Photovoltaic tile and photovoltaic tile system

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of photovoltaic tile and photovoltaic tile system, it is related to photovoltaic technical field, and photovoltaic tile includes light-transmitting front plate;Photovoltaic cell layer is located in the side of light-transmitting front plate;Insulating layer is located in the side of photovoltaic cell layer away from light-transmitting front plate;Metal base plate is located in the side of insulating layer away from photovoltaic cell layer;Wherein, photovoltaic cell layer and insulating layer are all plane structure, the side of metal base plate close to insulating layer is provided with concave-convex surface, concave-convex surface is alternately connected by multiple convex part and recess part, and concave-convex surface is connected with insulating layer. According to the photovoltaic tile provided by the utility model, the deformation capacity of the concave-convex surface structure of metal base plate is used to absorb and release strain energy, so as to offset the influence of internal stress caused by the difference of thermal expansion coefficient, effectively reduce the thermal stress inside photovoltaic tile, reduce the risk of component soldering in photovoltaic tile.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and more specifically, to a photovoltaic tile and a photovoltaic tile system. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, photovoltaic tiles typically use a base plate to support the entire photovoltaic tile. A metal base plate is the optimal choice because it has excellent performance in terms of fire resistance, lightweight, and strength.

[0003] However, the coefficient of thermal expansion of metallic materials differs significantly from that of other photovoltaic materials, leading to the risk of desoldering of components in photovoltaic tiles. Utility Model Content

[0004] The present invention aims to at least solve the problem in the related technology that the large difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion between the metal base plate of photovoltaic tiles and other photovoltaic materials leads to the risk of desoldering of the components in the photovoltaic tiles.

[0005] Therefore, the first aspect of this utility model provides a photovoltaic tile.

[0006] The second aspect of this utility model provides a photovoltaic tile system.

[0007] In view of the above, the first aspect of this utility model proposes a photovoltaic tile, comprising: a light-transmitting front panel; a photovoltaic cell layer disposed on one side of the light-transmitting front panel; an insulating layer disposed on the side of the photovoltaic cell layer away from the light-transmitting front panel; and a metal base plate disposed on the side of the insulating layer away from the photovoltaic cell layer; wherein the photovoltaic cell layer and the insulating layer are both planar structures, and the side of the metal base plate near the insulating layer is provided with a concave-convex surface, which is composed of multiple convex and concave parts alternately connected, and the concave-convex surface is connected to the insulating layer.

[0008] The photovoltaic tile provided by this utility model has an insulating layer between the metal base plate and the photovoltaic cell layer, which can prevent leakage and improve power generation. Furthermore, the concave and convex surfaces of the metal base plate alleviate the internal stress caused by thermal expansion through stress transformation, reduction of concentration, and absorption of strain energy. It transforms the membrane stress into localized and easily managed bending stress, effectively absorbing and releasing strain energy. This alleviates the internal stress caused by the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the metal base plate and other components in the photovoltaic tile, while retaining the advantages of the metal base plate in terms of fire resistance, lightweight, and strength.

[0009] In the above technical solution, the concave and convex surfaces may optionally be at least one of a wavy structure, a rectangular step structure, and a sawtooth structure.

[0010] In this technical solution, various concave and convex surfaces, such as wavy, rectangular steps, and sawtooth shapes, can achieve stress mode transformation and strain energy absorption, thereby reducing internal stress and lowering the risk of weld failure. Optionally, the crests and / or troughs of the cross-section of the sawtooth structure can be arc-shaped or planar, replacing sharp corner designs and significantly reducing the stress concentration factor.

[0011] In the above technical solution, optionally, the outline of the wave-shaped structure is a sine curve shape.

[0012] In this technical solution, the contour of the wave-shaped structure is sinusoidal, which makes the stress distribution of the metal base plate more uniform, avoids local stress concentration, improves the dispersion effect of thermal expansion force, and enhances the stability of photovoltaic cell layers, insulation layers and other components in photovoltaic tiles against desoldering.

[0013] In the above technical solution, optionally, the cross-section of the concave and convex surface includes multiple staggered peaks and multiple troughs, and the distance between adjacent peaks and troughs along the thickness direction of the metal base plate is greater than the distance between two adjacent peaks; or the distance between adjacent peaks and troughs along the thickness direction of the metal base plate is greater than the distance between two adjacent troughs.

[0014] This technical solution expands the deformation space of the metal base plate along its thickness direction by limiting the distance, allowing it to more fully absorb and release strain energy generated by the difference in thermal expansion coefficients. This significantly reduces internal thermal stress in the component and prevents desoldering. It also improves the deformation adaptability of the metal base plate to cope with more complex temperature variation scenarios.

[0015] In the above technical solution, optionally, the contour of the peak is arc-shaped; and / or the contour of the trough is arc-shaped.

[0016] In this technical solution, by setting the peaks and troughs into a smooth arc transition, the stress concentration coefficient is reduced, excessive local stress caused by sharp corner structures is avoided, the connection between the metal base plate and the insulation layer is protected, the risk of cracking and debonding caused by stress concentration is reduced, and the service life of the component is extended.

[0017] In the above technical solution, optionally, a portion of the metal base plate is recessed along a first direction to form a first recess, and another portion of the metal base plate is recessed along a second direction to form a second recess. The first direction and the second direction are opposite. The first recess and the second recess are distributed at intervals along a direction perpendicular to the thickness of the metal base plate. The first recess and the second recess form a concave-convex surface on the plate surface where the metal base plate is connected to the insulating layer.

[0018] In this technical solution, the bidirectional concave-convex surface is formed by the deformation of the metal base plate itself, ensuring the structural rigidity and stability of the metal base plate. Simultaneously, this method results in a more uniform stress distribution on the concave-convex surface, further optimizing the dissipation of internal stress and avoiding the risk of desoldering of the photovoltaic modules.

[0019] In the above technical solution, optionally, the first adhesive film layer is disposed between the light-transmitting front panel and the photovoltaic cell layer; the second adhesive film layer is disposed between the photovoltaic cell layer and the insulating layer; and the adhesive layer is bonded between the insulating layer and the uneven surface.

[0020] In this technical solution, a first adhesive film layer and a second adhesive film layer achieve stable bonding between the light-transmitting front panel and the photovoltaic cell layer, and between the photovoltaic cell layer and the insulating layer. The adhesive layer ensures reliable fixation between the insulating layer and the uneven surface of the metal base plate, ensuring a firm connection between the various components of the photovoltaic tile. At the same time, the adhesive film layer and the adhesive layer can help buffer interlayer stress and work together with the uneven surface of the metal base plate to improve the overall structural stability of the photovoltaic tile.

[0021] In the above technical solution, the insulating layer and the uneven surface can optionally be bonded by one of the following bonding methods: overall bonding, partial bonding or edge bonding.

[0022] In this technical solution, different bonding methods can be adapted to different application scenarios and stress distribution requirements. Overall bonding can provide the maximum connection strength and stress transfer efficiency, partial bonding can save bonding materials while ensuring connection stability, and edge bonding can meet basic connection requirements, thus allowing for a reasonable selection based on actual needs.

[0023] In the above technical solution, optionally, the thickness of the first adhesive film layer is greater than 0.3 mm and less than 0.7 mm; and / or the thickness of the second adhesive film layer is greater than 0.3 mm and less than 0.7 mm.

[0024] In this technical solution, by limiting the thickness range of the first adhesive film layer and the second adhesive film layer, sufficient bonding strength and buffering effect can be guaranteed, while avoiding the impact of excessively thick adhesive film on the lightweight design of the photovoltaic tile components, or unreliable bonding and insufficient buffering force caused by excessively thin adhesive film. This ensures a balance between bonding strength, stress absorption capacity and product lightweighting for each component in the photovoltaic tile.

[0025] In the above technical solution, optionally, the insulating layer is a composite layer of PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride) board and PET (polyethylene glycol terephthalate) board stacked together.

[0026] In this technical solution, the composite layer consisting of stacked PVDF and PET boards has good insulation properties. Furthermore, this composite layer not only possesses insulation performance but also excellent weather resistance, preventing the influence of external environments. Optionally, the insulation layer is a composite layer consisting of a three-layer coating structure of composite PVDF board, PET board, and PVDF board.

[0027] The second aspect of this application provides a photovoltaic tile system, including the photovoltaic tile provided in the first aspect of the technical solution.

[0028] Since the photovoltaic tile system in this technical solution includes the photovoltaic tiles provided by the first aspect of the technical solution, it also has all the beneficial effects of the photovoltaic tiles provided by the first aspect of the technical solution, which will not be repeated here.

[0029] Additional aspects and advantages of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0030] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this utility model will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0031] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic tile according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0032] Figure 2 A partial structural schematic diagram of a metal base plate according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0033] The components are: 1. Transparent front panel, 2. Photovoltaic cell layer, 3. Insulating layer, 4. Metal base plate, 40. Concave-convex surface, 42. Convex part, 44. Recessed part, 5. First adhesive film layer, 6. Second adhesive film layer, 7. Adhesive layer, 8. Peak, 9. Valley. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this utility model, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0035] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0036] The following reference Figure 1 and Figure 2This invention describes photovoltaic tiles and photovoltaic tile systems proposed according to some embodiments of the present invention.

[0037] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the photovoltaic tile provided by this utility model includes: a light-transmitting front panel 1; a photovoltaic cell layer 2 disposed on one side of the light-transmitting front panel 1; an insulating layer 3 disposed on the side of the photovoltaic cell layer 2 away from the light-transmitting front panel 1; and a metal base plate 4 disposed on the side of the insulating layer 3 away from the photovoltaic cell layer 2. The photovoltaic cell layer 2 and the insulating layer 3 are both planar structures. The metal base plate 4 has a concave-convex surface 40 on the side near the insulating layer 3. The concave-convex surface 40 is composed of multiple alternating protrusions 42 and concave portions 44, and is connected to the insulating layer 3.

[0038] The photovoltaic tile provided by this utility model enhances the support strength of the photovoltaic components by incorporating a metal base plate 4, and provides an installation foundation for the entire photovoltaic tile. The metal base plate 4 exhibits good performance in terms of fire resistance, lightweight, and strength. Furthermore, an insulating layer 3 is provided between the metal base plate and the photovoltaic cell layer. The insulating layer 3 is made of a material with water-blocking and weather-resistant properties (such as a composite PVDF / PET / PVDF three-layer coating structure), serving as insulation and weather protection to prevent the influence of the external environment. This prevents risks such as leakage and increases power generation. Furthermore, since the photovoltaic tile provided in this solution has a planar structure for both the photovoltaic cell layer 2 and the insulating layer 3, the thermal expansion coefficient of the metal material differs significantly from that of other components in the photovoltaic tile (such as the photovoltaic cell layer 2 and the insulating layer 3). This solution addresses this by providing a concave-convex surface 40 on the side of the metal base plate 4 near the insulating layer 3. Utilizing the geometric characteristics of this concave-convex structure, the film stress generated by the photovoltaic tile under heat or stress can be converted into locally manageable bending stress. The concave-convex surface 40 structure also possesses strong deformation capacity, effectively absorbing and releasing strain energy caused by the difference in thermal expansion coefficients. By utilizing the deformation capacity of the metal base plate 4 itself to absorb and release strain energy, the internal stress caused by the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the metal base plate and other components in the photovoltaic tile is offset, effectively reducing the released thermal stress inside the photovoltaic tile. This lowers the probability of desoldering between the metal base plate 4 and components such as the insulating layer 3 and the photovoltaic cell layer 2, thus extending the service life of the photovoltaic tile. Simultaneously, the metal base plate 4 with the concave-convex surface 40 structure improves stability compared to a planar metal base plate structure, providing reliable support for the entire photovoltaic tile.

[0039] In some embodiments, the concave-convex surface 40 may optionally be at least one of a wavy structure, a rectangular step structure, and a sawtooth structure.

[0040] In these embodiments, the wavy, rectangular step, and sawtooth shapes are all concave-convex structures with good deformation capabilities. They disperse concentrated membrane stress into localized bending or shear stress, while utilizing the deformation space of the structure itself to absorb strain energy, preventing stress accumulation at the connection points and reducing the risk of weld failure. Optionally, the crests 8 and / or troughs 9 of the sawtooth structure are arc-shaped or planar, replacing sharp corner designs and significantly reducing the stress concentration factor.

[0041] In some embodiments, the outline of the wavy structure is optionally sinusoidal.

[0042] In these embodiments, when the concave-convex surface 40 adopts a wavy structure, its outline is in the shape of a sine curve. The curve is continuous and smooth, without obvious bends or abrupt changes, thereby avoiding stress concentration points on the outline. At the same time, it can make the stress distribution of the metal base plate 4 more uniform, avoid local stress concentration, and thus ensure the dispersion effect of thermal expansion force, and improve the stability of photovoltaic cell layer 2 and insulation layer 3 and other components in photovoltaic tiles against desoldering.

[0043] In some embodiments, the cross-section of the uneven surface 40 may optionally include a plurality of staggered peaks 8 and a plurality of valleys 9, wherein the distance between adjacent peaks 8 and valleys 9 along the thickness direction of the metal base plate 4 is greater than the distance between two adjacent peaks 8; or the distance between adjacent peaks 8 and valleys 9 along the thickness direction of the metal base plate 4 is greater than the distance between two adjacent valleys 9.

[0044] In these embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the cross-section of the uneven surface 40 includes multiple staggered peaks 8 and multiple troughs 9. Along the thickness direction of the metal base plate 4, the distance H between adjacent peaks 8 and troughs 9 is much greater than the distance L between two adjacent peaks 8, or much greater than the distance between two adjacent troughs 9. This solution expands the deformation space of the metal base plate 4 along the thickness direction by limiting the distance, enhancing its deformation capacity. This allows it to more fully absorb and release the strain energy generated by the difference in thermal expansion coefficients, significantly reducing the thermal stress inside the component and preventing desoldering. It also improves the deformation adaptability of the metal base plate 4 to cope with more complex temperature change scenarios.

[0045] In some embodiments, the contour of the peak 8 is optionally arc-shaped; and / or the contour of the trough 9 is arc-shaped.

[0046] In these embodiments, the contour of the peak 8 of the structure is arc-shaped, or the contour of the trough 9 is arc-shaped, or both the contours of the peak 8 and the trough 9 are arc-shaped. The arc-shaped contour can make the stress evenly distributed along the arc surface, reduce the stress concentration coefficient, avoid excessive local stress caused by sharp corner structures, protect the connection between the metal base plate 4 and the insulating layer 3, reduce the risk of cracking and delamination caused by stress concentration, and extend the service life of photovoltaic tiles.

[0047] In some embodiments, optionally, a portion of the metal base plate 4 is recessed along a first direction to form a first recess, and another portion of the metal base plate 4 is recessed along a second direction to form a second recess. The first and second directions are opposite in direction, and the first and second recesses are spaced apart along a direction perpendicular to the thickness of the metal base plate 4. The first and second recesses form a concave-convex surface 40 on the plate surface where the metal base plate 4 is connected to the insulating layer 3.

[0048] In these embodiments, the uneven surface 40 is formed by bidirectional recesses in the metal base plate 4. A portion of the metal base plate 4 is recessed along a first direction (e.g., towards the insulating layer 3) to form a first recess, and another portion is recessed along a second direction opposite to the first direction (e.g., away from the insulating layer 3) to form a second recess. The first and second recesses are spaced apart along a direction perpendicular to the thickness of the metal base plate 4, ultimately forming alternating uneven surfaces 40 on the surface where the metal base plate 4 connects to the insulating layer 3. In this design, the uneven surface 40 formed by bidirectional recesses has both its protrusions and recesses formed by the material deformation of the metal base plate itself, ensuring the structural rigidity and stability of the metal base plate 4. Simultaneously, the stress distribution of the uneven surface formed in this way is more uniform, further optimizing the internal stress relief effect and avoiding the risk of desoldering of the photovoltaic module.

[0049] In some embodiments, optionally, a first adhesive film layer 5 is disposed between the light-transmitting front panel 1 and the photovoltaic cell layer 2; a second adhesive film layer 6 is disposed between the photovoltaic cell layer 2 and the insulating layer 3; and an adhesive layer 7 is bonded between the insulating layer 3 and the uneven surface 40.

[0050] In these embodiments, the first adhesive film layer 5 and the second adhesive film layer 6 achieve stable bonding between the light-transmitting front panel 1 and the photovoltaic cell layer 2, and between the photovoltaic cell layer 2 and the insulating layer 3. The adhesive layer 7 reliably fixes the insulating layer 3 to the uneven surface 40 of the metal base plate 4, ensuring a firm connection between the various components of the photovoltaic tile. At the same time, the adhesive film layer and the adhesive layer 7 can help buffer interlayer stress and work together with the uneven surface 40 of the metal base plate 4 to improve the overall stability of the photovoltaic tile structure.

[0051] In some embodiments, the insulating layer 3 and the uneven surface 40 may be bonded by one of the following bonding methods: overall bonding, partial bonding, or edge bonding.

[0052] In these embodiments, different bonding methods can be adapted to different application scenarios and stress distribution requirements. Overall bonding can provide the maximum connection strength and stress transfer efficiency, partial bonding can save bonding materials while ensuring connection stability, and edge bonding can meet basic connection requirements. All three bonding methods can ensure effective connection between the insulation layer and the uneven surface without affecting the stress absorption function of the uneven surface 40, thus allowing for a reasonable selection based on actual needs.

[0053] In some embodiments, optionally, the first film layer 5 comprises at least one of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer, a polyolefin elastomer layer, a polyvinyl butyral layer, and a 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphine oxide layer; and / or the second film layer 6 comprises at least one of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer, a polyolefin elastomer layer, a polyvinyl butyral layer, and a 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphine oxide layer.

[0054] In some embodiments, optionally, the thickness of the first adhesive film layer 5 is greater than 0.3 mm and less than 0.7 mm; and / or the thickness of the second adhesive film layer 6 is greater than 0.3 mm and less than 0.7 mm.

[0055] In these embodiments, by limiting the thickness range of the first adhesive film layer 5 and the second adhesive film layer 6, sufficient bonding strength and buffering effect can be guaranteed, while avoiding the impact of excessively thick adhesive film on the lightweight design of the photovoltaic tile components, or unreliable bonding and insufficient buffering force caused by excessively thin adhesive film, thus ensuring a balance between bonding strength, stress absorption capacity and product lightweighting for each component in the photovoltaic tile.

[0056] In some embodiments, the insulating layer 3 may optionally be a composite layer consisting of PVDF board and PET board stacked together.

[0057] In these embodiments, the composite layer consisting of PVDF board and PET board laminated together has good insulation properties. Furthermore, this composite layer not only possesses insulation performance but also excellent weather resistance, preventing the influence of the external environment. Optionally, the insulation layer 3 is a composite layer consisting of a composite PVDF board, a PET board, and a PVDF board three-layer coating structure laminated together.

[0058] The second aspect of this application provides a photovoltaic tile system, including the photovoltaic tile provided in the first aspect embodiment.

[0059] Since the photovoltaic tile system in this embodiment includes the photovoltaic tile provided in the first aspect embodiment, it also has all the beneficial effects of the photovoltaic tile provided in the first aspect embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0060] The photovoltaic tile in this application will be further described below with reference to a specific embodiment.

[0061] In related technologies, when seeking a balance between photovoltaic panel strength and lightweight design, metallic materials are the optimal choice for conventional photovoltaic modules. They offer excellent performance in terms of fire resistance, lightweighting, and strength. However, the significant difference in the CTE (Coefficient of Thermal Expansion) between metallic materials and other photovoltaic materials can lead to the risk of module desoldering. Therefore, many related technologies focus on developing new materials with smaller CTE differences.

[0062] like Figure 1 As shown, this solution provides a structure of a photovoltaic module (photovoltaic tile), in which a light-transmitting rigid panel (light-transmitting front panel 1) is bonded to the photovoltaic cell layer 2 by a photovoltaic adhesive film (first adhesive film layer 5), the photovoltaic cell layer is bonded to the insulating layer 3 by a photovoltaic adhesive film (second adhesive film layer 6), and the metal base plate 4 is bonded to the insulating layer 3 by an adhesive layer 7.

[0063] Transparent front panel 1: Material, texture, and color are not limited, such as PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate), tempered glass, ETFE (Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer) film, PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride) film, etc.

[0064] Photovoltaic encapsulant film (first encapsulant layer 5 and second encapsulant layer 6): is one of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyolefin elastomer (POE), polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphine oxide (TPO), preferably polyolefin elastomer (POE), with a thickness of 0.3 mm to 0.7 mm.

[0065] Photovoltaic cell layer 2: such as TOPCON (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact) and BC (Back Contact).

[0066] Insulation layer 3: It is commonly a composite PVDF / PET / PVDF three-layer coating structure. Preferably, the outer side of insulation layer 3 has a polymer material layer, which is PET material with water-blocking and weather-resistant properties.

[0067] Adhesive layer 7: The metal base plate is chemically bonded to the back of the insulating layer 3. The material can be adhesive, etc., and the bonding can be done by means of full-surface bonding, perimeter bonding, partial bonding, etc.

[0068] Metal base plate 4: such as Figure 2 As shown, the metal plate adopts a wavy shape, where H >> L, that is, the length of H is much greater than the length of L. Small radius arcs are used at the peaks 8 and troughs 9 to avoid sharp corners. A sine curve is preferred as the outline of the metal plate. The material is not limited, such as aluminum, steel alloy, etc.

[0069] Metal plate base (metal plate 4): The wave-shaped structure can transform membrane stress into localized and more manageable bending stress. The smooth transition of the crests 8 and troughs 9 can reduce the stress concentration factor. Furthermore, the huge deformation capacity provided by its geometry can effectively absorb and release strain energy, thereby reducing the internal stress caused by factors such as large CTE gap.

[0070] The beneficial effects of this application are:

[0071] 1. Reduce the thermal stress released inside the component and decrease the probability of component desoldering.

[0072] 2. Corrugated metal plates have higher bending stiffness than flat plates, providing better strength support for components.

[0073] In this utility model, the term "multiple" refers to two or more unless otherwise explicitly defined. The terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; "linking" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0074] In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "specific embodiment," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0075] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic tile, characterized in that, include: Translucent front panel; A photovoltaic cell layer is disposed on one side of the light-transmitting front panel; An insulating layer is disposed on the side of the photovoltaic cell layer away from the light-transmitting front panel; A metal base plate is disposed on the side of the insulating layer away from the photovoltaic cell layer; The photovoltaic cell layer and the insulating layer are both planar structures. The metal base plate has a concave-convex surface on the side near the insulating layer. The concave-convex surface is composed of multiple alternating convex and concave parts and is connected to the insulating layer.

2. The photovoltaic tile according to claim 1, characterized in that, The concave and convex surfaces are at least one of the following: wavy structure, rectangular step structure, and sawtooth structure.

3. The photovoltaic tile according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outline of the wave-shaped structure is in the shape of a sine curve.

4. The photovoltaic tile according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-section of the uneven surface includes multiple staggered peaks and multiple troughs, wherein the distance between adjacent peaks and troughs along the thickness direction of the metal base plate is greater than the distance between two adjacent peaks; or the distance between adjacent peaks and troughs along the thickness direction of the metal base plate is greater than the distance between two adjacent troughs.

5. The photovoltaic tile according to claim 4, characterized in that, The contour of the wave crest is arc-shaped; and / or The trough has an arc-shaped outline.

6. The photovoltaic tile according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, A portion of the metal base plate is recessed along a first direction to form a first recess, and another portion of the metal base plate is recessed along a second direction to form a second recess. The first direction and the second direction are opposite. The first recess and the second recess are distributed at intervals along a direction perpendicular to the thickness of the metal base plate. The first recess and the second recess form the concave-convex surface on the plate surface where the metal base plate is connected to the insulating layer.

7. The photovoltaic tile according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Also includes: The first adhesive film layer is disposed between the light-transmitting front panel and the photovoltaic cell layer; A second adhesive film layer is disposed between the photovoltaic cell layer and the insulating layer; An adhesive layer is bonded between the insulating layer and the uneven surface.

8. The photovoltaic tile according to claim 7, characterized in that, The insulating layer and the uneven surface are bonded by one of the following bonding methods: overall bonding, partial bonding, or edge bonding.

9. The photovoltaic tile according to claim 7, characterized in that, The thickness of the first adhesive film layer is greater than 0.3 mm and less than 0.7 mm; and / or The thickness of the second adhesive film layer is greater than 0.3 mm and less than 0.7 mm.

10. A photovoltaic tile system, characterized in that, Including photovoltaic tiles as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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