Millimeter wave radar waveguide antenna and millimeter wave radar

Abstract

The utility model discloses a millimeter wave radar waveguide antenna and millimeter wave radar relates to antenna technical field, millimeter wave radar waveguide antenna includes substrate and multiple waveguide antennas in the substrate, and waveguide antenna includes the chip adapter section, the feeder line, waveguide section and the loudspeaker antenna that connect gradually, and the chip adapter section is used to connect waveguide chip, and the loudspeaker antenna includes radiating structure and multiple loudspeaker structures, and radiating structure extends along the extension direction of substrate and sets, and radiating structure includes the first radiating section and the second radiating section of setting up symmetrically along waveguide section, and first radiating section and second radiating section all include first radiation area and second radiation area, and second radiation area connects the one end of waveguide section away from feeder line, and first radiation area extends in the direction of away from waveguide section and the extension direction is perpendicular with the extension direction of waveguide section, and second radiation area and first radiation area are arranged at the included angle, and each loudspeaker structure corresponds first radiation area and second radiation area, and extends along the thickness direction of substrate and sets.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a millimeter-wave radar waveguide antenna and a millimeter-wave radar. Background Technology

[0002] As millimeter-wave radar demands increasingly higher performance, multi-channel, miniaturized, and low-cost radar systems are required. Traditional high-frequency microstrip antennas, due to their high dielectric loss and cost, can no longer meet current needs. Millimeter-wave radar waveguide antennas, as a common antenna type, offer advantages such as low link loss, diverse antenna configurations, high gain, and three-dimensional structural design, and are widely used in military radar. In recent years, the maturation of plastic-metallized waveguide antenna manufacturing processes has driven the application of millimeter-wave radar waveguide antennas in automotive radar. However, currently available millimeter-wave radar waveguide antenna structures often face design conflicts with manufacturing processes or molds during molding. Designed structures are difficult to mass-produce using molds, while easily manufactured structures often fail to achieve high gain. Utility Model Content

[0003] The main purpose of this invention is to propose a millimeter-wave radar waveguide antenna and a millimeter-wave radar, aiming to optimize the structure of the millimeter-wave radar waveguide antenna and ensure its antenna gain.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes a millimeter-wave radar waveguide antenna, comprising a substrate and a plurality of waveguide antennas disposed within the substrate. Each waveguide antenna includes a chip adapter section, a feed line, a waveguide section, and a horn antenna connected in sequence. The chip adapter section is used to connect the waveguide chip. The horn antenna includes a radiating structure and multiple horn structures. The radiating structure extends along the extension direction of the substrate. The radiating structure includes a first radiating section and a second radiating section. The first radiating section and the second radiating section are symmetrically arranged along the waveguide section. Both the first radiating segment and the second radiating segment include a first radiating region and a second radiating region. The second radiating region is connected to the end of the waveguide segment away from the feed line. The first radiating region extends in a direction away from the waveguide segment, and the extension direction of the first radiating region is perpendicular to the extension direction of the waveguide segment. The extension direction of the second radiating region is set at an angle to the extension direction of the first radiating region. Each of the speaker structures corresponds to the first radiating region and the second radiating region and extends along the thickness direction of the substrate.

[0005] In one embodiment, the waveguide antenna further includes a perturbation element. The waveguide segment includes an E-plane waveguide and an H-plane waveguide connected to each other. The E-plane waveguide is connected to the feed line. The end of the H-plane waveguide away from the E-plane waveguide is connected to the second radiation region. The perturbation element extends along the thickness direction of the substrate and is located at the connection position between the E-plane waveguide and the H-plane waveguide. The perturbation element is a rectangular block or a pin.

[0006] In one embodiment, the waveguide antenna further includes a tuning element that extends along the thickness direction of the substrate and is located between the two second radiation regions. The tuning element is a rectangular block or a pin.

[0007] In one embodiment, the waveguide antenna further includes a plurality of radiating slots, each of which extends along the thickness direction of the substrate and is arranged at linear intervals along the extension direction of the radiating structure. The two ends of the extension direction of each radiating slot are respectively connected to a first radiating region / second radiating region and a horn structure.

[0008] In one embodiment, the substrate includes a first plate and a second plate disposed along the thickness direction, the waveguide segment and the horn antenna are disposed on the first plate, and a portion of the feed line along the thickness direction is disposed on the first plate, and another portion is disposed on the second plate.

[0009] In one embodiment, the chip adapter section includes a waveguide port and a blocking assembly. The waveguide port connects the feed line and the waveguide chip. The waveguide port is disposed on the second plate and extends along the thickness direction of the second plate. The blocking assembly is connected to the side of the second plate away from the first plate and is disposed around the waveguide port.

[0010] In one embodiment, the barrier assembly includes a shielding edge, a first protrusion, a second protrusion, and a third protrusion. The shielding edge has an annular structure and extends along the side of the second plate away from the first plate, forming a shielding cavity. The waveguide opening, the first protrusion, the second protrusion, and the third protrusion are disposed within the shielding cavity. The first protrusion and the second protrusion are disposed on opposite sides in the width direction of the waveguide opening, and the third protrusion is disposed on one side in the length direction of the waveguide opening and is spaced apart from the waveguide opening.

[0011] In one embodiment, the number of waveguide antennas is A, where 4 ≤ A ≤ 12, and A is an even value.

[0012] In one embodiment, a choke groove is formed on the side of the first plate facing away from the second plate, and the choke groove extends along the extension direction of the horn antenna.

[0013] This invention proposes a millimeter-wave radar waveguide antenna, comprising a substrate and multiple waveguide antennas. The substrate provides the foundation for the integrated mounting of the waveguide antennas, which achieve signal coupling, transmission, and radiation through a segmented cooperative structure. Multiple waveguide antennas are integrated within the substrate in a pre-defined array to ensure the directionality and consistency of signal radiation. Each waveguide antenna's chip adapter segment uses precise docking with the waveguide chip to achieve signal coupling; the feed line is responsible for low-loss signal transmission; the waveguide segment constrains signal transmission according to a specific pattern; the horn antenna serves as the radiation terminal, its radiation structure extending along the substrate's extension direction. The first and second radiation segments are symmetrically distributed along the waveguide segment, with their first and second radiation areas forming an angled structure. The horn structure extends along the substrate's thickness direction to enhance radiation intensity. The chip adapter segment receives signals from the waveguide chip and transmits them to the horn antenna via the feed line and waveguide segment. The symmetrical radiation structure ensures uniform signal distribution, the angled design optimizes the radiation pattern, and the horn structure enhances radiation gain. All components form a complete signal link; the integrated design reduces size, optimizes the millimeter-wave radar structure, and ensures high gain. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a structure of an embodiment of the millimeter-wave radar waveguide antenna provided by this utility model; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of a mid-millimeter wave radar waveguide antenna; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the horn antenna provided by this utility model; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the waveguide antenna unit of this utility model; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of another embodiment of the horn antenna provided by this utility model; Figure 6 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the electric field distribution in a horn antenna. Figure 7 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the front view structure of the horn antenna; Figure 8 This is a top view of the first substrate of this utility model. Figure 9 This is a top view of the second substrate of this utility model; Figure 10 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure on the back of a mid-millimeter wave radar waveguide antenna; Figure 11 for Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the chip adapter section.

[0016] Explanation of icon numbers: 100. Millimeter-wave radar waveguide antenna; 1. Substrate; 11. First plate; 11a. Choke slot; 12. Second plate; 2. Waveguide antenna; 21. Chip adapter section; 211. Waveguide port; 211a. Matching notch; 212. Barrier assembly; 2121. Shielding edge; 2122. First protrusion; 2123. Second protrusion; 2124. Third protrusion; 22. Feed line; 23. Waveguide section; 231. E-plane waveguide; 232. H-plane waveguide; 24. Horn antenna; 241. Radiation structure; 2411. First radiation section; 2412. Second radiation section; 241a. First radiation area; 241b. Second radiation area; 242. Horn structure; 243. Perturbation component; 244. Tuning component; 245. Radiation slot; 246. Gain slot.

[0017] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of this utility model will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present utility model.

[0019] It should be noted that if the embodiments of this utility model involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0020] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this utility model involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the use of "and / or" or "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions. For example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this utility model.

[0021] As millimeter-wave radar demands increasingly higher performance, multi-channel, miniaturized, and low-cost radar systems are required. Traditional high-frequency microstrip antennas, due to their high dielectric loss and cost, can no longer meet current needs. Millimeter-wave radar waveguide antennas, as a common antenna type, offer advantages such as low link loss, diverse antenna configurations, high gain, and three-dimensional structural design, and are widely used in military radar. In recent years, the maturation of plastic-metallized waveguide antenna manufacturing processes has driven the application of millimeter-wave radar waveguide antennas in automotive radar. However, currently available millimeter-wave radar waveguide antenna structures often face design conflicts with manufacturing processes or molds during molding. Designed structures are difficult to mass-produce using molds, while easily manufactured structures often fail to achieve high gain.

[0022] To solve the above problems, please refer to... Figures 1 to 4This utility model proposes a millimeter-wave radar waveguide antenna 100, which includes a substrate 1 and a plurality of waveguide antennas 2 disposed within the substrate 1. Each waveguide antenna 2 includes a chip adapter section 21, a feed line 22, a waveguide section 23, and a horn antenna 24 connected in sequence. The chip adapter section 21 is used to connect a waveguide chip. The horn antenna 24 includes a radiating structure 241 and a plurality of horn structures 242. The radiating structure 241 extends along the extension direction of the substrate 1 and includes a first radiating section 2411 and a second radiating section 2412. The first radiating section 2411 and the second radiating section 2412 extend along the extension direction of the substrate 1. Waveguide segments 23 are symmetrically arranged; the first radiating segment 2411 and the second radiating segment 2412 each include a first radiating region 241a and a second radiating region 241b. The second radiating region 241b is connected to the end of the waveguide segment 23 away from the feed line 22. The first radiating region 241a extends in a direction away from the waveguide segment 23, and the extension direction of the first radiating region 241a is perpendicular to the extension direction of the waveguide segment 23. The extension direction of the second radiating region 241b is set at an angle to the extension direction of the first radiating region 241a. Each speaker structure 242 corresponds to the first radiating region 241a and the second radiating region 241b, and extends along the thickness direction of the substrate 1.

[0023] This invention proposes a millimeter-wave radar waveguide antenna 100, suitable for scenarios requiring high-precision signal transmission and directional radiation, such as vehicle-mounted radar. Through an integrated waveguide structure design, it achieves low-loss transmission and high-gain radiation of millimeter-wave signals, providing a stable signal transmission and reception carrier for radar systems. The millimeter-wave radar waveguide antenna 100 includes a substrate 1 and multiple waveguide antennas 2. The substrate 1 provides an integrated mounting base for the waveguide antennas 2. The waveguide antennas 2 complete signal coupling, transmission, and radiation through a segmented cooperative structure. Multiple waveguide antennas 2 are integrated into the substrate 1 in a preset array to ensure the directionality and consistency of signal radiation. Each waveguide antenna 2 has a metallized chip adapter segment 21 that precisely connects to the waveguide chip to achieve signal coupling. The feed line 22 is a microstrip line or coplanar waveguide structure responsible for low-loss signal transmission. The waveguide segment 23 is a metal-enclosed channel that constrains the signal transmission according to a specific pattern. The horn antenna 24 serves as a radiating terminal, with its radiating structure 241 extending along the substrate 1. The first radiating segment 2411 and the second radiating segment 2412 are symmetrically distributed along the waveguide segment 23, and their first radiating region 241a and second radiating region 241b form an angled structure. The horn structure 242 extends along the thickness direction of the substrate 1 to enhance the radiation intensity. The chip adapter segment 21 receives the signal from the waveguide chip and transmits it to the horn antenna 24 via the feed line 22 and the waveguide segment 23. The symmetrical radiating structure 241 ensures uniform signal distribution, the angled design optimizes the radiation pattern, and the horn structure 242 enhances the radiation gain. All components form a complete signal link. The integrated design reduces the size, optimizes the structure of the millimeter-wave radar, and ensures high gain.

[0024] In one embodiment, please refer to Figures 3 to 5 The waveguide antenna 2 also includes a perturbation element 243. The waveguide segment 23 includes an E-plane waveguide 231 and an H-plane waveguide 232 that are connected to each other. The E-plane waveguide 231 is connected to the feed line 22. The end of the H-plane waveguide 232 away from the E-plane waveguide 231 is connected to the second radiation region 241b. The perturbation element 243 extends along the thickness direction of the substrate 1 and is located at the connection position between the E-plane waveguide 231 and the H-plane waveguide 232. The perturbation element 243 is a rectangular block or a pin.

[0025] Waveguide segment 23 includes an E-plane waveguide 231 and an H-plane waveguide 232. The E-plane waveguide 231 connects to the feed line 22 and adopts a rectangular cross-section structure to adapt to the transmission mode of the output signal of the feed line 22. The H-plane waveguide 232 connects to the second radiation region 241b, and its cross-sectional dimensions match those of the E-plane waveguide 231 to ensure a smooth signal transition. The size and position of the adjustment component enable better electromagnetic field conversion. The perturbation component 243 is a rectangular block or pin made of metal, extending along the thickness direction of the substrate 1, and fixed at the connection position between the E-plane waveguide 231 and the H-plane waveguide 232. It fits tightly against the inner wall of the waveguide and does not obstruct the signal transmission channel. The connection between the E-plane waveguide 231 and the H-plane waveguide 232 forms a continuous transmission path. The perturbation component 243 adjusts the signal phase and amplitude by changing the electromagnetic field distribution at the connection point. When the millimeter-wave signal is transmitted to the connection point via the E-plane waveguide 231, the perturbation element 243 precisely disturbs the electromagnetic field, adapting the signal to the transmission mode of the H-plane waveguide 232, reducing mode conversion loss, and optimizing subsequent radiation effects. The perturbation element 243, with its rectangular block or pin structure, is easy to manufacture, precisely positioned, and allows for targeted adjustment of the electromagnetic field distribution. This design, through the perturbation element 243, optimizes signal transmission characteristics, reduces mode conversion loss, and improves impedance matching performance, contributing to enhanced signal transmission stability and radiation effects of the millimeter-wave radar waveguide antenna 100.

[0026] In one embodiment, please refer to Figures 4 to 6 The waveguide antenna 2 also includes a tuning element 244, which extends along the thickness direction of the substrate 1 and is located between the two second radiation regions 241b. The tuning element 244 is a rectangular block or a pin.

[0027] The tuner 244, a rectangular block or pin made of metal, extends along the thickness of the substrate 1 and is fixed in the gap between the two second radiation regions 241b, fitting snugly against the surface of the radiation region without obstructing the signal radiation path. The dimensions of the tuner 244 are designed according to the millimeter-wave wavelength and the parameters of the radiation structure 241 to ensure effective control of the radiation field. The two second radiation regions 241b are symmetrically distributed, and the tuner 244 adjusts the electromagnetic field distribution through electromagnetic induction coupling. When the electromagnetic wave signal is transmitted to the second radiation region 241b, the tuner 244 acts on the surrounding electromagnetic field, optimizing the main lobe width and sidelobe suppression ratio of the radiation pattern, while simultaneously adjusting impedance matching to concentrate the signal radiation. The rectangular block or pin structure of the tuner 244 facilitates integration and allows for precise adjustment according to radiation performance requirements. By actively controlling the radiation field through the tuner 244, signal directivity and gain are improved, sidelobe interference is reduced, and the detection accuracy and anti-interference capability of the radar system are further enhanced.

[0028] In one embodiment, please refer to Figures 4 to 7 The waveguide antenna 2 also includes a radiation slot 245. Each radiation slot 245 extends along the thickness direction of the substrate 1 and is arranged in a straight line at intervals along the extension direction of the radiation structure 241. The two ends of the extension direction of each radiation slot 245 are respectively connected to a first radiation area 241a / second radiation area 241b and a horn structure 242.

[0029] The waveguide antenna 2 is equipped with a radiation slot 245, which is a metallized slotted structure that extends through the substrate 1 along its thickness direction. The two ends of the slot are connected to the radiation structure 241 and the horn structure 242, respectively. The width and length of the slot match the millimeter-wave wavelength to ensure efficient signal coupling. Specifically, in this embodiment, the radiation structure 241 includes two symmetrically arranged first radiation regions 241a and two symmetrically arranged second radiation regions 241b, forming four waveguide cavities. A radiation slot 245 is formed above each of the first and second radiation regions 241a and 241b, for a total of four radiation slots 245. A horn structure 242 is connected to the top of each radiation slot 245. The four radiation slots 245 and the four horn structures 242 are arranged in a straight line along the extension direction of the radiation structure 241. The four radiation slots 245 respectively cut the surface current of the four waveguide cavities, ensuring that their radiation pattern has a low sidelobe level throughout the entire three-dimensional direction. The four radiating slots 245 have a slot length along the substrate thickness direction that is half the waveguide wavelength. The inner walls of the radiating slots 245 are metallized to improve conductivity, reduce transmission loss, and have smooth, burr-free edges to avoid electromagnetic scattering. The millimeter-wave signal generated by the radiating structure 241 is coupled to the horn structure 242 through the radiating slots 245. The extension direction of the slots is consistent with the signal transmission direction, ensuring a smooth transmission path. The radiating slots 245 act as a signal transition, reducing reflection and leakage at the connection between the radiating structure 241 and the horn structure 242, while filtering clutter signals and improving signal purity. This design optimizes signal coupling efficiency, reduces loss and interference, enhances the radiation stability of the horn antenna 24, and improves the detection performance of the millimeter-wave radar.

[0030] In one embodiment, Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 8 as well as Figure 9 The substrate 1 includes a first plate 11 and a second plate 12 arranged along the thickness direction. The waveguide section 23 and the horn antenna 24 are disposed on the first plate 11. A portion of the feed line 22 along the thickness direction is disposed on the first plate 11, and another portion is disposed on the second plate 12.

[0031] The substrate 1 adopts a double-layer structure, including a first plate 11 and a second plate 12 stacked along the thickness direction. Both are plastic substrates 1, fixed by adhesive or bolts, and positioning pins can be set at the connection to ensure precise alignment. The waveguide section 23 and the horn antenna 24 are integrated into the first plate 11, and the feed line 22 is separately located on the first plate 11 and the second plate 12 along the thickness direction, and electrically connected through metallized vias. The first plate 11 provides support and protection for the waveguide section 23 and the horn antenna 24, while the second plate 12 carries part of the structure of the feed line 22 and the chip adapter section 21, realizing a layered layout of functional components. The layered design allows the signal transmission path to be functionally partitioned, avoiding electromagnetic interference between components. The metallized vias ensure continuous signal transmission of the feed line 22, and the positioning pins ensure the alignment accuracy of the two plates. In addition, by separating the waveguide antenna 2 on the first plate 11 and the second plate 12, the antenna molding and manufacturing can be facilitated. Cavities can be pre-formed on the first plate 11 and the second plate 12 according to the shape of the waveguide antenna 2. The antenna structure is formed by plating copper or silver in the cavity. Finally, the first plate 11 and the second plate 12 are merged and connected to realize the fabrication of millimeter-wave radar. This double-layer structure not only facilitates the mass production of millimeter-wave radar waveguide antenna 100, but also helps to enhance structural stability and signal transmission reliability, adapting to the miniaturization and integration requirements of radar systems.

[0032] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 10 and Figure 11 The chip adapter section 21 includes a waveguide port 211 and a barrier assembly 212. The waveguide port 211 connects the feed line 22 and the waveguide chip. The waveguide port 211 is located on the second plate 12 and extends along the thickness direction of the second plate 12. The barrier assembly 212 is connected to the side of the second plate 12 away from the first plate 11 and is located around the waveguide port 211.

[0033] The chip adapter section 21 includes a waveguide port 211 and a blocking assembly 212. The waveguide port 211 is a metallized through-hole, located on the second plate 12 and extending along its thickness. One end connects to the feed line 22, and the other end connects to the waveguide chip, achieving efficient signal coupling. The blocking assembly 212 is a metal structure, fixed to the side of the second plate 12 opposite to the first plate 11, surrounding the waveguide port 211 to form a closed protective structure. The waveguide port 211 precisely connects to the feed line 22 and the waveguide chip, ensuring bidirectional signal transmission. The blocking assembly 212, through its electromagnetic shielding properties, blocks external clutter interference and reflects leaked signals from the waveguide port 211, improving signal utilization. The blocking assembly 212 is firmly connected to the second plate 12 and does not affect the installation and removal of the waveguide chip. Efficient signal coupling is achieved through the waveguide port 211, and the blocking assembly 212 enhances electromagnetic shielding, reduces interference and leakage, improves antenna signal coupling efficiency and stability, and provides reliable signal input for the radar system.

[0034] Furthermore, the barrier assembly 212 includes a shielding edge 2121, a first protrusion 2122, a second protrusion 2123, and a third protrusion 2124. The shielding edge 2121 is arranged in a ring structure and extends along the side of the second plate 12 away from the first plate 11, forming a shielding cavity. The waveguide port 211, the first protrusion 2122, the second protrusion 2123, and the third protrusion 2124 are disposed in the shielding cavity. The first protrusion 2122 and the second protrusion 2123 are disposed on opposite sides of the waveguide port 211 in the width direction, and the third protrusion 2124 is disposed on one side of the waveguide port 211 in the length direction and is spaced apart from the waveguide port 211.

[0035] The blocking assembly 212 consists of a shielding edge 2121, a first protrusion 2122, a second protrusion 2123, and a third protrusion 2124. The shielding edge 2121 is a ring-shaped metal structure that extends vertically along the second plate 12, enclosing a shielding cavity with dimensions adapted to the waveguide chip mounting area. The waveguide port 211 and the three protrusions are all located within the shielding cavity. The first protrusion 2122, the second protrusion 2123, and the third protrusion 2124 are all metal blocks. The first protrusion 2122 and the second protrusion 2123 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the width direction of the waveguide port 211; the third protrusion 2124 is arranged on one side of the length direction of the waveguide port 211 and is spaced apart. All three are fixed to the second plate 12. The shielding edge 2121 encloses and forms a pure coupling environment, blocking external electromagnetic interference; the first protrusion 2122 and the second protrusion 2123 symmetrically adjust the electromagnetic field distribution, and the third protrusion 2124 further fine-tunes and optimizes signal coupling efficiency. The protrusions are spaced apart from the waveguide port 211, which does not affect signal transmission and enhances the shielding effect. This multi-protrusion design improves electromagnetic shielding performance and enhances coupling efficiency through electromagnetic field optimization, ensuring stable input of millimeter-wave signals and helping to enhance the overall performance of the millimeter-wave radar waveguide antenna 100.

[0036] In one embodiment, the number of waveguide antennas 2 is A, where 4 ≤ A ≤ 12, and A is an even value.

[0037] The number of waveguide antennas 2 is an even number between 4 and 12, with the specific number determined based on radar detection requirements and the size of the substrate 1. Each waveguide antenna 2 is arranged in two rows at intervals, with the same number of waveguide antennas 2 in each row. The chip adapter sections 21 of each waveguide antenna 2 are centrally connected and located within the shielding cavity of the shielding baffle 2121. An even number of antennas in the array ensures a symmetrical radiation pattern, reduces sidelobe interference, and improves the main lobe gain. Four antennas are suitable for basic detection requirements of small radar systems, while 12 antennas are suitable for high-precision, long-range detection scenarios. Multiple antennas work together to improve signal coverage and resolution. The consistent structural parameters of each antenna ensure consistent signal transmission and radiation, and the array arrangement allows the radiated signals to superimpose to form a directional beam. This design of number and arrangement is suitable for radar systems of different power and precision. Through the synergy of multiple antennas, radiation performance is enhanced, radar detection range, resolution, and anti-interference capability are improved, expanding the application range of the millimeter-wave radar waveguide antenna 100. In this embodiment, there are 8 waveguide antennas 2, with 4 waveguide antennas 2 arranged in each row. Each waveguide antenna 2 has a waveguide port 211 that is perpendicular to the length direction of its adjacent waveguide port 211. Each waveguide port 211 has a first protrusion 2122 and a second protrusion 2123 on both sides of its width direction. Electromagnetic wave shielding can be achieved on both sides of each waveguide port 211 along its length direction using the first protrusion 2122 and / or the second protrusion 2123 at adjacent waveguide ports 211, preventing electromagnetic wave leakage at the waveguide port 211. Waveguide ports 211 located on the periphery or those far from the first and second protrusions 2122 and 2123 of adjacent waveguide ports 211 can have a third protrusion 2124 provided on one or both sides of their length direction to prevent electromagnetic wave leakage and ensure efficient electromagnetic wave transmission.

[0038] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 A choke groove 11a is formed on the side of the first plate 11 facing away from the second plate 12, and the choke groove 11a extends along the extension direction of the horn antenna 24.

[0039] A choke slot 11a is formed on the side of the first plate 11 facing away from the second plate 12. The choke slot 11a is a rectangular metallized slot, arranged along the extension direction of the horn antenna 24. Its length matches the radiating structure 241, and its width and depth are adapted to the millimeter-wave wavelength, maintaining a reasonable distance from the horn antenna 24. During millimeter-wave radiation, some signals form surface waves along the surface of the substrate 1, resulting in energy loss and interference. The choke slot 11a suppresses surface waves through resonant absorption and reflection, confining the energy in the radiation direction. The metallized slot wall enhances the reflection effect and improves the choke efficiency. The design of the choke slot 11a can effectively suppress surface wave interference, reduce signal leakage and loss, improve the radiation gain and pattern purity of the horn antenna 24, and enhance the detection performance of the millimeter-wave radar waveguide antenna 100.

[0040] The following is a detailed description of an embodiment of the millimeter-wave radar in this scheme: Please refer to Figures 1 to 5 The millimeter-wave radar waveguide antenna 100 includes eight waveguide antenna 2 elements. Each waveguide antenna 2 element includes a chip adapter section 21, a feed line 22, a waveguide section 23, and a horn antenna 24 connected in sequence. Electromagnetic waves come from the E-plane waveguide 231 and are converted by the E-plane waveguide 231 for transmission through the H-plane waveguide 232. A perturbation element 243 is added in between to achieve smooth electromagnetic wave conversion. The perturbation element 243 is located at the bottom of the H-plane waveguide 232, and adjusting its size and position can achieve better electromagnetic field conversion. The perturbation element 243 can be a rectangular block or composed of two pins.

[0041] After the electromagnetic wave is transmitted from the E-plane waveguide 231 to the H-plane waveguide 232, it is evenly distributed to both ends of the waveguide cavity by a T-type power divider. The protruding tuning element 244 is a key tuning component for impedance matching; it can be a rectangular block or a pin connecting the upper and lower layers of the waveguide. The electromagnetic signal is evenly distributed by the tuning element 244 to the first radiation segment 2411 and the second radiation segment 2412, which are symmetrically distributed along the centerline.

[0042] Please refer to Figures 3 to 6 The antenna has four radiating slots 245 cut into the upper surface of the first radiating region 241a and the second radiating region 241b on the first radiating segment 2411 and the second radiating segment 2412, respectively. Electromagnetic waves are radiated into free space through the slot horn, completing the antenna's transmission and reception. The four radiating slots 245 are themselves in a straight line, ensuring that their radiation pattern has a low sidelobe level in the entire three-dimensional direction. The slot length of the four slots is half the waveguide wavelength. The four slots cut the surface current of the four waveguide segments respectively. The four slots are located at different positions in the four waveguide segments. Specifically, the slots of the two symmetrically arranged first radiating regions 241a are located in the waveguide segments perpendicular to the H-plane waveguide 232, and the radiating slots 245 of the two symmetrically arranged second radiating regions 241b are located in the inclined waveguide segments. Because the second radiation zone 241b is inclined, the electric field passing through it has both vertical and horizontal components. The horizontal electric fields of the left and right second radiation zones 241b cancel each other out, while the vertical electric fields radiate in the same direction. Since both second radiation zones 241b only have a vertical electric field, this ensures that the current direction of the four radiation gaps 245 is solely vertical and radiates in the same direction. The amplitude and phase of the radiated electric field of the four radiation gaps 245 can be adjusted by the inclination angle φ of the second radiation zone 241b and the distance S between the centers of the four gaps and the rectangular segments they are offset from.

[0043] Four radiating slots 245 are vertically connected to four horn structures 242 to adjust the beam gain and beamwidth. A rectangular gain slot 246 is then cut into each of the four horn structures 242 to further enhance the gain in the 0-degree direction. Slender rectangular choke slots 11a are cut on both sides of each of the eight horn antennas 24. The choke slots 11a on both sides of the antenna element are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the horn antenna 24. The distance from the horn antenna 24, the slot width, and the depth all adjust the horizontal antenna pattern. To meet the mold extraction angle requirements, the slot width to slot depth ratio needs to be greater than 0.5.

[0044] Please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 8 as well as Figure 9 Eight feed lines 22 are distributed at one end to eight horn antennas 24, and at the other end to the chip adapter section 21 of the waveguide chip. All eight feed lines 22 are E-plane waveguides 231, with hollow rectangular slots carved into the first board 11 and the second board 12 respectively. It is necessary to ensure that at least 1mm of wall thickness is maintained on both sides of the feed line 22 for SMT solder paste soldering. All eight feed lines 22 converge at the position where the waveguide antenna 2 is vertically connected to the LOP chip. The LOP chip is surface-mounted on the PCB surface, and the signal is transmitted to the waveguide port 211 (double-ridge waveguide, single-ridge waveguide, or rectangular waveguide) in the PCB. The vertically positioned waveguide port 211 is bent at 90 degrees and connected to the feed line 22. Polarization conversion and impedance matching are achieved by cutting matching notches 211a at the bend. For horizontal feed lines 22, when bent at a horizontal 90-degree angle, matching notches 211a are also cut at the bend to achieve impedance matching. To ensure minimal electromagnetic leakage even when gaps exist at the contact surface between the PCB and waveguide antenna 2, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 10 and Figure 11A first protrusion 2122, a second protrusion 2123, and a third protrusion 2124 are added around the waveguide opening 211. This structure is equivalent to adding an EBG structure between the PCB copper foil and the bottom of the waveguide antenna 2. The EBG structure can tolerate a certain amount of air gaps, but ensures that most of the electromagnetic waves do not leak out from the gaps. The structure of this embodiment can tolerate a maximum gap of 0.2mm between the PCB and the waveguide antenna 2 after assembly without significantly reducing the antenna's radiation performance. The height of the first protrusion 2122, the second protrusion 2123, and the third protrusion 2124 is optimally one-quarter of the wavelength. The length L1 of the first protrusion 2122 and the second protrusion 2123 is close to the length of the waveguide opening 211, and the width W0 of the first protrusion 2122 and the second protrusion 2123 needs to be at least 0.5mm to meet the mold requirements for processing. The spacing S0 between the connected rectangular blocks needs to be at least greater than 0.5mm. The width of the third protrusion 2124 is consistent with that of the first protrusion 2122 and the second protrusion 2123, and its length is adjusted accordingly to meet the requirement of a 0.5mm interval. In addition, the shielding edge 2121 provided on the outside can protect the first protrusion 2122, the second protrusion 2123 and the third protrusion 2124 from breakage due to excessive force during assembly, and can also produce a certain shielding effect to further prevent electromagnetic wave leakage.

[0045] Both the first plate 11 and the second plate 12 are made of plastic. In manufacturing the millimeter-wave radar waveguide antenna 100, the required shapes and cavities are injection molded onto the first plate 11 and the second plate 12, respectively. Then, a metal such as copper or silver is plated onto the surface; this can be done using electroplating or physical deposition coating. Finally, the two plastic plates are soldered together using SMT solder paste to form the finished antenna. Antennas manufactured using this process are lightweight, can be mass-produced quickly, and are low-cost, making them highly suitable for the needs of automotive millimeter-wave radar waveguide antennas 100. They meet the manufacturing process requirements while ensuring the antenna's radio frequency performance, demonstrating excellent engineering practicality.

[0046] This invention also proposes a millimeter-wave radar, which includes a millimeter-wave radar waveguide antenna 100. The specific structure of the millimeter-wave radar waveguide antenna 100 is as described in the above embodiments. Since this millimeter-wave radar waveguide antenna 100 adopts all the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, it has at least all the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, which will not be described in detail here. The millimeter-wave radar also includes a waveguide chip, a signal processing module, a transmit / receive module, and a power supply module. Each module is electrically connected to the antenna and works collaboratively. The waveguide chip generates a millimeter-wave signal, which is transmitted to the horn antenna 24 for directional radiation via the chip adapter section 21, feed line 22, and waveguide section 23. The target reflected echo is received by the antenna and transmitted to the waveguide chip. The signal processing module analyzes and calculates the target parameters, and the power supply module provides stable power. The antenna's efficient coupling and radiation performance ensure signal transmission power and receiving sensitivity. The signal processing module optimizes measurement accuracy, achieving precise measurement of target parameters. The compact structure adapts to various installation scenarios, operates stably in complex environments, meets the detection needs of different scenarios, and enhances the practicality and competitiveness of the millimeter-wave radar system.

[0047] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of the present utility model and does not limit the patent scope of the present utility model. Any equivalent structural transformations made based on the technical concept of the present utility model and the contents of the present utility model specification and drawings, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A millimeter-wave radar waveguide antenna, characterized in that, The millimeter-wave radar waveguide antenna includes a substrate and a plurality of waveguide antennas disposed within the substrate. Each waveguide antenna includes a chip adapter section, a feed line, a waveguide section, and a horn antenna connected in sequence. The chip adapter section is used to connect the waveguide chip. The horn antenna includes a radiating structure and multiple horn structures. The radiating structure extends along the extension direction of the substrate. The radiating structure includes a first radiating section and a second radiating section. The first radiating section and the second radiating section are symmetrically arranged along the waveguide section. Both the first radiating segment and the second radiating segment include a first radiating region and a second radiating region. The second radiating region is connected to the end of the waveguide segment away from the feed line. The first radiating region extends in a direction away from the waveguide segment, and the extension direction of the first radiating region is perpendicular to the extension direction of the waveguide segment. The extension direction of the second radiating region is set at an angle to the extension direction of the first radiating region. Each of the speaker structures corresponds to the first radiating region and the second radiating region and extends along the thickness direction of the substrate.

2. The millimeter-wave radar waveguide antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The waveguide antenna further includes a perturbation element. The waveguide segment includes an E-plane waveguide and an H-plane waveguide connected to each other. The E-plane waveguide is connected to the feed line. The end of the H-plane waveguide away from the E-plane waveguide is connected to the second radiation region. The perturbation element extends along the thickness direction of the substrate and is located at the connection position between the E-plane waveguide and the H-plane waveguide. The perturbation element is a rectangular block or a pin.

3. The millimeter-wave radar waveguide antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The waveguide antenna further includes a tuning element that extends along the thickness direction of the substrate and is located between the two second radiation regions. The tuning element is a rectangular block or a pin.

4. The millimeter-wave radar waveguide antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The waveguide antenna also includes a plurality of radiating slots, each of which extends along the thickness direction of the substrate and is arranged at linear intervals along the extension direction of the radiating structure. The two ends of the extension direction of each radiating slot are respectively connected to a first radiating region / second radiating region and a horn structure.

5. The millimeter-wave radar waveguide antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The substrate includes a first plate and a second plate arranged along the thickness direction. The waveguide segment and the horn antenna are disposed on the first plate. A portion of the feed line along the thickness direction is disposed on the first plate, and another portion is disposed on the second plate.

6. The millimeter-wave radar waveguide antenna as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The chip adapter section includes a waveguide port and a blocking assembly. The waveguide port connects the feed line and the waveguide chip. The waveguide port is located on the second plate and extends along the thickness direction of the second plate. The blocking assembly is connected to the side of the second plate away from the first plate and is located around the waveguide port.

7. The millimeter-wave radar waveguide antenna as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The barrier assembly includes a shielding edge, a first protrusion, a second protrusion, and a third protrusion. The shielding edge is annular and extends along the side of the second plate away from the first plate, forming a shielding cavity. The waveguide port, the first protrusion, the second protrusion, and the third protrusion are disposed within the shielding cavity. The first protrusion and the second protrusion are disposed on opposite sides of the width direction of the waveguide port, and the third protrusion is disposed on one side of the length direction of the waveguide port and is spaced apart from the waveguide port.

8. The millimeter-wave radar waveguide antenna as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The number of waveguide antennas is A, where 4 ≤ A ≤ 12, and A is an even number.

9. The millimeter-wave radar waveguide antenna as described in claim 6, characterized in that, A choke groove is formed on the side of the first plate facing away from the second plate, and the choke groove extends along the extension direction of the horn antenna.

10. A millimeter-wave radar, characterized in that, Including a millimeter-wave radar waveguide antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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