Multifunctional power distribution switch cabinet for charging station

Abstract

The application relates to the power distribution technology field of charging stations, in particular to a multifunctional power distribution switch cabinet for a charging station, which comprises a main control module, a power switching module and an energy coordination management module. The main control module realizes seamless switching among commercial power, photovoltaic and energy storage equipment through signal control of the relay unit of the power switching module, and coordinates photovoltaic access, energy storage control and load distribution components in the energy coordination management module to perform efficient electric energy management. The application can preferentially utilize commercial power supply and store excess photovoltaic energy, automatically switches to a standby generator set or an energy storage system when commercial power is interrupted, ensures charging continuity, simultaneously realizes real-time monitoring of the running state through a touch screen, improves the green energy utilization rate, reduces operation cost, and is convenient for operation and maintenance and fault troubleshooting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of electrical equipment technology, specifically to a multi-functional power distribution switch cabinet for charging stations. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing popularity of electric vehicles, charging stations, as crucial infrastructure, place higher demands on the safety, stability, and multifunctionality of power distribution systems. While traditional power distribution switchgear is relatively mature in terms of power distribution and control, it still has many shortcomings in adapting to the complex operating conditions of charging stations, multi-mode power supply management, and intelligent operation and maintenance.

[0003] A search revealed a patent (CN117578693B) for a "multi-control power distribution switchgear." This solution achieves multi-power switching and backup power supply functions by setting up a mains power control unit, a battery swapping control unit, and a generator set control unit. However, this design is mainly geared towards continuous industrial production scenarios and has the following problems in charging station applications: its structure focuses on fixed power switching, resulting in weak real-time response capabilities to dynamic load changes in charging piles; the system lacks an integrated intelligent monitoring module, and remote status monitoring and fault early warning functions are missing, making it difficult to meet the needs of unmanned operation in modern charging stations; furthermore, although the device has a relatively fast switching speed in the event of a sudden power outage, it lacks support for the connection of energy storage devices, affecting the continuity of the charging process.

[0004] A search revealed another patent, CN118508595B, which discloses a "high-efficiency power distribution management circuit for switchgear." This circuit achieves multi-branch power interactive management through a power detection and control module, an intelligent control module, and a bidirectional adjustment module. While this solution has advantages in improving power distribution efficiency, it still has limitations: its control logic is based on preset rules, lacking self-learning and adaptive capabilities, making it difficult to flexibly schedule charging tasks for different vehicle models and power requirements; the circuit does not fully consider new energy access scenarios, such as the collaborative management of multiple energy sources like photovoltaics and energy storage, limiting its application in green energy charging stations; furthermore, the circuit relies on numerous hardware components, increasing maintenance costs and hindering large-scale deployment.

[0005] In summary, existing power distribution switchgear technology, when applied to charging station scenarios, generally suffers from problems such as low intelligence, weak multi-source coordination capabilities, untimely dynamic response, and poor ease of operation and maintenance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose a multifunctional power distribution switchgear suitable for charging station environments, possessing functions such as intelligent control, multi-energy access, rapid switching, and remote monitoring to meet the development needs of modern charging infrastructure. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This utility model relates to the field of power distribution technology for charging stations, specifically to a multifunctional power distribution switchgear for charging stations, including a main control module, a power switching module, and an energy collaborative management module. The main control module is connected to the power switching module via a data cable, and a signal transmission interface is provided between the output end of the main control module and the input end of the energy collaborative management module. The power switching module contains multiple independent relay units, each connected to the mains power input, the energy storage device input, and the backup generator input. The energy collaborative management module includes a photovoltaic access component, an energy storage control component, and a load distribution component, all of which are fixed to the middle partition of the switchgear via internal guide rail mounting brackets.

[0007] The relay units of the power switching module employ electromagnetic drive. Their electromagnet coil windings are excited by pulse signals from the main control module, enabling rapid contact switching. Each relay unit's contact group consists of normally open and normally closed contacts. The normally open contacts are used to connect to the mains input or photovoltaic modules, while the normally closed contacts are connected to the standby generator input. The relay unit's base is bolted to the lower partition of the switchgear, with its terminals facing the rear panel for easy access and wiring of external cables.

[0008] The core component of the main control module is an embedded processor, which monitors parameters such as mains voltage, energy storage device power, and photovoltaic power generation in real time through multiple analog signal acquisition channels. The processor's output is connected to the electromagnet coil of the relay unit via a PWM signal generation circuit, thereby precisely controlling the relay's operating time. A touchscreen operation panel is located on the front of the main control module to display the current operating status and historical data records.

[0009] The photovoltaic (PV) access components in the energy collaborative management module include a DC-AC inverter and a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller, both mounted side-by-side on the middle partition of the switchgear via DIN rail mounting brackets. The inverter's input is connected to the external PV array via cables, while its output is connected to the input of the load distribution components via copper busbars. The energy storage control components include a bidirectional DC-DC converter and a battery management system, both secured to the same mounting bracket with threaded fasteners. Their signal cables are shielded and connected to the communication interface of the main control module.

[0010] The load distribution unit consists of multiple independent solid-state relays. The input terminals of each solid-state relay are connected to the mains power, the output terminals of the photovoltaic inverter, and the output terminals of the energy storage system, respectively. Their output terminals are connected to the charging pile load via a busbar. The heat sinks of the solid-state relays are connected to the cooling fans on the side wall of the switchgear using thermal grease, achieving efficient heat dissipation. The housing of the load distribution unit is made of aluminum alloy, and its bottom is connected to the middle partition of the switchgear via a sliding groove structure for easy disassembly and maintenance.

[0011] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Through the coordinated control of the power switching module and the energy collaborative management module by the main control module, seamless switching between mains power, photovoltaic (PV) power, and energy storage devices is achieved. When the mains power is normal, the main control module prioritizes mains power supply and stores excess PV power in the energy storage device. When the mains power is interrupted, the main control module automatically switches to a backup generator or energy storage system based on the remaining power in the energy storage device, thus ensuring the continuity of the charging process. Furthermore, the main control module displays the real-time status of each power source and load distribution via a touchscreen control panel, facilitating remote monitoring and troubleshooting by maintenance personnel. The PV access components and energy storage control components in the energy collaborative management module improve the utilization rate of green energy and reduce operating costs through efficient power conversion and management strategies. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the modules of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.

[0013] The attached figures are labeled as follows: 1. Main control module; 2. Power switching module; 3. Energy collaborative management module; 4. Relay unit; 5. Touch screen operation panel; 6. Photovoltaic access component; 7. Energy storage control component; 8. Load distribution component; 9. Cooling fan. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present utility model without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0015] Those skilled in the art will understand that, unless specifically stated otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “described” used herein may also include the plural forms. It should be further understood that the word “comprising” as used in this specification means the presence of the described features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0016] This utility model relates to a multi-functional power distribution switch cabinet for charging stations, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the overall structure of the switchgear includes a main control module 1, a power switching module 2, and an energy collaborative management module 3. These three modules are arranged according to functional zones and interconnected within the switchgear. The main control module 1 is connected to the power switching module 2 via a data cable. A signal transmission interface is provided between its output terminal and the input terminal of the energy collaborative management module 3. The signal transmission interface uses standard industrial-grade connectors to ensure the stability and reliability of signal transmission. The power switching module 2 contains multiple independent relay units 4. Each relay unit 4 is connected to the mains input terminal, the energy storage device input terminal, and the standby generator input terminal, respectively. The base of the relay unit 4 is fixed to the lower partition of the switchgear with bolts, and its terminals face the rear panel of the switchgear for easy access and wiring of external cables.

[0017] It is worth noting that the relay unit 4 is designed with an electromagnetic drive mechanism. Its electromagnet coil winding is excited by pulse signals from the main control module 1, thereby achieving rapid contact switching. The contact group of relay unit 4 consists of normally open and normally closed contacts. The normally open contacts are used to connect to the mains input terminal or the photovoltaic access module 6, while the normally closed contacts are connected to the standby generator input terminal. The base of relay unit 4 is bolted to the lower partition of the switch cabinet. Its installation position is precisely designed to ensure that mechanical vibration does not affect stability during contact switching. The wiring terminals are made of copper and silver-plated to reduce contact resistance and improve conductivity.

[0018] The core component of the main control module 1 is an embedded processor. This processor monitors parameters such as mains voltage, energy storage device power, and photovoltaic power generation in real time through multiple analog signal acquisition channels. The processor's output is connected to the electromagnet coil of the relay unit 4 via a PWM signal generation circuit, thereby precisely controlling the relay's operating time. The front of the main control module 1 features a touchscreen operation panel 5. The touchscreen operation panel 5 has a simple and intuitive display interface, showing the current operating status and historical data records, facilitating monitoring and troubleshooting by maintenance personnel.

[0019] The energy collaborative management module 3 includes a photovoltaic (PV) access component 6, an energy storage control component 7, and a load distribution component 8. These components are fixed to the middle partition of the switchgear via internal DIN rail mounting brackets. The PV access component 6 includes a DC-AC inverter and a maximum power point tracking controller, both fixed side-by-side to the middle partition of the switchgear via DIN rail mounting brackets. The inverter's input is connected to the external PV array via cables, while its output is connected to the input of the load distribution component 8 via copper busbars. The energy storage control component 7 includes a bidirectional DC-DC converter and a battery management system, both fixed to the same mounting bracket with threaded fasteners. Its signal cables are shielded and connected to the communication interface of the main control module 1. The DIN rail mounting bracket design facilitates the installation and replacement of each component while ensuring good reliability and stability of the electrical connections between them.

[0020] The load distribution component 8 consists of multiple independent solid-state relays. The input terminals of each solid-state relay are connected to the output terminals of the mains power, the photovoltaic inverter, and the energy storage system, respectively, while its output terminal is connected to the charging pile load via a busbar. This design also prevents heat buildup from affecting the normal operation of the solid-state relays. The housing of the load distribution component 8 is made of aluminum alloy.

[0021] During actual operation, when the mains power is normal, the main control module 1 monitors the mains voltage parameters and prioritizes mains power supply. At this time, the normally open contact of relay unit 4 closes, and the mains input terminal is connected to the load distribution component 8. Simultaneously, the main control module 1 adjusts the operating point of the photovoltaic array in real time through the maximum power point tracking controller of the photovoltaic access component 6 to maximize photovoltaic power generation, and stores excess photovoltaic power in the energy storage device through the energy storage control component 7. When the mains power is interrupted, the main control module 1 automatically switches to the backup generator set or the energy storage system for power supply based on the remaining power of the energy storage device. If the energy storage device has sufficient power, the normally open contact of relay unit 4 opens, and the output terminal of the energy storage system is connected to the charging pile load through the load distribution component 8; if the energy storage device has insufficient power, the normally closed contact of relay unit 4 closes, and the input terminal of the backup generator set is connected to the load distribution component 8, thereby ensuring the continuity of the charging process.

[0022] In the energy collaborative management module 3, the DC-AC inverter of the photovoltaic access module 6 converts the DC power generated by photovoltaic power generation into AC power, which is then transmitted to the load distribution module 8 via copper busbars. The bidirectional DC-DC converter of the energy storage control module 7 is responsible for voltage conversion during the charging and discharging of the energy storage device, while the battery management system precisely controls the charging and discharging process of the energy storage device to extend its lifespan. The solid-state relays in the load distribution module 8 dynamically adjust the output ratio of each power source according to the instructions of the main control module 1, thereby achieving reasonable load distribution.

[0023] The overall layout of the switchgear is meticulously designed. The main control module 1 is located in the upper area of ​​the switchgear for easy operation and maintenance. The power switching module 2 is located in the lower area of ​​the switchgear, with its relay unit 4 installed near the rear panel for easy access to external cables. The energy management module 3 is located in the middle area of ​​the switchgear, with all components fixed by rail-mounted brackets, saving space and facilitating maintenance. A touchscreen operation panel 5 is provided on the switchgear, allowing maintenance personnel to view the operating status and set parameters in real time. Cooling fans 9 are installed on the side walls of the switchgear, providing efficient heat dissipation for the solid-state relays in the load distribution component 8, ensuring stable operation of the entire system.

[0024] In practical applications, the multifunctional power distribution switchgear of this invention can be flexibly configured according to the specific needs of the charging station. For example, when the charging station is equipped with a large-scale photovoltaic array, the utilization rate of photovoltaic power generation can be improved by increasing the number of photovoltaic access components 6; when the charging station requires higher power supply reliability, the redundancy of the system can be enhanced by increasing the capacity of energy storage devices and the power of backup generator sets. In addition, the modular design inside the switchgear makes the installation and replacement of each component more convenient, which can significantly reduce operation and maintenance costs and improve the scalability of the system.

[0025] To enable those skilled in the art to fully understand and implement this utility model, the following supplementary explanation of the specific implementation principle of this utility model is provided in conjunction with a specific application scenario.

[0026] In actual operation of the charging station, when the mains power supply is normal, the main control module 1 monitors the mains voltage parameters in real time through its embedded processor and prioritizes mains power as the primary power source. At this time, the normally open contact of the relay unit 4 closes, connecting the mains input terminal to the load distribution component 8, thereby providing power support for the charging pile load. Simultaneously, the main control module 1 dynamically adjusts the operating point of the photovoltaic array through the maximum power point tracking controller in the photovoltaic access component 6 to maximize photovoltaic power generation. Excess photovoltaic power generation is converted by the bidirectional DC-DC converter in the energy storage control component 7 and stored in the energy storage device. This process ensures the efficient utilization of green energy while providing backup power support for the main control module 1.

[0027] When the mains power is interrupted, the main control module 1 automatically determines whether to switch to the energy storage system or the backup generator set based on the remaining power of the energy storage device. If the energy storage device has sufficient power, the normally open contact of the relay unit 4 opens, and the output of the energy storage system is connected to the load of the charging pile through the load distribution component 8. If the energy storage device has insufficient power, the normally closed contact of the relay unit 4 closes, and the input of the backup generator set is connected to the load distribution component 8, thereby ensuring the continuity of the charging process. This rapid switching action is achieved by the main control module 1 through the PWM signal generation circuit precisely controlling the excitation time of the electromagnet coil of the relay unit 4, ensuring that the switching process is completed within milliseconds and avoiding the charging pile from stopping work due to power interruption.

[0028] In the energy collaborative management module 3, the DC-AC inverter of the photovoltaic access module 6 converts the DC power generated by photovoltaic power generation into AC power, which is then transmitted to the load distribution module 8 via copper busbars. The battery management system in the energy storage control module 7 precisely controls the charging and discharging process of the energy storage device, preventing overcharging or over-discharging and thus extending the lifespan of the energy storage device. The solid-state relays in the load distribution module 8 dynamically adjust the output ratio of each power source according to the instructions of the main control module 1, ensuring reasonable load distribution.

[0029] To further enhance the system's intelligence, the main control module 1 displays the current operating status and historical data records via the touchscreen operation panel 5. Maintenance personnel can view the real-time status of each power supply, load distribution, and fault information through the touchscreen operation panel 5. When the system detects an anomaly, the main control module 1 will issue an alarm notification through the touchscreen operation panel 5 and record relevant data for subsequent troubleshooting. The snap-fit ​​structure of the touchscreen operation panel 5 is made of high-strength plastic, ensuring both robustness and ease of disassembly and maintenance.

[0030] In practical applications, the multifunctional power distribution switchgear of this invention can be flexibly configured according to the specific needs of the charging station. For example, when the charging station is equipped with a large-scale photovoltaic array, the utilization rate of photovoltaic power generation can be improved by increasing the number of photovoltaic access components 6; when the charging station requires higher power supply reliability, the redundancy of the system can be enhanced by increasing the capacity of the energy storage device and the power of the backup generator set. In addition, the modular design inside the switchgear makes the installation and replacement of each component more convenient. The photovoltaic access components 6 and the energy storage control components 7 are fixed to the middle partition of the switchgear by a guide rail mounting bracket. This design not only saves space but also facilitates the installation and replacement of each component, significantly reducing operation and maintenance costs and improving the scalability of the system.

[0031] In summary, this invention achieves seamless switching between mains power, photovoltaic (PV) power, and energy storage devices through the coordinated control of the main control module 1 over the power switching module 2 and the energy collaborative management module 3. When the mains power is normal, it prioritizes mains power supply while storing excess PV energy in the energy storage device. When the mains power is interrupted, it automatically switches to a backup generator or energy storage system based on the remaining power in the energy storage device, thus ensuring the continuity of the charging process. This design not only improves the utilization rate of green energy but also significantly reduces operating costs. Furthermore, through intelligent monitoring and modular design, it further enhances the system's reliability and maintainability.

[0032] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed utility model. The scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-functional power distribution switchgear for charging stations, characterized in that: It includes a main control module (1), which is connected to the power switching module (2) via a data cable, and a signal transmission interface is provided between the output end of the main control module (1) and the input end of the energy collaborative management module (3); The power switching module (2) is provided with multiple independent relay units (4), each relay unit (4) being connected to the mains input terminal, the energy storage device input terminal and the standby generator input terminal respectively; The energy collaborative management module (3) includes a photovoltaic access component (6), an energy storage control component (7), and a load distribution component (8). Each component is fixed to the middle partition of the switch cabinet by an internal guide rail mounting bracket.

2. The multi-functional power distribution switchgear for charging stations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The relay unit (4) adopts an electromagnetic drive method. Its electromagnet coil winding is excited by the pulse signal issued by the main control module (1), thereby realizing the rapid switching action of the contacts. The contact group of each relay unit (4) is divided into normally open contacts and normally closed contacts. The normally open contacts are used to connect the mains power input terminal or the photovoltaic access module (6), while the normally closed contacts are connected to the standby generator input terminal.

3. The multi-functional power distribution switchgear for charging stations according to claim 2, characterized in that: The core component of the main control module (1) is an embedded processor. The processor monitors the mains voltage, energy storage device power and photovoltaic power generation parameters in real time through multiple analog acquisition channels. The output of the processor is connected to the electromagnet coil of the relay unit (4) through a PWM signal generation circuit.

4. The multi-functional power distribution switchgear for charging stations according to claim 3, characterized in that: The main control module (1) is equipped with a touch screen operation panel (5) on the front side.

5. The multi-functional power distribution switchgear for charging stations according to claim 4, characterized in that: The photovoltaic access component (6) includes a DC-AC inverter and a maximum power point tracking controller, which are fixed side by side on the middle partition of the switch cabinet via a rail mounting bracket. The input end of the inverter is connected to the external photovoltaic array via a cable, and its output end is connected to the input end of the load distribution component (8) via a copper busbar.

6. The multi-functional power distribution switchgear for charging stations according to claim 5, characterized in that: The load distribution component (8) consists of multiple independent solid-state relays. The input terminal of each solid-state relay is connected to the output terminal of the mains power, the photovoltaic inverter and the energy storage system, respectively. The side wall of the switch cabinet is equipped with a cooling fan (9) for cooling the fixed relays.

7. The multi-functional power distribution switchgear for charging stations according to claim 6, characterized in that: The energy storage control component (7) includes a bidirectional DC-DC converter and a battery management system, which are fixed on the same mounting bracket by threaded fasteners. Its signal cable is wrapped with a shielding layer and connected to the communication interface of the main control module (1).

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