A spray dust suppression device for a crushing station

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of spray dust-settling device of crushing station, the technical field of dust removal equipment, including dust removal box, material inlet is communicated with and is provided with on the left side of dust removal box, at least including two groups of left and right corresponding dust removal components, each group of dust removal components includes: short liquid inlet pipe, main pipe, branch pipe, umbrella-shaped connecting piece, first passageway, second passageway and spray head, short liquid inlet pipe is vertically through dust removal box top end;Main pipe is communicated with and is provided in the bottom end of short liquid inlet pipe;Branch pipe is equidistantly arranged along the long axis direction of main pipe, and is communicated with the inner chamber of main pipe;Umbrella-shaped connecting piece is communicated with and is provided in the bottom end of each branch pipe.The scheme adopts oblique and vertical combined spray structure, forms three-dimensional mist curtain to eliminate dead angle of injection, efficiently captures dust in the air and material surface;Non-injection state automatic closing component is matched with spray head, to avoid dust agglomeration blockage;Rely on closed cavity negative pressure environment and mechanical linkage mechanism, realize the dynamic adaptation of spray amount and start-stop and dust concentration, avoid material overwetting problem.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of dust removal equipment, specifically relating to a spray dust suppression device for a crushing station. Background Technology

[0002] Crushing stations are commonly used and critical equipment in coal mining operations. They mainly consist of core functional modules such as feeding devices, crushing devices, and conveying devices. Through the coordinated operation of these modules, precise crushing and processing of coal raw materials is achieved. During the coal crushing process, a large amount of coal dust and rock dust particles are generated due to the effects of material compression, impact, and shearing. Therefore, specialized spray dust suppression equipment is required to efficiently capture and settle the dust generated throughout the entire crushing process.

[0003] For example, in related technologies (the prior art with publication number CN120939690A), a dust removal device for an open-pit coal mine crushing station is disclosed. This dust removal device includes: a gas collecting hood shell, a negative pressure suction unit, and an adaptive flow guiding unit. The gas collecting hood shell has an internal space and a hood opening. The internal space is used to cover the dust source. The hood opening is located at the lower end of the gas collecting hood shell. The negative pressure suction unit is connected to the internal space of the gas collecting hood shell and is used to suction dust-laden airflow through the hood opening. The adaptive flow guiding unit is located around the periphery of the hood opening and is used to passively form a physical barrier on the windward side when subjected to lateral wind force, thereby blocking the interference of lateral wind force on the airflow in the internal space. This provides an open-pit coal mine crushing station dust removal device to solve the technical problem of low dust collection efficiency caused by lateral wind interference in open-pit environments in existing dust removal devices.

[0004] The mainstream dust suppression method used in existing coal mine crushing plants involves spraying mist droplets from nozzles of the equipment to perform static dust removal on the materials being transported after crushing. However, in this method, the nozzles are arranged vertically downwards, causing the droplets to be sprayed from top to bottom in a divergent columnar trajectory. Due to this structural constraint, there are significant gaps in the spray coverage areas of adjacent nozzles, creating unavoidable spray dead zones. Even when the droplets fall onto the material surface, the limitations of the spray diffusion pattern make it difficult to quickly and effectively achieve comprehensive dust suppression on the material surface, reducing the droplet's efficiency in capturing dust particles and failing to meet the high-efficiency dust removal requirements of coal mine crushing operations. Utility Model Content

[0005] To address the problems of existing technologies where adjacent vertically arranged nozzles have significant gaps in their spray coverage area, creating unavoidable spray dead zones; and even when droplets fall onto the material surface, the limited spray diffusion pattern makes it difficult to quickly and effectively achieve comprehensive dust suppression, reducing the droplet's dust particle capture efficiency and failing to meet the high-efficiency dust removal requirements of coal mine crushing operations, this invention provides a spray dust suppression device for crushing stations. This device employs a combined group spray structure consisting of upwardly arranged and vertically downward arranged nozzles. This structure can form a three-dimensional fog curtain with cross-coverage around the branch pipes, effectively eliminating spray dead zones between adjacent branch pipes. Simultaneously, the three-dimensional fog curtain can achieve comprehensive coverage of the material surface from the initial spraying stage, ensuring full contact with airborne suspended dust. This achieves rapid and efficient synergistic dust suppression of both airborne and surface dust, improving the droplet's dust particle capture efficiency and better meeting the high-efficiency dust removal requirements of coal mine crushing operations. The specific technical solution is as follows: A dust suppression spray device for a crushing plant includes a dust collection box with a material inlet on its left side. The dust collection box includes at least two sets of dust collection components arranged correspondingly on the left and right sides. Each set of dust collection components includes: a short inlet pipe, a main pipe, branch pipes, an umbrella-shaped connector, a first channel, a second channel, and a nozzle. The short inlet pipe extends vertically through the top of the dust collection box. The main pipe is connected to the bottom of the short inlet pipe. The branch pipes are equidistantly arranged along the long axis of the main pipe and communicate with the inner cavity of the main pipe. The umbrella-shaped connector is connected to the bottom of each branch pipe and has an inclined sidewall. The inner radial direction of the umbrella-shaped connector gradually increases away from the branch pipe. The first channel and the second channel form a communicating cavity within the inner cavity of the umbrella-shaped connector. The first channel is arranged circumferentially along the inclined sidewall of the umbrella-shaped connector, and the second channel is located at the bottom of the umbrella-shaped connector. The nozzle is connected to the communicating cavity formed by the first channel and the second channel. Several nozzles are respectively vertically arranged on the inclined sidewall of the umbrella-shaped connector and the middle of the bottom end of the umbrella-shaped connector. The spray from the nozzles arranged on the adjacent two sets of branch pipes forms a three-dimensional fog curtain that crosses and covers the space.

[0006] In the above technical solution, each nozzle port is provided with a shielding assembly, which includes: a mounting base, a baffle, a swing rod, and a leaf spring. The mounting base is fixedly installed on the side wall of the nozzle; the baffle is rotatably connected to the mounting base and rotatably engaged with the nozzle port; the swing rod is fixedly installed on the side wall of the baffle; the leaf spring is disposed between the swing rod and the side wall of the nozzle, and its two ends are respectively connected to the swing rod and the side wall of the nozzle. The baffle is made of a lightweight material, which can overcome the elasticity of the leaf spring and its own weight to open under the drive of the airflow ejected in the nozzle.

[0007] The above technical solution also includes: a long liquid inlet pipe and a liquid supply system, wherein the long liquid inlet pipe is connected to the short liquid inlet pipe; and the liquid supply system is connected to the long liquid inlet pipe to supply liquid to the long liquid inlet pipe.

[0008] In the above technical solution, a dynamic adjustment system is provided at the connection between the short inlet pipe and the long inlet pipe. The dynamic adjustment system includes: a housing, an adjusting plate, a sealing plate, a drive rod, a spring, and a secondary pull rope. The housing is fixedly installed at the connection between the short inlet pipe and the long inlet pipe, and the short inlet pipe and the long inlet pipe are connected within the inner cavity of the housing. The adjusting plate is slidably installed at the connection between the short inlet pipe and the long inlet pipe, and a through hole is provided on the adjusting plate. The sealing plate is fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the housing, above the adjusting plate, and the through hole on the adjusting plate is slidably installed along the lower surface of the sealing plate. One end of the drive rod is installed on the side wall of the adjusting plate, and the other end slides outward through the side wall of the housing. The spring is sleeved on the drive rod, and both ends are connected to the drive rod and the outer side wall of the housing, respectively. One end of the secondary pull rope is connected to the other end of the drive rod.

[0009] The dust suppression spray device for a crushing plant of this utility model has the following advantages compared with the prior art: I. Addressing the shortcomings of existing single vertically downward-facing nozzles, which result in significant gaps between adjacent nozzles creating spray dead zones and limited droplet diffusion, hindering rapid and comprehensive material surface coverage and leading to low dust collection efficiency, thus failing to meet the high-efficiency dust removal requirements of coal mine crushing operations, this invention employs a combined group spray structure consisting of upward-facing and vertically downward-facing nozzles. The spray from the upward-facing nozzles at adjacent branch pipes first cross-sprays upwards, forming a three-dimensional fog curtain around the branch pipes, effectively eliminating spray dead zones between adjacent branch pipes. Simultaneously, the spray from multiple vertically downward-facing nozzles forms a three-dimensional fog curtain. This fog curtain achieves comprehensive coverage of the material surface from the initial spraying stage and fully contacts airborne dust, enabling rapid and efficient synergistic dust reduction of both airborne and surface dust. This improves the droplet collection efficiency of dust particles and better meets the high-efficiency dust removal requirements of coal mine crushing operations. 2. In the existing spray dust suppression devices, the nozzles are directly exposed to the working environment of the coal crushing station. After the operation is finished, the nozzles easily adsorb coal dust and rock dust in the environment, and the dust is prone to agglomerate and cake after mixing with the residual moisture at the nozzle outlet, which further clogs the nozzle outlet, leading to the attenuation of atomization effect and insufficient spray volume in the subsequent spray operation, and affecting the reuse and operation of the dust suppression device. In view of the above problems, in this utility model, a baffle that can automatically close in the non-spraying state is arranged at each nozzle. This component quickly seals the outlet of the nozzle when spraying stops, effectively blocking the path for dust to enter the nozzle port and the interior in reverse, fundamentally avoiding the problem of dust combining with residual moisture to form caking, ensuring the cleanliness and patency of the nozzle, and facilitating the normal reuse and operation of the dust suppression device; 3. The existing spray dust suppression devices usually adopt a normally open operation mode, which cannot dynamically adjust the spray volume or start-stop state according to the real-time dust concentration. Continuous spraying when the dust volume is low easily leads to excessive moisture content of materials, affects the normal development of subsequent processing and transportation links, and results in poor flexibility of equipment operation. In view of the above problems, this utility model constructs a negative pressure environment in the dust removal box, uses a mechanical linkage feedback mechanism composed of a piston pressure sensor, a main pull rope, an auxiliary pull rope and the like to capture the influence of the dust amount change in the dust removal box on the negative pressure field in real time, and converts this signal into a mechanical action. Through the shielding area of the adjusting plate on the short liquid inlet pipe, the linkage control of the spray volume of the nozzle and the opening and closing state of the short liquid inlet pipe is realized. Specifically, when the dust concentration in the dust removal box increases, the adjusting plate is driven to reduce the shielding area at the connection between the short liquid inlet pipe and the long liquid inlet pipe, increase the water flow per unit time, so that more water flows through the nozzle to form a sufficient amount of spray, and enhance the dust suppression effect. When the dust concentration decreases, the adjusting plate increases the shielding area, reduces the spray volume or directly closes the short liquid inlet pipe to stop spraying. This method can match the dynamic change of dust concentration caused by the fluctuation of feed amount, difference of material hardness and the like in the coal crushing operation, automatically adjust the spray state without manual intervention, realize the dynamic adaptation of dust concentration and spray operation, avoid the chain problems such as adhesion and blockage in subsequent transportation caused by over-wet materials, and ensure the quality stability of materials and the smoothness of subsequent processing and transportation; 4. In this utility model, the discharge part of the crushing station is communicated with the material inlet, so that the materials can be subjected to batch spray dust removal operations in the closed dust removal box. Compared with the traditional exposed dust suppression mode, this closed batch treatment method makes the dust suppression range more targeted and full-coverage, and effectively avoids secondary pollution caused by dust diffusing to the outside. At the same time, the method of batch dust removal and batch discharging is more suitable for the continuous operation condition of the crushing station, realizes the continuous coordination of dust removal and production, ensures that the discharged materials immediately meet the dust removal standard, no additional subsequent dust removal process is needed, and reduces the secondary treatment cost and transportation energy consumption in the material transfer process; In summary, this utility model enables efficient dust removal in coal mine crushing operations: it adopts an inclined and vertical combined spray structure to form a three-dimensional fog curtain, eliminating spray dead angles and efficiently capturing dust in the air and on the material surface; it is equipped with an automatic shut-off component for the nozzle in non-spraying states to prevent dust agglomeration and blockage, ensuring stable equipment operation; relying on the negative pressure environment of the closed cavity and the mechanical linkage mechanism, it achieves dynamic adaptation of spray volume and start / stop to dust concentration, avoiding the problem of excessively wet materials; through closed-loop batch dust removal, it curbs dust overflow pollution, adapts to continuous production conditions, and reduces secondary processing and transportation energy consumption. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the dust collector box of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a front sectional view of the feeding hopper of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a top view of the long liquid inlet tube of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the dust collector box of this utility model; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the main pipeline structure of this utility model; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the branch pipe structure of this utility model; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the umbrella-shaped connector of this utility model; Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of the present invention showing the baffle shield blocking the nozzle. Figure 9 This is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention with the baffle not blocking the nozzle. Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the sealing cylinder of this utility model; Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the shell of this utility model; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention with the long liquid inlet tube and the regulating plate separated. Figures 1 to 12In the middle, 1. Dust collector, 2. Material inlet, 3. Short liquid inlet pipe, 4. Main pipe, 5. Branch pipe, 6. Umbrella-shaped connector, 7. First channel, 8. Second channel, 9. Nozzle, 10. Mounting base, 11. Baffle plate, 12. Swing rod, 13. Leaf spring, 14. Long liquid inlet pipe, 15. Liquid supply system, 16. Housing, 17. Adjusting plate, 18. Drive rod, 19. Spring, 20. Secondary pull rope, 21. Main pull rope, 22. Sealing cylinder, 23. Cylinder body, 24. Sensor plate, 25. Transmission rod, 26. First guide seat, 27. Vertical plate, 28. Second guide seat, 29. Discharge hopper, 30. Baffle plate, 31. Cylinder, 32. Protective cover, 33. Exhaust system, 34. PLC controller, 35. Sealing plate. Detailed Implementation

[0011] The following are specific implementation cases and appendices. Figures 1 to 12 The present invention will be further described below, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0012] A dust suppression spray device for a crushing plant includes a dust collection box 1. A material inlet 2 is connected to the left side of the dust collection box 1. It includes at least two sets of dust collection components arranged correspondingly on the left and right sides. Each set of dust collection components includes: a short inlet pipe 3, a main pipe 4, branch pipes 5, an umbrella-shaped connector 6, a first channel 7, a second channel 8, and a nozzle 9. The short inlet pipe 3 vertically penetrates the top of the dust collection box 1. The main pipe 4 is connected to the bottom of the short inlet pipe 3. The branch pipes 5 are equidistantly arranged along the long axis of the main pipe 4 and communicate with the inner cavity of the main pipe 4. The umbrella-shaped connector 6 is connected to the bottom of each branch pipe 5, and the umbrella-shaped connector 6 has an inclined sidewall and gradually increases in size in the radial direction away from the branch pipe 5. The first channel 7 and the second channel 8... Channel 8 forms a communicating cavity within the umbrella-shaped connector 6. The first channel 7 is arranged circumferentially along the inclined sidewall of the umbrella-shaped connector 6, and the second channel 8 is located at the bottom of the umbrella-shaped connector 6. The nozzle 9 is connected to the communicating cavity formed by the first channel 7 and the second channel 8. The internal structure of the nozzle 9 is the same as that of commonly used spray nozzles in the market. Water can be automatically atomized to form a spray after passing through the nozzle 9. This principle and the structure of the nozzle 9 are existing technologies, and they only need to meet the usage requirements. They will not be described or limited here. Several nozzles 9 are respectively vertically arranged on the inclined sidewall of the umbrella-shaped connector 6 and the middle of the bottom end of the umbrella-shaped connector 6. The spray from the nozzles 9 arranged on two adjacent sets of branch pipes 5 forms a three-dimensional fog curtain that crosses and covers the surface.

[0013] This utility model uses a combined spray structure composed of upward-sloping and downward-sloping nozzles 9: the droplets sprayed by the upward-sloping nozzles 9 at adjacent branch pipes 5 are sprayed crosswise to form a three-dimensional fog curtain around the branch pipes 5, eliminating spray dead angles; combined with the spray from the downward-sloping nozzles 9, the three-dimensional fog curtain can fully cover the surface of the material from the initial spraying stage, while fully contacting the suspended dust in the air, achieving efficient and coordinated dual dust collection, improving dust removal efficiency, and meeting the high-efficiency dust removal needs of coal mine crushing operations.

[0014] Each nozzle 9 has a shielding assembly at its port, which includes: a mounting base 10, a baffle 11, a swing rod 12, and a leaf spring 13. The mounting base 10 is fixedly installed on the side wall of the nozzle 9; the baffle 11 is rotatably connected to the mounting base 10 and rotatably engaged at the port of the nozzle 9; the swing rod 12 is fixedly installed on the side wall of the baffle 11; the leaf spring 13 is disposed between the swing rod 12 and the side wall of the nozzle 9, and its two ends are respectively connected to the swing rod 12 and the side wall of the nozzle 9; the leaf spring 13 is a commercially available leaf spring, which can cause the baffle 11 to overcome the elastic force of the leaf spring 13 and open under the spray action of the spray airflow inside the nozzle 9, and when the nozzle 9 is not spraying airflow, the leaf spring 13 drives the baffle 11 to rotate in the opposite direction and close at the port of the nozzle 9; the elastic coefficient of the leaf spring 13 only needs to meet the above usage requirements, and a commercially available model is used, which will not be elaborated or limited here. The baffle 11 is made of a lightweight material, which, driven by the airflow sprayed inside the nozzle 9, overcomes the elasticity of the leaf spring 13 and its own weight to open. Specifically, the baffle 11 is made of a lightweight material, which, under the condition of airflow spraying inside the nozzle 9, overcomes the elasticity of the leaf spring 13 and its own weight to open. For example, in this embodiment, the baffle 11 is made of a foam material with a waterproof layer on its surface, which can easily drive the baffle 11 to rotate and open when spraying inside the nozzle 9, and drive the leaf spring 13 to deform. The baffle 11 can also be made of other lightweight materials that meet the usage requirements, such as EVA foam material, lightweight engineering plastics, and polyurethane composite materials, which will not be elaborated or limited here.

[0015] This utility model is equipped with a baffle 11 that automatically closes when the nozzle 9 is not spraying. When the spray stops, the baffle 11 quickly closes the nozzle 9 outlet, blocking the reverse entry path of dust, preventing dust and residual moisture from clumping together, ensuring the nozzle 9 is clean and unobstructed, and ensuring the stable operation of the dust suppression device in the future.

[0016] This solution also includes: a long inlet pipe 14 and a liquid supply system 15. The long inlet pipe 14 is connected to the short inlet pipe 3; the liquid supply system 15 is connected to the long inlet pipe 14 to supply liquid to the long inlet pipe 14. The liquid supply system 15 adopts a standardized liquid supply system commonly used in the field of atomization dust removal in coal mine crushing stations. It integrates core functional units such as a liquid storage tank, a power pump module, a liquid level detection module, and pipeline adapter components, which can meet the stable liquid supply, pressure output, and basic liquid level monitoring requirements of the atomization dust removal operation of this device. The specific model, structural details, and conventional operating parameters of this liquid supply system all follow existing industry standards and will not be further limited or elaborated here.

[0017] A dynamic adjustment system is provided at the connection between the short inlet pipe 3 and the long inlet pipe 14. The dynamic adjustment system includes: a housing 16, an adjusting plate 17, a sealing plate 35, a drive rod 18, a spring 19, and a secondary pull rope 20. The housing 16 is fixedly installed at the connection between the short inlet pipe 3 and the long inlet pipe 14, and the short inlet pipe 3 and the long inlet pipe 14 are connected within the cavity of the housing 16. The adjusting plate 17 is relatively slidably installed at the connection between the short inlet pipe 3 and the long inlet pipe 14, and a through hole is provided on the adjusting plate 17. The sealing plate 35 is fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the housing 16, positioned above the adjusting plate 17. The through holes on the adjusting plate 17 are slidably arranged relative to the lower surface of the sealing plate 35. When the adjusting plate 17 moves relative to the long inlet pipe 14 and the short inlet pipe 3, the sealing plate 35 always covers the adjusting plate 17. Through its sealing effect, it ensures that the through holes of the adjusting plate 17 are only open when it is connected to the long inlet pipe 14. The through holes of the unconnected parts are completely blocked and sealed by the sealing plate 35, ensuring the sealing performance during the on / off process. When the adjusting plate 17 moves to its maximum extent relative to the long inlet pipe 14, the through holes on the adjusting plate 17 correspond completely to the long inlet pipe 14 and the short inlet pipe 3, at which point the liquid flow rate is at its maximum. That is, when the adjusting plate 17 moves relative to the long inlet pipe 14 and the short inlet pipe 3, the exposed part of the through holes on the adjusting plate 17 is blocked by the sealing plate 35, ensuring that the liquid between the long inlet pipe 14 and the short inlet pipe 3 will not overflow from the exposed part. One end of the drive rod 18 is mounted on the side wall of the adjusting plate 17, and the other end slides outward through the side wall of the housing 16; the spring 19 is sleeved on the drive rod 18, and its two ends are respectively connected to the drive rod 18 and the outer side wall of the housing 16; one end of the auxiliary pull rope 20 is connected to the other end of the drive rod 18.

[0018] This invention constructs a negative pressure environment within the dust collection chamber 1. Utilizing a mechanical linkage feedback mechanism composed of components such as a piston pressure sensor, it captures the impact of changes in dust concentration within the dust collection chamber 1 on the negative pressure field and converts this into mechanical action. The obstruction area of ​​the short inlet pipe 3 is adjusted via an adjusting plate 17, which in turn controls the spray volume of the nozzle 9 and the opening and closing of the short inlet pipe 3. When the dust concentration increases, the adjusting plate 17 reduces the obstruction at the connection between the short inlet pipe 3 and the long inlet pipe 14, increasing the water flow to enhance dust suppression. When the concentration decreases, the adjusting plate 17 increases the obstruction, reducing the spray volume or closing the short inlet pipe 3. This design can automatically adapt to the dynamic changes in dust concentration during coal mine crushing operations, achieving precise matching between dust concentration and spraying operations, avoiding excessive material moisture, and ensuring material quality and smooth subsequent processing and transportation.

[0019] The dynamic adjustment system also includes: a main pull rope 21, a sealing cylinder 22, and a piston pressure sensor. The main pull rope 21 is connected to the other end of the auxiliary pull rope 20. The sealing cylinder 22 is sealed and installed at the top of the dust collector 1, and the sealing cylinder 22 is set as a hollow cylinder. The piston pressure sensor is set in the inner cavity of the sealing cylinder 22 and communicates with the inside of the dust collector 1. The main pull rope 21 is connected to the output end of the piston pressure sensor. The piston pressure sensor includes a cylinder 23, a sensing plate 24, and a transmission rod 25. Specifically, the main pull rope 21 is connected to the top end of the transmission rod 25. By changing the negative pressure inside the dust collector 1, the sensing plate 24 is driven to move up and down, thereby driving the transmission rod 25 to move the main pull rope 21. The cylinder 23, the sensing plate 24, and the transmission rod 25 are conventional components of the piston pressure sensor, and the industry-standard accessory specifications and connection methods of this type of sensor are adopted. Its core function is to accurately capture changes in negative pressure within the dust collector 1 and convert this pressure signal into displacement of the component sensing plate 24 and transmission rod 25, thereby transmitting power to the main pull rope 21 and meeting the signal feedback requirements of the entire linkage mechanism. The specific structural details, dimensional parameters, and assembly process of this part all follow existing general technical specifications and will not be further limited or elaborated here. Specifically, an increase in dust volume within the dust collector 1 leads to an increase in negative pressure within its cavity, causing the piston pressure sensor output to move upwards. This, in turn, increases the connection area of ​​the through-hole on the adjusting plate 17 between the long inlet pipe 14 and the short inlet pipe 3, thereby increasing the liquid flow rate at the connection point between the long inlet pipe 14 and the short inlet pipe 3.

[0020] The higher the dust concentration, the greater the negative pressure inside the dust collector 1. The specific reasons are as follows: The negative pressure inside the dust collector 1 originally comes from the suction effect of the matching liquid supply system 15. The liquid supply system 15 continuously extracts air from the hood, causing the air pressure inside the dust collector 1 to be lower than the outside pressure, thus creating negative pressure. When the dust concentration increases, the dust acts as a mechanical blockage, reducing the effective cross-sectional area for airflow. The airflow resistance of the liquid supply system 15 during suction increases significantly, leading to dust blocking the airflow channels and thus increasing the negative pressure. Furthermore, high dust concentrations turn the air inside the hood into a dust-laden airflow. The dust particles themselves impede airflow; the higher the dust concentration, the greater the flow resistance of this gas-solid mixture. The liquid supply system 15 needs to overcome this resistance, which is reflected in the increased negative pressure value inside the dust collector 1. These two key mechanical resistances are superimposed, causing the negative pressure inside the dust collector 1 to increase further with increasing dust concentration. This pressure change process is transmitted through a piston pressure sensor, which adjusts the connection area between the long liquid inlet pipe 14 and the short liquid inlet pipe 3.

[0021] By creating a negative pressure environment inside the dust collection box 1, and using a mechanical linkage feedback mechanism composed of a piston pressure sensor, main pull rope 21 and auxiliary pull rope 20, the influence of changes in the amount of dust inside the dust collection box 1 on the negative pressure field is captured in real time, and the signal is converted into mechanical action. By adjusting the area of ​​the short liquid inlet pipe 3 blocked by the adjusting plate 17, the linkage control of the spray volume of the nozzle 9 and the opening and closing state of the short liquid inlet pipe 3 is realized.

[0022] The dynamic adjustment system also includes: a first guide seat 26, a vertical plate 27, and a second guide seat 28. The first guide seat 26 is fixedly installed on the top of the dust collector 1, and the auxiliary pull rope 20 passes through the first guide seat 26. The vertical plate 27 is fixedly installed on the top of the dust collector 1. The second guide seat 28 is fixedly and vertically installed on the top of the side wall of the vertical plate 27, and the main pull rope 21 passes through the second guide seat 28. The first guide seat 26 and the second guide seat 28 limit the movement direction of the auxiliary pull rope 20 and the main pull rope 21, ensuring that the normal linkage between the rising of the transmission rod 25 and the rising of the main pull rope 21 and the auxiliary pull rope 20 is achieved.

[0023] This solution also includes: a feeding hopper 29, a baffle plate 30, a protective cover 32, and a cylinder 31. The feeding hopper 29 is connected to the bottom of the dust collector 1 and is funnel-shaped. The baffle plate 30 is slidably inserted into the bottom of the inner cavity of the feeding hopper 29 in a horizontal manner. The protective cover 32 is installed on the bottom of the side wall of the feeding hopper 29. The cylinder 31 is installed on the outer wall of the protective cover 32, and the output end of the cylinder 31 is connected to the side wall of the baffle plate 30. The cylinder 31 used in this application is a reciprocating cylinder with a self-locking output end commonly used in the market. Its output end is controlled to move in the reciprocating direction. After moving, the output end can stay at any position and be locked. It only needs to meet the usage requirements of this application, and will not be described or limited here.

[0024] A ventilation system 33 is installed on the right side of the dust collector 1, and the ventilation system 33 is connected to the inner cavity of the dust collector 1. The ventilation system 33 adopts a conventional and universal ventilation system used in the field of spray dust suppression in coal mine crushing stations. It mainly consists of core components such as a power fan, a guide pipe, a dust filter assembly, and sealing connectors. When in operation, the system can efficiently extract and guide the dust-laden airflow in the dust collector 1 through negative pressure adsorption, providing preconditions for the subsequent centralized treatment, recycling, or emission of dust to meet standards. As a standard supporting facility for the spray dust suppression process, it selects industry-standard models and mature application solutions. Specific structural details, performance parameters, and assembly methods all follow existing general technical specifications, and no further limitations or elaborations are made here.

[0025] A PLC controller 34 is installed on the outside of the dust collector 1. The PLC controller 34 is electrically connected to the liquid supply system 15, the piston pressure sensor, the cylinder 31, and the exhaust system 33. The PLC controller 34 is a commercially available controller, a general-purpose industrial automatic control device developed by integrating computer technology, automatic control technology, and communication technology, with a microprocessor as its core. It uses a programmable memory as its internal instruction memory device and has functions such as logic, sorting, timing, counting, and arithmetic operations. In this solution, the PLC controller 34 can perform unified control and information processing on the electrical components of this equipment. This is existing technology and will not be described or limited here.

[0026] It is also worth noting that the components in this equipment, such as the liquid supply system 15, long inlet pipe 14, housing 16, adjusting plate 17, short inlet pipe 3, main pipe 4, branch pipe 5, umbrella-shaped connector 6, and nozzle 9, can be used in existing open crushing environments. The nozzles 9, which are inclined upwards and downwards at the umbrella-shaped connector 6, can still meet the spray dust removal effect of cross-covering dust.

[0027] The working principle of the spray dust suppression device in the crushing plant in this embodiment is as follows: The material inlet 2 is connected to the discharge port of the crushing station, and the material enters the inner cavity of the dust collector 1 through the material inlet 2. The liquid supply system 15 is turned on in a controlled manner, pumping liquid to the long inlet pipe 14, the through hole of the regulating plate 17, and the short inlet pipe 3. The liquid is atomized and sprayed at each of the opened nozzles 9 through the short inlet pipe 3, the main pipe 4, the branch pipes 5, and each set of umbrella-shaped connectors 6. The upwardly arranged nozzles 9 and the vertically arranged nozzles 9 form a combined group spray structure. The spray from the upwardly arranged nozzles 9 at adjacent branch pipes 5 first sprays in an upwardly inclined manner, forming a three-dimensional fog curtain that crosses and covers the area around the branch pipes 5, effectively eliminating the spray dead angle between adjacent sets of branch pipes 5. At the same time, the spray from the multiple sets of vertically arranged nozzles 9 forms a three-dimensional fog curtain. The three-dimensional fog screen can achieve complete coverage of the material surface from the initial spraying stage and fully contact the airborne suspended dust, realizing rapid and efficient synergistic dust reduction of airborne dust and material surface dust, improving the collection efficiency of fog droplets for dust particles, and better meeting the high-efficiency dust removal requirements of coal mine crushing operations; in addition, due to the staggered arrangement of the inclined nozzles 9 at the two adjacent sets of branch pipes 5, that is, the spray coverage area of ​​the inclined nozzle 9 at the left branch pipe 5 corresponds to the coverage gap between the two sets of inclined nozzles 9 at the right branch pipe 5; this staggered layout allows the spray coverage of the left and right sets of branch pipes 5 to form a complementary superposition effect, further eliminating spray blind spots in adjacent areas, strengthening the full coverage capability of the three-dimensional fog screen, ensuring that the spray achieves complete coverage without dead angles in the working space, and improving the overall dust reduction efficiency; When the spray inside the nozzle 9 is sprayed outward, the drive baffle 11 opens and causes the leaf spring 13 to be compressed; when the nozzle 9 is not working and does not spray, the swing rod 12 and the baffle 11 are driven to rotate and reset by the elastic force of the leaf spring 13, so that the baffle 11 blocks the nozzle 9 at the port, thereby blocking the nozzle 9 and preventing dust from entering the open nozzle 9 port and causing blockage. During the dust removal process of the dust collector 1, the internal negative pressure changes dynamically with the dust concentration: when the dust concentration increases, the increased negative pressure in the chamber drives the sensor plate 24 and the transmission rod 25 to move upward, which in turn pulls the adjusting plate 17 backward via the main pull rope 21 and the auxiliary pull rope 20. This causes the area of ​​the through hole on the plate to increase the area of ​​the connection between the long liquid inlet pipe 14 and the short liquid inlet pipe 3, thereby increasing the water supply and increasing the spray volume of the nozzle 9 to enhance dust removal; when the dust concentration decreases, the negative pressure in the dust collector 1 decreases, and the spring 19 drives the adjusting plate 17 to reset. The area of ​​the through hole on the adjusting plate 17 connected to the long liquid inlet pipe 14 and the short liquid inlet pipe 3 becomes smaller, thereby reducing the spray volume; when the dust concentration drops to the point where the chamber returns to normal pressure, the adjusting plate 17 completely disconnects the connection between the long liquid inlet pipe 14 and the short liquid inlet pipe 3, and the nozzle 9 stops spraying. This mechanism can automatically adapt to the dynamic changes in dust concentration during coal mine crushing operations, achieving precise matching between spray volume and dust concentration, avoiding the problem of excessively wet materials, and ensuring the stability of material quality and subsequent processing and transportation. This invention employs a combined inclined and vertical spray structure to form a three-dimensional fog curtain with cross-coverage, effectively eliminating spray dead angles and achieving rapid and efficient synergistic capture of airborne dust and material surface dust. This significantly improves dust removal efficiency to meet the high-efficiency dust removal requirements of coal mine crushing operations. By equipping the nozzles with components that automatically close when not spraying, the path for dust to enter back and combine with residual moisture to form clumps is blocked at the source, ensuring clean and unobstructed nozzles and continuous and stable operation of the dust suppression device. The closed cavity creates a relatively negative pressure environment and a mechanical linkage feedback mechanism to achieve dynamic adaptation between dust concentration and spray operation. It can automatically adjust the spray volume or start / stop status according to the real-time dust concentration, avoiding subsequent processing and transportation problems caused by excessively wet materials, ensuring material quality stability and smooth operation. Through closed-loop batch dust removal, the dust suppression range becomes more targeted and has full coverage, effectively curbing secondary pollution caused by dust overflow. It is also precisely adapted to the continuous operation conditions of the crushing station, achieving continuous synergy between dust removal and production, eliminating additional subsequent dust removal processes, and significantly reducing secondary processing costs and transportation energy consumption during material transfer.

[0028] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A spray dust suppression device for a crushing plant, comprising a dust collection box (1), wherein a material inlet (2) is connected to the left side of the dust collection box (1), characterized in that: It includes at least two sets of dust collection components arranged correspondingly on the left and right sides. Each set of dust collection components includes: A short inlet pipe (3) extends vertically through the top of the dust collector (1); The main pipe (4) is connected to the bottom end of the short inlet pipe (3); Branch pipes (5) are equidistantly arranged along the long axis of the main pipe (4) and communicate with the inner cavity of the main pipe (4); An umbrella-shaped connector (6) is connected to the bottom end of each of the branch pipes (5), and the umbrella-shaped connector (6) is an umbrella-shaped structure with inclined sidewalls. The direction of the inner radial direction of the umbrella-shaped connector (6) away from the branch pipe (5) gradually increases. The first channel (7) and the second channel (8) form a communicating cavity in the inner cavity of the umbrella-shaped connector (6). The first channel (7) is arranged circumferentially along the inclined side wall of the umbrella-shaped connector (6), and the second channel (8) is arranged at the bottom end of the umbrella-shaped connector (6). The nozzle (9) is connected to the communicating cavity formed by the first channel (7) and the second channel (8); Among them, several nozzles (9) are respectively vertically arranged on the inclined side wall of the umbrella-shaped connector (6) and the middle of the bottom end of the umbrella-shaped connector (6). The spray from the nozzles (9) arranged on the adjacent two sets of branch pipes (5) forms a three-dimensional fog curtain that crosses and covers.

2. The dust suppression spray device for a crushing plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the nozzles (9) is provided with a shielding component at its port, the shielding component comprising: Mounting base (10) is fixedly installed on the side wall of the nozzle (9); The baffle (11) is rotatably connected to the mounting base (10) and rotatably fastened to the nozzle (9) port; The swing rod (12) is fixedly installed on the side wall of the baffle (11); A leaf spring (13) is disposed between the swing rod (12) and the side wall of the nozzle (9), and its two ends are respectively connected to the swing rod (12) and the side wall of the nozzle (9); The baffle (11) is made of lightweight material and can be opened by overcoming the elasticity of the leaf spring (13) and its own weight under the drive of the airflow ejected in the nozzle (9).

3. The dust suppression spray device for a crushing plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A long inlet pipe (14) is connected to the short inlet pipe (3); The liquid supply system (15) is connected to the long liquid inlet pipe (14) to supply liquid to the long liquid inlet pipe (14).

4. The dust suppression spray device for a crushing station according to claim 3, characterized in that: A dynamic adjustment system is provided at the connection between the short inlet pipe (3) and the long inlet pipe (14), the dynamic adjustment system comprising: The housing (16) is fixedly disposed at the connection between the short inlet pipe (3) and the long inlet pipe (14), and the short inlet pipe (3) and the long inlet pipe (14) are connected in the inner cavity of the housing (16); An adjusting plate (17) is slidably disposed at the connection between the short inlet pipe (3) and the long inlet pipe (14), and a through hole is provided on the adjusting plate (17); A sealing sheet (35) is fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the housing (16) and positioned above the adjusting sheet (17). The through hole on the adjusting sheet (17) is slidably disposed relative to the lower surface of the sealing sheet (35). The drive rod (18) is installed at one end on the side wall of the adjustment plate (17) and at the other end slides outward through the side wall of the housing (16); A spring (19) is sleeved on the drive rod (18), and its two ends are respectively connected to the drive rod (18) and the outer wall of the housing (16); The auxiliary pull rope (20) is connected at one end to the other end of the drive rod (18).

5. A spray dust suppression device for a crushing plant according to claim 4, characterized in that: The dynamic adjustment system also includes: The main pull rope (21) is connected to the other end of the auxiliary pull rope (20); A sealing cylinder (22) is installed on the top of the dust collector (1) and the sealing cylinder (22) is a hollow cylinder. A piston pressure sensor is installed inside the sealed cylinder (22) and communicates with the dust collector (1). The main pull rope (21) is connected to the output end of the piston pressure sensor. The increase in dust in the dust collector (1) leads to an increase in negative pressure in its inner cavity. The output end of the piston pressure sensor moves upward, which in turn increases the area of ​​the through hole on the regulating plate (17) connecting the long liquid inlet pipe (14) and the short liquid inlet pipe (3), thereby increasing the liquid flow rate at the connection between the long liquid inlet pipe (14) and the short liquid inlet pipe (3).

6. A spray dust suppression device for a crushing station according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dynamic adjustment system also includes: The first guide seat (26) is fixedly installed on the top of the dust collector (1), and the auxiliary pull rope (20) passes through the first guide seat (26). The upright plate (27) is fixedly installed on the top of the dust collection box (1); The second guide seat (28) is fixed and vertically installed on the top of the side wall of the upright plate (27), and the main pull rope (21) passes through the second guide seat (28). The first guide seat (26) and the second guide seat (28) limit the movement direction of the auxiliary pull rope (20) and the main pull rope (21).

7. A spray dust suppression device for a crushing plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: The feeding hopper (29) is connected to the bottom end of the dust collector (1) and is configured as a funnel; The baffle plate (30) is slidably inserted into the bottom of the inner cavity of the hopper (29) in a horizontal manner; Protective cover (32) is installed at the bottom of the side wall of the hopper (29); A cylinder (31) is installed on the outer wall of the protective cover (32), and the output end of the cylinder (31) is connected to the side wall of the baffle plate (30).

8. A spray dust suppression device for a crushing station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dust collector (1) is provided with an exhaust system (33) on the right side, and the exhaust system (33) is connected to the inner cavity of the dust collector (1).

9. A spray dust suppression device for a crushing station according to claim 1, characterized in that: A PLC controller (34) is installed on the outside of the dust collection box (1).

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