trapped. Particles larger than the through hole diameter are directly blocked and cannot pass through, achieving physical sieving filtration.

[0081] In this embodiment of the application, the diameter of the first through hole M1 is larger than the diameter of the third through hole M3, and the diameter of the third through hole M3 is larger than the diameter of the second through hole M2.

[0082] The diameter of the first through-hole M1 is larger than that of the third through-hole M3, and the diameter of the third through-hole M3 is larger than that of the second through-hole M2, thus forming a gradually decreasing through-hole structure along the gas flow direction. The large holes at the front end of the airflow direction ensure smooth pressure relief and reduce back pressure, while the gradually decreasing diameters in the middle and rear sections enable flame cutting and solid particle interception. This balances pressure relief efficiency with flame-arresting reliability, effectively preventing sparks and combustible materials from igniting external fires and avoiding secondary disasters.

[0083] In some embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of the first through hole M1, the second through hole M2, or the third through hole M3 is at least one of a circle, an ellipse, a rhombus, or a rectangle.

[0084] It should be understood that the cross-sectional shapes of the first through hole M1, the second through hole M2, and the third through hole M3 are not limited to the forms listed above, and can also be other geometric shapes, such as triangles, squares, hexagons, sectors, or irregular shapes, as long as they can achieve gas communication between adjacent cavities and meet the technical requirements of the flame arrester in terms of pressure relief smoothness, flame quenching capability, and particle interception performance. Furthermore, the first through hole M1, the second through hole M2, and the third through hole M3 can each adopt the same shape, or they can adopt a combination of different shapes. This application does not limit the specific cross-sectional shape of the through holes.

[0085] In the embodiments of this application, such as Figure 3 As shown, the housing 100 in the battery pack 10 has a cuboid structure. The first direction (Z direction) is the height direction of the housing 100, and the second direction (X direction) is the length direction of the housing 100; and the battery module 200 and the flame arrester 300 are arranged along the second direction (X direction), that is, along the length direction of the housing 100.

[0086] Because the battery module 200 and the flame arrester 300 are arranged along the length of the housing 100, and the first sub-cavity K21 and the second sub-cavity K22 are also arranged along the length of the housing 100, while the first sub-cavity K21 and the first cavity K1, and the second sub-cavity K22 and the third cavity K3 are aligned and connected along the height of the housing 100, this causes the gas flow path to alternate between the length and height of the housing 100, forming a spatially tortuous channel. Specifically, after the gas enters from the first cavity K1, it first flows into the first sub-cavity K21 along the height direction, then flows laterally along the length direction to the second sub-cavity K22, and finally returns along the height direction to the third cavity K3 for discharge. In this way, a longer path can be bypassed without extending the structure along the length of the housing 100. This significantly reduces the space occupied by the flame arrester 300 along the length of the housing 100 while ensuring that the flame arrester 300 has a sufficiently long gas flow path and efficient flame arresting performance, thereby improving the space utilization and capacity of the battery pack 10.

[0087] Figure 7 This is a structural schematic diagram of a fire-arresting component provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 8 This is a structural schematic diagram of another fire-arresting component provided in an embodiment of this application. (Combined with...) Figure 7 and Figure 8 The outer shell 301 of the flame arrester 300 may include a first plate 3011 and a second plate 3012 disposed opposite to each other along a second direction (X direction), and a plurality of side plates 3013 for connecting the first plate 3011 and the second plate 3012; the first plate 3011 is closer to the battery module 200 relative to the second plate 3012, and the second plate 3012 has a vent Q.

[0088] like Figure 8 As shown, the air inlet P in the flame arrester 300 may include a first air inlet P1 and a second air inlet P2, wherein the first air inlet P1 is located on the first plate 3011, the second air inlet P2 is located on at least one side plate 3013, and both the first air inlet P1 and the second air inlet P2 are connected to the first cavity K1.

[0089] By simultaneously providing air inlets P on the first plate 3011 and the side plate 3013, the effective air intake area between the flame arrester 300 and the battery module 200 is expanded. When the battery pack 10 experiences thermal runaway and a sudden increase in internal pressure, high-temperature gas can simultaneously enter the first cavity K1 from multiple directions, avoiding the flow restriction caused by a single air inlet, increasing the air intake flow rate per unit time, and improving the system's response speed. In addition, compared to a single-sided air intake design, a local high-pressure zone is easily formed in the air intake area during high-pressure discharge, which may cause deformation of the outer casing 301. This application, through multi-directional air intake, disperses the concentrated airflow to multiple air inlets P, significantly reducing the pressure peak on the air intake side and improving the overall stability of the flame arrester 300.

[0090] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 The outer shell 301 of the flame arrester 300 also includes a fixing part 3014 connected to the second plate 3012, and the plane where the fixing part 3014 is located coincides with the plane where the second plate 3012 is located.

[0091] For example, the fixing part 3014 can be integrally formed with the second plate 3012, for example, by processes such as stamping, bending or injection molding. The integrated design enhances the overall structural strength and rigidity of the housing 301 and improves the reliability of the flame arrester 300.

[0092] In some embodiments, there are two fixing parts 3014, and the two fixing parts 3014 are distributed on both sides of the second plate 3012 along the width direction Y of the box 100.

[0093] By setting fixing parts 3014 on both sides of the second plate 3012 and distributing them along the width direction Y of the box 100, the impact force from the fire arrester 300 and the outside can be effectively dispersed and evenly transmitted, thereby enhancing the stability and rigidity of the overall structure.

[0094] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 3 , Figure 7 and Figure 8The fixing part 3014 in the outer casing 301 may have multiple first connecting holes F1, and the housing 100 has multiple second connecting holes F2. The multiple first connecting holes F1 and multiple second connecting holes F2 correspond one-to-one, and each first connecting hole F1 is connected to its corresponding second connecting hole F2. The battery pack 10 also includes a connector 700 for connecting the first connecting holes F1 and the second connecting holes F2. Here, "one-to-one correspondence" means that each first connecting hole F1 uniquely matches one second connecting hole F2 in spatial position; the two are equal in number and arranged in the same manner, allowing for precise alignment during installation to form an independent connection channel. For example, each fixing part 3014 has three first connecting holes F1, and the three first connecting holes F1 are arranged sequentially along the height direction of the housing 100.

[0095] In some embodiments, the connector 700 may be a screw, bolt, rivet, or pin, etc., and this application does not make specific limitations.

[0096] By providing multiple first connection holes F1 on the fixing part 3014 of the outer casing 301 and configuring corresponding second connection holes F2 in equal numbers on the housing 100, the two are securely connected by the connector 700. This ensures high-precision positioning and reliable connection between the flame arrestor 300 and the housing 100. This not only simplifies the installation process and improves assembly efficiency, but also effectively enhances the sealing and vibration resistance of the connection interface, thereby significantly improving the overall structural stability of the battery pack 10.

[0097] Figure 9 This is a structural schematic diagram of another fire-arresting component provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 10 yes Figure 9 A cross-sectional view at A-A'. The battery pack 10 also includes a plurality of first baffles 500, and multiple air inlets P, with each first baffle 500 corresponding one-to-one with a single air inlet P. "One-to-one correspondence" here means that the number of first baffles 500 is equal to the number of air inlets P, and each first baffle 500 is uniquely associated with one air inlet P in terms of spatial location and function. Specifically, each first baffle 500 is connected to the inner wall of the housing 301 at its corresponding air inlet P, and the extending direction of each first baffle 500 intersects the axial direction of the corresponding air inlet P. That is, the orthographic projection of the first baffle 500 on the target plane at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the corresponding air inlet P on the target plane. This target plane is the plane containing the wall surface of the housing 301 where the air inlets P are located.

[0098] By intersecting the axial direction of the air inlet P with the extension direction of the first baffle 500, high-temperature gas, flames, and solid particles injected from the air inlet P first directly impact the first baffle 500. This impact rapidly dissipates their kinetic energy and forces the airflow direction to deflect, changing from a straight jet to a circumferential flow. This process not only disperses the concentrated airflow but also significantly extends its flow path inside the flame arrestor 300, causing the flames and sparks to collide and rub against the structural components more frequently, thus being efficiently cooled and extinguished. At the same time, solid particles will impact and adhere to the first baffle 500 or the inner wall of the outer casing 301 due to inertia, greatly reducing the risk of high-temperature combustibles being directly ejected from the housing 100 and igniting surrounding components, leading to a secondary fire.

[0099] In some embodiments, such as Figure 10 As shown, there are multiple vents Q, and the multiple vents Q and multiple inlets P are alternately distributed along the first direction (Z direction); the battery pack 10 also includes multiple second baffles 600, each of which corresponds one-to-one with a vent Q; "one-to-one correspondence" here means that the number of second baffles 600 is equal to the number of vents Q, and each second baffle 600 is uniquely associated with one vent Q in terms of spatial position and function. Specifically, each second baffle 600 is connected to the inner wall of the housing 301 at the corresponding vent Q, and the extending direction of the second baffle 600 intersects the axial direction of the vent Q.

[0100] Because the air inlet P and air outlet Q are alternately arranged in the first direction (Z direction), the multiple first baffles 500 and multiple second baffles 600 corresponding to them are staggered in the first direction (Z direction), thus forming a spatially staggered blocking structure. When high-temperature gas, flame, and solid particles enter through the air inlet P, they first collide with the corresponding first baffle 500 and are forcibly deflected. Subsequently, the gas flows along the second direction (X direction) towards the side where the air outlet Q is located. During this process, the gas is again blocked by the second baffle 600, undergoes a secondary deflection, and finally exits through the air outlet Q. This structure causes the gas to form an approximately V-shaped tortuous channel inside the flame arrestor 300, significantly extending the actual flow distance, increasing the contact area between the gas and the wall of the flame arrestor 300, increasing the resistance to flame propagation, and effectively promoting heat conduction and flame quenching. Meanwhile, solid particles possess inertia. When the flow direction changes frequently, their trajectory cannot completely follow the airflow change. They will collide with the first baffle 500 and the second baffle 600 due to inertia, and each collision consumes their kinetic energy. After multiple bends, the velocity of the solid particles is significantly reduced, and they eventually lose the ability to continue moving forward, remaining inside the flame arrestor 300. This effectively filters and intercepts combustible solid particles, preventing them from being ejected with the airflow and igniting surrounding components to a certain extent. In addition, this path extension mechanism is mainly achieved through the utilization of space in the first direction (Z direction), rather than increasing the structural length in the second direction (X direction). This helps to reduce the space occupied by the flame arrestor 300 in the length direction of the housing 100, reserving more space for the battery module 200 and improving the energy density of the battery pack 10.

[0101] In some embodiments, such as Figure 10 As shown, each first baffle 500 extends from the corresponding air inlet P along the direction of gravity and is inclined toward the side where the air outlet Q is located; each second baffle 600 extends from the corresponding air outlet Q along the direction of gravity and is inclined toward the side where the air inlet P is located.

[0102] Since both the first baffle 500 and the second baffle 600 extend along the direction of gravity and have a specific tilt angle, the solid particles of flammable components carried in the ejected gas can naturally slide down the surfaces of the first baffle 500 and the second baffle 600 under the action of gravity after impacting them, and collect at the bottom of the flame arrestor 300. This further prevents the solid particles from being ejected with the airflow and igniting the surrounding components, thus improving the overall safety of the battery pack 10.

[0103] In the description of this specification, specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0104] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A battery pack, characterized in that, This includes the enclosure, battery module, flame arrestor, and explosion-proof valve; The enclosure has a storage space; The battery module is located within the accommodating space; The fire-arresting component is fixed to the inner wall of the box. The fire-arresting component includes an outer shell and a plurality of partitions disposed inside the outer shell. The plurality of partitions divide the interior of the outer shell into a first cavity, a second cavity, and a third cavity that are connected in sequence. The first cavity and the second cavity are arranged along a first direction, and the first cavity and the third cavity are arranged along a second direction. The first direction and the second direction intersect. The outer shell has an air inlet and an air outlet. The air inlet connects the accommodating space with the first cavity, and the air outlet connects with the third cavity. The explosion-proof valve is fixed to the outer wall of the enclosure and is positioned opposite to the flame arrester. The air inlet of the explosion-proof valve is connected to the air outlet.

2. The battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second cavity includes a first sub-cavity and a second sub-cavity arranged and connected along the second direction; The first sub-cavity and the first cavity are arranged and connected along the first direction, and the second sub-cavity and the third cavity are arranged and connected along the first direction.

3. The battery pack according to claim 2, characterized in that, The plurality of partitions includes a first partition and a second partition, wherein the first partition intersects the first direction and the second partition intersects the second direction; The first partition has multiple first through holes and multiple second through holes, which are located on both sides of the second partition. The multiple first through holes connect the first cavity and the first sub-cavity, and the multiple second through holes connect the third cavity and the second sub-cavity. The second partition has multiple third through holes, which connect the first sub-cavity and the second sub-cavity.

4. The battery pack according to claim 3, characterized in that, The diameter of the first through hole is larger than the diameter of the third through hole, and the diameter of the third through hole is larger than the diameter of the second through hole.

5. The battery pack according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The box has a cuboid structure, the second direction is the length direction of the box, and the first direction is the height direction of the box; The battery module and the flame arrester are arranged along the second direction.

6. The battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer casing includes a first plate and a second plate disposed opposite to each other along the second direction, and a plurality of side plates for connecting the first plate and the second plate; the first plate is closer to the battery module relative to the second plate, and the second plate has the vent hole; The air inlet includes a first air inlet and a second air inlet. The first air inlet is located on the first plate, and the second air inlet is located on at least one of the side plates. Both the first air inlet and the second air inlet are connected to the first cavity.

7. The battery pack according to claim 6, characterized in that, The outer casing also includes a fixing part connected to the second plate, and the plane where the fixing part is located coincides with the plane where the second plate is located. The fixing part has a plurality of first connecting holes, and the housing has a plurality of second connecting holes. The plurality of first connecting holes and the plurality of second connecting holes correspond one-to-one, and each first connecting hole is connected to the corresponding second connecting hole. The battery pack also includes a connector for connecting the first connection hole and the second connection hole.

8. The battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery pack also includes a plurality of first baffles, and the air inlet has a plurality of air inlets, with the plurality of first baffles corresponding one-to-one with the plurality of air inlets; Each of the first baffles is connected to the inner wall of the housing at the corresponding air inlet, and the extending direction of the first baffle intersects the axial direction of the air inlet.

9. The battery pack according to claim 8, characterized in that, The air outlet has multiple air outlets, and the multiple air inlets and air outlets are alternately distributed along the first direction; The battery pack also includes a plurality of second baffles, each of which corresponds to a plurality of air vents. Each of the second baffles is connected to the inner wall of the housing at the corresponding air outlet, and the extending direction of the second baffle intersects the axial direction of the air outlet.

10. The battery pack according to claim 9, characterized in that, Each of the first baffles extends from the corresponding air inlet along the direction of gravity and is inclined toward the side where the air outlet is located; each of the second baffles extends from the corresponding air outlet along the direction of gravity and is inclined toward the side where the air inlet is located.

11. A battery pack, characterized in that, This includes the enclosure, battery module, flame arrestor, and explosion-proof valve; The housing has an accommodating space, and the battery module is located within the accommodating space; The fire-arresting component is fixed to the inner wall of the box, and the fire-arresting component includes an outer shell and a plurality of first baffles located inside the outer shell; The outer shell has multiple air inlets and multiple air outlets communicating with its internal space. The multiple air inlets and multiple air outlets are alternately distributed, and the multiple air inlets are communicating with the accommodating space. The multiple first baffles correspond one-to-one with the multiple air inlets. Each first baffle is connected to the inner wall of the outer shell at the corresponding air inlet, and the extending direction of the first baffle intersects the axial direction of the air inlet. The explosion-proof valve is fixed to the outer wall of the enclosure and is positioned opposite to the flame arrester. The air inlet of the explosion-proof valve is connected to the air outlet.

12. The battery pack according to claim 11, characterized in that, The flame arrester also includes a plurality of second baffles located inside the housing. The plurality of second baffles correspond one-to-one with the plurality of vent holes. Each second baffle is connected to the inner wall of the housing at the corresponding vent hole, and the extending direction of the second baffle intersects the axial direction of the vent hole.

13. The battery pack according to claim 12, characterized in that, Each of the first baffles extends from the corresponding air inlet along the direction of gravity and is inclined toward the side where the air outlet is located; each of the second baffles extends from the corresponding air outlet along the direction of gravity and is inclined toward the side where the air inlet is located.

14. An energy storage device, characterized in that, The battery pack may include any of the battery packs described in any one of claims 1-10, or may include any of the battery packs described in any one of claims 11-13, wherein the battery packs are stacked together.

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