An antenna system and communication device

Abstract

This application discloses an antenna system and communication device, wherein the antenna system includes: a mounting component, a vertically polarized antenna, and a horizontally polarized antenna; the vertically polarized antenna covers a first angular domain and a second angular domain, and the horizontally polarized antenna covers the first angular domain; wherein the mounting component is configured to fix the vertically polarized antenna and the horizontally polarized antenna; the vertically polarized antenna is configured to form a dual-beam radiation mode in the vertical direction; and is configured to be superimposed and combined with the horizontally polarized antenna in the first angular domain to form an orthogonal polarized antenna; the horizontally polarized antenna is configured to form a single-beam downtilt mode in the vertical direction, thereby compensating for the beam null of the vertically polarized antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wireless communication, and more particularly to an antenna system and communication device. Background Technology

[0002] In densely populated residential areas, antenna signal coverage is typically achieved through inter-building antenna strikes. When a base station signal is directed at a window at a Brewster angle (θ > 55°), orthogonally polarized waves cannot penetrate the glass due to total internal reflection, resulting in a penetration loss of up to 32 dB. Based on this, related methods employ two different antenna plans to cover the target building, specifically reducing the penetration loss problem on lower floors. However, this method still has some limitations, including a relatively large overall antenna structure, a large number of antenna elements, and weak null signals between beams. Utility Model Content

[0003] To address the aforementioned technical problems, embodiments of this application provide an antenna system and a communication device.

[0004] The antenna system provided in this application includes: a mounting component, a vertically polarized antenna, and a horizontally polarized antenna; the vertically polarized antenna covers a first angular domain and a second angular domain, and the horizontally polarized antenna covers the first angular domain; wherein...

[0005] The mounting component is configured to fix the vertically polarized antenna and the horizontally polarized antenna;

[0006] The vertically polarized antenna is configured to form a dual-beam radiation mode in the vertical direction; and is configured to be superimposed and combined with the horizontally polarized antenna in the first angular domain to form an orthogonal polarized antenna.

[0007] The horizontally polarized antenna is configured to form a single-beam downtilt mode in the vertical direction, thereby compensating for the beam null point of the vertically polarized antenna.

[0008] The communication device provided in this application includes any of the antenna systems described above.

[0009] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the antenna system includes: a mounting component, a vertically polarized antenna, and a horizontally polarized antenna; the vertically polarized antenna covers a first angular domain and a second angular domain, and the horizontally polarized antenna covers the first angular domain; wherein, the mounting component is configured to fix the vertically polarized antenna and the horizontally polarized antenna; the vertically polarized antenna is configured to form a dual-beam radiation mode in the vertical direction; and is configured to be superimposed and combined with the horizontally polarized antenna in the first angular domain to form an orthogonal polarized antenna; the horizontally polarized antenna is configured to form a single-beam downtilt mode in the vertical direction, thereby compensating for the beam null of the vertically polarized antenna. Thus, by using orthogonal polarized antennas combining vertical and horizontal polarized antennas in the upper corner region, high speed can be guaranteed for high-rise buildings. In the lower corner region, only vertical polarized antennas are used to cover areas with large incident angles, enabling signal coverage for lower floors and solving the problem of high penetration loss in lower-rise areas. This balances the communication quality between high and low floors. Furthermore, the overall coverage of the vertical polarized antenna can reduce the complexity of the overall antenna structure and the number of antenna elements. At the same time, the single-beam downtilt mode formed by the horizontal polarized antenna can compensate for the beam nulls of the dual beams of the vertical polarized antenna, optimizing the adaptability of the coverage distance between buildings and solving the problem of path loss differences at different coverage distances. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 These are penetration diagrams of different polarizations provided in embodiments of this application;

[0011] Figure 2A This is a schematic diagram of the layout using a combination of ±45° dual-polarized and vertically polarized antennas provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0012] Figure 2B This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of using a combination structure of ±45° dual-polarized and vertically polarized antennas to solve polarization penetration loss, as provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0013] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an inter-building communication scenario provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0014] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0015] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of inter-building communication using a combination of two polarized antennas, provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0016] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the spotlight antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0017] Figure 7A This is a schematic diagram of the direction of a wide beam in the horizontal direction achieved by using a combination of horizontal and vertical arrays, as provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0018] Figure 7B This is a schematic diagram of the direction of a narrow beam in the horizontal direction achieved by using a combination of horizontal and vertical arrays, as provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0019] Figure 8A This is a schematic diagram of a building-to-building combat scenario within the antenna coverage area when the incident angle is less than 50°, as provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0020] Figure 8B This is a second schematic diagram of a building-to-building combat scenario in the antenna coverage area when the incident angle is less than 50°, provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0021] Figure 8C This is a schematic diagram of a building-to-building combat scenario in the antenna coverage area when the incident angle is greater than or equal to 50°, as provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0022] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the device provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0024] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the relevant technologies of the embodiments of this application are described below. The following relevant technologies are optional solutions and can be combined with the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application in any way, and they all fall within the protection scope of the embodiments of this application.

[0025] Based on the principle of coordinated indoor and outdoor coverage, coverage methods in residential areas can be broadly categorized into four types: macro base station long-distance coverage, macro base station / micro base station near-field coverage, antenna-to-antenna coverage, and in-building distribution coverage. In densely populated areas, inter-building coverage is typically used, with antennas mounted on the rooftops of tall buildings and beams pointing towards opposite buildings. When a base station signal is directed towards a window at a Brewster angle (θ > 55°), orthogonally polarized waves cannot penetrate the glass due to total internal reflection, resulting in a penetration loss as high as 32 dB. For example... Figure 1 The diagram illustrates the penetration characteristics of different polarizations provided in this application embodiment. As the incident angle increases, the penetration of signals parallel to the incident plane remains relatively stable, while the penetration loss of polarized signals perpendicular to the incident plane increases rapidly, leading to a decrease in received signal strength. Therefore, the required antenna polarization differs for users on different floors.

[0026] In high-density high-rise residential areas, traditional ±45° dual-polarized antennas experience rapid attenuation of the polarization component perpendicular to the incident plane in the large incident angle region. Therefore, using only a ±45° dual-polarized antenna is insufficient to solve the polarization penetration loss problem. To address this issue, a combined structure of ±45° dual-polarized and vertically polarized antennas is proposed. The ±45° dual-polarized antenna is used in high-rise areas to maintain high data rate, while the vertically polarized antenna is used in low-rise areas to reduce polarization penetration loss. Figure 2A The diagram shown is a schematic representation of a layout using a combination of ±45° dual-polarized and vertically polarized antennas according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 2B The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the principle of using a combination structure of ±45° dual-polarized and vertically polarized antennas to solve polarization penetration loss, as provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0027] Existing methods employ two antennas with different polarizations to cover the target building. While this can specifically reduce penetration loss on lower floors, separately controlling the two beams increases the overall complexity of the antenna structure, results in a larger number of antenna elements, and leads to weaker signals at the null position between the two beams. Therefore, the technical problems this application aims to solve include:

[0028] (1) Vertical polarization optimization enables high speed for users on high floors and strong coverage for users on low floors.

[0029] (2) Vertical beam matching design to solve the problem of path loss difference for different coverage distances.

[0030] (3) The antenna is designed for low cost, and polarization and scene matching are achieved by using dual channels and low number of elements.

[0031] like Figure 3 The diagram illustrates a scenario of inter-building communication provided in this application embodiment. Most residential buildings employ a "high-to-low" transmission model, with the rooftop antenna aimed at the target building. As the distance between buildings decreases, the angle of incidence becomes steeper on lower floors, making it difficult for signals perpendicular to the incident plane to penetrate glass, resulting in a significant reduction in indoor signal strength. Furthermore, beams with larger angles of incidence cover more floors, thus requiring higher energy allocation.

[0032] To address the aforementioned technical challenges, this application proposes an antenna system that balances signal coverage between high and low floors through polarization synthesis and beam matching. This method is applicable to inter-building communication in various residential scenarios. Specifically, in the vertical dimension, this application utilizes the diversity effect of dual-polarized antennas with equivalent ±45° beamwidths (both horizontal and vertical). The upper angular domain employs orthogonal polarization synthesized from vertical and horizontal polarization to ensure high data rates for higher floors, while the lower angular domain uses vertically polarized antennas to achieve high coverage for lower floors.

[0033] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the technical solutions of this application are described in detail below through specific embodiments. The above-mentioned related technologies are optional solutions and can be arbitrarily combined with the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, all of which fall within the protection scope of the embodiments of this application. The embodiments of this application include at least some of the following contents.

[0034] This application provides an antenna system. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna system provided in the embodiments of this application, as shown below. Figure 4 As shown, the antenna system includes: a mounting component 41, a vertically polarized antenna 42, and a horizontally polarized antenna 43; the vertically polarized antenna 42 covers a first angular domain and a second angular domain, and the horizontally polarized antenna 43 covers the first angular domain; wherein,

[0035] Mounting component 41 is configured to fix the vertically polarized antenna 42 and the horizontally polarized antenna 43;

[0036] The vertically polarized antenna 42 is configured to form a dual-beam radiation mode in the vertical direction; and is configured to be superimposed and combined with the horizontally polarized antenna 43 in the first angular domain to form an orthogonal polarized antenna.

[0037] The horizontally polarized antenna 43 is configured to form a single-beam downtilt mode in the vertical direction, thereby compensating for the beam null of the vertically polarized antenna 42.

[0038] In this embodiment, the antenna system is the core device for realizing electromagnetic wave transmission and reception. Its function depends on the coordination of multiple links such as "signal transmission - energy conversion - direction control - performance optimization". The basic components of the antenna system can be divided into two categories: radio frequency components and auxiliary support components.

[0039] The radio frequency (RF) components include antennas, reflectors / directors, feed networks, and filters. Antennas consist of radiating elements (antenna elements) used to convert high-frequency electrical signals transmitted by the feed network into single-wave electromagnetic waves (transmitter), or to sense electromagnetic waves in space and convert them into electrical signals (receiver). Reflectors / directors are used to change the radiation or reception direction of electromagnetic waves through metal structures, improving antenna directivity; examples include metal parabolas, metal plates, and metal rods. Feed networks connect radiating elements to the transmitter or receiver, enabling signal distribution or aggregation; examples include coaxial line feeds, microstrip line feeds, waveguide feeds, and power dividers / couplers. Filters are used to filter interference signals outside the operating frequency band (such as other electromagnetic noise) to prevent interference from entering the system and affecting performance; examples include bandpass filters, notch filters, and low-pass filters.

[0040] The auxiliary support components include radomes, mounting components 41, grounding devices, and other components. Mounting components 41 are used to maintain the shape and position of the antenna, and common materials include metal and plastic. Radomes are used to protect internal radio frequency components from external environmental corrosion and reduce electromagnetic wave loss, such as fiberglass covers and metal mesh covers. Mounting components 41 are used to fix the antenna position and ensure stable antenna pointing (e.g., satellite antennas need to be aligned with satellites, and base station antennas need to be aligned with the coverage area), such as metal brackets, poles, towers, and pan-tilt units. In addition, mounting components 41 may also include mounting accessories for auxiliary support and structural fixation of the antenna to ensure secure installation, such as fixing bolts, angle adjusters, and U-clamps. Grounding devices are used to release static electricity and lightning current from the antenna and back-end equipment to prevent electric shock damage to equipment or safety accidents.

[0041] Specifically, the antennas in this embodiment can be divided into a vertically polarized antenna 42 and a horizontally polarized antenna 43, and the mounting component 41 is used to fix the vertically polarized antenna 42 and the horizontally polarized antenna 43. The vertically polarized antenna 42 refers to the radiated electromagnetic wave electric field vector vibrating in a vertical direction (such as along the height direction of the ground), and the radiating element of the antenna itself is usually also perpendicular to the ground; the horizontally polarized antenna 43 refers to the radiated electromagnetic wave electric field vector vibrating in a horizontal direction (such as parallel to the left / right / front / back direction of the ground), and the radiating element of the antenna itself is usually parallel to the ground.

[0042] Furthermore, the vertically polarized antenna 42 covers both the first and second angular domains, while the horizontally polarized antenna 43 only covers the first angular domain. The first angular domain is specifically the upper angular domain, with the horizontal plane where the antenna is located as the reference plane and its physical boundary. The upper angular domain refers to the spatial area with an elevation angle greater than 0°, corresponding to the direction in which the antenna radiates / receives signals upwards (e.g., towards the sky, high-altitude targets, or satellites). The second angular domain is specifically the lower angular domain, with the horizontal plane where the antenna is located as the reference plane and its physical boundary. The lower angular domain refers to the spatial area with an elevation angle less than 0°, corresponding to the direction in which the antenna radiates / receives signals downwards (e.g., towards the ground, low-altitude targets, or indoor environments).

[0043] Furthermore, the vertically polarized antenna 42 is used to form a dual-beam radiation mode in the vertical direction, and is superimposed and combined with the horizontally polarized antenna 43 in the first part of the angular domain to form an orthogonal polarized antenna with a vertical electric field direction and no coupling interference in signal transmission (coupling degree is extremely low, usually less than -30dB). The orthogonal polarized antenna is a dual-polarized antenna, which can realize signal transmission (transmission / reception) in two different polarization modes. The horizontally polarized antenna 43 is used to form a single-beam downtilt mode in the vertical direction, that is, to form a main radiation beam with an elevation angle tilted towards the ground. While forming the downtilt single beam, it can also compensate for the beam nulls of the dual beams of the vertically polarized antenna 42, that is, fill the signal coverage gap in the null area.

[0044] In the dual-beam radiation mode, the maximum gain of the main beam points to the lower floor area, which corresponds to the lower corner domain, while the large sidelobe covers the upper floor area, which corresponds to the upper corner domain, in order to enhance the signal balance between the high and low floors.

[0045] It should be noted that the dual-polarized antenna formed by the superposition of the vertically polarized antenna 42 and the horizontally polarized antenna 43 in the first angular domain achieves independent operation of the two polarization channels in the same spatial location by sharing a radiating element and optimizing the feeding structure. That is, the radiating element of the antenna supports two polarizations simultaneously, and the antenna contains two independent feeding networks (vertical polarization feeding and horizontal polarization feeding). The two channels are physically isolated to ensure that the vertically polarized signal is transmitted only in the vertical channel, and the horizontally polarized signal is transmitted only in the horizontal channel, without interference between the two.

[0046] In some embodiments, the vertically polarized antenna 42 is provided with multiple sets of first antenna elements at equal intervals in the vertical direction. The multiple sets of first antenna elements are connected to multiple first feed branches. Each of the multiple first feed branches is provided with a first amplitude weighting circuit and a first phase adjustment circuit.

[0047] Here, the vertically polarized antenna 42 has multiple sets of first antenna elements evenly spaced in the vertical direction. Each set of first antenna elements is arranged in a row, and each row includes multiple first antenna elements. The multiple sets of first antenna elements are connected to multiple first feed branches in the feed network, meaning each set of first antenna elements is connected to one first feed branch. Each first feed branch includes a first amplitude weighting circuit and a first phase adjustment circuit. The first amplitude weighting circuit controls the beamwidth and sidelobe level by adjusting the excitation amplitude of each element, and the first phase adjustment circuit introduces a phase difference through a phase shifter to point the beam in a specific direction.

[0048] In some implementations, the first amplitude weighting circuit is configured to provide a set of first amplitude values ​​to a plurality of first antenna element units;

[0049] The first phase adjustment circuit is configured to provide a set of first phase values ​​to multiple sets of first antenna element units.

[0050] Specifically, the multiple first amplitude weighting circuits included in the multiple first feed branches are used to provide a set of first amplitude values ​​to multiple groups of first antenna elements, that is, the first amplitude weighting circuit included in each first feed branch is used to provide a first amplitude value to the group of first antenna elements connected to it; the multiple first phase adjustment circuits included in the multiple first feed branches are used to provide a set of first phase values ​​to multiple groups of first antenna elements, that is, the first phase adjustment circuit included in each first feed branch is used to provide a first phase value to the group of first antenna elements connected to it.

[0051] In some implementations, after a set of first amplitude values ​​and a set of first phase values ​​are weighted, multiple sets of first antenna element units form a dual beam in the vertical direction, and the dual beam forms at least one beam null point in the vertical direction.

[0052] Here, the formation of dual beams in the vertical direction by multiple groups of first antenna elements can be understood as the amplitude and phase weighted synthesis of the first amplitude value and the first phase value corresponding to each group of first antenna elements, so that the array factor reaches its maximum value at the two target angles θ1 and θ2 (the first target angle and the second target angle), and is minimized as much as possible at other angles.

[0053] Specifically, the first spacing between each group of first antenna elements in multiple groups of first antenna elements is obtained, and the first amplitude value and first phase value corresponding to each group of first antenna elements are combined to perform amplitude and phase weighted synthesis to obtain the array factor of the dual beam, including the single beam array factor pointing to the first target angle θ1 and the single beam array factor pointing to the second target angle θ2. By making the magnitude of the array factor of the dual beam reach the maximum value at the first target angle θ1 and the second target angle θ2 respectively, the single beam array factor pointing to the first target angle θ1 and the single beam array factor pointing to the second target angle θ2 can form two peaks at the first target angle θ1 and the second target angle θ2 respectively, so as to obtain the desired dual beam shape, and the dual beam will form at least one beam null in the vertical direction.

[0054] Among them, the beam null point refers to the specific angular position in the radiation pattern determined by the array factor where the radiated energy approaches zero, that is, the array factor approaches zero at that specific angle.

[0055] In some embodiments, the dual-beam configuration includes a first beam, and a first sidelobe is disposed adjacent to the first beam; wherein,

[0056] The first beam points to the second angular domain;

[0057] The first side lobe points to the first part of the angular domain.

[0058] Here, multiple sets of first antenna elements form a dual beam in the vertical direction. The dual beam includes a main beam, which is the radiation lobe containing the direction of maximum radiation. The main beam is the first beam. The adjacent positions of the first beam are large side lobes, whose beam intensity is relatively weaker than the main beam, but significantly higher than other ordinary side lobes. That is, the dual beam formed by multiple sets of first antenna elements in the vertical direction includes a first beam and a first side lobe. The intensity of the first beam is higher than the intensity of the first side lobe, and the intensity of the first side lobe is higher than the intensity of other side lobes.

[0059] The maximum gain of the first beam points to the second angular domain, i.e., the lower angular domain, which corresponds to the low-rise area, while the first sidelobe covers the first angular domain, i.e., the upper angular domain, which corresponds to the high-rise area.

[0060] In some embodiments, the horizontally polarized antenna 43 has multiple sets of second antenna elements arranged at equal intervals in the vertical direction. The multiple sets of second antenna elements are connected to multiple second feed branches. Each of the multiple second feed branches is provided with a second amplitude weighting circuit and a second phase adjustment circuit.

[0061] Here, based on the vertically polarized antenna 42, the horizontally polarized antenna 43 is provided with multiple sets of second antenna elements at equal intervals in the vertical direction. Each set of antenna elements is in a row, and each row includes multiple second antenna elements. The multiple sets of second antenna elements are connected to multiple second feed branches in the feed network. That is, each set of second antenna elements is connected to a second feed branch. Each second feed branch includes a second amplitude weighting circuit and a second phase adjustment circuit.

[0062] The number of groups of second antenna elements is less than the number of groups of first antenna elements. Furthermore, the vertical spacing between each group of first antenna elements is equal to the vertical spacing between each group of second antenna elements.

[0063] In some implementations, the second amplitude weighting circuit is configured to provide a set of second amplitude values ​​to multiple sets of second antenna oscillator units, wherein the amplitude values ​​in the set of second amplitude values ​​are the same;

[0064] The second phase adjustment circuit is configured to provide a set of second phase values ​​to multiple sets of second antenna oscillator units.

[0065] Specifically, the multiple second amplitude weighting circuits included in the multiple second feed branches are used to provide a set of second amplitude values ​​to multiple groups of second antenna resonator units, that is, the second amplitude weighting circuit included in each second feed branch is used to provide a second amplitude value to the group of second antenna resonator units connected to it; the multiple second phase adjustment circuits included in the multiple second feed branches are used to provide a set of second phase values ​​to multiple groups of second antenna resonator units, that is, the second phase adjustment circuit included in each second feed branch is used to provide a second phase value to the group of second antenna resonator units connected to it.

[0066] In this set of second amplitude values, each second amplitude value is the same.

[0067] In some implementations, after a set of second amplitude values ​​and a set of second phase values ​​are weighted, multiple sets of second antenna elements form a single beam in the vertical direction, and the downtilt angle of the single beam is located in the angle range of the beam null point formed by the dual beams in the vertical direction.

[0068] Here, the formation of a single beam in the vertical direction by multiple sets of second antenna dipole elements can be understood as the amplitude and phase weighted synthesis of the second amplitude value and the second phase value corresponding to each set of second antenna dipole elements, so that the array factor reaches its maximum value at the third target angle θ3 and is minimized as much as possible at other angles.

[0069] Specifically, the second spacing between each group of second antenna elements in multiple groups of second antenna elements is obtained, and the second amplitude value and the second phase value corresponding to each group of second antenna elements are combined to perform amplitude and phase weighted synthesis to obtain a single beam array factor pointing to the third target angle θ3. By making the magnitude of the single beam array factor reach its maximum value at the third target angle θ3, a peak value can be formed at the third target angle θ3 to obtain the desired single beam shape.

[0070] The third target angle θ3 is located between the first target angle θ1 and the second target angle θ2. That is, the single beam will form a downtilt angle at the third target angle θ3. The downtilt angle of the single beam is located in the angle range of the zero point of the beam formed by the dual beams in the vertical direction, so as to achieve the effect of compensating for the zero point of the beam, thereby optimizing the adaptability of the coverage distance between buildings.

[0071] In some embodiments, the vertically polarized antenna 42 is arranged in multiple rows at equal intervals in the horizontal direction, each row including multiple first antenna elements; the horizontally polarized antenna 43 is arranged in multiple rows at equal intervals in the horizontal direction, each row including multiple second antenna elements.

[0072] Here, since the vertically polarized antenna 42 has multiple sets of first antenna elements arranged at equal intervals in the vertical direction, with each set of first antenna elements forming a row and each row including multiple first antenna elements, it can be understood that the vertically polarized antenna 42 has multiple columns arranged at equal intervals in the horizontal direction, with each column including multiple first antenna elements; similarly, since the horizontally polarized antenna 43 has multiple sets of second antenna elements arranged at equal intervals in the vertical direction, with each set of second antenna elements forming a row and each row including multiple second antenna elements, it can be understood that the horizontally polarized antenna 43 has multiple columns arranged at equal intervals in the horizontal direction, with each column including multiple second antenna elements.

[0073] The spacing between each column of vertically polarized antenna 42 in the horizontal direction is equal to the spacing between each column of horizontally polarized antenna 43 in the horizontal direction.

[0074] In some embodiments, the mounting component 41 is provided with multiple detachable or slidable mounting positions in the horizontal direction; wherein,

[0075] Multiple detachable or sliding mounting positions are configured to adjust the number of rows of multiple first antenna elements and multiple second antenna elements according to the required horizontal beamwidth.

[0076] Here, in the horizontal dimension, due to differences in building height, width, and building spacing in different areas, the required beamwidth for antenna deployment also varies across different areas. To further optimize the antenna beamform and enable the vertically polarized antenna 42 and the horizontally polarized antenna 43 to adapt to different inter-building communication scenarios, a strategy of jointly optimizing the feed amplitude and weights can be used to ensure that the vertically polarized antenna 42 and the horizontally polarized antenna 43 provide lower gain for short-distance coverage and higher gain for long-distance coverage, thereby compensating for path loss and improving signal quality.

[0077] Based on this, the horizontal beamwidth can be switched by alternating the number of columns of multiple first antenna elements and multiple second antenna elements in the horizontal direction to adapt to the horizontal coverage of different communication scenarios. Specifically, if the required horizontal beamwidth between buildings is greater than the horizontal beamwidth formed by the current vertically polarized antenna 42 and horizontally polarized antenna 43, it indicates that the signal coverage on both sides of the current building is poor. In this case, the number of columns of multiple first antenna elements and multiple second antenna elements can be increased to the number of columns corresponding to the required horizontal beamwidth to optimize the signal coverage between buildings. Alternatively, if the required horizontal beamwidth between buildings is less than the horizontal beamwidth formed by the current vertically polarized antenna 42 and horizontally polarized antenna 43, it indicates that the coverage of the current horizontal beamwidth formed by the current vertically polarized antenna 42 and horizontally polarized antenna 43 exceeds the area between buildings, resulting in energy waste. In this case, the number of columns of multiple first antenna elements and multiple second antenna elements can be reduced to the number of columns corresponding to the required horizontal beamwidth to optimize the signal coverage between buildings.

[0078] The adjustment of the number of rows of multiple first antenna elements and multiple second antenna elements can be achieved through the mounting accessories in the mounting component 41. These mounting accessories can be multiple detachable or slidable mounting positions provided by the mounting component 41 in the horizontal direction. The number of rows of multiple first antenna elements and multiple second antenna elements can be adjusted according to the required horizontal beamwidth through these multiple detachable or slidable mounting positions.

[0079] The multiple detachable or slidable mounting positions can be array-type slots arranged at equal intervals, and the interval is equal to the interval between the vertically polarized antenna 42 and the horizontally polarized antenna 43 in the horizontal direction.

[0080] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the antenna system includes: a mounting component, a vertically polarized antenna, and a horizontally polarized antenna; the vertically polarized antenna covers a first angular domain and a second angular domain, and the horizontally polarized antenna covers the first angular domain; wherein, the mounting component is configured to fix the vertically polarized antenna and the horizontally polarized antenna; the vertically polarized antenna is configured to form a dual-beam radiation mode in the vertical direction; and is configured to be superimposed and combined with the horizontally polarized antenna in the first angular domain to form an orthogonal polarized antenna; the horizontally polarized antenna is configured to form a single-beam downtilt mode in the vertical direction, thereby compensating for the beam null of the vertically polarized antenna. Thus, by using orthogonal polarized antennas combining vertical and horizontal polarized antennas in the upper corner region, high speed can be guaranteed for high-rise buildings. In the lower corner region, only vertical polarized antennas are used to cover areas with large incident angles, enabling signal coverage for lower floors and solving the problem of high penetration loss in lower-rise areas. This balances the communication quality between high and low floors. Furthermore, the overall coverage of the vertical polarized antenna can reduce the complexity of the overall antenna structure and the number of antenna elements. At the same time, the single-beam downtilt mode formed by the horizontal polarized antenna can compensate for the beam nulls of the dual beams of the vertical polarized antenna, optimizing the adaptability of the coverage distance between buildings and solving the problem of path loss differences at different coverage distances.

[0081] This application also proposes a residential area antenna system. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of inter-building communication using a combination of two polarized antennas, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 As shown, the specific design of the two polarization antenna combinations includes:

[0082] (1) Dual-beam design of vertically polarized antenna

[0083] First, a 5-array vertically polarized antenna is used in the vertical dimension to form a dual-beam radiation mode, in which the maximum gain of the main beam points to the lower floor area, while the large sidelobe covers the higher floor area, so as to enhance the signal balance between the high and low floors.

[0084] To achieve the required beamforming, an approximate cosecant shape radiation pattern needs to be designed. This requires calculating the array factor and plotting the radiation pattern to ensure that coverage and signal quality meet the requirements of inter-building wireless communication. The formula for calculating the array factor AF is as follows:

[0085]

[0086] Among them, A n It is the excitation amplitude of the nth unit. Let be the phase of the nth element, k = 2π / λ, and d be the element spacing. A synthesis algorithm is used to optimize A. n and Two variables make the radiation pattern closer to Cosec. 2(θ) yields a set of excitation amplitudes and phases for 5 array elements in the vertical direction. By rationally allocating the excitation amplitudes and phases of the array elements, the required beamforming can be achieved to adapt to inter-building communication needs.

[0087] (2) Single-beam optimization of horizontally polarized antennas

[0088] Then, a two-element horizontally polarized antenna is introduced in the vertical dimension to form a single-beam downtilt mode. By precisely adjusting the excitation phase of the two elements, the beam of the horizontally polarized antenna can be downtilted, while the beam nulls of the dual beams of the vertically polarized antenna are compensated, thereby optimizing the adaptability of the inter-building coverage distance.

[0089] (3) Synthesis and optimization of bipolarization

[0090] To further optimize the antenna beamform and adapt it to different inter-building communication scenarios (e.g., building height 100m, building spacing 30m), this application proposes a joint optimization strategy for feed amplitude and weights. This strategy aims to provide lower gain for short-range coverage and higher gain for long-range coverage to compensate for path loss and improve signal quality. The final results show that the vertical 5-array antenna has excitation amplitudes of 7, 2.5, 1.7, 1.7, and 0.5, and excitation phases of -47°, 4°, 100°, 190°, and 344°. The horizontal 2-array antenna has the same excitation amplitude and excitation phases of 40° and 0.9°.

[0091] In the horizontal dimension, due to the significant differences in building height, width, and spacing between buildings in residential areas, the optimal beamwidth requirement for antenna deployment also varies. Taking a vertically oriented wide-angle antenna as an example, if the required horizontal beamwidth between buildings is wider than the current beamwidth, signal coverage on both sides of the buildings will be poor. Conversely, if the required horizontal beamwidth between buildings is narrower than the current beamwidth, the beamwidth will exceed the target area, resulting in wasted energy. Therefore, the currently fixed beamwidth cannot achieve optimal signal coverage between buildings. Based on this, this application proposes to switch the number of elements in the horizontal direction to achieve horizontal beamwidth switching, adapting to horizontal coverage in different communication scenarios.

[0092] Based on the above analysis, this application provides a spotlight antenna operating at 2.6 GHz to adapt to the polarization characteristics and beamform of inter-building combat scenarios. For example... Figure 6 The diagram shows a layout schematic of a spotlight antenna provided in an embodiment of this application. The antenna employs a combination of horizontal and vertical arrays, switching between two and three arrays horizontally to achieve both wide and narrow beams in the horizontal direction, thus enabling stable transmission in complex building environments. Figure 7AThe diagram shown is a schematic representation of a horizontal beamwidth achieved using a combination of horizontal and vertical array elements, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 7B The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of the direction of a narrow beam in the horizontal direction achieved by a combination of horizontal and vertical arrays provided in the embodiment of this application. It has the characteristics of low gain for short-distance coverage and high gain for long-distance coverage in the vertical direction, and the coverage angle is greater than 60°. In the horizontal direction, it has two beamwidths: 20° and 35°.

[0093] like Figure 8A The diagram shows a scenario of inter-building combat within the antenna coverage area when the incident angle is less than 50°, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 ,like Figure 8B The diagram shown is a second schematic of a building-to-building combat scenario in the antenna coverage area when the incident angle is less than 50°, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 8C The diagram shown is a schematic of a building-to-building combat scenario in the antenna coverage area when the incident angle is greater than or equal to 50°, according to an embodiment of this application.

[0094] Field verification revealed that nearly half of the signal components exhibited significant penetration loss in areas with an incident angle exceeding 50°. Therefore, in one embodiment, the upper angular domain was set to 50°. The incident angle is determined by the building spacing and height. In scenarios with small incident angles, the traditional ±45° dual-polarized spotlight antenna can be used. In scenarios with large incident angles, the proposed antenna scheme, which combines angular polarization and beam matching, achieves uniform coverage across different floors. Furthermore, this application's solution improves coverage performance by replacing the antenna while maintaining the existing source power. The cost is solely for antenna replacement, with a slight increase in material costs due to the increased size (increase < 10%). However, the antenna cost accounts for a very small percentage of the antenna system's overall cost, so its impact on the total cost of the antenna system is negligible.

[0095] The technical solutions provided in this application include a method for optimizing antenna polarization in residential areas. This method employs vertical angular domain polarization design to address the issue of high penetration loss in low-rise areas, thereby balancing communication quality between high and low floors. Furthermore, it provides a method for combining vertical and horizontal polarization. In the upper angular domain of the vertical dimension, horizontal and vertical polarization are combined to achieve high speed, while in the lower angular domain, only vertical polarization is used to cover areas with large incident angles, thus enhancing indoor coverage. Finally, it provides a beam optimization method that optimizes the antenna beamform to adapt to inter-building communication scenarios, providing lower gain for short-distance coverage and higher gain for long-distance coverage.

[0096] Compared with existing inter-building communication antenna solutions, the solution presented in this application has the following advantages:

[0097] (1) Vertical polarization optimization to achieve high speed for users on high floors and strong coverage for users on low floors.

[0098] (2) Vertical beam matching design to solve the problem of path loss difference at different coverage distances.

[0099] (3) The antenna is designed for low cost, and adopts a dual-channel, low-number array to achieve multi-polarization configuration.

[0100] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. The communication device may be a terminal device or a network device. Figure 9 The communication device shown includes an antenna system 901, which can be described with reference to the aforementioned related solutions. Optionally, Figure 9 The communication device shown also includes a processor 902 and a memory 903, wherein the processor 902 can call and run computer programs from the memory 903 to trigger the antenna system 901 to send and / or receive communication signals.

[0101] The communication device may specifically include any of the antenna systems provided in the embodiments of this application, and the communication device can implement the corresponding process of any of the antenna systems in the embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0102] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. An antenna system, characterized in that, The antenna system includes: a mounting component, a vertically polarized antenna, and a horizontally polarized antenna; the vertically polarized antenna covers a first angular domain and a second angular domain, and the horizontally polarized antenna covers the first angular domain; wherein... The mounting component is configured to fix the vertically polarized antenna and the horizontally polarized antenna; The vertically polarized antenna is configured to form a dual-beam radiation mode in the vertical direction; and is configured to be superimposed and combined with the horizontally polarized antenna in the first angular domain to form an orthogonal polarized antenna. The horizontally polarized antenna is configured to form a single-beam downtilt mode in the vertical direction, thereby compensating for the beam null point of the vertically polarized antenna.

2. The antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertically polarized antenna has multiple sets of first antenna elements arranged at equal intervals in the vertical direction. The multiple sets of first antenna elements are connected to multiple first feed branches. Each of the multiple first feed branches is provided with a first amplitude weighting circuit and a first phase adjustment circuit.

3. The antenna system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first amplitude weighting circuit is configured to provide a set of first amplitude values ​​to the plurality of first antenna element units; The first phase adjustment circuit is configured to provide a set of first phase values ​​to the plurality of first antenna element units.

4. The antenna system according to claim 3, characterized in that, After the first set of amplitude values ​​and the first set of phase values ​​are weighted, the multiple sets of first antenna elements form a dual beam in the vertical direction, and the dual beam forms at least one beam null in the vertical direction.

5. The antenna system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The dual-beam configuration includes a first beam, and a first sidelobe is positioned adjacent to the first beam; wherein, The first beam points to the second angular domain; The first side lobe points to the first partial angular domain.

6. The antenna system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The horizontally polarized antenna has multiple sets of second antenna elements arranged at equal intervals in the vertical direction. The multiple sets of second antenna elements are connected to multiple second feed branches. Each of the multiple second feed branches is provided with a second amplitude weighting circuit and a second phase adjustment circuit.

7. The antenna system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The second amplitude weighting circuit is configured to provide a set of second amplitude values ​​to the plurality of second antenna oscillator units, wherein the amplitude values ​​in the set of second amplitude values ​​are the same; The second phase adjustment circuit is configured to provide a set of second phase values ​​to the plurality of second antenna oscillator units.

8. The antenna system according to claim 7, characterized in that, After the set of second amplitude values ​​and the set of second phase values ​​are weighted, the plurality of second antenna elements form a single beam in the vertical direction, and the downtilt angle of the single beam is located in the angle range of the beam zero point formed by the dual beams in the vertical direction.

9. The antenna system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The vertically polarized antenna is arranged in multiple rows at equal intervals in the horizontal direction, and each row includes multiple first antenna elements; the horizontally polarized antenna is arranged in multiple rows at equal intervals in the horizontal direction, and each row includes multiple second antenna elements.

10. The antenna system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The mounting component has multiple detachable or slidable mounting positions in the horizontal direction; wherein... The plurality of detachable or slidable mounting positions are configured to adjust the number of columns of the plurality of first antenna elements and the plurality of second antenna elements according to the required horizontal beamwidth.

11. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device includes the antenna system according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

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