Antenna device, radio frequency transceiver device, vehicle

Abstract

The application relates to an antenna device, a radio frequency transceiver device and a vehicle. The antenna device comprises a first layer comprising a first surface and a second surface located on the back side of the first surface, the first layer further comprising a slot antenna penetrating through the first surface and the second surface to provide an antenna part of the antenna device; a second layer comprising a third surface and a fourth surface located on the back side of the third surface, the second layer further comprising a first waveguide port penetrating through the third surface and the fourth surface, the first waveguide port being provided with a waveguide coupling element; a feed line part of the antenna device; a first space between the second surface and the third surface providing a gap waveguide structure; and a second space between the fourth surface and a fifth surface located outside the fourth surface providing a gap waveguide structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to antenna devices, radio frequency transceivers, and vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] Common waveguide technologies, such as microstrip line waveguides and coplanar waveguides (CPWs), can be implemented on printed circuit boards (PCBs), resulting in compact antenna structures. However, such structures are difficult to apply to millimeter-wave and Asia-Pacific Hertz (APH) bands due to their high losses. Therefore, some existing solutions use hollow waveguides for millimeter-wave and APH communication transmission, but hollow waveguides are difficult to integrate.

[0003] To overcome the above problems, one existing improvement approach is to use substrate integrated waveguides (SIWs). However, this approach still requires a dielectric substrate, and therefore still suffers from significant dielectric loss.

[0004] To address the above issues, one solution in this field is to employ a gap waveguide (GW) approach. This novel electromagnetic transmission and shielding technology is based on the principle of non-contact electromagnetic band gap. Under certain conditions, a periodic electromagnetic structure is used to form an electromagnetic band gap (EBG) that does not require physical contact. The electromagnetic band gap characteristics of the EBG are then used to construct waveguide or shielding structures.

[0005] The basic principle model of the gap is the parallel-plate ideal electric conductor-ideal magnetic conductor (PEC-PMC) model. An infinitely large PEC and PMC plane are placed parallel to each other without contact. According to Maxwell's equations and boundary conditions, when the distance d between the PEC and PMC planes and the operating wavelength λ satisfy λ>4d, the solution to the wave equation between the two planes has no propagation mode, thus forming a frequency bandgap and constituting an EBG structure. PMC structures do not exist in nature. Typically, specific periodic structures are used to form equivalent artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surfaces to replace PMCs. The most typical examples are metal nail beds composed of periodic metal protrusion arrays and substrate-type gap waveguide structures constructed using mushroom patch arrays.

[0006] Typical gap waveguide structures include groove gap waveguide (GGW), ridge gap waveguide (RGW), micro-strip ridge gap waveguide (MRGW), and inverted micro-strip gap waveguide (IMGW).

[0007] Among these four typical structures, the slot-gap waveguide operates differently from the other three. In the slot-gap waveguide, the slot gap acts like a rectangular waveguide, meaning the internal field distribution is similar, and the dominant transmission mode is the quasi-TE10 mode. The RGW uses a metal ridge and a non-contact PEC plane above to form a two-conductor transmission structure, with a PEC-AMC as the electromagnetic shielding structure. Its transmission characteristics are similar to a microstrip line, and the dominant transmission mode is the quasi-TEM mode. The MRGW and IMGW are essentially similar to the RGW. When a substrate-type AMC is used in conjunction with a microstrip ridge structure, the RGW can evolve into an MRGW, also known as a substrate RGW. The IMGW structure is similar to the RGW, constructed by placing a microstrip line without a metal backing on the AMC plane. The upper PEC plane does not contact the microstrip line, and it can be considered an inverted microstrip or suspended microstrip line in an AMC package form.

[0008] In one embodiment, such as Chinese patent application CN117712674A, filed on March 15, 2024, entitled "Antenna Device, RF Transceiver Device, Vehicle, and Assembly Method," the applicant is Shanghai Hella Electronics Co., Ltd., and the publication date is March 15, 2024, an antenna device is described. This device can achieve the functions of the radiating layer and back cavity layer described in the background art through a single-layer structure, resulting in a compact structure that is easy to integrate. However, the inventors have discovered that there is room for further miniaturization improvement in the above solution. For example... Figure 6 As shown, the inventors found that, since the antenna and feed line are on the same layer, and also because an end-feed structure is used, there is room for further improvement in reducing the radar board area and cost.

[0009] Therefore, there is a need in the art for an antenna device, a radio frequency transceiver, or a vehicle that, while meeting the transmission requirements of millimeter waves, enables the corresponding radio frequency transceiver (e.g., millimeter-wave radar) to be further miniaturized and / or its cost reduced. Utility Model Content

[0010] The technical problem to be solved by this application is to further miniaturize and / or reduce the cost of the radio frequency transceiver device (e.g., millimeter-wave radar) corresponding to the antenna device while meeting the transmission requirements of millimeter waves.

[0011] An antenna device according to a first aspect of this application includes: a first layer comprising a first surface and a second surface located on the back side of the first surface, the first layer further comprising a slot antenna penetrating the first surface and the second surface, providing an antenna portion of the antenna device; a second layer comprising a third surface and a fourth surface located on the back side of the third surface, the second layer further comprising a first waveguide port penetrating the third surface and the fourth surface, the first waveguide port being provided with a waveguide coupling element; and a feed portion of the antenna device. The first and second layers are stacked, with the stacking direction defined as vertical. The second surface faces the third surface in the vertical direction. A first space between the second and third surfaces provides a gap waveguide structure, and a second space between the fourth surface and a fifth surface located outside the fourth surface provides a gap waveguide structure. Multiple protruding elements are provided in the first and second spaces. The back surfaces of these protruding elements can form magnetic conductors. The back surfaces of the protruding elements in the first and second spaces can form magnetic conductors, which can cooperate with corresponding electrical conductor planes to form gap waveguides that propagate along the area surrounded by the protruding elements. The waveguide path provided by the antenna device includes waveguide energy entering from an external second waveguide port, passing sequentially through the gap waveguide in the second space, the first waveguide port, and the gap waveguide in the first space, and finally being transmitted to the slot antenna.

[0012] The advantages of the antenna device described above include, but are not limited to, placing the antenna-functional portion on the first layer and the feeder portion on the second layer (i.e., the feeder and antenna are not on the same layer). This allows the feeder to be routed vertically directly below the antenna, which is beneficial for the routing of multi-chip cascaded solutions in multi-chip RF transceivers (e.g., millimeter-wave radar). Furthermore, the inventors discovered that due to the separate layers of the feeder and antenna, the current first waveguide port structure results in low antenna gain, failing to meet practical requirements. Therefore, by placing waveguide coupling elements on the first waveguide port of the second layer, the waveguide energy of the waveguide chip can be fully coupled to the antenna, ensuring that the antenna gain meets requirements. Additionally, since good electrical contact is not required between the upper and lower metal layers of the gap waveguide, processing precision is relaxed, and costs are reduced. Therefore, the antenna device scheme described above, while meeting millimeter-wave transmission requirements, further miniaturizes and / or reduces the cost of the corresponding RF transceiver (e.g., millimeter-wave radar).

[0013] In one or more embodiments of the antenna device, a plurality of slot antennas are distributed in a first direction, and the first waveguide port is located in the middle of the range of the plurality of slot antennas in the first direction.

[0014] In one or more embodiments of the antenna device, the waveguide coupling element includes metal blocks symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first waveguide port.

[0015] In one or more embodiments of the antenna device, the cross-section of the first waveguide port is rectangular, with a length of 2 mm to 2.5 mm and a width of 1 mm to 1.5 mm; the height of the metal block is the same as the height of the first waveguide port, and the cross-section of the metal block is rectangular, with a length of 0.3 mm to 0.4 mm and a width of 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm.

[0016] In one or more embodiments of the antenna device, a plurality of slot antennas are distributed in a first direction. Slot antennas located on the periphery of the first direction are defined as peripheral slot antennas. The peripheral slot antennas have the same size and are located in the same position in a second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction. Slot antennas located in the middle of the first direction are defined as central slot antennas. The central slot antennas have the same size and are located in the same position in the second direction.

[0017] In one or more embodiments of the antenna device, the size of the peripheral slot antenna is larger than that of the central slot antenna; the size of the slot antenna is 2 mm to 2.2 mm in a first direction and 0.5 mm to 0.6 mm in a second direction; the center distance between adjacent central slot antennas in the first direction is 3 mm to 3.3 mm; the center distance between adjacent central slot antennas and peripheral slot antennas in the first direction is 2.7 mm to 3 mm; and the center distance between central slot antennas and peripheral slot antennas in the second direction is 0.8 mm to 0.9 mm.

[0018] In one or more embodiments of the antenna device, the first layer and the second layer are flat plate structures, and the protruding elements include a bed of metal nails, and / or a metal wall, and / or a mushroom patch.

[0019] A radio frequency transceiver device according to a second aspect of this application includes an antenna device as described in the first aspect.

[0020] In one or more embodiments of the radio frequency transceiver, the radio frequency transceiver includes a radar, and the radio frequency transceiver includes a printed circuit board that provides the fifth surface.

[0021] A vehicle according to a third aspect of this application includes an antenna device as described in the first aspect. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of an antenna device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a perspective structural schematic diagram of an antenna device according to an embodiment of this application from another viewpoint;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of an antenna device according to an embodiment of this application from another angle.

[0026] Figure 4 This is an antenna pattern of an antenna device according to an embodiment of this application @77GHz;

[0027] Figure 5 This is the standing wave curve of antenna S11 of an antenna device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the PCB layout for an antenna device using a comparative design.

[0029] Figure label:

[0030] 10-Antenna Device

[0031] 1-First Layer

[0032] 11-First Page

[0033] 12-Second page

[0034] 13-Slot Antenna

[0035] 131-External Slot Antenna

[0036] 132-Center Slotted Antenna

[0037] 2-Second Layer

[0038] 21-Third page

[0039] 22-Fourth page

[0040] 23-First waveguide port

[0041] 3-Third layer

[0042] 31-Page 5

[0043] 32-Second waveguide port

[0044] 41-First Space

[0045] 42-Second Space

[0046] 43-Prominent Components

[0047] 430-Metal Nail Bed

[0048] 100-RF transceiver

[0049] 101 - Printed Circuit Board. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The present application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the aspects described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments are merely exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application in any way.

[0051] The following description is provided to enable those skilled in the art to implement and use this application and incorporate it into specific application contexts. Various variations and uses in different applications will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein are applicable to a wide range of embodiments. Therefore, this application is not limited to the embodiments given herein, but should be granted the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a more thorough understanding of this application. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that practice of this application is not necessarily limited to these specific details. In other words, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form without detailed representation to avoid obscuring this application.

[0052] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0053] The antenna devices described below are used in radio frequency (RF) transceivers, such as those used in radar, especially millimeter-wave radar for vehicles, but are not limited thereto. RF transceivers can also be used in radio base stations for cellular access networks, microwave radio link transceivers for backhaul to core networks, and satellite transceivers for communication with satellites in orbit. As long as they can transmit and receive radio frequency (RF) signals, the antenna devices described below can be used to make the RF transceivers compact and easy to assemble.

[0054] refer to Figures 1 to 3 As shown (in Figure 3In order to clearly show the structure of each part, the structure is disassembled in the vertical direction (it can be understood that the actual structure is a stacked structure). The antenna device 10 includes a first layer 1 and a second layer 2. The first layer 1 includes a first surface 11 and a second surface 12 located on the back side of the first surface 11. The first layer 1 also includes a slot antenna 13 that penetrates the first surface 11 and the second surface 12, providing the antenna part of the antenna device.

[0055] The second layer 2 includes a third surface 21 and a fourth surface 22 located on the back side of the third surface 21. The second layer 2 also includes a first waveguide port 23 penetrating the third surface 21 and the fourth surface 22, and the first waveguide port 23 is provided with a waveguide coupling element 24; and provides a feed line section for the antenna device.

[0056] The first layer 1 and the second layer 2 are stacked, and the stacking direction of the first layer 1 and the second layer 2 is defined as the vertical direction. The second surface 12 faces the third surface 21 in the vertical direction. The first space 41 between the second surface 12 and the third surface 21 provides a gap waveguide structure, and the second space 42 between the fourth surface 22 and the fifth surface 31 located outside the fourth surface 22 provides a gap waveguide structure.

[0057] The first space 41 and the second space 42 are provided with a plurality of protruding elements 43. The back side of the protruding element 41 can form a magnetic conductor. The back side of the protruding element 43 located in the first space 41 and the protruding element 43 located in the second space 42 can form a magnetic conductor and can cooperate with the corresponding electrical conductor plane to form a gap waveguide that propagates along the area surrounded by the protruding element.

[0058] refer to Figure 2 As shown, the waveguide path provided by the antenna device 10 includes, as indicated by the arrow, waveguide energy entering from the external second waveguide port 32, passing sequentially through the gap waveguide of the second space 42, the first waveguide port 23, and the gap waveguide of the first space 41, and finally being transmitted to the slot antenna 13. The waveguide ports of the first waveguide port 23 and the second waveguide port 32 can also be referred to as waveguide ports in the art. Their function is to excite electromagnetic wave signals, and transmit the excited electromagnetic wave signals to the antenna end through the waveguide feed line, and then radiate them into free space.

[0059] The beneficial effects of the above-described embodiments include, but are not limited to, by placing the antenna function part of the antenna device in the first layer and the feed line function part in the second layer, i.e., the feed line and the antenna are not on the same layer, the feed line can be routed in the area directly below the antenna in the vertical direction. This is beneficial for the routing of the corresponding radio frequency transceiver device, such as millimeter-wave radar, which has multiple chips and is cascaded with multiple chips. Based on this, the inventors found that because the feed line and the antenna are on different layers, the antenna gain is low when using the current first waveguide port structure, which cannot meet the actual requirements. Therefore, by setting a waveguide coupling element on the first waveguide port of the second layer, the waveguide energy of the waveguide chip can be fully coupled to the antenna, ensuring that the antenna gain meets the requirements.

[0060] The structure of the third surface 21 and the fifth surface 31 can be, for example, a metal surface. The portion constituting the fifth surface 31 can be provided by the antenna device 10 itself as a third layer 3 to provide the fifth surface 31, or it can be provided by a metal layer, such as a copper-plated area, on the PCB board of a millimeter-wave radar. That is, it can provide a PEC as a gap waveguide structure without additional processing of the fifth surface 31. That is, this application also provides a radio frequency transceiver device 100, including an antenna device 10. In some embodiments, the radio frequency transceiver device 100 includes a printed circuit board 101, which provides the fifth surface 31. The advantage of this is that the third layer 3 with the fifth surface 31 is shared with the metal layer on the PCB board of the radio frequency transceiver device, reducing the manufacturing cost of the radio frequency transceiver device, such as automotive radar. In addition, this application also provides a vehicle that includes the antenna device 10 described in the embodiments, to utilize the space arrangement of the vehicle and reduce costs.

[0061] A second waveguide port 32 can be set in the third layer 3. The meaning of the second waveguide port 32 here is that it is the port for the waveguide chip to receive or transmit signals. The entire waveguide chip can integrate multiple antenna devices 10. For specific structures, you can refer to TI's Launch-on-Package (LOP) chip, but it is not a limitation.

[0062] The specific structure of the prominent element 43, as described above in the structure constituting the gap waveguide, uses a specific periodic structure to form an equivalent artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surface to replace the PMC. The most typical examples are a metal bed of nails 430 composed of a periodic array of metal protrusions and a mushroom patch array; here, the bed of nails structure is used as an example. The bed of nails can be either cube or cylinder; a cylindrical bed of nails is easier to manufacture. This bed of nails forms a waveguide cavity structure. Additionally, as... Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the structure of the protruding element 43 may also include a metal wall, and is not limited thereto.

[0063] For specific waveguide principles, please refer to the background section of this application. For example, in a gap waveguide, the nail bed structure is periodically arranged, and its upper surface can be considered as an AMC structure. Within a certain frequency range, this structure has high impedance characteristics, preventing electromagnetic waves from propagating along its surface. The nail beds and the corresponding non-contact PEC planes constitute a two-conductor transmission structure, for example... Figure 2 The nail bed shown forms a two-conductor transmission structure with the non-contact PEC plane below, but this is not a limitation. For example, the nail bed could be placed below, and the nail bed and the non-contact PEC plane above could form a two-conductor transmission structure. Using PEC-AMC as the electromagnetic shielding structure, the transmission characteristics are similar to a microstrip line, with the dominant transmission mode being a quasi-TEM mode. The high-impedance surface (the back side of protruding element 43) can be considered an ideal magnetic conductor PMC, and the corresponding metal surface (e.g., the third surface 21 or the fifth surface 31) is an ideal electrical conductor PEC. When the gap height between the lower surface of the nail bed and the bottom metal layer is less than a quarter wavelength, there is no field that can propagate between the PEC and PMC, so the electromagnetic field can only propagate along the direction of the slot. It can be understood that, according to the principle of constructing a gap waveguide structure, the distance between the back side of protruding element 43 and the corresponding third surface 21 or fifth surface 31 needs to be less than a quarter wavelength.

[0064] Furthermore, the first layer 1 and the second layer 2 here can be pure metal layers, making the first, second, third, and fourth surfaces metallic, or they can be a non-metallic substrate with a metallic coating on its surface. Additionally, the first layer 1 and the second layer 2 can be flat structures, but are not limited to this; for example, they can also be structures that are at least partially curved.

[0065] The slot antenna 13 has a similar meaning to its conventional meaning in this field, namely, an antenna formed by opening a slot in a conductor surface, also known as a slotted antenna, which radiates electromagnetic waves through the slot. A typical structure is a strip-shaped slot approximately half a wavelength long, usually fed by a transmission line bridging the narrow side, or by a waveguide and resonant cavity. It can be understood that the number of slot antennas 13 is not limited to the four shown in the figure. The number of slot antennas 13 depends on the gain of the radar antenna and the required elevation beamwidth. To achieve higher antenna gain and a narrower elevation beamwidth, the number of slot antennas 13 can be increased.

[0066] The advantages of the antenna device scheme described above include, but are not limited to, the structure in which one end of the metal strip corresponds to the middle part of multiple antennas and the other end of the metal strip is coupled to the second waveguide port, so that the power is fed from the middle area of ​​multiple antennas. This realizes a center-fed structure for the antenna, which is beneficial to the layout of the antenna device in the RF transceiver device, making its structure compact and easy to arrange in a relatively small space. For example, for automotive millimeter-wave radar, the antenna device is easy to lay out on the radar PCB, making its structure compact and saving development costs.

[0067] refer to Figure 1 As shown, multiple slot antennas 13 are distributed along a first direction, and the first waveguide port 23 is located in the middle of the range of the multiple slot antennas 13 along the first direction. The first direction and the second direction can be the directions shown in the figure, but are not limited thereto.

[0068] The meaning of "in the middle of the range of the first direction" here is, for example, for the four slot antennas 13 shown in the figure, the first waveguide port 23 corresponds to the position of the axis of symmetry of the four slot antennas 13. This is in comparison to... Figure 6 The end-feed structure in the comparative scheme shown, which uses an intermediate-feed structure, is beneficial for the layout of the RF transceiver and saves development costs.

[0069] Continue to refer to Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the specific structure of the waveguide coupling element 24 may include metal blocks 241 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first waveguide port 23. This allows for the achievement of waveguide energy conduction using a simple and low-cost coupling element. The specific structural dimensions may be as follows: the cross-section of the first waveguide port 23 is rectangular, with a length of 2mm to 2.5mm and a width of 1mm to 1.5mm; the height of the metal blocks 241 is the same as the height of the first waveguide port 23, and the cross-section of the metal blocks 241 is rectangular, with a length of 0.3mm to 0.4mm and a width of 0.1mm to 0.2mm. The inventors have found that such dimensions can balance component miniaturization with waveguide performance.

[0070] refer to Figure 1As shown, the specific distribution of the multiple slot antennas 13 can be as follows: multiple slot antennas 13 are distributed in a first direction. The slot antennas 13 located on the periphery of the first direction are defined as peripheral slot antennas 131, all of the same size and in the same position in a second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction. The slot antennas 13 located in the middle of the first direction are defined as central slot antennas 132, all of the same size and in the same position in the second direction. This distribution structure results in better antenna gain. Furthermore, regarding the size of the slot antenna, in some embodiments, the size of the outer slot antenna 131 can be larger than that of the middle slot antenna 132; the size of the slot antenna 13 is 2mm to 2.2mm in the first direction and 0.5mm to 0.6mm in the second direction; the center-to-center distance between adjacent middle slot antennas 132 in the first direction is 3mm to 3.3mm; the center-to-center distance between adjacent middle slot antennas 132 and outer slot antennas 131 in the first direction is 2.7mm to 3mm; and the center-to-center distance between middle slot antennas 132 and outer slot antennas 131 in the second direction is 0.8mm to 0.9mm. The inventors have found that slot antennas within this size range can further improve the antenna gain.

[0071] Figure 4 , Figure 5 They are respectively for Figures 1 to 3 The antenna azimuth and elevation plane patterns, and the S11 standing wave curve of the antenna device 10 shown in the embodiment.

[0072] refer to Figure 4 As shown, the sidelobe level of the antenna elevation plane is below -17dB, which meets the requirement that the radar antenna sidelobe level design is less than -15dB, and the azimuth plane radiation pattern meets the requirements for angle detection.

[0073] refer to Figure 5 The S11 standing wave curve of the antenna is shown. From this curve, it can be seen that the antenna's -10dB operating bandwidth is 75GHz to 79GHz, which meets the operating bandwidth range of the vehicle's radar.

[0074] In summary, the beneficial effects of adopting the above-described antenna device, RF transceiver, and vehicle include, but are not limited to, placing the antenna-functional portion of the antenna device on the first layer and the feeder portion on the second layer (i.e., the feeder and antenna are not on the same layer). This allows the feeder to be routed vertically directly below the antenna, which is beneficial for the routing of multi-chip cascaded solutions for RF transceivers such as millimeter-wave radars with multiple chips. Furthermore, the inventors discovered that due to the separate layers of the feeder and antenna, the current first waveguide port structure results in low antenna gain, failing to meet practical requirements. Therefore, by placing waveguide coupling elements on the first waveguide port of the second layer, the waveguide energy of the waveguide chip can be fully coupled to the antenna, ensuring that the antenna gain meets requirements. Additionally, since good electrical contact is not required between the upper and lower metal layers of the gap waveguide, processing precision is relaxed, and costs are reduced. Therefore, the antenna device scheme described above, while meeting millimeter-wave transmission requirements, allows for further miniaturization and / or cost reduction of the corresponding RF transceiver, such as millimeter-wave radar, thereby facilitating vehicle space layout and cost reduction.

[0075] The preceding description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. However, it should be understood that the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the appended claims and should not be limited to the specific structures and components of the embodiments described above. Various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of this application, and these changes and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. An antenna device (10), characterized in that, include: The first layer (1) includes a first surface (11) and a second surface (12) located on the back side of the first surface (11). The first layer (1) also includes a slot antenna (13) penetrating the first surface (11) and the second surface (12), providing the antenna portion of the antenna device. The second layer (2) includes a third surface (21) and a fourth surface (22) located on the back side of the third surface (21). The second layer (2) also includes a first waveguide port (23) penetrating the third surface (21) and the fourth surface (22). The first waveguide port (23) is provided with a waveguide coupling element (24). The feed section of the antenna device is provided. Wherein, the first layer (1) and the second layer (2) are stacked, the stacking direction of the first layer (1) and the second layer (2) is defined as the vertical direction, the second surface (12) faces the third surface (21) in the vertical direction, the first space (41) between the second surface (12) and the third surface (21) provides a gap waveguide structure, and the second space (42) between the fourth surface (22) and the fifth surface (31) located outside the fourth surface (22) provides a gap waveguide structure; The first space (41) and the second space (42) are provided with a plurality of protruding elements (43). The back side of the protruding element (43) can form a magnetic conductor. The back side of the protruding element (43) located in the first space (41) and the protruding element (43) located in the second space (42) can form a magnetic conductor and can cooperate with the corresponding electric conductor plane to form a gap waveguide that propagates along the area surrounded by the protruding element. The waveguide path provided by the antenna device (10) includes the following: the waveguide energy is accessed from the external second waveguide port (32), passes through the gap waveguide of the second space (42), the first waveguide port (23), the gap waveguide of the first space (41), and is finally transmitted to the slot antenna (13).

2. The antenna device (10) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple slot antennas (13) are distributed in a first direction, and the first waveguide port (23) is located in the middle of the range of the multiple slot antennas (13) in the first direction.

3. The antenna device (10) as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The waveguide coupling element (24) includes metal blocks (241) symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first waveguide port (23).

4. The antenna device (10) as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The first waveguide port (23) has a rectangular cross-section, with a length of 2mm to 2.5mm and a width of 1mm to 1.5mm. The metal block (241) has the same height as the first waveguide port (23), and its cross-section is rectangular, with a length of 0.3mm to 0.4mm and a width of 0.1mm to 0.2mm.

5. The antenna device (10) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple slot antennas (13) are distributed in a first direction. The slot antennas (13) located on the periphery of the first direction are defined as peripheral slot antennas (131). The peripheral slot antennas (131) have the same size and are located in the same position in a second direction, which is perpendicular to the second direction. The slot antennas (13) located in the middle of the first direction are defined as central slot antennas (132). The central slot antennas (132) have the same size and are located in the same position in the second direction.

6. The antenna device (10) as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The size of the peripheral slot antenna (131) is larger than that of the central slot antenna (132); the size of the slot antenna (13) is 2 mm to 2.2 mm in the first direction and 0.5 mm to 0.6 mm in the second direction. The center distance between adjacent central slot antennas (132) in the first direction is 3 mm to 3.3 mm. The center distance between adjacent central slot antennas (132) and peripheral slot antennas (131) in the first direction is 2.7 mm to 3 mm. The center distance between central slot antennas (132) and peripheral slot antennas (131) in the second direction is 0.8 mm to 0.9 mm.

7. The antenna device (10) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The first layer (1) and the second layer (2) are flat structures, and the protruding element (43) includes a metal nail bed (430), and / or a metal wall, and / or a mushroom patch.

8. A radio frequency transceiver (100), characterized in that, Includes the antenna device (10) as described in any one of claims 1-6.

9. The radio frequency transceiver (100) of claim 8 includes a radar, the radio frequency transceiver (100) includes a printed circuit board (101) providing the fifth surface (31).

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the antenna device (10) as described in any one of claims 1-6.

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