A liquid cooling plate flow channel structure with a spoiler column

Abstract

The utility model relates to liquid cooling plate technical field discloses a liquid cooling plate runner structure with spoiler column, including the substrate, the substrate is equipped with the flow -equalizing plate, the top of substrate is equipped with the upper cover, the upper cover and flow -equalizing plate form the flow -equalizing chamber between, the bottom of substrate is equipped with the lower cover, the lower cover and flow -equalizing plate form the heat exchange chamber between, the surface of flow -equalizing plate is equipped with the flow -equalizing hole of array distribution, make flow -equalizing chamber and heat exchange chamber intercommunication, the bottom surface of flow -equalizing plate is equipped with the inclined flow guide fin, the utility model discloses the combination of " flow -equalizing chamber + flow guide fin", has realized that cooling liquid is from passive uniform distribution to active accurate orientation, and the flow guide fin forcedly guides cooling liquid concentrated flow direction middle part main heat exchange area, has guaranteed the core high heat flux density area to obtain the cooling liquid supply of adequacy, has solved the technical problem of traditional design in cooling liquid because of " shortcut " and led to the technical problem of middle part heat exchange of unqualified of the cooling liquid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of liquid cooling plate technology, specifically a liquid cooling plate flow channel structure with turbulence columns. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of electronic information technology, the power density of electronic chips (such as CPUs, GPUs, server processors, and power battery modules) continues to rise. The heat generated during their operation has become a key factor restricting the performance, reliability, and lifespan of equipment. As a highly efficient thermal management solution, liquid cooling plates are widely used in the heat dissipation systems of high-power-density equipment because their heat exchange efficiency is much higher than that of air cooling. In existing technologies, in order to enhance the heat dissipation performance of liquid cooling plates, the common practice is to set up turbulence structures in the flow channels of the liquid cooling plates, the most typical of which are turbulence columns. These turbulence columns improve heat exchange efficiency by disrupting the thermal boundary layer of the fluid, increasing the turbulence of the flow, and expanding the heat exchange area.

[0003] However, the above approach still has the following problems in practical use: First, most existing designs use a single type of turbulence column with uniform shape, size, and arrangement (e.g., all cylindrical). This homogeneous design cannot adapt to the differences in flow and heat transfer characteristics in different areas (such as the inlet area, the central main heat exchange area, and the outlet area) within the liquid cooling plate channel. In the inlet area, the coolant temperature is low, but the flow has not yet fully developed, and a single turbulence column may not be able to effectively initiate heat transfer under low flow resistance. In the central core heat exchange area, a single turbulence column may not be able to provide the optimal vortex generation capability to maximize heat transfer intensity. In the outlet area, the coolant has been heated and needs to flow out smoothly, and a single turbulence column may cause unnecessary high flow resistance and pressure drop. Therefore, a single turbulence column design is difficult to achieve heat transfer throughout the entire channel. The optimal balance between thermal efficiency and flow resistance is crucial. Secondly, another type of existing technology tends to employ complex three-dimensional serpentine or labyrinthine flow channels to enhance heat transfer. While these designs can improve performance to some extent, they are more difficult to manufacture, costly, and the complex flow channel layout can easily create flow dead zones in corners and dead ends, leading to localized heat accumulation and reducing overall heat dissipation uniformity and reliability. Furthermore, in terms of coolant distribution, traditional liquid cooling plates often rely on the positions of the inlet and outlet to naturally form the flow field, lacking active guidance and control of the coolant flow direction. This easily leads to the coolant preferentially flowing to paths with lower flow resistance (i.e., the "short-circuit" effect), failing to fully flow through the core heat source areas that most need heat dissipation, resulting in uneven heat transfer and wasted heat dissipation efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a liquid-cooled plate flow channel structure with turbulence columns, which has the effect of improving heat exchange efficiency and uniformity.

[0005] The above-mentioned technical objective of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution: a liquid-cooled plate flow channel structure with turbulence columns, including a substrate, a flow equalization plate on the substrate, an upper cover plate on the top of the substrate, a flow equalization cavity formed between the upper cover plate and the flow equalization plate, a lower cover plate on the bottom of the substrate, a heat exchange cavity formed between the lower cover plate and the flow equalization plate, an array of flow equalization holes on the surface of the flow equalization plate to connect the flow equalization cavity and the heat exchange cavity, inclined guide fins on the bottom surface of the flow equalization plate, the inclined direction of the guide fins facing the central main heat exchange zone, and three turbulence columns (one, two, and three) fixedly arranged in an alternating manner on the top surface of the lower cover plate, wherein the first turbulence column is cylindrical and located in the liquid inlet zone, the second turbulence column is elliptical in cross-section and located in the central main heat exchange zone, and the third turbulence column is teardrop-shaped in cross-section and located in the liquid outlet zone.

[0006] A further feature of this invention is that: a mounting portion is provided on the inner side of the substrate, the flow equalization plate is mounted above the mounting portion, and the flow equalization plate is connected to the mounting portion by mounting screws.

[0007] A further feature of this invention is that the upper cover plate is connected to the top of the substrate by two mounting screws, and a liquid inlet hole is provided at one corner of the upper cover plate, with a liquid inlet pipe fixedly provided at the top of the liquid inlet hole.

[0008] A further feature of this invention is that the bottom surface of the upper cover plate is fixedly provided with cylinders arranged in an array, and the bottom of the cylinders is provided with hemispherical grooves.

[0009] A further feature of this invention is that an upper sealing strip is embedded on the bottom surface of the upper cover plate near the perimeter.

[0010] A further feature of this invention is that the lower cover plate is connected to the bottom end of the substrate by three mounting screws, and an outlet hole is provided at one corner of the lower cover plate at a position diagonally opposite to the inlet hole, and an outlet hole is fixedly provided at the bottom end of the outlet hole.

[0011] A further feature of this invention is that a lower sealing strip is embedded on the top surface of the lower cover plate near the periphery.

[0012] In summary, this utility model has the following beneficial effects: 1. By combining a "flow equalization cavity + flow guide fins", the coolant is transformed from passively uniformly distributed to actively and precisely guided. The flow guide fins force the coolant to flow towards the central main heat exchange zone, ensuring a sufficient supply of coolant to the core high heat flux density area. This fundamentally solves the technical problem of poor heat exchange in the middle due to "flow shortcuts" in traditional designs. The differentiated turbulence columns (cylindrical turbulence column one, elliptical turbulence column two, and teardrop turbulence column three) in different zones precisely respond to the heat exchange requirements of different flow stages. The elliptical turbulence column two generates strong longitudinal vortices in the main heat exchange zone, greatly enhancing the heat exchange intensity. Meanwhile, the turbulence columns in the inlet and outlet areas ensure effective heat exchange throughout the entire process. The three work together to achieve efficient and uniform heat dissipation globally, effectively reducing the maximum temperature and thermal stress of electronic components. 2. The flow resistance was optimized globally. The cylindrical turbulence column 1 starts the heat exchange process with low flow resistance in the inlet area; the streamlined design of the teardrop-shaped turbulence column 3 in the outlet area can effectively suppress vortex shedding, smooth the flow field, and significantly reduce the pressure drop in the outlet area. This zonal design concept of "low resistance start-up at the inlet, high-efficiency heat exchange in the middle, and smooth resistance reduction at the outlet" enables the overall flow resistance of the system to be controlled at an excellent level while achieving extremely high heat exchange performance, thus achieving the best balance between heat exchange performance and pump power loss. 3. The directional guidance of the coolant by the guide fins, combined with the initial disruption of the boundary layer by the turbulence column in the inlet area, effectively prevents the formation of flow dead zones in areas such as below the inlet. The cylinder with a hemispherical groove on the bottom surface of the upper cover plate further eliminates temperature stratification by generating chaotic mixing in the flow equalization cavity. Together, they ensure that there are no local fluid stagnations or overheating points inside the liquid cooling plate, thereby significantly improving the reliability of heat dissipation and the long-term service life of electronic components. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is one of the three-dimensional structural schematic diagrams of this utility model; Figure 2 This is the second three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of this utility model; Figure 4 This utility model Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the flow equalization plate of this utility model; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the upper cover plate of this utility model; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lower cover plate of this utility model.

[0014] In the diagram: 1. Substrate; 101. Mounting part; 2. Flow equalization plate; 201. Mounting screw one; 202. Flow equalization hole; 203. Flow guide fins; 3. Upper cover plate; 301. Mounting screw two; 302. Liquid inlet hole; 303. Liquid inlet pipe; 304. Upper sealing strip; 305. Cylindrical; 306. Hemispherical groove; 4. Lower cover plate; 401. Mounting screw three; 402. Liquid outlet hole; 403. Liquid outlet pipe; 404. Lower sealing strip; 405. Turbulence column one; 406. Turbulence column two; 407. Turbulence column three. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments thereof.

[0016] Please see Figures 1-7 In this embodiment of the utility model, a liquid cooling plate flow channel structure with turbulence columns includes a substrate 1, a flow equalization plate 2, an upper cover plate 3, and a lower cover plate 4.

[0017] The substrate 1 is the skeleton of this structure, and its inner side is provided with a stepped mounting part 101 for positioning and supporting the flow equalization plate 2.

[0018] The flow equalization plate 2 is fixed above the mounting part 101 by mounting screws 201, thereby dividing the internal space into upper and lower chambers.

[0019] The upper cover plate 3 is connected to the top of the base plate 1 by mounting screw 301, and a flat flow equalization cavity is formed between its inner surface and the upper surface of the flow equalization plate 2.

[0020] The lower cover plate 4 is connected to the bottom end of the base plate 1 by mounting screws 401, and a heat exchange cavity is formed between its inner surface and the lower surface of the flow equalization plate 2.

[0021] To ensure sealing, an upper sealing strip 304 is embedded on the bottom surface of the upper cover plate 3 near the periphery, and a lower sealing strip 404 is embedded on the top surface of the lower cover plate 4 near the periphery. These sealing strips deform under pressure after the screws are tightened, achieving independent sealing of the flow equalization chamber and the heat exchange chamber. Through the modular screw connection design of the mounting part 101 of the base plate 1, the flow equalization plate 2, the upper cover plate 3, and the lower cover plate 4, combined with the upper sealing strip 304 and the lower sealing strip 404, a robust whole with high mechanical strength and reliable sealing performance is formed. This structure can effectively withstand internal fluid pressure and external installation stress, prevent leakage, and is particularly suitable for harsh working conditions such as vibration and impact, making it highly practical for industrial applications.

[0022] Coolant enters the flow equalization chamber from the inlet pipe 303; the inlet pipe 303 is connected to the inlet hole 302 on the corner of the upper cover plate 3.

[0023] To achieve uniform distribution and guidance of the coolant, the surface of the flow equalization plate 2 is provided with an array of flow equalization holes 202, so that the flow equalization cavity and the heat exchange cavity can be connected.

[0024] The bottom surface of the flow equalization plate 2 (i.e. the side facing the heat exchange cavity) is provided with inclined guide fins 203. Each guide fin 203 is preferably located below or to the side of the flow equalization hole 202, and its inclined direction is consistent towards the central main heat exchange zone of the liquid cooling plate. Its function is to actively guide the coolant flowing out of the flow equalization hole 202, so that it has a horizontal momentum and impacts the core area that requires the strongest heat dissipation more concentratedly and accurately, thereby optimizing the distribution of coolant from the source and guiding the coolant to flow more concentratedly to the high-efficiency heat exchange area.

[0025] The coolant is guided into the heat exchange chamber by the guide fins 203, where it undergoes efficient heat exchange with the turbulence columns located on the top surface of the lower cover plate 4. The turbulence columns are arranged in a staggered pattern to maximize the turbulence of the fluid. The turbulence column 405 is located in the inlet area near the projected position of the inlet hole 302, and its shape is set as cylindrical. In this area, the coolant temperature is the lowest, but the flow has not yet fully developed. The cylindrical turbulence column can initially break the flow boundary layer with relatively low flow resistance and prevent the formation of flow dead zones in this area, thus preparing for subsequent efficient heat exchange.

[0026] Turbulence column 2 406 is located in the central main heat exchange zone of the liquid cooling plate, i.e., the area covered by the main heat source. Its cross-section is set as an ellipse, and its major axis is parallel to the mainstream direction of the coolant from the inlet to the outlet. This shape provides a sufficiently large heat exchange surface area while effectively controlling the pressure drop and guiding the fluid to generate strong longitudinal vortices, which greatly enhances the turbulent heat exchange effect.

[0027] The three turbulence columns 407 are located in the outlet area near the projection position of the outlet hole 402. Their cross-section is set as a teardrop shape, with the round head facing the direction of the water flow and the pointed tail guiding the water flow to leave smoothly. This streamlined design can effectively suppress vortex shedding in the outlet area and avoid excessive local pressure loss. At the same time, its irregular surface can still play a good turbulence role and maintain heat exchange until the final stage.

[0028] The coolant that has completed heat exchange is discharged through the outlet holes 402 and outlet pipes 403, which are diagonally distributed with respect to the inlet hole 302. The diagonal arrangement ensures that the coolant can flow through the longest path and cover the heat exchange area to the maximum extent, thereby improving the overall heat exchange uniformity.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, in order to premix the coolant before it enters the flow equalization hole 202 and eliminate temperature stratification, cylindrical columns 305 arranged in an array can be fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the upper cover plate 3.

[0030] The free ends of these cylinders 305 (i.e., the bottoms away from the upper cover plate 3) are provided with hemispherical grooves 306. When the coolant flows through these cylinders 305 with hemispherical grooves 306, each hemispherical groove 306 becomes a micro-vortex generator, producing a large number of unstable micro-vortices, causing the fluid to undergo chaotic mixing in the flow equalization cavity, further improving the temperature uniformity of the coolant entering the heat exchange cavity, thereby indirectly improving the overall heat dissipation performance.

[0031] In use, the coolant first enters the flow equalization cavity formed by the base plate 1, the top cover plate 3, and the flow equalization plate 2 through the inlet pipe 303 fixedly connected to the top cover plate 3 and the inlet hole 302. In this cavity, the flow velocity of the coolant decreases due to the sudden expansion of the flow cross section, and preliminary pressure balance and flow distribution are carried out in the cavity, laying the foundation for subsequent uniform flow. During the flow through the flow equalization cavity, the coolant impacts the array of cylinders 305 fixed to the bottom surface of the top cover plate 3. The free ends of these cylinders 305 are machined with hemispherical grooves 306. Each hemispherical groove 306 acts as a miniature vortex generator. When the liquid flows around these cylinders 305 with hemispherical grooves 306, a series of tiny vortices of different sizes and random directions are generated. This chaotic mixing effect effectively breaks the temperature stratification of the fluid, making the temperature of the coolant entering the next stage more uniform. After initial flow equalization and mixing, the coolant flows downward through the array of flow equalization holes 202 on the flow equalization plate 2 under pressure. At this time, the inclined guide fins 203 fixed to the bottom surface of the flow equalization plate 2 begin to play a core role. The guide fins 203 change the vertical falling path of the coolant, giving it a clear horizontal momentum, and actively and centrally guide it to the core main heat exchange zone in the middle of the heat exchange chamber, thereby realizing the upgrade of coolant from "uniform distribution" to "precise delivery". After the coolant enters the heat exchange cavity formed by the substrate 1, the flow equalization plate 2, and the lower cover plate 4, it begins to undergo intense and efficient heat exchange with the zoned differentiated turbulence columns located on the top surface of the lower cover plate 4; this process is divided into three synergistic stages: Initial disturbance in the inlet zone: In the inlet zone near the inlet, the coolant first encounters staggered cylindrical turbulence columns 405; this zone utilizes the relatively low flow resistance of the cylindrical columns to initially disrupt the thermal boundary layer of the fluid without excessively increasing the system pressure, thus initiating the heat transfer process and preventing the formation of flow dead zones in this area. Core reinforcement of the main heat exchange zone: The main flow of coolant guided by the guide fins 203 interacts with the elliptical turbulence column 406 located in the center of the main heat exchange zone of the liquid cooling plate. The major axis of the elliptical turbulence column 406 is parallel to the direction of the main flow. This shape not only provides a huge heat exchange surface area, but more importantly, it can efficiently guide the fluid to generate longitudinal vortices, thoroughly destroying the thermal boundary layer, thereby maximizing the heat exchange intensity in this core high heat flux density region. Flow field integration in the outlet zone: After intense heat exchange in the middle section, the heated coolant flows to the outlet zone near the outlet. The teardrop-shaped turbulence column 3407 here, with its streamlined design of round head facing the water flow and pointed tail guiding away, effectively suppresses excessive vortex generation and smoothly integrates the flow field. It aims to ensure sufficient turbulence while minimizing the flow resistance in this area, avoiding unnecessary pressure drop, and ensuring that the overall flow resistance of the system is in a controllable and optimized state. During the entire process of flowing through the heat exchange chamber, the heat generated by the electronic components is conducted to the turbulence column group through the lower cover plate 4 and carried away by the continuously flowing coolant. Finally, the coolant that has completed the heat exchange task gathers at the outlet under the drive of the flow field, and is discharged from the liquid cooling plate through the outlet pipe 403 via the outlet hole 402 arranged diagonally opposite to the inlet hole 302, and enters the external circulation system, thus completing a complete and efficient heat dissipation cycle.

[0032] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model. Therefore, all equivalent changes or modifications made to the structure, features and principles described in the claims of the present utility model patent application are included in the scope of the present utility model patent application.

Claims

1. A liquid-cooled plate flow channel structure with turbulence-inducing columns, comprising a substrate (1), characterized in that, The substrate (1) is provided with a flow equalization plate (2), and the top of the substrate (1) is provided with an upper cover plate (3). A flow equalization cavity is formed between the upper cover plate (3) and the flow equalization plate (2). The bottom of the substrate (1) is provided with a lower cover plate (4). A heat exchange cavity is formed between the lower cover plate (4) and the flow equalization plate (2). The surface of the flow equalization plate (2) is provided with an array of flow equalization holes (202) to connect the flow equalization cavity and the heat exchange cavity. The bottom surface of the flow equalization plate (2) is provided with an inclined flow guide. The fins (203) are inclined towards the central main heat exchange zone. The top surface of the lower cover plate (4) is fixedly provided with staggered turbulence columns one (405), two turbulence columns (406) and three turbulence columns (407). The first turbulence column (405) is cylindrical and located in the liquid inlet zone. The second turbulence column (406) is elliptical in cross-section and located in the central main heat exchange zone. The third turbulence column (407) is teardrop-shaped in cross-section and located in the liquid outlet zone.

2. The liquid-cooled plate flow channel structure with turbulence-inducing columns according to claim 1, characterized in that: The substrate (1) has a mounting part (101) on its inner side. The flow equalization plate (2) is mounted above the mounting part (101) and is connected to the mounting part by mounting screws (201).

3. The liquid-cooled plate flow channel structure with turbulence-inducing columns according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper cover plate (3) is connected to the top of the base plate (1) by mounting screw two (301). One corner of the upper cover plate (3) is provided with a liquid inlet hole (302), and the top of the liquid inlet hole (302) is fixedly provided with a liquid inlet pipe (303).

4. The liquid-cooled plate flow channel structure with turbulence-inducing columns according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom surface of the upper cover plate (3) is fixedly provided with cylinders (305) arranged in an array, and the bottom of the cylinders (305) is provided with a hemispherical groove (306).

5. The liquid-cooled plate flow channel structure with turbulence-inducing columns according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom surface of the upper cover plate (3) is fitted with an upper sealing strip (304) near the perimeter.

6. The liquid-cooled plate flow channel structure with turbulence-inducing columns according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower cover plate (4) is connected to the bottom end of the base plate (1) by mounting screw three (401). The lower cover plate (4) has an outlet hole (402) at one corner diagonally opposite to the inlet hole (302). The bottom end of the outlet hole (402) is fixedly provided with an outlet pipe (403).

7. The liquid-cooled plate flow channel structure with turbulence-inducing columns according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower cover plate (4) has a lower sealing strip (404) embedded on its top surface near the periphery.

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