High-precision 3D printer

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of high-precision 3D printers, it includes optical assembly, printing chamber and forming assembly;The forming assembly includes forming cylinder, forming heating assembly, first jacking and printing substrate;The light beam emission end of the optical assembly penetrates into the printing chamber and is towards the printing substrate;The forming heating assembly is located between the output end of the printing substrate and the first jacking, the cylinder wall of the forming cylinder;The printing substrate is located at the output end of the first jacking, and the first jacking drives the printing substrate to lift and move in the forming cylinder to extend into the printing chamber and extend out.The utility model aims at solving the problem that printing powder is easily affected by moisture in the air, resulting in poor printing quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of additive manufacturing technology, and in particular to a high-precision 3D printer. Background Technology

[0002] 3D printing technology is developing rapidly, and laser powder rapid prototyping is a relatively mature method. The process involves a powder-spreading mechanism that evenly spreads a layer of powder onto the surface of a pre-formed part. A laser then heats the powder to its melting point, sintering it and allowing it to adhere to the pre-formed portion underneath. Once one layer is printed, the stage lowers to the thickness of another layer, and the powder-spreading shaft spreads more powder evenly onto the surface of the part, which is then sintered again by laser light until printing is complete. However, the ultrafine printing powder used in 3D printing is susceptible to moisture in the air, leading to clumping and significant variations in print quality. Utility Model Content The purpose of this invention is to propose a high-precision 3D printer, which aims to solve the problem in the prior art that printing powder is easily affected by moisture in the air, resulting in poor printing quality.

[0003] To achieve one or more of the above objectives or other objectives, this utility model proposes a high-precision 3D printer, which includes: an optical component, a printing chamber, and a molding component; the molding component includes a molding cylinder, a molding heating component, a first lifting component, and a printing substrate; The light beam emitting end of the optical component enters the printing chamber and faces the printing substrate; The molding heating assembly is disposed between the printing substrate and the output end of the first lifting member, and the molding heating assembly is also disposed on the cylinder wall of the molding cylinder; The printing substrate is located at the output end of the first lifting member, and the first lifting member drives the printing substrate to move up and down in the molding cylinder to extend into and out of the printing chamber.

[0004] In some embodiments of the high-precision 3D printer of this utility model, the molding assembly further includes a temperature and humidity sensor, an oxygen content sensor, a pressure sensor, and a mechanical pressure relief valve; The temperature and humidity sensor, the oxygen content sensor, the pressure sensor, and the detection end of the mechanical pressure relief valve are all located in the printing chamber.

[0005] In some embodiments of the high-precision 3D printer of this utility model, the molding heating assembly includes a first heating element, a second heating element, and a first water-cooling component; The output ends of the printing substrate, the first heating element, the first water-cooling component and the first lifting component are sequentially attached and arranged, and the first heating element is a fast heating element. The second heating element is disposed on the cylinder wall of the forming cylinder, and the second heating element is a mica sheet type heating element.

[0006] In some embodiments of the high-precision 3D printer of this utility model, the molding heating assembly further includes a first temperature sensor, which is disposed within the first heating element and the second heating element.

[0007] In some embodiments of the high-precision 3D printer of this utility model, the high-precision 3D printer further includes a powder supply assembly; the powder supply assembly includes a powder supply cylinder, a powder heating assembly, a second lifting component, and a powder spreading component; The powder spreading component is located at the output end of the second lifting component. The second lifting component drives the powder spreading component to move up and down in the powder supply cylinder to extend into and out of the printing chamber. The powder spreading component is used to supply powder to the printing substrate. The powder heating component is attached between the powder spreading component and the output end of the second lifting component, and on the cylinder wall of the powder supply cylinder.

[0008] In some embodiments of the high-precision 3D printer of this utility model, the powder heating component includes a third heating element, a fourth heating element, and a second water-cooling component; The output ends of the powder spreading component, the third heating component, the second water cooling component, and the second lifting component are sequentially attached and arranged, and the third heating component is a rapid heating type heating component; The fourth heating element is disposed on the cylinder wall of the powder supply cylinder, and the fourth heating element is a mica sheet type heating element.

[0009] In some embodiments of the high-precision 3D printer of this utility model, the high-precision 3D printer further includes a grating ruler, which is located between the first lifting member and the second lifting member.

[0010] In some embodiments of the high-precision 3D printer of this utility model, the optical components include a laser, a collimating lens, a galvanometer, a flat-field lens, and a protective sheet; The laser, the collimating lens, the galvanometer, and the flat-field lens are connected in sequence, with the flat-field lens penetrating the printing chamber and facing the printing substrate; The protective sheet is placed over the beam emitting end of the flat field lens, and the protective sheet is located between the beam emitting end of the flat field lens and the printing chamber.

[0011] In some embodiments of the high-precision 3D printer of this utility model, the optical component further includes an adjustment component, which is disposed in the printing chamber, and the galvanometer is disposed at the output end of the adjustment component. The adjustment component drives the galvanometer to move up and down to adjust the distance between the flat lens and the printing substrate.

[0012] In some embodiments of the high-precision 3D printer of this utility model, the core diameter of the laser is 10μm. The collimating lens has a focal length greater than or equal to 125mm or a beam expansion factor of 1.2 times or more. The flat-field lens is an F-theta type lens, and the focal length of the flat-field lens is less than or equal to 350mm; the spot size of the laser beam emitted by the laser, after passing through the collimating lens, the galvanometer, and the flat-field lens, falls on the printing substrate at a focal point of less than or equal to 30μm.

[0013] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: The high-precision 3D printer proposed in this invention uses optical components to ensure that the emitted laser spot is of uniform size and energy density on the printing substrate.

[0014] The molding heating component heats the area around the molding cylinder to prevent the printing powder on the printing substrate from being affected by moisture in the air. The first lifting component moves the printing substrate alternately between the printing chamber and the molding cylinder to facilitate layer-by-layer powder spreading and cladding, ultimately completing the printing of the three-dimensional solid component. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] in: Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a high-precision 3D printer from a frontal view in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a top-view structural diagram of a high-precision 3D printer in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at point AA; Figure 4This is a top-view schematic diagram of the combined structure of the printing chamber and molding components of a high-precision 3D printer according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a side view schematic diagram of the combined structure of the optical components and printing chamber of a high-precision 3D printer in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the optical components and printing chamber of a high-precision 3D printer from the rear view in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the optical component structure of a high-precision 3D printer in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 for Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at point BB.

[0017] The image is labeled with: 10. Optical components; 11. Laser; 12. Collimating lens; 13. Galvanometer; 14. Planar lens; 15. Protective plate; 16. Adjustment components; 161. Optical mounting base; 162. Galvanometer mounting base; 20. Printing chamber; 30. Forming assembly; 31. Forming cylinder; 32. Forming heating assembly; 321. First heating element; 322. Second heating element; 323. First water cooling component; 324. First heat insulation plate; 33. First lifting component; 34. Printing substrate; 35. Temperature and humidity sensor; 36. Oxygen content sensor; 37. Pressure sensor; 38. Mechanical pressure relief valve; 40. Powder supply assembly; 41. Powder supply cylinder; 42. Powder heating assembly; 421. Third heating element; 422. Fourth heating element; 423. Second water cooling component; 43. Second lifting component; 44. Powder spreading component; 50. Grating ruler. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0019] Reference Figures 1 to 4 The first embodiment of this utility model proposes a high-precision 3D printer, which includes: an optical component 10, a printing chamber 20 and a molding component 30; the molding component 30 includes a molding cylinder 31, a molding heating component 32, a first lifting component 33 and a printing substrate 34; The light beam emitting end of the optical component 10 enters the printing chamber 20 and faces the printing substrate 34; The molding heating assembly 32 is disposed between the printing substrate 34 and the output end of the first lifting member 33, and on the cylinder wall of the molding cylinder 31; The printing substrate 34 is located at the output end of the first lifting member 33. The first lifting member 33 drives the printing substrate 34 to move up and down in the molding cylinder 31 to extend into and out of the printing chamber 20.

[0020] Specifically, the printing powder used in the high-precision 3D printer is an ultrafine powder.

[0021] In this embodiment, the laser 11 emits a laser beam; the collimating lens 12 is used to collimate the diverging laser beam into parallel light; the galvanometer 13 is used to control the direction of the laser beam on the two-dimensional plane; and the flat-field lens 14 is used to focus the parallel light beams reflected by the galvanometer 13 at different angles onto a flat focal plane and form a uniformly sized light spot.

[0022] The printing process of the high-precision 3D printer of this invention is as follows: S1. Preparations before printing: S11. Close the printing chamber 20, adjust the gas environment inside the printing chamber 20, and complete the device initialization.

[0023] S12. Start the molding heating component 32 to heat the molding cylinder 31 and the printing substrate 34, slowly and accurately raise the temperature to the preheating temperature required by the material process, and keep the temperature stable; calibrate the setting parameters of the structure of the optical component 10, such as the laser 11, collimating lens 12, galvanometer 13 and plane lens 14, to ensure that the laser focus falls accurately on the powder laying plane.

[0024] S13. Import the data after slicing the 3D model into the control system so that the control system can adjust the parameters of the optical component 10, printing chamber 20 and molding component 30 according to the data.

[0025] S2, Print layer by layer in a loop: S21. A layer of metal powder is evenly laid on the printing substrate 34 or the printed part layer that is recessed by a layer thickness distance by the powder supply system.

[0026] S22. The control system, based on the slice data of the current layer, controls the galvanometer 13 to drive the laser beam to move along a predetermined path. The laser 11 emits light, which passes through the collimating lens 12 and the galvanometer 13, and is then focused by the flat-field lens 14 to selectively scan and irradiate the powder layer. The preheated powder being irradiated melts instantly.

[0027] S3. Post-printing processing: S31. After printing is completed, the part is placed in the printing chamber 20 and the printing substrate 34 is preheated under the control of the forming heating component 32. The preheating temperature of the printing substrate 34 can reach 300°. The preheating of the printing substrate 34 can provide a tempering effect for the periodic thermal cycle generated by the layer-by-layer printing of the workpiece, effectively alleviate the concentration of thermal stress, and reduce the occurrence of deformation, cracking and uneven performance of the printed workpiece.

[0028] S32. After the temperature drops to a safe range, open the printing chamber 20 and remove the entire molding cylinder 31 or lift the substrate back to its original position using the first lifting member 33.

[0029] S33. Separate the printed part from the printing substrate 34 by wire cutting or other means, and remove the unmelted powder surrounding the part.

[0030] S34. Depending on the requirements, perform heat treatment (hot isostatic pressing, aging, etc.), surface treatment (sandblasting, polishing), or machining on the parts to meet the final use requirements.

[0031] The collimating lens 12 is positioned between the laser 11 and the galvanometer 13, serving two purposes: 1. Protecting Galvanometer 13: If the beam is divergent, the energy is highest at the center and lower at the edges. When the beam strikes different locations on the galvanometer 13 at different angles, it can cause uneven heating in different areas of the galvanometer 13, potentially leading to a thermal lensing effect or even damaging the coating of the galvanometer 13.

[0032] 2. Ensure beam quality: Only when parallel light is incident on the galvanometer 13 can the beam exiting the galvanometer 13 enter the subsequent flat-field lens 14 in the same state at any deflection angle, thus achieving uniform beam size throughout the scanning field.

[0033] Specifically, the galvanometer 13 is a beam deflector, typically composed of two high-speed vibrating mirrors (X-axis and Y-axis mirrors). The deflection angles of the two mirrors are controlled by a computer to control the direction of the laser beam in a two-dimensional plane.

[0034] In some embodiments of the high-precision 3D printer of this utility model, reference is made to Figure 4 The molding component 30 also includes a temperature and humidity sensor 35, an oxygen content sensor 36, a pressure sensor 37, and a mechanical pressure relief valve 38. The detection ends of the temperature and humidity sensor 35, the oxygen content sensor 36, the pressure sensor 37, and the mechanical pressure relief valve 38 are all located inside the printing chamber 20.

[0035] In this embodiment, a temperature and humidity sensor 35 is used to monitor the temperature and humidity information inside the printing chamber 20 in real time to ensure that the humidity of the printing chamber 20 and the surface of the printing powder does not exceed the standard; an oxygen content sensor 36 is used to monitor the oxygen content information inside the printing chamber 20 in real time to ensure that the oxygen content inside the printing chamber 20 does not exceed the standard, thus ensuring the printing quality of the printed workpiece; a mechanical pressure relief valve 38 and a pressure sensor 37 are used to ensure that the pressure inside the printing chamber 20 does not exceed the safe pressure.

[0036] In some embodiments of the high-precision 3D printer of this utility model, reference is made to Figure 3 The molding heating assembly 32 includes a first heating element 321, a second heating element 322, and a first water-cooling component 323; The output ends of the printing substrate 34, the first heating element 321, the first water-cooling component 323 and the first lifting component 33 are sequentially attached and arranged, and the first heating element 321 is a fast heating element. The second heating element 322 is disposed on the cylinder wall of the forming cylinder 31, and the second heating element 322 is a mica sheet type heating element.

[0037] In this embodiment, the first heating element 321 and the second heating element 322 effectively reduce the moisture content in the printing powder, keeping the ultrafine printing powder dry and ensuring uniform powder distribution, thereby resulting in high surface precision of the 3D printed part. Simultaneously, the first water-cooling component 323 reduces the impact of the first heating element 321 on the precision of the first lifting element 33 when heating the printing powder, thus ensuring the lifting accuracy of the first lifting element 33.

[0038] Specifically, the lead screw of the first lifting component 33 is a grinding-grade lifting lead screw with a lead of less than 5mm, the motor of the first lifting component 33 is a servo motor, and the reducer of the first lifting component 33 adopts a high-precision reducer with zero backlash, thereby improving the lifting accuracy of the first lifting component 33.

[0039] The first heating element 321 is a rapid heating element, specifically a metal tube heating element, which enables the first heating element 321 to achieve rapid heating.

[0040] By using a mica sheet type heating element as the second heating element 322, the second heating element 322 can achieve functions such as safe heat conduction, current isolation, and uniform heating, effectively reducing the risk of electric shock to operators and improving the safety of equipment use.

[0041] The first water-cooled component 323 includes a water-cooled plate and a chilled water supply unit. The water-cooled plate of the first water-cooled component 323 is attached between the first heating element 321 and the first lifting element 33. The inlet and outlet water channels of the water-cooled plate are connected to the chilled water supply unit.

[0042] Furthermore, the molding heating assembly 32 also includes a first heat insulation plate 324, which is attached between the output end of the first water-cooling component 323 and the first lifting component 33, further preventing the first heating component 321 from affecting the accuracy of the first lifting component 33.

[0043] In some embodiments of the high-precision 3D printer of this utility model, the molding heating assembly 32 further includes a first temperature sensor, which is disposed within the first heating element 321 and the second heating element 322.

[0044] In this embodiment, the heating temperature of the first heating element 321 and the second heating element 322 is detected in real time using a first temperature sensor. The first heating element 321 is used to preheat the printing substrate 34. The preheating temperature of the printing substrate 34 can reach 300°C. The preheating of the printing substrate 34 can provide a tempering effect for the periodic thermal cycle generated by the layer-by-layer printing of the workpiece, effectively alleviate the concentration of thermal stress, and reduce the occurrence of deformation, cracking and uneven performance of the printed workpiece.

[0045] In some embodiments of the high-precision 3D printer of this utility model, reference is made to Figure 3 The high-precision 3D printer also includes a powder supply assembly 40; the powder supply assembly 40 includes a powder supply cylinder 41, a powder heating assembly 42, a second lifting component 43, and a powder spreading component 44; The powder spreading component 44 is located at the output end of the second lifting component 43. The second lifting component 43 drives the powder spreading component 44 to move up and down in the powder supply cylinder 41 to extend into and out of the printing chamber 20. The powder spreading component 44 is used to supply powder to the printing substrate 34. The powder heating component 42 is attached between the powder spreading component 44 and the output end of the second lifting component 43, and on the cylinder wall of the powder supply cylinder 41.

[0046] In this embodiment, the powder heating assembly 42 heats the printing powder in the powder supply cylinder 41, and the powder spreading member 44 obtains the printing powder in the powder supply cylinder 41. Then, the second lifting member 43 drives the powder spreading member 44 to extend into the printing chamber 20 to supply powder to the printing substrate 34. When the powder heating assembly 42 heats the printing powder in the powder supply cylinder 41 to 80 degrees, the operator opens the door of the printing chamber 20 to add powder, reducing the chance of the printing powder getting damp.

[0047] In some embodiments of the high-precision 3D printer of this utility model, reference is made to Figure 3 The powder heating assembly 42 includes a third heating element 421, a fourth heating element 422, and a second water-cooling component 423; The output ends of the powder spreading component 44, the third heating component 421, the second water cooling component 423 and the second lifting component 43 are sequentially attached and arranged, and the third heating component 421 is a fast heating type heating component; The fourth heating element 422 is disposed on the cylinder wall of the powder supply cylinder 41, and the fourth heating element 422 is a mica sheet type heating element.

[0048] In this embodiment, the third heating element 421 and the fourth heating element 422 effectively reduce the moisture content in the printing powder, keeping the ultrafine printing powder dry and ensuring uniform powder distribution, thereby resulting in high surface precision of the 3D printed part. Simultaneously, the second water-cooling component 423 reduces the impact of the third heating element 421 on the precision of the second lifting element 43 when heating the printing powder, thus ensuring the lifting accuracy of the second lifting element 43.

[0049] Specifically, the lead screw of the second lifting component 43 is a grinding-grade lifting lead screw with a lead of less than 5mm, the motor of the second lifting component 43 is a servo motor, and the reducer of the second lifting component 43 adopts a high-precision reducer with zero backlash, thereby improving the lifting accuracy of the second lifting component 43.

[0050] The third heating element 421 is a rapid heating element, specifically a metal tube heating element, which enables the third heating element 421 to achieve rapid heating.

[0051] By using a mica sheet type heating element as the fourth heating element 422, the fourth heating element 422 can achieve functions such as safe heat conduction, current isolation, and uniform heating, effectively reducing the risk of electric shock to operators and improving the safety of equipment use.

[0052] The second water-cooled component 423 also includes a water-cooled plate and a chilled water supply unit. The water-cooled plate of the second water-cooled component 423 is attached between the second heating element 322 and the second lifting element 43. The inlet and outlet water channels of the water-cooled plate are connected to the chilled water supply unit.

[0053] Furthermore, the powder heating assembly 42 also includes a second heat insulation plate, which is attached between the output ends of the second water cooling component 423 and the second lifting component 43, to further prevent the third heating component 421 from affecting the accuracy of the second lifting component 43.

[0054] In some embodiments of the high-precision 3D printer of this utility model, the powder heating assembly 42 further includes a second temperature sensor, which is disposed within the third heating element 421 and the fourth heating element 422.

[0055] In this embodiment, the heating temperatures of the third heating element 421 and the fourth heating element 422 are detected in real time using a second temperature sensor. The third heating element 421 is used to preheat the powder spreading part 44, and the fourth heating element 422 is used to preheat the printing powder in the powder supply cylinder 41. This ensures that the temperature of the printing powder on the powder spreading part 44 is always maintained at 80°C, increasing the fluidity of the printing powder, making the powder spreading more uniform, which helps to reduce the stress of the 3D printed part and improve the accuracy of the 3D printed part.

[0056] In some embodiments of the high-precision 3D printer of this utility model, reference is made to Figure 3 The high-precision 3D printer also includes a grating ruler 50, which is located between the first lifting member 33 and the second lifting member 43.

[0057] In this embodiment, the grating ruler 50 is used to detect the current lifting position information of the first lifting member 33 and the second lifting member 43 in real time, and feeds it back to the servo motors of the first lifting member 33 and the second lifting member 43 accordingly, so that the full stroke accuracy of the first lifting member 33 and the second lifting member 43 reaches 0.05mm.

[0058] In some embodiments of the high-precision 3D printer of this utility model, reference is made to Figure 7 and Figure 8 The optical assembly 10 includes a laser 11, a collimating lens 12, a galvanometer 13, a flat-field lens 14, and a protective sheet 15; The laser 11, the collimating lens 12, the galvanometer 13 and the flat field lens 14 are connected in sequence, and the flat field lens 14 penetrates the printing chamber 20 and faces the printing substrate 34. The protective sheet 15 is disposed over the beam emitting end of the flat field lens 14, and the protective sheet 15 is located between the beam emitting end of the flat field lens 14 and the printing chamber 20.

[0059] In this embodiment, the protective sheet 15 is used to prevent gas and printing dust in the printing chamber 20 from entering the optical component 10, thereby protecting the optical component 10.

[0060] In some embodiments of the high-precision 3D printer of this utility model, reference is made to Figure 5 and Figure 6 The optical component 10 further includes an adjustment component 16, which is disposed in the printing chamber 20. The galvanometer 13 is disposed at the output end of the adjustment component 16. The adjustment component 16 drives the galvanometer 13 to move up and down to adjust the distance between the flat lens 14 and the printing substrate 34.

[0061] In this embodiment, the adjusting component 16 drives the galvanometer 13 to move up and down, thereby achieving the distance between the flat field lens 14 and the printing substrate 34 to match the working distance of the field lens. This minimizes the energy concentration of the light spot at the printing surface, which is beneficial for improving the surface quality and strength of the printed workpiece and reducing porosity.

[0062] In some embodiments of the high-precision 3D printer of this utility model, reference is made to Figure 6 The adjustment component 16 includes an optical mounting base 161, a galvanometer mounting base 162, and an adjustment screw. The optical mounting base 161 is located on the outer wall of the printing chamber 20. The optical mounting base 161 is provided with an adjustment screw hole. The adjustment screw passes through the galvanometer mounting base 162 and the adjustment screw hole. By adjusting the height of the adjustment screw in the adjustment screw hole, the height of the galvanometer 13 relative to the printing chamber 20 is adjusted, that is, the distance between the flat field lens 14 and the printing substrate 34 is adjusted.

[0063] In some embodiments of the high-precision 3D printer of this utility model, the core diameter of the laser 11 is 10 μm. The collimating lens 12 has a focal length greater than or equal to 125mm or a beam expansion factor of 1.2 times or more. The flat-field lens 14 is an F-theta type lens, and the focal length of the flat-field lens 14 is less than or equal to 350mm; the beam emitted by the laser 11 passes through the collimating lens 12, the galvanometer 13 and the flat-field lens 14 and lands on the printing substrate 34 at a focal point with a spot size of less than or equal to 30μm.

[0064] In this embodiment, the core diameter of the laser 11 facilitates the formation of a small focal spot, allowing the laser energy to be concentrated in a very small area. This enables the high-precision 3D printer to melt finer powder particles and print parts with thinner walls and more refined features (such as microchannels, fine meshes, and sharp edges), greatly improving the ultimate manufacturing precision and surface detail reproduction of the parts.

[0065] The collimating lens 12 effectively reduces the beam divergence angle and provides a more parallel beam for subsequent optical paths. This ensures that the beam is focused with minimal aberrations when passing through the galvanometer 13 and the F-theta flat lens 14, resulting not only in a small spot size but also in a high-quality spot with uniform energy distribution and a regular shape. This guarantees a stable molten pool and a dense, defect-free printed part.

[0066] The flat-field lens 14 provides higher optical resolution and a smaller spot size while satisfying a sufficient scanning range, thus meeting the requirements of high-precision printing.

[0067] In summary, because the optical component 10 emits a smaller, higher-quality light spot, the high-precision 3D printer can employ a more optimized scanning strategy when scanning equally detailed graphics. This facilitates a potential increase in printing efficiency without sacrificing accuracy. Simultaneously, the uniform energy distribution and small light spot improve the controllability of the molten pool, effectively reducing spatter and spheroidization, thereby achieving smoother sidewall surfaces and a higher surface quality.

[0068] The above-disclosed embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present utility model and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present utility model. Therefore, any equivalent variations made in accordance with the claims of the present utility model shall still fall within the scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A high-precision 3D printer, characterized in that, It includes optical components, a printing chamber, and a molding assembly; the molding assembly includes a molding cylinder, a molding heating assembly, a first lifting member, and a printing substrate; The light beam emitting end of the optical component enters the printing chamber and faces the printing substrate; The molding heating assembly is disposed between the printing substrate and the output end of the first lifting member, and the molding heating assembly is also disposed on the cylinder wall of the molding cylinder; The printing substrate is located at the output end of the first lifting member, and the first lifting member drives the printing substrate to move up and down in the molding cylinder to extend into and out of the printing chamber.

2. The high-precision 3D printer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The molding assembly also includes a temperature and humidity sensor, an oxygen content sensor, a pressure sensor, and a mechanical pressure relief valve; The temperature and humidity sensor, the oxygen content sensor, the pressure sensor, and the detection end of the mechanical pressure relief valve are all located in the printing chamber.

3. The high-precision 3D printer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The molding heating assembly includes a first heating element, a second heating element, and a first water-cooling component; The output ends of the printing substrate, the first heating element, the first water-cooling component and the first lifting component are sequentially attached and arranged, and the first heating element is a fast heating element. The second heating element is disposed on the cylinder wall of the forming cylinder, and the second heating element is a mica sheet type heating element.

4. The high-precision 3D printer according to claim 3, characterized in that, The molding heating assembly further includes a first temperature sensor, which is disposed within the first heating element and the second heating element.

5. The high-precision 3D printer according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The high-precision 3D printer also includes a powder supply assembly; the powder supply assembly includes a powder supply cylinder, a powder heating assembly, a second lifting component, and a powder spreading component; The powder spreading component is located at the output end of the second lifting component. The second lifting component drives the powder spreading component to move up and down in the powder supply cylinder to extend into and out of the printing chamber. The powder spreading component is used to supply powder to the printing substrate. The powder heating component is attached between the powder spreading component and the output end of the second lifting component, and on the cylinder wall of the powder supply cylinder.

6. The high-precision 3D printer according to claim 5, characterized in that, The powder heating assembly includes a third heating element, a fourth heating element, and a second water-cooling component; The output ends of the powder spreading component, the third heating component, the second water cooling component, and the second lifting component are sequentially attached and arranged, and the third heating component is a rapid heating type heating component; The fourth heating element is disposed on the cylinder wall of the powder supply cylinder, and the fourth heating element is a mica sheet type heating element.

7. The high-precision 3D printer according to claim 5, characterized in that, The high-precision 3D printer also includes a grating ruler, which is located between the first lifting member and the second lifting member.

8. The high-precision 3D printer according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The optical components include a laser, a collimating lens, a galvanometer, a planar lens, and a protective film; The laser, the collimating lens, the galvanometer, and the flat-field lens are connected in sequence, with the flat-field lens penetrating the printing chamber and facing the printing substrate; The protective sheet is placed over the beam emitting end of the flat field lens, and the protective sheet is located between the beam emitting end of the flat field lens and the printing chamber.

9. The high-precision 3D printer according to claim 8, characterized in that, The optical assembly also includes an adjustment component located in the printing chamber. The galvanometer is located at the output end of the adjustment component. The adjustment component drives the galvanometer to move up and down to adjust the distance between the flat lens and the printing substrate.

10. The high-precision 3D printer according to claim 8, characterized in that, The laser has a core diameter of 10 μm. The collimating lens has a focal length greater than or equal to 125mm or a beam expansion factor of 1.2 times or more. The flat-field lens is an F-theta type lens, and the focal length of the flat-field lens is less than or equal to 350mm; the spot size of the laser beam emitted by the laser, after passing through the collimating lens, the galvanometer, and the flat-field lens, falls on the printing substrate at a focal point of less than or equal to 30μm.

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