Power supply power communication management circuit and battery management system

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a power supply power communication management circuit and a battery management system, the power supply power communication management circuit comprising a master control chip, an analog front-end module, a host communication module, a charging and discharging control module. The master control chip is bidirectionally connected with the analog front-end module, the analog front-end module comprises an analog front-end chip and at least one set of battery voltage detection circuit, which can collect and process battery voltage with high precision, and provide real-time accurate data for the master control chip. The host communication module realizes bidirectional data interaction between the master control chip and the host, the host can obtain battery information in time and issue instructions, and realizes real-time monitoring and closed-loop control of battery voltage. The charging and discharging control module is connected with the master control chip respectively, which can avoid overcharging or overdischarging of the battery. In addition, the user can also dynamically adjust the charging and discharging strategy of the master control chip through different working modes of the host, thereby improving the flexibility of the power supply power communication management circuit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the technical field of battery management systems, and in particular to a power communication management circuit and a battery management system. Background Technology

[0002] As a core energy storage component, the accuracy and reliability of battery status monitoring and charge / discharge management are crucial. Traditional battery management methods often suffer from insufficient accuracy in acquiring battery status data, making it difficult to obtain the total voltage of the battery pack and the voltage signals of individual cells in real time and accurately. This results in the main control chip being unable to grasp the true state of the battery, which in turn affects the precise control of the battery charging and discharging process, easily leading to overcharging or over-discharging, damaging battery life, and even causing safety hazards.

[0003] However, in traditional solutions, the main control chip lacks data interaction with the host, making it difficult for the host to obtain battery information in a timely manner and issue effective control commands, thus hindering real-time monitoring and closed-loop control of battery voltage. Furthermore, it lacks the ability to flexibly adjust charging and discharging strategies to meet different usage scenarios and user needs.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a power communication management circuit that can acquire and process battery status data with high precision, realize efficient bidirectional data interaction between the main control chip and the host, and flexibly adjust the charging and discharging strategy. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this disclosure is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a power communication management circuit and battery management system that enables the analog front end to communicate with the host through a microcontroller so that the host can manage charging and discharging based on the battery voltage.

[0006] The purpose of this disclosure is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] A power communication management circuit includes a main control chip, an analog front-end module, a host communication module, a charging control module, and a discharging control module. The main control chip is bidirectionally connected to the analog front-end module via a serial communication bus. The analog front-end module includes an analog front-end chip and at least one set of battery voltage detection circuits. The input terminal of each battery voltage detection circuit is used to connect to a battery pack, and the output terminal of each battery voltage detection circuit is connected to a voltage detection terminal of the analog front-end chip.

[0008] The communication enable terminal of the host communication module is connected to the communication signal output terminal of the main control chip. The first terminal of the host communication module is used to connect to the host signal receiving terminal, and the second terminal of the host communication module is used to connect to the host signal sending terminal.

[0009] The charging enable terminal of the charging control module is connected to the charging signal terminal of the main control chip. The first terminal of the charging control module is used to connect to the power supply terminal of the charger, and the second terminal of the charging control module is connected to the positive terminal of the battery. The discharging enable terminal of the discharging control module is connected to the discharging signal terminal of the main control chip. The first terminal of the discharging control module is used to connect to the negative terminal of the load, and the second terminal of the discharging control module is used to connect to the negative terminal of the battery.

[0010] In one embodiment, the host communication module includes a first switching tube, a second switching tube, a voltage divider resistor, a first current-limiting resistor, and a second current-limiting resistor. The control terminal of the first switching tube is connected to the communication signal output terminal of the main control chip through the first current-limiting resistor. The first end of the first switching tube is connected to the control terminal of the second switching tube through the second current-limiting resistor. The first end of the second switching tube is used to connect to the host signal receiving terminal. The second ends of both the first and second switching tubes are connected to the first end of the voltage divider resistor, and the second end of the voltage divider resistor is grounded.

[0011] In one embodiment, the first switching tube is an NPN transistor, and the second switching tube is a PNP transistor.

[0012] In one embodiment, the host communication module further includes a third switching tube and a third current-limiting resistor. The control terminal of the third switching tube is connected to the first terminal of the voltage divider resistor through the third current-limiting resistor. The first terminal of the third switching tube is connected to the power signal feedback terminal of the main control chip, and the second terminal of the third switching tube is grounded.

[0013] In one embodiment, the host communication module further includes a pull-up resistor, the first end of which is connected to the power supply terminal, and the second end of which is connected to the power signal feedback terminal of the main control chip.

[0014] In one embodiment, the charging control module includes a fourth switching tube, a fifth switching tube, a fourth current-limiting resistor, and a fifth current-limiting resistor. The first end of the fourth switching tube is connected to the control end of the fifth switching tube through the fifth current-limiting resistor. The control end of the fourth switching tube is connected to the charging signal end of the main control chip through the fourth current-limiting resistor. The second end of the fourth switching tube is grounded. The first end of the fifth switching tube is used to connect to the power supply end of the charger, and the second end of the fifth switching tube is used to connect to the positive terminal of the battery.

[0015] In one embodiment, the charging control module further includes a sixth switching tube and a sixth current-limiting resistor. The control terminal of the sixth switching tube is connected to the power supply terminal of the charger through the sixth current-limiting resistor. The first terminal of the sixth switching tube is connected to the charging status signal terminal of the main control chip, and the second terminal of the sixth switching tube is grounded.

[0016] In one embodiment, the discharge control module includes a seventh switching electron tube and a seventh current-limiting resistor. The control terminal of the seventh switching electron tube is connected to the discharge signal terminal of the main control chip through the seventh current-limiting resistor. The first terminal of the seventh switching electron tube is used to connect to the negative terminal of the load, and the second terminal of the seventh switching electron tube is used to connect to the negative terminal of the battery.

[0017] In one embodiment, the discharge control module further includes a positive temperature coefficient thermistor, the first end of which is connected to the negative terminal of the load, and the second end of which is connected to the first end of the seventh switch tube.

[0018] This application also provides a battery management system, including the power communication management circuit described in any of the above embodiments.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, this disclosure has at least the following advantages:

[0020] The aforementioned power communication management circuit uses a simulated front-end module to perform high-precision acquisition and processing of battery voltage, providing the main control chip with real-time and accurate battery status data. Furthermore, it enables bidirectional data interaction between the main control chip and the host through a host communication module, ensuring the host can promptly obtain battery information and issue control commands. This achieves real-time monitoring and closed-loop control of battery voltage. Simultaneously, the host can precisely control the charging and discharging process based on the received battery status, preventing overcharging or over-discharging. In addition, users can use different operating modes of the host to allow the main control chip to dynamically adjust the charging and discharging strategy, thereby improving the flexibility of the power communication management circuit. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this disclosure and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 A circuit diagram of a power communication management circuit according to one embodiment;

[0023] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The circuit diagram of the analog front-end module is shown below;

[0024] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The circuit diagram of the main control chip is shown below;

[0025] Figure 4 for Figure 1 The circuit diagram of the host communication module is shown below;

[0026] Figure 5 for Figure 1 The circuit diagram of the charging control module shown is shown.

[0027] Figure 6 for Figure 1 The circuit diagram of the discharge control module is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To facilitate understanding of this disclosure, a more complete description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate preferred embodiments of the present disclosure. However, this disclosure can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure.

[0029] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly attached to the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0030] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this disclosure. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0031] To better understand the technical solutions and beneficial effects of this disclosure, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with specific embodiments:

[0032] like Figures 1 to 6As shown, a power communication management circuit 10 according to an embodiment of this disclosure includes a main control chip U2, an analog front-end module 100, a host communication module 200, a charging control module 300, and a discharging control module 400. The main control chip U2 is bidirectionally connected to the analog front-end module 100 through a serial communication bus. The analog front-end module 100 includes an analog front-end chip U1 and at least one set of battery voltage detection circuits. The input terminal of each battery voltage detection circuit is used to connect to a battery pack, and the output terminal of each battery voltage detection circuit is connected to a voltage detection terminal of the analog front-end chip U1.

[0033] The communication enable terminal of the host communication module 200 is connected to the communication signal output terminal DUAL_PWR of the main control chip U2. The first terminal of the host communication module 200 is used to connect to the host signal receiver terminal COM_RX, and the second terminal of the host communication module 200 is used to connect to the host signal transmitter terminal COM_TX.

[0034] The charging enable terminal of the charging control module 300 is connected to the charging signal terminal CO of the main control chip U2. The first terminal of the charging control module 300 is connected to the power supply terminal C+ of the charger, and the second terminal of the charging control module 300 is connected to the positive terminal B+ of the battery. The negative terminal of the charger and the negative terminal B- of the battery are connected to ground. The discharging control module 400 is connected to the discharging signal terminal DO of the main control chip U2. The first terminal of the discharging control module 400 is connected to the negative terminal P- of the load, and the second terminal of the discharging control module 400 is connected to the negative terminal B- of the battery. The positive terminal of the load and the positive terminal B+ of the battery are connected.

[0035] In this embodiment, the battery voltage detection circuit of the analog front-end module 100 is connected to the positive terminal B+, the negative terminal B- of the battery pack, and the series connection nodes between individual cells. By collecting the potential difference between different points, it can obtain the total voltage of the entire battery pack and the voltage signal of each individual cell in real time and accurately. These collected raw voltage data are transmitted to the analog front-end chip U1 through its output terminal, where U1 performs preliminary signal processing and calibration. The processed battery voltage status data is transmitted to the main control chip U2 through a serial communication bus. After receiving the battery status data from the analog front-end module 100, the main control chip U2 transmits this information to the host through the host communication module 200 and receives control commands sent by the host, realizing bidirectional interaction between data uploading and command reception. After receiving the real-time battery status, the host can precisely control the charging and discharging process of the battery according to a preset strategy or user needs: for example, when the battery voltage is detected to be lower than a preset threshold, the host sends a charging command, triggering the charging control module 300 to start charging through the main control chip U2; when the battery voltage reaches the full charge voltage, the host sends a stop command to avoid overcharging and damage to the battery. Similarly, during the discharge process, the host can adjust the output current of the discharge control module 400 through the main control chip U2 according to the load power requirements and the remaining battery power to ensure that the battery discharges stably within a safe range.

[0036] Furthermore, when the main control chip U2 receives a charging command from the host, or automatically determines that charging is needed based on battery power data, it sends a charging enable signal to the charging control module 300 via the charging signal terminal CO. Upon receiving the signal, the charging control module 300 activates its internal switching element, establishing a path between the charger's power supply terminal C+ and the battery's positive terminal B+. Combined with the common ground connection between the charger's negative terminal and B-, a complete charging circuit is formed, and charging of the battery begins. When the main control chip U2 receives a discharging command from the host, or determines that discharging is needed based on battery power and load requirements, it sends a discharging enable signal to the discharging control module 400 via the discharging signal terminal DO. Upon receiving the signal, the discharging control module 400 activates its internal switching element, establishing a path between the load's negative terminal P- and the battery's negative terminal B-. Combined with the connection between the load's positive terminal and B+, a complete discharging circuit is formed, and the battery begins supplying power to the load. During the discharge process, the discharge control module 400 can shut down the discharge circuit when the voltage approaches the safety threshold based on the battery voltage data monitored by the main control chip U2, so as to avoid safety problems such as battery over-discharge and overheating caused by overload or short circuit, and ensure the stability and safety of the discharge process.

[0037] Furthermore, users can preset different operating modes through the host to achieve personalized optimization of battery management. For example, in energy-saving mode, the main control chip U2 dynamically adjusts the charging and discharging strategy based on the battery status information collected by the analog front-end module 100: reducing unnecessary charging and discharging times, lowering peak charging and discharging current, and prioritizing maintaining the battery charge level, thereby reducing battery cycle loss and extending battery life. In high-performance mode, the main control chip U2 optimizes the discharge control strategy based on the real-time power demand of the load to ensure that the load receives sufficient power support, avoiding performance degradation due to insufficient power supply, thus enabling the power communication management circuit 10 to achieve a balance between battery life and user experience.

[0038] The aforementioned power communication management circuit 10 performs high-precision acquisition and processing of battery voltage through the analog front-end module 100, providing real-time and accurate battery status data to the main control chip U2. Furthermore, it enables bidirectional data interaction between the main control chip U2 and the host through the host communication module 200, ensuring the host can promptly obtain battery information and issue control commands. This achieves real-time monitoring and closed-loop control of the battery voltage. Simultaneously, the host can precisely control the charging and discharging process based on the received battery status, avoiding overcharging or over-discharging issues. In addition, users can use different operating modes of the host to allow the main control chip U2 to dynamically adjust the charging and discharging strategy, thereby improving the flexibility of the power communication management circuit 10.

[0039] like Figures 1 to 6As shown, in one embodiment, the host communication module 200 includes a first switching tube Q4, a second switching tube Q5, a voltage divider resistor R47, a first current-limiting resistor R43, and a second current-limiting resistor R44. The control terminal of the first switching tube Q4 is connected to the communication signal output terminal DUAL_PWR of the main control chip U2 through the first current-limiting resistor R43. The first terminal of the first switching tube Q4 is connected to the control terminal of the second switching tube Q5 through the second current-limiting resistor R44. The first terminal of the second switching tube Q5 is used to connect to the host signal receiving terminal COM_RX. The second terminals of both the first switching tube Q4 and the second switching tube Q5 are connected to the first terminal of the voltage divider resistor R47, and the second terminal of the voltage divider resistor R47 is grounded. In this embodiment, when the communication signal output terminal DUAL_PWR of the main control chip U2 outputs a high-level or low-level signal, this signal, through the current-limiting effect of the first current-limiting resistor R43, prevents excessive current from impacting the control terminal of the first switching tube Q4, protecting it from damage. Simultaneously, it ensures that the signal can stably act on the first switching tube Q4, causing it to perform conduction or cutoff operations according to predetermined logic. After the first switching tube Q4 is turned on or off, the level state of its first terminal changes. This level change, after being protected by the current-limiting resistor R44, acts on the control terminal of the second switching tube Q5, thereby controlling the on / off state of the second switching tube Q5. The on / off state of the second switching tube Q5 directly controls the connection between the host signal receiving terminal COM_RX and the ground terminal, thus achieving reliable transmission of communication signals from the main control chip U2 to the host. The two-stage switching tube control method improves the accuracy and stability of communication signal transmission, effectively avoiding problems such as malfunctions or signal interference that may occur due to a single switching element. This ensures that the host can obtain battery status information in a timely and accurate manner, and issue precise control commands based on this information, achieving precise management of the battery charging and discharging process. Furthermore, the first current-limiting resistor R43 limits the current flowing into the control terminal of the first switching tube Q4, preventing damage to the internal structure of the first switching tube Q4 due to excessive current, extending its service life, and improving the reliability of the entire circuit. The second current-limiting resistor R44 limits the signal current output from the first switching tube Q4 to the control terminal of the second switching tube Q5, allowing the second switching tube Q5 to operate under appropriate current conditions and preventing performance degradation or damage due to abnormal current.

[0040] like Figures 1 to 6As shown, in one embodiment, the first switching tube Q4 is an NPN transistor, and the second switching tube Q5 is a PNP transistor. In this embodiment, the first terminal of the first switching tube Q4 is the collector of the NPN transistor, the second terminal of the first switching tube Q4 is the emitter of the NPN transistor, and the control terminal of the first switching tube Q4 is the base of the NPN transistor; the first terminal of the second switching tube Q5 is the emitter of the PNP transistor, the second terminal of the second switching tube Q5 is the collector of the PNP transistor, and the control terminal of the second switching tube Q5 is the base of the PNP transistor. Specifically, when the first switching tube Q4 receives a level signal transmitted from the main control chip U2 through the first current-limiting resistor R43 at its base, if the signal causes the base potential to be higher than the emitter potential and reaches the conduction threshold, the first switching tube Q4 is turned on. At this time, a path is formed between the collector and the emitter, causing the level state of the collector to change. Furthermore, when the first switching tube Q4 is turned on, lowering the collector level, the base level of the second switching tube Q5 is lowered relative to its emitter level. This satisfies the conduction condition of the PNP transistor's base being reverse-biased relative to its emitter, causing the second switching tube Q5 to turn on and transmit the low-level signal to the host signal receiver COM_RX. This combination of two transistor stages achieves precise signal switching and reliable transmission, ensuring that the host can clearly and stably receive signals from the main control chip.

[0041] like Figures 1 to 6As shown, in one embodiment, the host communication module 200 further includes a third switching tube Q3 and a third current-limiting resistor R52. The control terminal of the third switching tube Q3 is connected to the first terminal of the voltage divider resistor R47 through the third current-limiting resistor R52. The first terminal of the third switching tube Q3 is connected to the power signal feedback terminal K_MAIN of the main control chip U2, and the second terminal of the third switching tube Q3 is grounded. In this embodiment, when the second switching tube Q5 performs a switching operation according to the signal state of the first switching tube Q4, the level state of its second terminal will change accordingly. This change is transmitted to the control terminal of the third switching tube Q3 through the third current-limiting resistor R52. The third current-limiting resistor R52 can prevent excessive current from directly impacting the control terminal of the third switching tube Q3, ensuring that it operates within a safe current range, avoiding damage to Q3 due to abnormal current, and further improving circuit reliability. Specifically, the third switching tube Q3 performs a conduction or cutoff operation according to the received level signal. When the third switch tube Q3 is turned on, the power signal feedback terminal K_MAIN of the main control chip U2 forms a path with the ground terminal. The main control chip U2 can accurately obtain the operating status information of the host communication module 200 by detecting the level of the power signal feedback terminal K_MAIN. For example, when the main control chip U2 sends a high-level communication signal through DUAL_PWR, the first switch tube Q4 and the second switch tube Q5 are turned on, causing the third switch tube Q3 to turn on. The main control chip U2 detects a low-level signal through the K_MAIN terminal, thereby knowing that the host communication module 200 is sending signals to the host normally, realizing real-time monitoring of the communication status. This feedback mechanism enables the main control chip U2 to understand the signal interaction between the communication module and the host in a timely manner, so as to make rapid adjustments in case of abnormalities and ensure the stable operation of the entire power communication management circuit 10.

[0042] In another embodiment, the third switching tube Q3 is an NPN transistor, the first terminal of the third switching tube Q3 is the collector of the NPN transistor, the second terminal of the third switching tube Q3 is the emitter of the NPN transistor, and the control terminal of the third switching tube Q3 is the base of the NPN transistor.

[0043] like Figures 1 to 6As shown, in one embodiment, the host communication module 200 further includes a pull-up resistor R54. The first end of the pull-up resistor R54 is connected to the power supply terminal, and the second end is connected to the power signal feedback terminal K_MAIN of the main control chip U2. In this embodiment, the pull-up resistor R54 provides a stable default high-level state for the power signal feedback terminal K_MAIN. When the third switch tube Q3 is not turned on, due to the presence of the pull-up resistor R54, the K_MAIN terminal is stably pulled high to the voltage level of the power supply terminal. This default high-level setting provides a clear initial state reference for the main control chip U2. When the current stage second switch tube Q5 is turned on or off, the level state of the K_MAIN terminal will change accordingly. If the third switch tube Q3 is turned on, the K_MAIN terminal forms a path with the ground terminal, and the level is pulled low; if the third switch tube Q3 is turned off, the K_MAIN terminal remains in the high-level state set by the pull-up resistor R54. This clear level change enables the main control chip U2 to accurately and quickly identify the working status of the host communication module 200.

[0044] like Figures 1 to 6As shown, in one embodiment, the charging control module 300 includes a fourth switching tube Q1, a fifth switching tube Q6, a fourth current-limiting resistor R37, and a fifth current-limiting resistor R36. The first terminal of the fourth switching tube Q1 is connected to the control terminal of the fifth switching tube Q6 via the fifth current-limiting resistor R36. The control terminal of the fourth switching tube Q1 is connected to the charging signal terminal CO of the main control chip U2 via the fourth current-limiting resistor R37. The second terminal of the fourth switching tube Q1 is grounded. The first terminal of the fifth switching tube Q6 is used to connect to the charger power supply terminal C+, and the second terminal of the fifth switching tube Q6 is used to connect to the battery positive terminal B+. In this embodiment, when the charging signal terminal CO of the main control chip U2 outputs a level signal, this signal first passes through the fourth current-limiting resistor R37. The fourth current-limiting resistor R37 limits the current flowing into the control terminal of the fourth switching tube Q1, preventing damage to the internal structure of the fourth switching tube Q1 due to excessive current and ensuring its stable operation. The fourth switching tube Q1 performs on or off operations according to the received level signal. When the fourth switching tube Q1 is turned on, a path is formed between its first and second terminals, causing the potential of the control terminal of the fifth switching tube Q6 to be pulled low through the fifth current-limiting resistor R36. This changes the level state of the control terminal of the fifth switching tube Q6, achieving indirect control of the fifth switching tube Q6. When the control terminal of the fifth switching tube Q6 receives a potential adjustment signal from the fourth switching tube Q1, it performs on or off operations according to the level state of the signal. When the fifth switching tube Q6 is turned on, a path is formed between the charger's power supply terminal C+ and the battery's positive terminal B+. Combined with the common ground connection between the charger's negative terminal and the battery's negative terminal B-, a complete charging circuit is formed, and the charger begins charging the battery. When the fifth switching tube Q6 is turned off, the charging circuit is broken, and the charging process stops. The fifth current-limiting resistor R36 limits the current amplitude at the control terminal of the fifth switching tube Q6, preventing Q6 performance degradation or damage due to abnormal current. Together with the fourth current-limiting resistor R37, it ensures the safe operation of both switching tubes. Furthermore, by employing a two-stage switching tube and a current-limiting resistor, the charging control module can more reliably control the on / off state of the charging circuit. The combination of the two-stage switching tube makes signal transmission and control more stable, avoiding the malfunctions or signal interference problems that may occur with a single switching element.

[0045] In another embodiment, the fourth switching tube Q1 is an NPN transistor, with its first terminal serving as the collector, its second terminal as the emitter, and its control terminal as the base. The fifth switching tube Q6 is a P-channel MOSFET, with its first terminal serving as the source, its second terminal as the drain, and its control terminal as the gate.

[0046] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, in one embodiment, the charging control module 300 further includes a sixth switching tube Q10 and a sixth current-limiting resistor R78. The control terminal of the sixth switching tube Q10 is connected to the charger power supply terminal C+ through the sixth current-limiting resistor R78. The first terminal of the sixth switching tube Q10 is connected to the charging status signal terminal CHG_DET of the main control chip U2, and the second terminal of the sixth switching tube Q10 is grounded. In this embodiment, when the charger is connected and the C+ output is stably high, the sixth current-limiting resistor R78 limits the current flowing into the base of the sixth switching tube Q10, preventing excessive current from damaging the internal structure of the sixth switching tube Q10 and ensuring its stable operation. Since the sixth switching tube Q10 is an NPN transistor, when the C+ voltage is divided by the sixth current-limiting resistor R78, causing the base potential of the sixth switching tube Q10 to be higher than the emitter and reach the conduction threshold, the sixth switching tube Q10 is turned on; if the charger is not connected or the C+ voltage is abnormal, the base potential of the sixth switching tube Q10 is lower than the conduction threshold, and it remains in the off state. When the sixth switch tube Q10 is turned on, the charging status signal terminal CHG_DET of the main control chip U2 forms a path with the ground terminal through the sixth switch tube Q10, causing its level to be pulled low. By detecting the level status of the CHG_DET terminal in real time, the main control chip U2 can accurately determine whether the charger is connected and the power supply is normal. This feedback mechanism provides the core basis for the charging control strategy of the main control chip U2: if the charger is detected to be connected normally, the main control chip U2 will further combine the battery voltage data collected by the analog front-end module 100 to determine whether the battery meets the charging conditions; if the conditions are met, the main control chip U2 will trigger the charging circuit to conduct through the charging signal terminal CO, starting the charging process; if the charger is not detected to be connected or the connection is abnormal, the charging circuit will be prohibited from starting, avoiding invalid operation or circuit failure, and ensuring the safety and reliability of the charging process.

[0047] In another embodiment, the sixth switching tube Q10 is an NPN transistor, the first terminal of the sixth switching tube Q10 is the collector of the NPN transistor, the second terminal of the sixth switching tube Q10 is the emitter of the NPN transistor, and the control terminal of the sixth switching tube Q10 is the base of the NPN transistor.

[0048] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, in one embodiment, the discharge control module 400 includes a seventh switching tube Q9 and a seventh current-limiting resistor R66. The control terminal of the seventh switching tube Q9 is connected to the discharge signal terminal DO of the main control chip U2 through the seventh current-limiting resistor R66. The first terminal of the seventh switching tube Q9 is connected to the negative terminal P- of the load, and the second terminal of the seventh switching tube Q9 is connected to the negative terminal B- of the battery. In this embodiment, when the discharge signal terminal DO of the main control chip U2 outputs a level signal, the seventh current-limiting resistor R66 effectively limits the current flowing into the control terminal of the seventh switching tube Q9 during the transmission of this signal. This prevents damage to the internal structure of the seventh switching tube Q9 due to excessive current, ensuring that the seventh switching tube Q9 can work stably and reliably, thereby improving the reliability of the entire discharge control module 400. The seventh switching tube Q9 performs conduction or cutoff operations according to the received level signal limited by the seventh current-limiting resistor R66. When the seventh switch tube Q9 is turned on, a circuit is formed between the load's negative terminal P- and the battery's negative terminal B-. Combined with the connection between the load's positive terminal and the battery's positive terminal B+, a complete discharge circuit is formed, and the battery begins to supply power to the load. This method of precisely controlling the on / off state of the seventh switch tube Q9 through the main control chip U2 achieves precise management of the battery discharge process. The main control chip U2 can flexibly control the on / off state of the seventh switch tube Q9 based on the battery's real-time status, such as battery charge and voltage parameters, as well as the actual needs of the load, thereby rationally distributing battery power, avoiding over-discharge, and ensuring battery safety.

[0049] In another embodiment, the seventh switch tube Q9 is an N-channel MOS transistor, the first terminal of the seventh switch tube Q9 is the drain of the N-channel MOS transistor, the second terminal of the seventh switch tube Q9 is the source of the N-channel MOS transistor, and the control terminal of the seventh switch tube Q9 is the gate of the N-channel MOS transistor.

[0050] like Figures 1 to 6As shown, in one embodiment, the discharge control module 400 further includes a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistor F1. The first terminal of the PTC thermistor F1 is connected to the negative terminal P- of the load, and the second terminal of the PTC thermistor F1 is connected to the first terminal of the seventh switching tube Q9. In this embodiment, when the load is connected to the circuit and begins to operate, the current in the discharge circuit may change significantly due to different power requirements of the load. If the load experiences a short circuit or an abnormal increase in power, the current in the circuit will rise sharply. The PTC thermistor F1 has a specific resistance value and power handling capability. When the current exceeds its set safety threshold, the PTC thermistor F1 will generate significant heat. As the temperature rises, its resistance increases rapidly. According to Ohm's law, when the battery output voltage is relatively stable, the increased resistance leads to a corresponding decrease in the discharge current, thereby limiting the current in the discharge circuit and preventing excessive current from damaging the seventh switching tube Q9 and the entire battery.

[0051] This application also provides a battery management system, including the power communication management circuit 10 of any of the above embodiments. In this embodiment, the battery voltage detection circuit of the analog front-end module 100 is connected to the positive terminal B+, the negative terminal B- of the battery pack, and the connection points of each cell. By collecting the potential difference between different points, the total voltage of the entire battery pack and the voltage signal of each individual cell can be obtained in real time and accurately. The collected raw voltage data is transmitted to the analog front-end chip U1 through its output terminal, where U1 performs preliminary signal processing and calibration. The processed battery voltage, current, and other status data are transmitted to the main control chip U2 through a serial communication bus. After receiving the battery status data from the analog front-end module 100, the main control chip U2 transmits this information to the host through the host communication module 200 and receives control commands sent by the host, realizing bidirectional interaction between data uploading and command reception. After receiving the real-time battery status, the host can precisely control the charging and discharging process of the battery according to preset strategies or user needs. For example, when the battery voltage is detected to be lower than a preset threshold, the host sends a charging command, triggering the charging control module 300 to start charging via the main control chip U2. When the battery voltage reaches the full charge voltage, the host sends a stop command to avoid overcharging and damage to the battery. Similarly, during the discharging process, the host can adjust the output current of the discharging control module 400 via the main control chip U2 according to the load power requirements and the remaining battery power to ensure that the battery discharges stably within a safe range. Furthermore, when the main control chip U2 receives a charging command from the host, or automatically determines that charging is needed based on the battery power data, it sends a charging enable signal to the charging control module 300 via the charging signal terminal CO. After receiving the signal, the internal switching element of the charging control module 300 is turned on, thereby establishing a path between the charger power supply terminal C+ and the battery positive terminal B+, and combined with the common ground connection of the charger negative terminal and B-, forming a complete charging circuit and starting to charge the battery. When the main control chip U2 receives a discharge command from the host, or determines that discharge is necessary based on battery power and load requirements, it sends a discharge enable signal to the discharge control module 400 via the discharge signal terminal DO. Upon receiving the signal, the discharge control module 400 activates its internal switching elements, establishing a path between the load's negative terminal P- and the battery's negative terminal B-. Combined with the connection between the load's positive terminal and B+, this forms a complete discharge circuit, and the battery begins supplying power to the load. During the discharge process, the discharge control module 400 can limit the maximum discharge current according to the instructions from the main control chip U2, preventing over-discharge, overheating, and other safety issues caused by overload or short circuits, ensuring the stability and safety of the discharge process. Furthermore, users can preset different operating modes through the host to achieve personalized optimization of battery management.For example, in energy-saving mode, the main control chip U2 dynamically adjusts the charging and discharging strategy based on the battery status information collected by the analog front-end module 100: reducing unnecessary charging and discharging cycles, lowering peak charging and discharging current, and prioritizing maintaining battery power levels, thereby reducing battery cycle losses and extending battery life. In high-performance mode, the main control chip U2 relaxes the discharge current limit through the discharge control module 400 based on the real-time power demand of the load, ensuring that the load receives sufficient power support and avoiding performance degradation due to insufficient power supply. This allows the power communication management circuit 10 to achieve a balance between battery life and user experience.

[0052] Compared with the prior art, this disclosure has at least the following advantages:

[0053] The aforementioned power communication management circuit 10 performs high-precision acquisition and processing of battery voltage through the analog front-end module 100, providing real-time and accurate battery status data to the main control chip U2. Furthermore, it enables bidirectional data interaction between the main control chip U2 and the host through the host communication module 200, ensuring the host can promptly obtain battery information and issue control commands. This achieves real-time monitoring and closed-loop control of the battery voltage. Simultaneously, the host can precisely control the charging and discharging process based on the received battery status, avoiding overcharging or over-discharging issues. In addition, users can use different operating modes of the host to allow the main control chip U2 to dynamically adjust the charging and discharging strategy, thereby improving the flexibility of the power communication management circuit 10.

[0054] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of this disclosure, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the disclosed patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this disclosure, and these all fall within the protection scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A power supply communication management circuit, characterized in that, It includes a main control chip, an analog front-end module, a host communication module, a charging control module, and a discharging control module. The main control chip is bidirectionally connected to the analog front-end module via a serial communication bus. The analog front-end module includes an analog front-end chip and at least one set of battery voltage detection circuits. The input terminal of each battery voltage detection circuit is used to connect to a battery pack, and the output terminal of each battery voltage detection circuit is connected to a voltage detection terminal of the analog front-end chip. The communication enable terminal of the host communication module is connected to the communication signal output terminal of the main control chip. The first terminal of the host communication module is used to connect to the host signal receiving terminal, and the second terminal of the host communication module is used to connect to the host signal transmitting terminal. The charging enable terminal of the charging control module is connected to the charging signal terminal of the main control chip. The first terminal of the charging control module is used to connect to the power supply terminal of the charger, and the second terminal of the charging control module is connected to the positive terminal of the battery. The discharging enable terminal of the discharging control module is connected to the discharging signal terminal of the main control chip. The first terminal of the discharging control module is used to connect to the negative terminal of the load, and the second terminal of the discharging control module is used to connect to the negative terminal of the battery.

2. The power communication management circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The host communication module includes a first switching tube, a second switching tube, a voltage divider resistor, a first current-limiting resistor, and a second current-limiting resistor. The control terminal of the first switching tube is connected to the communication signal output terminal of the main control chip through the first current-limiting resistor. The first end of the first switching tube is connected to the control terminal of the second switching tube through the second current-limiting resistor. The first end of the second switching tube is used to connect to the host signal receiving terminal. The second ends of both the first and second switching tubes are connected to the first end of the voltage divider resistor, and the second end of the voltage divider resistor is grounded.

3. The power communication management circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first switching tube is an NPN transistor, and the second switching tube is a PNP transistor.

4. The power communication management circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The host communication module also includes a third switching tube and a third current-limiting resistor. The control terminal of the third switching tube is connected to the first terminal of the voltage divider resistor through the third current-limiting resistor. The first terminal of the third switching tube is connected to the power signal feedback terminal of the main control chip, and the second terminal of the third switching tube is grounded.

5. The power communication management circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The host communication module also includes a pull-up resistor. The first end of the pull-up resistor is used to connect to the power supply terminal, and the second end of the pull-up resistor is connected to the power signal feedback terminal of the main control chip.

6. The power communication management circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The charging control module includes a fourth switching electron tube, a fifth switching electron tube, a fourth current-limiting resistor, and a fifth current-limiting resistor. The first end of the fourth switching electron tube is connected to the control end of the fifth switching electron tube through the fifth current-limiting resistor. The control end of the fourth switching electron tube is connected to the charging signal end of the main control chip through the fourth current-limiting resistor. The second end of the fourth switching electron tube is grounded. The first end of the fifth switching electron tube is used to connect to the power supply end of the charger, and the second end of the fifth switching electron tube is used to connect to the positive terminal of the battery.

7. The power communication management circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that, The charging control module also includes a sixth switch tube and a sixth current-limiting resistor. The control terminal of the sixth switch tube is connected to the power supply terminal of the charger through the sixth current-limiting resistor. The first terminal of the sixth switch tube is connected to the charging status signal terminal of the main control chip, and the second terminal of the sixth switch tube is grounded.

8. The power communication management circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The discharge control module includes a seventh switching electron tube and a seventh current-limiting resistor. The control terminal of the seventh switching electron tube is connected to the discharge signal terminal of the main control chip through the seventh current-limiting resistor. The first terminal of the seventh switching electron tube is used to connect to the negative terminal of the load, and the second terminal of the seventh switching electron tube is used to connect to the negative terminal of the battery.

9. The power communication management circuit according to claim 8, characterized in that, The discharge control module also includes a positive temperature coefficient thermistor, the first end of which is connected to the negative terminal of the load, and the second end of which is connected to the first end of the seventh switch tube.

10. A battery management system, characterized in that, Includes the power communication management circuit as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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