Laser cladding spray cooling device and additive printing device

Abstract

The application relates to a laser cladding spray cooling device and an additive printing device, which comprises a printing substrate, a laser cladding device, a water-cooled plugboard, a spraying device and a pipeline; the laser cladding device is arranged above the printing substrate, the spraying device is arranged on one side of the printing substrate, the water inlet end of the water-cooled plugboard is connected to an external cooling liquid supply device, the water outlet end is connected with the spraying device through the pipeline, and the water outlet end can also be connected with the water cooling system of the laser cladding device to realize the cooperative utilization of the cooling liquid. The device transports the cooling liquid to the spraying device through the cooling liquid supply device and forms a spray, uniformly sprays and cools the printed middle and low layer area, realizes the interlayer cooling of the upper layer area by relying on the temperature conduction between the layers of the printed part, and can solve the problems of heat accumulation and high interlayer temperature caused by the increase of the deposition height, effectively inhibit the grain coarsening and element segregation, guarantee the microstructure uniformity of the printed part, improve the overall temperature stability, and balance the mechanical properties and production efficiency of the printed part.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of laser cladding, and in particular to a laser cladding spray cooling device and an additive printing device. Background Technology

[0002] In laser cladding additive manufacturing, due to the high energy density and fast scanning speed of the laser, the formed layer undergoes melting, solidification, and cooling cycles in a very short time. As the deposition height increases, heat accumulates continuously in the formed part, which leads to a continuous increase in interlayer temperature. Subsequent layers are formed under conditions higher than the recommended interlayer temperature of the material, resulting in grain coarsening and increased elemental segregation. The imbalance between the temperature gradient and the cooling rate generates large non-uniform thermal stress, causing warping, cracking, and a decrease in forming accuracy.

[0003] Currently, the common solution to the printer quality degradation caused by high interlayer temperatures is natural cooling, with printing pauses or breaks between layers, relying on air convection and substrate heat conduction for heat dissipation. This method requires no additional equipment, but the cooling rate is low, the interlayer waiting time is long, and it cannot match the efficient printing rhythm; moreover, as the height of the parts increases, the heat capacity increases, and the interlayer temperature still tends to rise, and the higher the layer being printed, the longer the cooling time is required, consuming a lot of time. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this application is to provide a laser cladding spray cooling device and an additive printing device that can both maintain printing efficiency and remove accumulated heat between layers.

[0005] The above-mentioned objective of this application is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] A laser cladding spray cooling device includes a printing substrate, a laser cladding device, a water-cooled power strip, a spray device, and a pipe. The laser cladding device is located above the printing substrate, and the spray device is located on one side of the printing substrate. The water inlet of the water-cooled power strip is connected to an external coolant supply device, and the water outlet of the water-cooled power strip is connected to the spray device through the pipe.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, both the spraying device and the water-cooled power strip are fixedly disposed, and the spraying device and the substrate are at a first distance.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the spraying device and the printing substrate are fixedly connected, and the spraying device protrudes above the printing substrate.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the spraying device includes a plurality of spray heads, which are arranged along one side of the printing substrate and connected in series.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the spray nozzle of each spray head is flat.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pipeline is equipped with a throttle valve, and the external coolant supply device is equipped with a solenoid valve.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water outlet of the water-cooled power strip is connected to the water-cooling system within the laser cladding device.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the laser cladding device includes a laser channel and a plurality of wire feeding channels surrounding the laser channel.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the laser cladding device includes a wire feeding channel and a plurality of laser channels surrounding the wire feeding channel.

[0015] An additive printing apparatus includes the water-cooled additive printing apparatus described above, and also includes a housing. The printing substrate, the laser cladding device, the water-cooled power strip, the spraying device, and the pipes are all disposed within the housing.

[0016] In summary, the beneficial technical effects of this application are as follows:

[0017] 1. This application includes a water-cooled power strip, a spray device, and a pipe connecting the two. The water-cooled power strip is connected to an external coolant supply device, which supplies coolant to the spray device to form a spray. The spray is applied to the printed portion to reduce the interlayer temperature, thus solving the problem of continuous heat accumulation and high interlayer temperature caused by increased deposition height. This avoids the drawback of subsequent layers forming at temperatures exceeding the recommended interlayer temperature, effectively suppresses grain coarsening caused by excessively high interlayer temperature, significantly reduces elemental segregation, ensures the uniformity of the microstructure of each layer of the printed part, and improves the overall mechanical properties and chemical composition consistency of the printed part.

[0018] 2. The spraying device of this application achieves uniform spraying of the middle and lower layer printed parts through multiple spray heads, thereby achieving uniform cooling.

[0019] 3. The water outlet of the water-cooled power strip of this application can also be connected to the water-cooling system in the laser cladding device to realize the synergistic use of coolant and further ensure the overall temperature stability of the laser cladding device and the printed parts.

[0020] 4. The spray device used in this application for spray cooling has a cooling rate much higher than that of air convection, which greatly shortens the overall cooling waiting time for printing, ensures a high-efficiency printing rhythm, and improves the overall production efficiency of additive manufacturing. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a laser cladding spray cooling device.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the spray device.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a side view of a laser cladding spray cooling device.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a laser cladding device.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the additive printing device.

[0026] Explanation of reference numerals: 1. Printing substrate; 2. Laser cladding device; 21. Water cooling system pipe; 3. Water cooling power strip; 4. Spray device; 41. Spray head; 411. Spray nozzle; 5. Pipe; 6. Throttling valve; 7. Outer shell; S. Filament. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, this application relates to a laser cladding spray cooling device, including a printing substrate 1, a laser cladding device 2, a water-cooled power strip 3, a spray device 4, and a pipe 5. The printing substrate 1 serves as the core supporting component and is mainly used to support the printed parts formed during the entire laser cladding additive manufacturing process.

[0029] The laser cladding device 2 is positioned directly above or above the printing substrate 1, corresponding to the printing area. This device is used to realize laser cladding additive manufacturing. Its core function is to emit a laser beam and, in conjunction with a corresponding wire feeding or powder feeding mechanism, melt the metal wire S or metal powder to form a cladding layer, which is then deposited layer by layer to form a printed part. In the prior art, the laser cladding device 2 typically includes a laser generator, a laser focusing lens group, a wire feeding channel or a powder feeding channel, etc. Preferably, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the laser cladding device 2 uses a laser wire feeding device, and the wire S is precisely fed to the laser action area to ensure the forming quality of the cladding layer.

[0030] The water-cooled power strip 3 is used for coolant transfer. Its overall structure can adopt the copper or aluminum pipe structure commonly used in the prior art. The pipe has a channel for coolant flow. The water inlet of the water-cooled power strip 3 is connected to an external coolant supply device through a pipeline. In the prior art, the external coolant supply device usually consists of a coolant tank, a circulation pump, and a temperature control module. The coolant tank is used to store coolant, such as ethylene glycol aqueous solution or special industrial coolant. The circulation pump provides power for the flow of coolant. The water outlet of the water-cooled power strip 3 is connected to the spray device 4 through a pipe 5. Its function is to stably deliver coolant to the spray device 4 and provide a cooling medium for spray cooling.

[0031] like Figure 3 As shown, the spray device 4 is installed on one side of the printing substrate 1, specifically along the length of the printing substrate 1, to ensure that its spray range can cover the area on the printing substrate 1 that has been printed. The core function of this device is to atomize the coolant delivered by the water-cooled power strip 3, form a uniform spray, and act on the surface of the printed middle and lower layers of the printed parts.

[0032] Specifically, in the actual operation of this laser cladding spray cooling device, the activation timing of the spray device 4 is not continuous throughout the entire printing process. Instead, it is specifically controlled according to the deposition height of the printed parts. In particular, the spray device 4 is only activated when the printing process progresses to a higher layer. This activation timing is based on the law of heat accumulation during the printing process. In the early stage of printing, the number of printed parts is small and the overall heat capacity is small. The heat generated during the printing process can be initially dispersed through the heat conduction of the printing substrate 1 and natural air convection. At this time, it is not necessary to activate the spray device 4 to maintain the interlayer temperature within a reasonable range. However, when the printing progresses to a higher layer, the deposition height of the printed parts increases significantly. The heat of the formed parts continues to accumulate and cannot be quickly dissipated by traditional methods. The interlayer temperature begins to rise and gradually exceeds the interlayer temperature range recommended by the material. Activating the spray device 4 at this time can accurately address the heat accumulation problem and avoid unnecessary energy consumption and the impact of premature cooling on the bonding force of the cladding layer in the early stage of printing.

[0033] Meanwhile, after the spray device 4 is activated, its spray target is not the high layer area that is currently being printed, but is precisely directed to the middle and low layer areas of the printed part. The middle and low layers here specifically refer to most of the lower layers that have been formed relative to the current printing layer height. For example, when the current printing reaches the 50th layer, the spray device 4 mainly sprays the middle and low layer areas from the 1st to the 30th layer. This selection of the target area is designed based on the temperature conduction characteristics of the printed part. The middle and lower layers are closer to the printing substrate 1, where heat is more easily accumulated. Furthermore, the middle and lower layers and the upper layers form a good heat conduction path through close interlayer contact. The spray device 4 sprays low-temperature atomized coolant evenly onto the surface of the middle and lower layers of the printed part through its preset spray angle and atomization range. The heat exchange between the spray and the middle and lower layers quickly removes the accumulated heat in the middle and lower layers, significantly reducing their temperature. Subsequently, through the heat conduction between adjacent layers within the printed part, the low temperature of the middle and lower layers is gradually transferred upwards to the upper layer to be printed, thereby achieving interlayer cooling during the printing of the upper layer. This prevents the upper layer from forming at temperatures exceeding the recommended temperature and avoids affecting the forming quality of the upper layer cladding layer due to the direct action of the spray on the upper layer, ensuring the accuracy of temperature control and the forming stability of the printed part throughout the entire printing process.

[0034] like Figure 2 As shown, the spray device 4 is equipped with several spray heads 41. These spray heads 41 are not scattered, but arranged linearly along one side of the printing substrate 1. The number and spacing of the spray heads 41 can be determined according to the length or width of the printing substrate 1. For example, when the printing substrate 1 extends along its length, the spray heads 41 are arranged sequentially along the length of the substrate to ensure that the spray range can completely cover the middle and lower layers of the printed substrate 1, avoiding local heat accumulation due to incomplete spray coverage. At the same time, the spray heads 41 are connected in series. In the prior art, this connection structure can be achieved by connecting each spray head 41 sequentially through a connecting pipe, ensuring that the coolant delivered by the water-cooling connector 3 flows smoothly through each spray head 41 sequentially, so that the coolant pressure and flow rate obtained by each spray head 41 are consistent. This avoids the difference in spray intensity caused by uneven liquid supply from a single spray head 41, ensuring a uniform cooling effect on the middle and lower layers of the printed parts.

[0035] Furthermore, the spray nozzle 411 of each spray head 41 is designed to be flat and adopts a rectangular slit design. Compared with the circular spray nozzle 411, it can diffuse the droplets formed by the atomization of coolant into a fan-shaped spray surface, which greatly increases the contact area between the spray and the surface of the middle and lower layer printed parts. This allows for more complete and uniform heat exchange between the droplets and the printed parts, effectively avoiding the problem of localized cooling that may be caused by dot spraying. It further improves the uniformity of temperature distribution of the middle and lower layer printed parts, laying the foundation for achieving uniform cooling of the upper layer through interlayer heat conduction.

[0036] A throttle valve 6 is also installed on the pipe 5 connecting the water-cooled power strip 3 and the spray device 4. This throttle valve 6 can be a needle-type throttle valve 6 or a ball-type throttle valve 6, which are commonly used in the prior art. Its installation position is preferably close to one end of the spray device 4, so as to facilitate the real-time adjustment of the flow rate of coolant entering the spray device 4 according to the actual cooling requirements. After the spray device 4 is started, the throttle valve 6 can be flexibly adjusted in accordance with the working state of the spray device 4. When the temperature of the middle and lower layers of the printed part is high and the cooling effect needs to be enhanced, the opening of the throttle valve 6 can be increased to increase the flow rate of coolant into the spray device 4, thereby increasing the amount of mist sprayed from the spray head 41 and enhancing the cooling intensity. When the temperature of the middle and lower layers drops to the target range and it is necessary to avoid excessive cooling that may affect the interlayer bonding force, the opening of the throttle valve 6 can be reduced to decrease the flow rate of coolant and weaken the spray intensity. Even when the cooling rate needs to be finely adjusted during the printing process, precise control can be achieved through the throttle valve 6. This combination allows the cooling effect of the spray device 4 to be dynamically adjusted according to the actual temperature changes of the printed parts. This ensures that the problem of excessively high interlayer temperature is effectively solved, while avoiding energy waste or print quality fluctuations caused by rigid cooling methods, further improving the adaptability and accuracy of the entire cooling system.

[0037] Preferably, the spraying device 4 can adopt a high-pressure atomization structure or a pneumatic atomization structure. For example, a high-pressure atomizing nozzle can be selected to form fine droplets by applying high pressure to the coolant, or compressed air can be introduced to mix with the coolant and atomize the coolant by airflow. In order to ensure the uniformity of spraying, the number of nozzles of the spraying device 4 can be adjusted according to the size of the printing substrate 1 to ensure that the spray can fully cover the printed area and avoid the problem of uneven local cooling.

[0038] As a transmission component connecting the water-cooled power strip 3 and the spray device 4, the pipe 5 must be made of materials that are resistant to coolant corrosion and have certain high-temperature resistance, such as polytetrafluoroethylene pipes or stainless steel pipes. The inner diameter of the pipe 5 can be designed according to the coolant flow requirements to ensure that the coolant can be smoothly transported from the water-cooled power strip 3 to the spray device 4, while avoiding the cooling effect from blockage or leakage of the pipe 5.

[0039] During the operation of this device, the external coolant supply device first delivers coolant to the water-cooled power strip 3. The coolant circulates inside the water-cooled power strip 3 and then enters the spray device 4 through the pipe 5. The spray device 4 sprays the coolant onto the middle and lower layers of the printed parts that have been printed on the printing substrate 1. The spray exchanges heat with the middle and lower layers of the printed parts, quickly reducing the temperature of the middle and lower layers of the printed parts. Then, through the temperature conduction between adjacent layers inside the printed parts, the low temperature is transferred to the upper layer to be printed area, thereby achieving interlayer cooling during the printing of the upper layer and ultimately achieving the purpose of controlling the temperature of the overall printed parts.

[0040] Example 1: The spray device 4 is fixed to the printing substrate 1, and the laser cladding device 2 moves.

[0041] In this embodiment, the printing substrate 1 is fixed to the additive manufacturing worktable using a conventional positioning structure to ensure no displacement during printing. It is made of a metal material with high temperature resistance and good thermal conductivity, which helps to disperse the initial heat at the bottom of the printed part, providing a foundation for stable temperature in the early stages of printing. The spraying device 4 is arranged along one side of the printing substrate 1 and rigidly connected to the worktable via a bracket, maintaining a fixed relative position with the printing substrate 1 to ensure that the spray range always covers the printed area on the substrate. The spraying device 4 is equipped with several spray heads 41 connected in series. The spray nozzles 411 of each spray head 41 are flat, forming a continuous spray surface to avoid cooling blind spots. The spraying device 4 is connected to the water-cooled power strip 3 via a pipe 5, and a throttle valve 6 is provided on the pipe 5 to regulate the coolant flow rate.

[0042] The water-cooled power strip 3 is also fixed to the side of the workbench, arranged to match the spray device 4. It has an internal coolant flow channel, and an external heat dissipation structure can be configured as needed. The inlet connects to an external coolant supply device to obtain coolant at a stable temperature, and the outlet can branch off to connect to the water cooling system of the laser cladding device 2, enabling coolant recycling. Figure 4 As shown, the laser cladding device 2 is equipped with a water cooling system pipe 21 for connection to the water cooling power strip 3.

[0043] The laser cladding device 2 is mounted on a mobile platform and can move flexibly along the length, width and height of the printing substrate 1 to cover the entire printing area of ​​the substrate. It integrates a laser generator, filament / powder feeding and focusing structure to meet the cladding forming requirements.

[0044] The spray device 4 protrudes above the printing substrate 1. Since both the spray device 4 and the printing substrate 1 are fixed, the spray device 4's proximity to and protrusion from the printing substrate 1 will not cause any obstruction to movement. However, being close to the printing substrate 1 will shorten the spray path. The protruding spray nozzle 411 is closer to the surface of the middle and lower layers of the printed parts. The droplets lose less heat during transmission and can contact the printed parts at a lower temperature, quickly removing the heat accumulated in the middle and lower layers. This allows for a more efficient reduction of the interlayer temperature in the upper printing area through interlayer heat conduction.

[0045] During operation, in the initial stage of printing, due to the small heat capacity of the printed parts, the heat can be dispersed through heat conduction on the substrate and air convection, so the spray device 4 is not activated. When printing reaches higher layers, the heat accumulation causes the interlayer temperature to rise, at which point the spray device 4 is activated. The flow rate of the coolant is adjusted by the throttle valve 6, so that the low-temperature spray from the flat spray nozzle 411 acts on the lower layers of the printed parts, and the upper layers are cooled by interlayer heat conduction. At the same time, the laser cladding device 2 moves with the moving platform according to the preset trajectory, and completes the printing layer by layer. This effectively solves the problems of grain coarsening and element segregation caused by excessive interlayer temperature, shortens the cooling waiting time, and improves printing efficiency and forming quality.

[0046] Example 2: The spray device 4 is fixed to the laser cladding device 2, and the printing substrate 1 moves.

[0047] The printing substrate 1 is mounted on a movable worktable. The worktable moves smoothly by means of a guide rail structure, which can drive the substrate and the printed parts on it to move along a preset path, ensuring that the printing area can pass under the laser cladding device 2 in sequence.

[0048] The laser cladding device 2 is fixed above the moving path of the worktable, and its position corresponds precisely to the moving trajectory of the printing substrate 1. The integrated laser generation, filament / powder feeding and focusing components can form a cladding layer in a designated area during the movement of the substrate, achieving layer-by-layer deposition.

[0049] The spray device 4 remains relatively stationary with the laser cladding device 2, and is fixed to the side of the laser cladding device 2. The spray direction is directed behind the moving direction of the printing substrate 1, so that it can be aimed at the middle and lower layer areas that have been printed on the substrate. The structure of the spray device 4 is the same as that of Embodiment 1, with a series spray head 41 and a flat spray nozzle 411. It is connected to the water-cooled power strip 3 through the pipe 5. The pipe 5 is equipped with a throttle valve 6 to adjust the flow rate. The water-cooled power strip 3 is fixedly installed and connected to an external coolant supply device to obtain low-temperature coolant.

[0050] There is a first distance between the spray device 4 and the printing substrate 1, such as Figure 3 As shown, there is a distance between the spray device 4 and the printing substrate 1 in the left-right direction to avoid the spray device 4 obstructing the travel of the printing substrate 1 during its movement.

[0051] During operation, the printing substrate 1 moves with the worktable, and the laser cladding device 2 performs cladding printing on the designated area on the substrate at a fixed position. When the substrate moves the printed part to a higher layer forming stage and the interlayer temperature rises, the spray device 4 is activated. The low-temperature spray acts on the printed middle and lower layers, reducing the temperature of the upper layer through interlayer heat conduction. Because the substrate moves continuously, the printed area can continuously pass through the spray range, achieving continuous cooling. This avoids the problem of long cooling time in traditional cooling methods for middle and upper layers. At the same time, it adapts to the forming requirements of long-sized printed parts, reduces the travel limitations caused by device movement, and ensures the stability of the printing process and forming accuracy.

[0052] Example 3: The spray device 4 moves, the laser cladding device 2 is fixed, and the printing substrate 1 moves.

[0053] In this embodiment, the printing substrate 1 is mounted on a movable worktable and moves along a preset trajectory with the worktable, providing a continuous printing area for the laser cladding device 2. The laser cladding device 2 is fixed above the worktable's moving path, and its laser action area is precisely matched with the substrate's moving path. The internally integrated cladding components can stably form a cladding layer when the substrate moves, without the need for frequent position adjustments, thus simplifying the device's control logic.

[0054] The spraying device 4 is mounted on an independent moving mechanism, which is linked to the moving system of the printing substrate 1 to ensure that the spraying device 4 can adjust its position synchronously with the movement of the substrate and always be aligned with the middle and lower layer areas on the substrate that have just been printed. The spraying device 4 still adopts the structure of a series spray head 41 and a flat spray nozzle 411, and is connected to a fixed water-cooled power strip 3 through a flexible pipe 5. The flexible pipe 5 can adapt to the movement requirements of the spraying device 4, and the throttle valve 6 on the pipe 5 can adjust the coolant flow rate in real time according to the interlayer temperature. The water-cooled power strip 3 is connected to an external coolant supply device to provide a stable low-temperature coolant for spraying.

[0055] During operation, the printing substrate 1 moves with the worktable, and the laser cladding device 2 prints layer by layer in a fixed position. When printing reaches a higher layer and the interlayer temperature begins to accumulate, the spray device 4 is activated. The spray device 4 moves synchronously with the substrate, accurately spraying low-temperature spray onto the surface of the printed middle and lower layers, achieving cooling of the upper layers through heat conduction. This synchronous movement method can avoid spray coverage deviation caused by substrate movement, ensuring that all areas of the middle and lower layers of the printed part can be cooled uniformly, effectively balancing the temperature gradient and cooling rate, reducing warping and cracking defects caused by non-uniform thermal stress, and adapting to printing requirements with different moving speeds, thus improving the process adaptability of the device.

[0056] Example 4: The spray device 4 moves, the laser cladding device 2 moves, and the printing substrate 1 is fixed.

[0057] This embodiment is based on the fixed printing substrate 1. The substrate is installed on the worktable through a stable positioning structure to ensure that the position remains unchanged throughout the printing process, providing a stable bearing foundation for the forming of the printed parts. It is especially suitable for complex shaped printed parts with high positioning accuracy requirements.

[0058] The laser cladding device 2 is mounted on a high-precision moving platform, which can move flexibly in three dimensions. According to the shape and number of layers of the printed part, it completes the layer-by-layer cladding printing on the fixed substrate according to the preset trajectory. The positioning accuracy of the moving platform can ensure the dimensional accuracy of the cladding layer and the quality of the interlayer bonding.

[0059] The spray device 4 is also mounted on an independent moving mechanism, which is linked to the moving system of the laser cladding device 2. When the laser cladding device 2 moves to print, the spray device 4 can follow its movement rhythm and adjust its position behind the laser cladding device 2, always aiming at the middle and lower layer areas that have been printed on the substrate. The structure of the spray device 4 is the same as that of the aforementioned embodiment, with a series spray head 41 and a flat spray nozzle 411. It is connected to a fixed water-cooled power strip 3 through a flexible pipe 5. The throttle valve 6 on the pipe 5 can adjust the flow rate of the coolant. The water-cooled power strip 3 is connected to an external coolant supply device to ensure a stable supply of low-temperature coolant.

[0060] During operation, the printing substrate 1 remains stationary while the laser cladding device 2 moves along a trajectory to print. When printing reaches a higher layer and the interlayer temperature rises, the spray device 4 is activated. The spray device 4 moves with the laser cladding device 2, uniformly spraying low-temperature mist onto the surface of the middle and lower layers of the printed part, reducing the temperature of the upper layer through interlayer heat conduction. This dual-movement layout can flexibly adapt to the cooling requirements of complex-shaped printed parts. Regardless of whether the printed part has an irregular structure, the spray device 4 can accurately cover the printed middle and lower layer areas, avoiding cooling blind spots. At the same time, the fixed substrate reduces vibration interference that may be caused by substrate movement, further improving printing accuracy. Moreover, the cooling rate is much higher than that of traditional natural cooling, which can match the efficient printing rhythm and balance printing quality and production efficiency.

[0061] In the external coolant supply device of this laser cladding spray cooling device, the solenoid valve is the core component for achieving precise coolant supply control. Its specific configuration and function are as follows: The solenoid valve is directly integrated into the main outlet pipeline of the external coolant supply device. One end is connected to the coolant tank or circulation pump outlet of the supply device through a flange or quick connector, and the other end is connected to the inlet pipeline leading to the water-cooled power strip 3. At the same time, according to the coolant flow requirements, the solenoid valve adopts a two-position two-way structure, and its diameter is matched with the inner diameter of the main outlet pipeline to avoid flow loss or pressure fluctuation caused by diameter mismatch. Moreover, this type of solenoid valve has a fast response speed and can meet the requirements for precise control of coolant supply timing during the cooling process.

[0062] From the perspective of working principle, the solenoid valve is linked with the overall control system of the device. The interlayer temperature monitoring module collects the interlayer temperature data of the printed parts in real time. When the interlayer temperature is detected to be lower than the recommended interlayer temperature threshold of the material, the control system sends a shut-off signal to the solenoid valve. The valve core of the solenoid valve cuts off the main liquid outlet pipeline, and the coolant cannot flow to the water-cooled power strip 3, thus avoiding energy waste caused by the continuous circulation of coolant during the non-cooling stage. When the interlayer temperature is detected to rise to the upper limit of the recommended threshold, the control system immediately sends an open signal. The valve core of the solenoid valve quickly resets, the main liquid outlet pipeline is opened, and the coolant flows into the water-cooled power strip 3 at a stable pressure under the power of the circulating pump, providing a low-temperature medium for the subsequent spray device 4.

[0063] In a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, inside the laser cladding device 2 of this laser cladding spray cooling system, a core channel layout with a single laser channel in the center and multiple wire feeding channels surrounding it is adopted. This structural design can accurately match the process requirements of laser cladding additive manufacturing and ensure a balance between the forming quality of the cladding layer and the printing efficiency.

[0064] The laser channel is located at the center of the laser cladding device 2. It integrates laser transmission and focusing components, whose main function is to stably transmit the laser beam generated by the external laser generator to the printing area. Through a focusing structure, the laser beam is focused onto a designated location on the printing substrate 1 or the pre-formed printed part, forming a high-energy laser action zone that meets the cladding requirements and provides a stable heat source for melting the metal wire S. The axis of the laser channel is aligned with the vertical direction of the printing area, ensuring that the laser beam acts perpendicularly on the printing surface and avoiding uneven energy distribution caused by laser angle deviation.

[0065] Multiple wire feeding channels are arranged around the laser channel, evenly distributed along the circumference of the laser channel, with the axes of each channel inclined towards the central axis of the laser channel. This ensures that the output ends of the wires S from all the wire feeding channels converge at the same position in the laser's active area. The core purpose of this surrounding layout is to ensure that the metal wires S transported by each wire feeding channel arrive at the high-temperature laser region simultaneously, avoiding problems such as untimely melting of the wires S and one-sided accumulation of the cladding layer that may occur with a single wire feeding channel. At the same time, the coordinated wire feeding of multiple channels allows for flexible adjustment of the overall wire feed amount according to printing requirements, ensuring that the thickness and density of the cladding layer meet design requirements. Furthermore, uniform wire feeding further improves the compositional consistency and microstructure uniformity of the cladding layer.

[0066] From the perspective of operational synergy, this channel structure is well-suited to the movement characteristics and spray cooling function of the device. During the movement of the laser cladding device 2, the centrally located laser channel can stably output a focused laser beam, while the surrounding filament feeding channel synchronously transports the filament S. Together, they form a continuous cladding layer along the movement trajectory. Simultaneously, this channel layout ensures that the filament S melts quickly and uniformly under laser action, reducing excessive local heat concentration caused by uneven melting. Combined with the cooling effect of the spray device 4 on the middle and lower layers, the overall temperature distribution of the printed part can be further optimized, alleviating the problem of temperature gradient imbalance. Furthermore, this structure can adapt to the cladding requirements of printed parts of different sizes and shapes without frequent adjustments to the channel position, simplifying the device operation process, improving the stability of the printing process, and providing structural support at the process level for solving problems such as grain coarsening, elemental segregation, and forming defects in the background technology.

[0067] In another preferred embodiment, inside the laser cladding device 2 of this water-cooled additive manufacturing device, a core channel layout with a single wire feeding channel in the center and multiple laser channels surrounding it is adopted. This structural design is optimized for the melting efficiency and heat source uniformity requirements of the wire S, and can work in synergy with the cooling function of the spray device 4 to further solve the problems of temperature imbalance and forming quality in laser cladding.

[0068] The wire feeding channel is located at the center of the laser cladding device 2. It integrates a wire guide and speed stabilization component. Its core function is to precisely deliver the metal wire S along a fixed path to the cladding center point in the printing area. The guide component is made of wear-resistant ceramic material, which reduces frictional loss during wire S delivery and prevents scratches on the wire S surface from affecting the adhesion of the cladding layer. The speed stabilization component is linked with the external wire feeder to ensure a stable wire S delivery speed, preventing uneven cladding layer thickness caused by inconsistent wire feeding speeds. The axis of this wire feeding channel is perpendicularly aligned with the printing area, ensuring that the wire S always accurately reaches the preset cladding position, providing a stable "wire S target point" for subsequent uniform heating by multiple laser channels.

[0069] Multiple laser channels are arranged symmetrically and evenly around the wire feeding channel, with the axes of each laser channel inclined towards the central axis of the wire feeding channel. This ensures that the laser beams output from all channels converge at the cladding center point of the wire material S at the end of the wire feeding channel. The core advantage of this surrounding layout is that multiple laser channels can output laser beams synchronously, forming a uniform annular heat source around the wire material S. This avoids localized overheating or heating blind spots that might occur with a single laser channel. Compared to single-laser heating, multiple lasers surrounding the wire material S allow it to absorb energy uniformly from the circumference, achieving rapid and uniform melting. This reduces oxidation and burn-off of the wire material S due to excessively high local temperatures, or incomplete fusion defects due to insufficient local temperatures. Simultaneously, the laser power of each laser channel can be independently fine-tuned, allowing for flexible adjustment of the circumferential heat source distribution based on the melting point differences of the wire material S, ensuring that wire materials of different materials achieve optimal melting.

[0070] From the perspective of operational synergy, this channel structure is highly compatible with the overall layout of the moving laser cladding device 2 and the fixed spray device 4. When the laser cladding device 2 moves along the preset trajectory, the central filament feeding channel continuously and stably delivers the filament S, while the surrounding multiple laser channels synchronously output converged laser beams, forming a continuous and uniform cladding layer during the movement. Since the multiple lasers surrounding the device can avoid excessive local heat concentration, it can alleviate the problem of a sudden increase in temperature gradient caused by high temperature at a single point. Combined with the cooling effect of the fixed spray device 4 on the lower layers of the printed part, it can further optimize the overall temperature distribution of the printed part and reduce the generation of non-uniform thermal stress. In addition, the design of a single filament feeding channel simplifies the coordination and control of multi-channel filament feeding and reduces the complexity of device operation, while the surrounding layout of multiple laser channels improves the heat source adaptability and can accommodate the cladding requirements of filaments S with different diameters. Ultimately, it provides support for heat source control in solving problems such as grain coarsening, elemental segregation, warping and cracking in the background technology, ensuring the cladding quality and forming stability of the printed part.

[0071] like Figure 5 As shown, this application also protects an additive printing device, including the aforementioned water-cooled additive printing device, and also includes a housing 7. The aforementioned core components related to laser cladding and temperature control are all orderly integrated inside the housing 7 to form a complete closed printing system.

[0072] The outer casing 7 is made of metal with both high strength and high temperature resistance. This not only protects against metal splashes and high-temperature radiation that may occur during the laser cladding process, preventing external environmental interference with the printing process, but also prevents internal laser and high-temperature components from posing safety hazards to operators. An openable protective door can be installed on the outer casing 7 according to operational needs, equipped with a safety interlock device. When the protective door is opened, the laser cladding device 2 automatically cuts off the power to ensure operational safety. At the same time, an observation window can be reserved, using high light transmittance anti-laser radiation glass, which allows operators to observe the printing progress and forming status in real time without opening the outer casing 7, thereby reducing internal environmental fluctuations caused by frequent door openings.

[0073] The embodiments described in this specific implementation are preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A laser cladding spray cooling device, characterized in that, The device includes a printing substrate (1), a laser cladding device (2), a water-cooled power strip (3), a spray device (4), and a pipe (5). The laser cladding device (2) is located above the printing substrate (1), and the spray device (4) is located on one side of the printing substrate (1). The water inlet of the water-cooled power strip (3) is connected to an external coolant supply device, and the water outlet of the water-cooled power strip (3) is connected to the spray device (4) through the pipe (5).

2. The laser cladding spray cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spray device (4) and the water-cooled power strip (3) are both fixedly installed, and there is a first distance between the spray device (4) and the substrate.

3. The laser cladding spray cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spraying device (4) and the printing substrate (1) are fixedly connected, and the spraying device (4) protrudes above the printing substrate (1).

4. The laser cladding spray cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spraying device (4) includes a plurality of spray heads (41), which are arranged along one side of the printing substrate (1) and connected in series.

5. The laser cladding spray cooling device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The spray nozzle (411) of each of the spray heads (41) is flat.

6. The laser cladding spray cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A throttle valve (6) is installed on the pipe (5), and a solenoid valve is installed on the external coolant supply device.

7. The laser cladding spray cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water outlet of the water-cooled power strip (3) is connected to the water-cooling system inside the laser cladding device (2).

8. The laser cladding spray cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laser cladding device (2) includes a laser channel and multiple wire feeding channels surrounding the laser channel.

9. The laser cladding spray cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laser cladding device (2) includes a wire feeding channel and multiple laser channels surrounding the wire feeding channel.

10. An additive printing apparatus, characterized in that, The laser cladding spray cooling device according to any one of claims 1-9 further includes an outer shell (7), wherein the printing substrate (1), the laser cladding device (2), the water-cooled power strip (3), the spray device (4) and the pipe (5) are all disposed inside the outer shell (7).

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