An integrated antenna structure

Abstract

The embodiment of the utility model relates to the field of antenna, especially relates to a kind of integrated antenna structure, comprising: pedestal, located the top of threaded support rod, the pedestal is provided with multiple antenna main bodies;The multiple antenna main bodies at least include at least two kinds in GPS antenna, V2X antenna, 5G antenna;Upper cover, with the detachable connection of the pedestal, cooperate pedestal and constitute the closed structure containing the antenna main body;The threaded support rod, with the bottom communication, inside is hollow structure;Coaxial cable, located the hollow structure in the threaded support rod, one end of the coaxial cable is connected with vehicle-mounted equipment, and the other end is connected with the antenna main body.This embodiment is by the complex wiring of multiple device antennas is integrated into a structure, simplifies the wiring layout of vehicle-mounted antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of this utility model relate to the field of antennas, and particularly to an integrated antenna structure. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of intelligent connected vehicles, autonomous driving has become a hot topic and trend in industry research and development. GPS (including Beidou), 5G, and V2X communication are essential hardware devices for realizing autonomous driving solutions. The communication function of these devices with the outside world relies on antennas, so each device needs to be equipped with a dedicated antenna. However, due to the limited space on the roof of the vehicle, the installation and wiring of multiple antennas becomes cumbersome and complicated.

[0003] Therefore, existing technologies urgently need a solution to address the problems of installing multiple devices and antennas and the cumbersome wiring. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide an integrated antenna structure that integrates at least two of the following antennas—GPS, 5G, and V2X—into one structure, thereby simplifying the wiring layout of vehicle antennas by consolidating the complex routing of multiple device antennas into one structure.

[0005] This application provides an integrated antenna structure, including: a base located at the top of a threaded support rod, on which multiple antenna bodies are disposed; the multiple antenna bodies include at least two of the following: a GPS antenna, a V2X antenna, and a 5G antenna; a top cover detachably connected to the base, which, together with the base, forms a closed structure to accommodate the antenna bodies; the threaded support rod communicating with the base and having a hollow internal structure; and a coaxial cable located within the hollow structure of the threaded support rod, one end of which is connected to a vehicle-mounted device, and the other end of which is connected to the antenna body.

[0006] In addition, the multiple antenna bodies described above include: a GPS antenna, multiple V2X antennas, and multiple 5G antennas.

[0007] In addition, as described above, the base is circular, and multiple antenna bodies are evenly distributed on the base; wherein, the multiple V2X antennas and the GPS antenna are located in the central area of ​​the base, and the multiple 5G antennas are located in the peripheral area of ​​the base; the central area and the peripheral area are connected.

[0008] In addition, the multiple 5G antennas described above are in a sheet-like structure, including: a first 5G antenna, a second 5G antenna, a third 5G antenna, a fourth 5G antenna, a fifth 5G antenna, and a sixth 5G antenna; wherein, the first 5G antenna and the second 5G antenna are arranged opposite each other in the peripheral area around the central area; the third 5G antenna and the fourth 5G antenna are arranged opposite each other in the peripheral area around the central area; and the fifth 5G antenna and the sixth 5G antenna are arranged opposite each other in the peripheral area around the central area.

[0009] In addition, as mentioned above, the area of ​​the first 5G antenna is equal to the area of ​​the second 5G antenna; the area of ​​the third 5G antenna is equal to the area of ​​the fourth 5G antenna; the area of ​​the fifth 5G antenna is equal to the area of ​​the sixth 5G antenna; and the area of ​​the first 5G antenna is greater than the area of ​​the third 5G antenna, which is greater than the area of ​​the fifth 5G antenna.

[0010] In addition, as mentioned above, the GPS antenna is a hollow cylindrical structure.

[0011] In addition, as described above, there is a cylindrical filling structure in the hollow area corresponding to the GPS antenna, and the filling structure is at the same height as the GPS antenna; the plurality of V2X antennas are arranged on the top surface of the filling structure.

[0012] Additionally, the plurality of V2X antennas described above include: a first V2X antenna and a second V2X antenna; the first V2X antenna and the second V2X antenna are disposed opposite to each other on the top surface of the filling structure. In addition, as described above, a preset groove is left on the wall of the threaded support rod, and one end of the coaxial cable extends through the preset groove to the outside of the threaded support rod and connects to the vehicle-mounted equipment.

[0013] In addition, as described above, one end of the coaxial cable connected to the vehicle-mounted device is crimped with a Fabry-Perot connector, and the coaxial cable is connected to the vehicle-mounted device through the Fabry-Perot connector. Attached Figure Description

[0014] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with reference numerals in the accompanying drawings. These illustrations do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Elements with the same reference numerals in the drawings are denoted as similar elements. Unless otherwise stated, the figures in the drawings are not to be limited by scale.

[0015] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the integrated antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application after the top cover is opened; Figure 2 This is a front view of an integrated antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3This is a top view of the integrated antenna structure provided in one embodiment of this application after the top cover is opened. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this disclosure, and to fully understand and implement the process of how this disclosure applies technical means to solve technical problems and achieve corresponding technical effects, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this disclosure, not all embodiments. The embodiments of this disclosure and the various features within them can be combined with each other without conflict, and the resulting technical solutions are all within the protection scope of this disclosure. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this disclosure without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0017] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this disclosure are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this disclosure described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0018] To address the problems of complex installation and wiring of multiple devices and antennas in existing technologies, this application proposes an integrated antenna structure, mainly for autonomous vehicles, aiming to solve the problems of limited roof space, complex installation of multiple antennas, and complicated wiring.

[0019] The first embodiment of this application provides an integrated antenna structure, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, it includes: The base 1 is located at the top of the threaded support rod 2, and multiple antenna bodies are provided on the base 1; the multiple antenna bodies include at least two of the following: GPS antenna 31, V2X antenna 32, and 5G antenna 33; The top cover 4 is detachably connected to the base 1, and together with the base 1, they form a closed structure that accommodates the antenna body; Threaded support rod 2 is connected to base 1 and has a hollow internal structure; The coaxial cable 5 is located inside the hollow structure of the threaded support rod 2. One end of the coaxial cable 5 extends to the outside of the threaded support rod 2 to connect with the vehicle-mounted equipment, and the other end extends into the base 1 to connect with the antenna body.

[0020] Specifically, the base 1 is located at the top of the threaded support rod 2. The base 1 is usually made of insulating material, which needs to have good resistance to ultraviolet aging and a low dielectric constant to facilitate the transmission of radio frequency signals, while also having sufficient mechanical strength to support the antenna body. Engineering plastics are generally used. The base 1 is fixedly connected to the threaded support rod 2 through an interface at its bottom. The connection method can be a threaded connection: for example, the inner side of the base has internal threads that mate with the external threads of the support rod; or a snap-fit ​​connection: the base has elastic snaps that snap into the grooves of the support rod, or welding, to ensure a sturdy structure. This application does not limit the specific connection method.

[0021] In this embodiment, the main function of the base 1 is to serve as a carrier for all antenna bodies and to provide physical space for deploying the feed network. Specifically, the base 1 is provided with multiple antenna bodies, which include at least two or all of the following: GPS antenna 31, V2X antenna 32, and 5G antenna 33. The antenna bodies can be fixed to the base 1 by embedding, welding, or bonding, and connected to the coaxial cable 5 via microstrip lines or feed points. In addition, to improve electromagnetic shielding performance and reduce mutual interference between antennas, a metal grounding layer, such as copper foil, can be deposited or attached to the inner surface of the base 1 where it contacts the antenna bodies. The shape of the base 1 can be circular, square, or other geometric shapes, and this application does not impose specific limitations on this.

[0022] The top cover 4 and the base 1 are detachably connected, for example by snap-fit, thread, or sealing ring, to form a sealed structure to protect the antenna body from moisture, dust, and physical damage. Specific detachable methods include, but are not limited to: the connection between the top cover and the base is detachable, mainly including: snap-fit ​​connection: hooks are provided on the edge of the base, and corresponding slots are provided on the inner side of the top cover to achieve assembly and disassembly; Threaded connection: The top cover and base edges are fitted with mating threads, which are fixed by rotation, resulting in better sealing. Figure 1 (This example uses a threaded connection, but does not limit the scope of this application.) Furthermore, an annular sealing ring can be provided at the joint between the top cover 4 and the base 1 to improve waterproofing and dustproofing, protecting the internal antenna components. The top cover 4 can be made of an RF transparent material, specifically the same engineering plastic as the base 1, to ensure that it does not affect the transmission of antenna signals.

[0023] The threaded support rod 2 has external threads at its bottom end for fixing the entire antenna structure to the pre-set mounting holes inside the vehicle. The connection between the base 1 and the threaded support rod 2 can be threaded, welded, or integrally formed to ensure structural stability. The threaded support rod 2 has an internal hollow structure, which serves as a wiring channel, allowing the coaxial cable 5 to pass through. The coaxial cable 5 consists of multiple coaxial cables, each corresponding to one antenna body. Alternatively, a multi-core coaxial cable can also be used. One end of the coaxial cable 5 extends to the outside of the threaded support rod, connecting to onboard equipment such as a GPS receiver, 5G modem, or V2X control unit; the other end extends into the base, connecting to the feed point of each antenna body. The coaxial cable 5 is responsible for transmitting radio frequency signals, ensuring signal transmission between each antenna and the onboard equipment while reducing signal loss and interference. It should be noted that this embodiment features a grounding isolation groove on the base PCB, forming a physical isolation zone between different antennas to suppress surface wave interference.

[0024] Compared with related technologies, the embodiments of this application solve the problems of large roof space occupation and complicated wiring when multiple antennas are installed independently by integrating at least two types of antennas such as GPS, 5G, and V2X onto a single base and installing them through a single threaded support rod. Only one drilling and fixing is required on the roof to complete the physical installation of all antennas, which can greatly improve production efficiency and reduce installation costs.

[0025] The second embodiment of this application relates to an integrated antenna structure, which is a refinement of the foregoing embodiment.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, the multiple antenna components include: a GPS antenna 31, multiple V2X antennas 32, and multiple 5G antennas 33.

[0027] Specifically, the antenna body of the integrated antenna structure in this embodiment includes a GPS antenna 32, multiple V2X antennas 32, and multiple 5G antennas 33. This integrated design of the GPS antenna, V2X antenna, and 5G antenna is to adapt to the needs of autonomous driving scenarios. The GPS antenna is used to receive satellite positioning signals; the V2X antenna is used for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, supporting communication between the vehicle and infrastructure, as well as other vehicles; and the 5G antenna is used for 5G mobile communication, providing high-speed data transmission.

[0028] In one example, such as Figure 3 As shown, the base 1 is circular, and multiple antenna bodies are evenly distributed on the base 1; Among them, multiple V2X antennas 32 and GPS antennas 31 are located in the central region 11 of the base 1, and multiple 5G antennas 33 are located in the outer region 12 of the base; the central region 11 and the outer region 12 are connected.

[0029] Specifically, this embodiment uses a circular base as an example to illustrate the structure of this application. The base 1 has a circular structure, which facilitates the uniform placement of the antenna bodies and reduces signal obstruction and interference. Multiple antenna bodies are evenly distributed on the base 1. Specifically, the V2X antenna 32 and GPS antenna 31 are located in the central region 11 of the base 1, while multiple 5G antennas 33 are located in the outer region of the base. The central region 11 is the central part of the circular base 1, and the diameter of the central region 11 accounts for approximately 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the base. This application does not impose specific limitations on this. The outer region 12 is an annular region surrounding the central region 11, and the central region and the outer region are connected to form a continuous layout. This placement method utilizes the central position to optimize the omnidirectional performance of the GPS antenna 31 and V2X antenna 32, while placing the 5G antennas 33 on the periphery to support MIMO beamforming. The antenna bodies are connected through a circuit layer inside the base 1. The circuit layer may include a ground plane and feed lines to ensure signal integrity.

[0030] This embodiment achieves a closer approximation of the ideal omnidirectional radiation pattern by placing the GPS antenna and V2X antenna, which require high omnidirectionality, in the central area. This reduces directional distortion and ensures stable signal reception in any driving direction. Arranging a large number of 5G antennas on the periphery provides the largest possible spatial spacing between them, effectively reducing coupling interference between antennas.

[0031] The third embodiment of this application relates to an integrated antenna structure. This embodiment is a refinement of the foregoing embodiment. The refinement is that the plurality of 5G antennas 33 are in the form of a sheet structure, including: a first 5G antenna 331, a second 5G antenna 332, a third 5G antenna 333, a fourth 5G antenna 334, a fifth 5G antenna 335 and a sixth 5G antenna 336. Among them, the first 5G antenna 331 and the second 5G antenna 332 are arranged opposite each other in the outer area 12 around the central area 11; the third 5G antenna 333 and the fourth 5G antenna 334 are arranged opposite each other in the outer area 12 around the central area 11; and the fifth 5G antenna 335 and the sixth 5G antenna 336 are arranged opposite each other in the outer area 12 around the central area 11.

[0032] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, the 5G antenna 33 has a sheet-like structure, such as a PCB patch antenna design. The relative arrangement refers to the arrangement of the three pairs of antennas: the first 5G antenna 331 and the second 5G antenna 332, the third 5G antenna 333 and the fourth 5G antenna 334, and the fifth 5G antenna 335 and the sixth 5G antenna 336, spaced 180 degrees apart along the diameter of the base. Each pair of antennas is spaced at a certain angle to ensure omnidirectional coverage. The angle of the interval is adjusted according to the number of 5G antennas 33, and can generally be 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees, 75 degrees, 90 degrees, etc. This application does not impose specific limitations on this.

[0033] Furthermore, in order to ensure support for different 5G frequency bands and achieve the function of adapting to different network standards, in another example of this application, the area of ​​the first 5G antenna 331 is equal to the area of ​​the second 5G antenna 332; the area of ​​the third 5G antenna 333 is equal to the area of ​​the fourth 5G antenna 334; and the area of ​​the fifth 5G antenna 335 is equal to the area of ​​the sixth 5G antenna 336. Furthermore, the area of ​​the first 5G antenna 331 is larger than the area of ​​the third 5G antenna 333, which is larger than the area of ​​the fifth 5G antenna 335.

[0034] Specifically, the area differences of the 5G antennas are used to support different 5G frequency bands. The first 5G antenna 331 and the second 5G antenna 332 can be used to match the frequency bands of 700-960M, 1710-2690M, 3.3-4.2G, and 4.4-5G, and are generally used to match low-frequency bands; the third 5G antenna 333 and the fourth 5G antenna 334 have equal areas and can be used to match the frequency bands of 1710-2690M, 3.3-4.2G, and 4.4-5G, and are generally used to match mid-frequency bands; the fifth 5G antenna 335 and the sixth 5G antenna 336 have equal areas and can be used to match the frequency bands of 3.3-4.2G and 4.4-5G, and are generally used to match high-frequency bands, and have smaller areas. In this embodiment, the specific values ​​of the areas of the first 5G antenna 331 and the second 5G antenna 332, the third 5G antenna 333 and the fourth 5G antenna 334, the fifth 5G antenna 335 and the sixth 5G antenna 336 can all be determined by simulation, and this application does not impose specific restrictions on them.

[0035] This embodiment optimizes multi-band performance by adjusting the antenna's resonant frequency through antenna area adjustment. By setting radiating patches of different areas, the integrated antenna can cover multiple core frequency bands of 5G communication, enhancing the product's versatility. Paired relative deployment combined with area differences allows for more efficient arrangement of antenna elements within a limited space, maximizing network speed.

[0036] The fourth embodiment of this application relates to an integrated antenna structure. This embodiment is a refinement of the foregoing embodiments, and the refinement is that the structure and position of the GPS antenna 31 and the V2X antenna 32 are described.

[0037] In one example, such as Figure 3 As shown, the GPS antenna 31 is a hollow cylindrical structure.

[0038] Specifically, the GPS antenna 31 can be a loop microstrip antenna or a helical antenna. The outer diameter and height of the hollow cylindrical structure are designed according to the GPS frequency, and this application does not impose specific limitations on them. The GPS antenna 31 is connected to the coaxial cable 5 through the feed point at the center of the base 1 for signal transmission and reception.

[0039] In another example, such as Figure 1 As shown, a cylindrical filling structure 6 exists within the hollow area corresponding to the GPS antenna 31, and the filling structure 6 is at the same height as the GPS antenna 31; multiple V2X antennas 32 are arranged on the top surface of the filling structure 6.

[0040] Specifically, a cylindrical filling structure 6 is provided within the hollow area of ​​the GPS antenna. The height of the filling structure 6 can be the same as or different from that of the GPS antenna. The filling structure 6 is made of insulating material and is used to support the V2X antenna. The top surface of the filling structure is flat, and multiple V2X antennas 32 are arranged on the top surface. The V2X antennas 32 are connected to the coaxial cable 5 through feed lines inside the filling structure. In addition, to reduce or avoid interference with the GPS signal, an isolation layer can be provided between the V2X antenna and the GPS antenna, that is, between the filling structure 6 and the GPS antenna 31.

[0041] The V2X antenna 32 includes a first V2X antenna and a second V2X antenna, which are arranged on the top surface of the infill structure and positioned opposite each other (i.e., symmetrically arranged 180 degrees along the diameter of the infill structure). Both the first and second V2X antennas are cylindrical structures, which may contain ceramic antenna elements or microstrip circuits to reduce size and enhance performance. The height and diameter of the cylindrical structure are determined according to the V2X frequency band, and it is connected to the coaxial cable 5 via a bottom feed point. The V2X antenna 32 can be a patch antenna or a dipole antenna, operating in the 5.85-5.925 GHz frequency band. Specifically, this application does not impose specific limitations on the antenna type, shape, or operating frequency band of the V2X antenna 32.

[0042] This embodiment utilizes vertical space to stack the V2X antenna and GPS antenna, breaking through the limitations of planar layout. It successfully integrates three antennas within the limited central area of ​​the base, achieving space saving in the antenna structure and ensuring the independence of their respective performance.

[0043] The fifth embodiment of this application relates to an integrated antenna structure. This embodiment is a supplement to the foregoing embodiments, and specifically, it is as follows: The threaded support rod 2 has a pre-set groove on its wall, and one end of the coaxial cable 5 extends through the pre-set groove to the outside of the threaded support rod 2 and connects to the vehicle-mounted equipment.

[0044] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the preset slot 21 can be one or more openings or grooves formed on the side wall of the threaded support rod. This slot can be located in the middle of the threaded support rod or in the unthreaded area near the bottom. The coaxial cable 5 extends downwards inside the threaded support rod 2 to this opening, and then bends radially out from this opening to connect to the vehicle-mounted equipment. The vehicle-mounted equipment is one or more devices using GPS, V2X, or 5G.

[0045] In another example, the end of the coaxial cable 5 that connects to the vehicle-mounted equipment is crimped with a Fabry-Perot connector, and the coaxial cable is connected to the vehicle-mounted equipment through the Fabry-Perot connector.

[0046] Specifically, the FAKRA connector is an automotive-standard RF connector that provides reliable plug-and-play connections and shielding. The FAKRA connector connects to the corresponding port on the vehicle's equipment to ensure stable signal transmission. When the other end of the coaxial cable is connected to the antenna body, soldering or a small connector may be used; this embodiment does not impose specific limitations on this.

[0047] This embodiment uses a Fabry-Perot connector to provide good shielding and impedance matching for radio frequency signals, which can ensure the transmission quality of high-frequency signals from the antenna to the device and reduce signal reflection and loss.

[0048] It should be noted that, in this disclosure, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element limited by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0049] While the embodiments disclosed herein are as described above, the foregoing content is merely for the purpose of facilitating understanding of this disclosure and is not intended to limit this disclosure. Any person skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains may make any modifications and changes in form and detail of the implementation without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure; however, the scope of patent protection of this disclosure shall still be determined by the scope defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. An integrated antenna structure, characterized in that, include: The base is located at the top of the threaded support rod, and multiple antenna bodies are mounted on the base; The plurality of antenna bodies include at least two of the following: GPS antenna, V2X antenna, and 5G antenna. The top cover is detachably connected to the base, and together with the base, they form a closed structure that accommodates the antenna body. The threaded support rod is connected to the base and has a hollow internal structure; A coaxial cable is located inside the hollow structure of the threaded support rod. One end of the coaxial cable is connected to the vehicle-mounted equipment, and the other end is connected to the antenna body.

2. The integrated antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of antenna bodies include: a GPS antenna, a plurality of V2X antennas, and a plurality of 5G antennas.

3. The integrated antenna structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The base is circular, and multiple antenna bodies are evenly distributed on the base. The plurality of V2X antennas and the GPS antenna are located in the central region of the base, and the plurality of 5G antennas are located in the peripheral region of the base; the central region and the peripheral region are connected.

4. The integrated antenna structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The plurality of 5G antennas are in the form of a sheet structure, including: a first 5G antenna, a second 5G antenna, a third 5G antenna, a fourth 5G antenna, a fifth 5G antenna, and a sixth 5G antenna; Specifically, the first 5G antenna and the second 5G antenna are arranged opposite each other in the outer area around the central area; the third 5G antenna and the fourth 5G antenna are arranged opposite each other in the outer area around the central area; and the fifth 5G antenna and the sixth 5G antenna are arranged opposite each other in the outer area around the central area.

5. The integrated antenna structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The area of ​​the first 5G antenna is equal to the area of ​​the second 5G antenna; the area of ​​the third 5G antenna is equal to the area of ​​the fourth 5G antenna; and the area of ​​the fifth 5G antenna is equal to the area of ​​the sixth 5G antenna. The area of ​​the first 5G antenna is larger than the area of ​​the third 5G antenna, which is larger than the area of ​​the fifth 5G antenna.

6. The integrated antenna structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The GPS antenna is a hollow cylindrical structure.

7. The integrated antenna structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The hollow area corresponding to the GPS antenna has a cylindrical filling structure, and the filling structure is at the same height as the GPS antenna. The multiple V2X antennas are arranged on the top surface of the infill structure.

8. The integrated antenna structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The plurality of V2X antennas includes: a first V2X antenna and a second V2X antenna; The first V2X antenna and the second V2X antenna are arranged opposite to each other on the top surface of the filling structure.

9. The integrated antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The threaded support rod has a preset groove on its wall, and one end of the coaxial cable extends through the preset groove to the outside of the threaded support rod and connects to the vehicle-mounted equipment.

10. The integrated antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coaxial cable is crimped with a Fabry-Perot connector at one end, and the coaxial cable is connected to the vehicle-mounted device through the Fabry-Perot connector.

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