A high-gain low axial ratio circularly polarized antenna structure

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of high-gain low axial ratio circularly polarized antenna structures, including the first PCB board in upper layer, the third PCB board in lower layer, and the second PCB board between the first PCB board and the third PCB board, antenna radiator is equipped on the first PCB board and the second PCB board, feed circuit is equipped on the third PCB board, medium support is equipped between the first PCB board and the second PCB board, for supporting and adjusting antenna performance, support support is equipped between the second PCB board and the third PCB board, for supporting, the second PCB board is electrically connected the feed circuit on the third PCB board by several feed columns, to form the performance structure of right-hand circular polarization.The utility model antenna has achieved better performance in return loss, antenna efficiency, antenna gain and axial ratio, and has achieved very excellent performance in right-hand circular polarization performance index, can be applied on the antenna equipment of satellite positioning system of full-band according to the different size of antenna, also can be applied on the antenna equipment of 5G NR small base station.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of antenna technology, specifically to a high-gain, low-axial-ratio circularly polarized antenna structure. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, antennas used in full-band satellite positioning systems and 5G NR small base stations require antennas to have high gain, low axial ratio, and wide bandwidth performance. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the problems existing in the prior art and provide a high-gain, low-axial-ratio circularly polarized antenna structure.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives and effects, this utility model is implemented through the following technical solution: A high-gain, low-axis-ratio circularly polarized antenna structure includes a first PCB board on the upper layer, a third PCB board on the lower layer, and a second PCB board located between the first and third PCB boards. Antenna radiators are provided on the first and second PCB boards, and feed circuits are provided on the third PCB board. A dielectric support is provided between the first and second PCB boards for supporting and adjusting antenna performance. A support bracket is provided between the second and third PCB boards for support. The second PCB board is electrically connected to the feed circuits on the third PCB board through several feed pillars to form a right-handed circularly polarized performance structure.

[0005] Furthermore, the antenna radiator on the first PCB board is composed of a first metal ring and a second metal ring disposed within the first metal ring. The inner and outer diameters of the first metal ring are used to adjust the low-frequency performance, and the inner and outer diameters of the second metal ring are used to adjust the high-frequency performance.

[0006] Furthermore, the antenna radiator on the second PCB board includes: A circular metal radiator is disposed on its front side, and a plurality of coupling grooves are concentrically distributed on the circular metal radiator. The coupling grooves are located below the projection of the first metal ring and the second metal ring, so that the first metal ring and the second metal ring are coupled to each other with the coupling grooves. A plurality of metal radiating plates are disposed on its back side, the plurality of metal radiating plates being distributed around the same center and located below the coupling groove, such that the metal radiating plates are coupled to each other with the first metal ring and the second metal ring.

[0007] Furthermore, the front side of the third PCB board is provided with a metal ground layer and several metal connection parts that are insulated from the metal ground layer. The metal connection parts are electrically connected to the metal radiating sheet on the back side of the second PCB board through a power supply post. The back side of the third PCB board is provided with a power supply circuit. The metal connection parts are electrically connected to the power supply circuit on the back side through vias on the third PCB board. The power supply circuit is provided with a feed inlet for lead-out lines.

[0008] Furthermore, the coupling groove and the corresponding metal radiating plate, feeding column and metal connecting part are provided in four parts, each of which is 90 degrees apart from each other.

[0009] Furthermore, the dielectric support is a solid, flat structure with a certain thickness, serving as a link between high and low frequencies to adjust the performance of the frequency range in which high and low frequencies are combined.

[0010] The beneficial effects of this utility model are: 1. A satellite positioning antenna with a frequency range of 1.15GHz to 1.62GHz is realized in a relatively small device using a structure of 3 PCB boards and 2 brackets.

[0011] 2. The upper support structure, through its appropriate dielectric constant and flat solid structure, broadens the antenna bandwidth, enabling a right-handed circularly polarized antenna with wide frequency band, high gain, and low axial ratio.

[0012] 3. Compared to traditional ceramic antennas, the use of PCB boards and brackets in the structural design reduces the weight of the equipment and widens the antenna bandwidth, resulting in excellent performance.

[0013] 4. The power supply column is directly supported by the support bracket holes and can be locked in place with fixing screws. Compared with the traditional GNSS welded power supply column, it is easier to assemble and has lower cost control.

[0014] 5. The antenna of this utility model has achieved good performance in terms of return loss, antenna efficiency, antenna gain and axial ratio. It has achieved excellent performance in terms of right-hand circular polarization performance. It can be applied to antenna equipment of full-band satellite positioning system according to different antenna sizes, and can also be applied to antenna equipment of 5G NR small base station. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a front view of the antenna of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a side view of the antenna of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the antenna structure after the concealed dielectric support and support bracket of this utility model; Figure 4This is a diagram of the antenna radiator on the first PCB board of this utility model; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the media support structure of this utility model; Figure 6 This is a front view of the antenna radiator on the second PCB board of this utility model; Figure 7 This is a back view of the antenna radiator on the second PCB board of this utility model; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the support bracket structure of this utility model; Figure 9 This is a front view of the third PCB board of this utility model; Figure 10 This is a back view of the third PCB board of this utility model; Figure 11 The return loss diagram of the antenna of this utility model is shown. Figure 12 This is a diagram showing the antenna efficiency of the antenna of this utility model; Figure 13 This is a diagram showing the antenna gain and axial ratio of the antenna of this utility model; Figure 14 This is a gain trajectory diagram of the antenna of this utility model in right-hand circular polarization at a frequency of 1.15 GHz; Figure 15 This is a gain trajectory diagram of the antenna of this utility model in right-hand circular polarization at a frequency of 1.62 GHz.

[0016] Explanation of the labels in the diagram: P1, first PCB board; P2, partition; P3, third PCB board; H1, dielectric support; H2, support bracket; R1, first metal ring; R2, second metal ring; C, metal radiator; C1~C4, first to fourth metal radiating plates; S1~S4, first to fourth coupling grooves; D1~D4, first to fourth metal connection parts; F1~F4, first to fourth feed post; G, metal ground layer; G1, ground port; E, feed inlet; E1~E4, first to fourth feed circuit. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0018] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, a high-gain, low-axis-ratio circularly polarized antenna structure includes a first PCB board P1 on the upper layer, a third PCB board P3 on the lower layer, and a second PCB board P2 located between the first PCB board P1 and the third PCB board P3. Antenna radiators are provided on the first PCB board P1 and the second PCB board P2, and a feed circuit is provided on the third PCB board P3. A dielectric support H1 is provided between the first PCB board P1 and the second PCB board P2 for supporting and adjusting antenna performance. A support bracket H2 is provided between the second PCB board P2 and the third PCB board P3 for support. The material can be plastic. The second PCB board P2 is electrically connected to the feed circuit on the third PCB board P3 through several feed pillars to form a right-handed circularly polarized performance structure.

[0019] like Figure 4 As shown, the antenna radiator on the first PCB board P1 is composed of a first metal ring R1 and a second metal ring R2 disposed inside the first metal ring R1. The inner and outer diameters of the first metal ring R1 are used to adjust the low-frequency performance, and the inner and outer diameters of the second metal ring R2 are used to adjust the high-frequency performance.

[0020] The antenna radiator on the second PCB board P2 includes: like Figure 6 As shown, a circular metal radiator C is disposed on its front side. Several coupling grooves are concentrically distributed on the circular metal radiator C. In this embodiment, four coupling grooves are provided, namely the first coupling groove S1 to the fourth coupling groove S4. The coupling grooves are located below the projection of the first metal ring R1 and the second metal ring R2, so that the first metal ring R1 and the second metal ring R2 are coupled to each other with the coupling grooves. like Figure 7 As shown, a number of metal radiating plates are disposed on its back side. In this embodiment, four metal radiating plates are provided, namely the first metal radiating plate C1 to the fourth metal radiating plate C4. The four metal radiating plates are distributed around the same center and located below the coupling groove, so that the metal radiating plates are coupled to each other with the first metal ring R1 and the second metal ring R2.

[0021] like Figure 9 As shown, the front side of the third PCB board P3 is provided with a metal ground layer G and several metal connection parts insulated from the metal ground layer G. In this embodiment, there are four metal connection parts, namely the first metal connection part D1 to the fourth metal connection part D4. The metal connection parts are electrically connected to the metal radiating sheet on the back side of the second PCB board P2 through the feed post. In the specific connection, the feed post passes through the support bracket H2. The support bracket H2 is provided with corresponding through holes, so that the feed post can also be well supported and limited. Figure 3As shown, in this embodiment, four feed posts are provided, namely the first feed post F1 to the fourth feed post F4, with each pair of feed posts differing by a 90-degree angle. Figure 10 As shown, a power supply circuit is provided on the back side of the third PCB board P3. In this embodiment, a first power supply circuit E1 to a fourth power supply circuit E4 are provided. The metal connection part is electrically connected to the power supply circuit on the back side through vias on the third PCB board P3. The ground port G1 on the back side is connected to the metal ground layer G on the front side of the third PCB board P3 through vias. The power supply circuit is provided with a feed inlet E for lead-out lines. The entire antenna performance parameters can be measured by connecting test lines to the feed inlet E.

[0022] like Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the dielectric support H1 is a solid, flat structure with a certain thickness. Any depressions or protrusions will affect the performance of the antenna. As a link between high and low frequencies, the dielectric parameters of the dielectric have a relationship with adjusting the bandwidth and frequency of the antenna. Targeted adjustments can be made for specific application environments to adjust the performance of the frequency range that combines high and low frequencies.

[0023] like Figure 11 The figure shows the return loss diagram. It can be seen from the figure that the return loss value in the frequency range from 1.15GHz to 1.62GHz is below -10dB, which is a relatively good performance.

[0024] like Figure 12 The figure shows the antenna efficiency graph. It can be seen from the graph that the efficiency is above -4dB in the frequency range from 1.15GHz to 1.62GHz, which is a relatively good performance.

[0025] like Figure 13 As shown, the antenna gain and axial ratio are plotted. The Peak Gain line trace shows that the gain is above 5.5dBi in the frequency range from 1.15GHz to 1.62GHz, which is a relatively good performance. The Axial Ratio line trace shows that the axial ratio is below 3dB in the frequency range from 1.15GHz to 1.62GHz, which is also a relatively good performance.

[0026] like Figure 14 The figure shows the gain trajectory of right-handed circular polarization at a frequency of 1.15 GHz. The Right line trajectory represents the gain value of right-handed circular polarization, and the Left line trajectory represents the gain value of left-handed circular polarization. It is clear from the figure that in the zenith direction (Phi=0, Theta=0), the gain of right-handed circular polarization is much greater than that of left-handed circular polarization, indicating that the antenna performance at this frequency point is right-handed circular polarization. For satellite positioning antennas, right-handed circular polarization performance is a very important indicator, so the right-handed circular polarization performance in the zenith direction is excellent.

[0027] like Figure 15 As shown, this is the gain trajectory diagram for right-handed circular polarization at a frequency of 1.62 GHz. The Right line trajectory represents the gain value of right-handed circular polarization, and the Left line trajectory represents the gain value of left-handed circular polarization. It can be clearly seen from the figure that in the zenith direction (Phi=0, Theta=0), the gain of right-handed circular polarization is much greater than that of left-handed circular polarization, thus indicating that the antenna performance at this frequency point is right-handed circular polarization.

[0028] Furthermore, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified or indicated, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., in the specification are used only to distinguish the various components, elements, and steps in the specification, and are not used to indicate the logical or sequential relationships between the various components, elements, and steps.

[0029] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A high-gain, low-axial-ratio circularly polarized antenna structure, characterized in that, The system includes a first PCB board (P1) on the upper layer, a third PCB board (P3) on the lower layer, and a second PCB board (P2) located between the first PCB board (P1) and the third PCB board (P3). Antenna radiators are provided on the first PCB board (P1) and the second PCB board (P2), and feed circuits are provided on the third PCB board (P3). A dielectric support (H1) is provided between the first PCB board (P1) and the second PCB board (P2) for supporting and adjusting antenna performance. A support bracket (H2) is provided between the second PCB board (P2) and the third PCB board (P3) for support. The second PCB board (P2) is electrically connected to the feed circuit on the third PCB board (P3) through several feed pillars to form a right-hand circularly polarized performance structure.

2. The high-gain, low-axial-ratio circularly polarized antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna radiator on the first PCB board (P1) is composed of a first metal ring (R1) and a second metal ring (R2) disposed inside the first metal ring (R1). The inner and outer diameters of the first metal ring (R1) are used to adjust the low-frequency performance, and the inner and outer diameters of the second metal ring (R2) are used to adjust the high-frequency performance.

3. The high-gain, low-axial-ratio circularly polarized antenna structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The antenna radiator on the second PCB board (P2) includes: A circular metal radiator (C) is disposed on its front side. Several coupling grooves are concentrically distributed on the circular metal radiator (C). The coupling grooves are located below the projection of the first metal ring (R1) and the second metal ring (R2), so that the first metal ring (R1) and the second metal ring (R2) are coupled to each other with the coupling grooves. A plurality of metal radiating plates are disposed on its back side, the plurality of metal radiating plates being distributed around the same center and located below the coupling groove, such that the metal radiating plates are coupled to each other with the first metal ring (R1) and the second metal ring (R2).

4. The high-gain, low-axial-ratio circularly polarized antenna structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The front side of the third PCB board (P3) is provided with a metal ground layer (G) and several metal connection parts that are insulated from the metal ground layer (G). The metal connection parts are electrically connected to the metal radiating sheet on the back side of the second PCB board (P2) through a power supply post. The back side of the third PCB board (P3) is provided with a power supply circuit. The metal connection parts are electrically connected to the power supply circuit on the back side through vias on the third PCB board (P3). The power supply circuit is provided with a feed inlet E for lead-out lines.

5. The high-gain, low-axial-ratio circularly polarized antenna structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The coupling slot and its corresponding metal radiating plate, feeding column and metal connection part are provided in four parts, and each of them is 90 degrees apart from each other.

6. The high-gain, low-axial-ratio circularly polarized antenna structure according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that, The dielectric support (H1) is a solid, flat structure with a certain thickness, serving as a link between high and low frequencies to adjust the performance of the frequency range in which high and low frequencies are combined.

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