Reformer with composite bed structure

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of reformer, disclose a kind of reformer of composite bed layer structure, including furnace body, catalyst bed layer one, catalyst bed layer two and gas collection passage, the catalyst bed layer one and catalyst bed layer two are sequentially arranged along the air inlet direction of furnace body, the catalyst bed layer one is axial flow direction bed layer structure, and the catalyst bed layer two is axial radial flow direction bed layer structure. The utility model is matched by the catalyst bed layer of axial and radial, optimizes airflow path, makes reformer pressure drop be greatly reduced, and by catalyst bed layer one and catalyst bed layer two using different particle size catalyst packing particle, both can further reduce pressure drop, also can make catalyst bed layer one in being able to play catalytic effect also as filter interception dust in process gas, filtered process gas can evenly enter catalyst bed layer two, realize the reaction process of low pressure drop, high conversion rate, also make catalyst bed layer two be protected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of converter technology, specifically relating to a converter with a composite bed structure. Background Technology

[0002] In the ammonia synthesis process, the shift converter is a key reaction device used to convert carbon monoxide (CO) into hydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Traditional shift converters mostly adopt an axial flow bed structure, which has the disadvantage of large pressure drop, resulting in high system energy consumption and limited operating load. In addition, the process gas from the upstream gasifier often contains a large amount of dust. This dust can easily clog the catalyst bed when it enters the shift converter, causing catalyst damage and efficiency reduction. Utility Model Content

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a converter with a composite bed structure to solve the problems of large pressure drop and easy blockage by dust contained in the process gas in the existing converter with composite bed structure.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A composite bed structure converter includes a furnace body, a first catalyst bed, a second catalyst bed, and a gas collection channel. The first catalyst bed and the second catalyst bed are arranged sequentially along the gas inlet direction of the furnace body. The first catalyst bed is an axially flowing bed structure, and the second catalyst bed is an axially radially flowing bed structure. The second catalyst bed is connected to the gas collection channel. The catalyst packing particles in catalyst bed one have a larger particle size than those in catalyst bed two, so that the catalyst bed also serves as a filter layer for filtering dust from the gas entering the furnace.

[0005] In one possible implementation, a flow channel is formed between the second catalyst bed and the inner wall of the furnace body, and gas enters the second catalyst bed radially within the flow channel. The gas entry direction of the first catalyst bed is perpendicular to the gas entry direction of the second catalyst bed.

[0006] In a possible implementation, both catalyst bed one and catalyst bed two are provided with refractory ball layers on both sides of the furnace body in the gas inlet direction.

[0007] In one possible implementation, a spacer channel layer is provided between the first catalyst bed and the second catalyst bed.

[0008] In a possible implementation, the catalyst bed one and / or catalyst bed two include, from bottom to top, a support plate, a lower refractory ball layer, a wire mesh one, a catalyst packing, a wire mesh two, and an upper refractory ball layer.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the upper part of the furnace body is provided with a manhole that communicates with the internal cavity, and the manhole is openable and closable.

[0010] In a possible implementation, the bulk density of the catalyst packing in catalyst bed one is 0.84–0.95 kg / L, and the bulk density of the catalyst packing in catalyst bed two is 0.95–1.30 kg / L.

[0011] In one possible implementation, a support structure is provided between the first catalyst bed and the second catalyst bed.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The composite bed structure of this invention optimizes the airflow path through the combination of axial and radial catalyst beds, resulting in a significant reduction in pressure drop. Furthermore, by using catalyst packing particles of different sizes for catalyst bed one and catalyst bed two, the pressure drop can be further reduced. Catalyst bed one can not only perform catalytic action but also filter and intercept dust in the process gas. The filtered process gas can then uniformly enter catalyst bed two, achieving a low-pressure-drop, high-conversion-rate reaction process. At the same time, catalyst bed two is protected, and its service life is significantly extended.

[0013] Moreover, by setting the catalyst bed as a structure of stacked and pressed layers from top to bottom, it is convenient that when dust accumulates to a certain level, maintenance personnel only need to enter the furnace through the manhole to replace the catalyst bed, avoiding the problem of replacing the entire furnace catalyst and solving the problem of high material and maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a converter with a composite bed structure. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the catalyst bed of a composite bed converter.

[0015] In the diagram: 1-furnace body; 2-catalyst bed one; 21-upper refractory ball layer; 22-lower refractory ball layer; 23-support plate; 24-wire mesh one; 25-catalyst packing; 26-wire mesh two; 3-spacer channel layer; 4-catalyst bed two; 5-flow channel; 6-gas collection channel. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of this utility model, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0017] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, an embodiment of this application provides a converter with a composite bed structure, including a furnace body 1, a catalyst bed 2, a catalyst bed 4, and a gas collection channel 6. The catalyst bed 2 and the catalyst bed 4 are arranged sequentially along the gas inlet direction of the furnace body 1. The catalyst bed 2 is an axially flowing bed structure, and the catalyst bed 4 is an axially radially flowing bed structure. The catalyst bed 4 is connected to the gas collection channel 6.

[0018] The composite bed structure shift converter is used in ammonia synthesis systems, primarily to convert carbon monoxide (CO) into hydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Catalyst beds 1 (2) and 2 (4) employ different gas flow directions. Catalyst bed 1 (2) has an axial gas flow direction, passing axially through the catalyst packing 25. Catalyst bed 2 (4) has a radial gas flow direction, with gas passing radially from the outer periphery to undergo the catalytic reaction. The gas from catalyst bed 2 (4) after the reaction is collected through the gas collection channel 6 and discharged from the shift converter. This optimization of the gas flow path through the axial and radial coordination of catalyst beds 1 and 2 (4) significantly reduces the pressure drop in the shift converter.

[0019] In the production system of synthetic ammonia, the process gas of the gasifier in the front section of the converter often contains a large amount of dust. When this dust enters the converter directly, it can easily clog the catalyst bed, causing catalyst damage and reduced efficiency. Although the axial and radial bed structure can reduce the pressure drop, it is still sensitive to dust. Once dust accumulates, the entire furnace catalyst needs to be replaced, resulting in significant economic losses and equipment downtime.

[0020] To address the aforementioned issues, in the embodiments of this application, the particle size of the catalyst packing 25 in catalyst bed 1 is larger than that of the catalyst packing 25 in catalyst bed 2, so that the catalyst bed simultaneously serves as a filter layer for filtering dust from the gas entering the furnace body 1.

[0021] By configuring the particle size of the catalyst packing 25 in catalyst bed 12 to be larger, or to be a catalyst with high dust holding capacity, it can facilitate the catalysis of process gas, reduce pressure drop, and intercept dust while allowing process gas to pass through. This ensures that the converter has high processing efficiency and allows stable operation under higher loads. At the same time, catalyst bed 12 can also protect catalyst bed 24, significantly extending the service life of catalyst in catalyst bed 24.

[0022] In one embodiment, a flow channel 5 is formed between the second catalyst bed 4 and the inner wall of the furnace body 1. Gas enters the second catalyst bed 4 radially in the flow channel 5, and the gas entry direction of the first catalyst bed 2 is perpendicular to the gas entry direction of the second catalyst bed 4.

[0023] In this way, when the converter is working, the process gas containing dust enters the converter axially. It first undergoes axial catalytic reaction and dust filtration through catalyst bed 2. After being processed by catalyst bed 2, the process gas enters the flow channel 5 and enters catalyst bed 2 radially from the outer periphery. The gas processed by catalyst bed 4 converges into the gas collection channel 6 for collection and is finally discharged from the furnace body 1.

[0024] Furthermore, both catalyst bed 1 2 and catalyst bed 2 4 are provided with refractory ball layers on both sides of the furnace body 1 in the air inlet direction.

[0025] In this way, the refractory ball layer can optimize the flow of process gas entering the furnace body 1, protect the catalyst, reduce the impact of the airflow, and also intercept and isolate some impurities in the process gas.

[0026] To further improve the uniformity of airflow in catalyst bed 2, a spacer channel layer 3 is provided between catalyst bed 1 and catalyst bed 2.

[0027] In this way, the spacer channel layer 3 can create a space between the catalyst bed 2 and the catalyst bed 4, which allows the incoming gas flow to fill the space evenly and enter the spacer channel layer 3 and the catalyst bed 4 in a more uniform state.

[0028] In the embodiments of this application, the catalyst bed 2 and / or catalyst bed 4 include a support plate 23, a lower refractory ball layer 22, a wire mesh 24, a catalyst filler 25, a wire mesh 26 and an upper refractory ball layer 21 arranged sequentially from bottom to top.

[0029] By configuring the catalyst bed 2 into a structure of sequentially stacked and pressed layers from top to bottom, the state of the packed catalyst filler 25 can be maintained and stabilized, and filling and unloading replacement can be facilitated. Specifically, the support plate 23 adopts a grate plate.

[0030] To facilitate the replacement and unloading of catalyst bed 2, the upper part of the furnace body 1 is provided with a manhole that communicates with the internal cavity, and the manhole can be opened and closed.

[0031] When dust accumulates to a certain level, maintenance personnel only need to enter the furnace through the manhole to replace the catalyst bed 2, avoiding the need to replace the entire furnace catalyst and solving the problems of high material and maintenance costs. Specifically, the manhole is preferably located on the inner wall of the furnace body 1 above the catalyst bed 2.

[0032] In a specific embodiment, the bulk density of the catalyst packing 25 in catalyst bed one 2 is 0.84–0.95 kg / L, and the bulk density of the catalyst packing 25 in catalyst bed two 4 is 0.95–1.30 kg / L. This density configuration allows catalyst bed one 2 to function as a filter layer for dust filtration while simultaneously catalyzing. Preferably, the catalyst is a sulfur-resistant catalyst.

[0033] Specifically, a support structure is provided between catalyst bed 2 and catalyst bed 4. This support structure mainly includes a support frame.

[0034] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model. It should be noted that the above preferred embodiments should not be considered as limitations on this utility model, and the scope of protection of this utility model should be determined by the scope defined in the claims. For those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this utility model, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A converter with a composite bed structure, characterized in that, It includes a furnace body (1), a catalyst bed one (2), a catalyst bed two (4) and a gas collection channel (6). The catalyst bed one (2) and the catalyst bed two (4) are arranged sequentially along the gas inlet direction of the furnace body (1). The catalyst bed one (2) is an axial flow bed structure, and the catalyst bed two (4) is an axial radial flow bed structure. The catalyst bed two (4) is connected to the gas collection channel (6). The particle size of the catalyst packing (25) in catalyst bed one (2) is larger than that of the catalyst packing (25) in catalyst bed two (4), so that the catalyst bed also serves as a filter layer for filtering dust in the gas entering the furnace body (1).

2. The converter with a composite bed structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The catalyst bed 2 (4) and the inner wall of the furnace body (1) form a flow channel (5). Gas enters the catalyst bed 2 (4) radially in the flow channel (5). The gas entry direction of the catalyst bed 1 (2) is perpendicular to the gas entry direction of the catalyst bed 2 (4).

3. A converter with a composite bed structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The catalyst bed one (2) and catalyst bed two (4) are provided with refractory ball layers on both sides of the furnace body (1) in the gas inlet direction.

4. A converter with a composite bed structure as described in claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, The catalyst bed one (2) and / or catalyst bed two (4) include a support plate (23), a lower refractory ball layer (22), a wire mesh one (24), a catalyst filler (25), a wire mesh two (26) and an upper refractory ball layer (21) arranged from bottom to top.

5. A converter with a composite bed structure as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The upper part of the furnace body (1) is provided with a manhole that communicates with the internal cavity, and the manhole can be opened and closed.

6. A converter with a composite bed structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A spacer channel layer (3) is also provided between catalyst bed one (2) and catalyst bed two (4).

7. A converter with a composite bed structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bulk density of the catalyst packing (25) in the first catalyst bed (2) is 0.84 to 0.95 kg / L, and the bulk density of the catalyst packing (25) in the second catalyst bed (4) is 0.95 to 1.30 kg / L.

8. A converter with a composite bed structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A support structure is provided between catalyst bed one (2) and catalyst bed two (4).

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