High-precision three-jaw manual chuck

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of high-precision three-jaw manual chuck, belong to machining fixture technical field, including chuck body, driving assembly and dog, chuck body is equipped with the uniformly distributed I-shaped slot, dog can slide along the length direction of I-shaped slot;Driving assembly includes meshing transmission bevel gear and disc silk, disc silk rotation is set in chuck body, dog is engaged in disc silk, annular lubricating cavity is equipped in chuck body, annular lubricating cavity is around disc silk setting, and it is communicated with the oil injection nozzle of being equipped in the outer wall of chuck body by radial oil injection passage, I-shaped slot both sides are equipped with detachable composite guide strip, chuck body rear end is equipped with dynamic balance adjusting ring, and the adjusting ring is equipped with multiple radial adjustment counterweight on it.The utility model passes through integration lubrication, guiding and balance adjusting system, significantly improves the precision retention of chuck under high speed, high load working condition, service life and operating stability, especially suitable for precision numerical control machine tool and high-speed lathe.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of machining fixture technology, and more specifically, to a high-precision three-jaw manual chuck. Background Technology

[0002] Three-jaw manual chucks are among the most widely used general-purpose fixtures on machine tools. They use manual rotation of bevel gears to drive the screw thread, which in turn moves the three jaws radially in sync to clamp and release the workpiece. The accuracy and stability of existing high-precision manual chucks mainly depend on the high-precision machining of the screw thread and jaws, as well as the precise fit between the I-beam groove and the jaws.

[0003] However, under high-speed, heavy-cutting, or long-term continuous machining conditions, existing structures reveal some inherent defects: First, lubrication of the threaded screw and bevel gear meshing pair, as well as the chuck and I-beam sliding pair, relies mainly on initial application of grease. This makes it difficult to maintain a long-term effective lubrication film under high-speed centrifugal force, leading to increased wear and temperature rise, which in turn affects positioning accuracy and clamping rigidity. Second, the traditional integral I-beam and chuck directly slide and rub against each other, making repair difficult after wear and often requiring replacement of the entire chuck body, resulting in high maintenance costs. Furthermore, when the chuck rotates at high speed, minor imbalances caused by uneven mass distribution or wear of components can cause machine tool vibration, affecting the surface finish and tool life. In addition, metal chips generated during machining easily penetrate the sliding gap between the I-beam and chuck, causing abrasive wear and accelerating accuracy loss.

[0004] Therefore, developing a high-precision manual chuck that can achieve long-term lubrication, is easy to maintain, has dynamic balance adjustment, and effectively prevents chips is of great significance for improving the machining performance and reliability of high-end CNC machine tools. Utility Model Content

[0005] To overcome the above shortcomings, this utility model provides a high-precision three-jaw manual chuck, which aims to improve the problem of low accuracy under high speed, heavy cutting or long-term continuous machining conditions.

[0006] This utility model is implemented as follows: This utility model provides a high-precision three-jaw manual chuck, including a chuck body, a drive assembly, and jaws. The chuck body has evenly distributed I-shaped grooves, and the jaws can slide along the length direction of the I-shaped grooves. The drive assembly includes a bevel gear and a coiled wire for meshing transmission. The coiled wire is rotatably disposed in the chuck body, and the jaws mesh with the coiled wire.

[0007] The chuck body is provided with an annular lubrication cavity, which surrounds the coil wire and is connected to an oil injection nozzle located on the outer wall of the chuck body through a radial oil injection channel.

[0008] The I-beam groove is provided with detachable composite guide strips on both sides. The composite guide strips include a hard alloy substrate and a PTFE wear-resistant layer on the surface.

[0009] The rear end of the chuck body is provided with a dynamic balance adjustment ring, which is equipped with multiple radially adjustable counterweights.

[0010] In one embodiment of this utility model, the end of the bevel gear away from the coil wire extends to the edge of the chuck body so as to be driven by an external force.

[0011] In one embodiment of this utility model, the annular lubrication cavity extends spirally along the axial direction of the coil and communicates with the meshing area of ​​the bevel gear.

[0012] In one embodiment of this utility model, the composite guide strip is locked and fixed inside the I-beam groove.

[0013] In one embodiment of this utility model, the dynamic balance adjustment ring is threaded to the rear end of the chuck body, and the counterweight is radially adjusted by a fine-tuning screw.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0015] 1. Long-lasting and precise lubrication: The closed lubrication system, consisting of an annular lubrication chamber and a one-way valve grease nipple on the chuck body, can store a sufficient amount of grease. During high-speed rotation, centrifugal force is used to continuously and evenly deliver the grease to key friction pairs such as the tooth surface of the screw and the meshing area of ​​the bevel gear through the spiral groove. Combined with the oil storage micro-pits on the chuck claws, a long-lasting oil film is formed, which greatly reduces wear and heat generation.

[0016] 2. High-precision, easy-to-maintain guide: A detachable composite guide bar (carbide + PTFE) replaces the direct contact between the jaws and the chuck body, ensuring high rigidity and wear resistance while reducing the coefficient of friction. The wedge-shaped locking structure ensures gapless installation of the guide bar, improving system rigidity. When the guide surface wears, only the guide bar needs to be replaced, without scrapping the entire chuck body, resulting in low maintenance costs and rapid restoration of accuracy.

[0017] 3. Dynamically Adjustable Balance: The rear-mounted dynamic balance adjustment ring and adjustable counterweight design allow for on-site fine balancing correction after chuck assembly or when wear causes imbalance after a period of use. This effectively suppresses vibration during high-speed rotation, thereby improving machining quality and protecting the machine tool spindle bearings.

[0018] 4. Enhanced Overall Performance: The coordinated operation of the aforementioned systems makes this chuck particularly suitable for high-speed CNC lathes, precision machining centers, and similar applications. While ensuring high clamping accuracy, it significantly extends service life and maintenance cycles, thereby improving the overall machining efficiency and reliability of the machine tool. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this utility model and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of a high-precision three-jaw manual chuck provided by an embodiment of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 A top view of a high-precision three-jaw manual chuck provided for an embodiment of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the bevel gear and positioning screw in a high-precision three-jaw manual chuck provided for an embodiment of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the jaws and disc body in a high-precision three-jaw manual chuck provided for an embodiment of this utility model;

[0024] Figure 5 In this utility model Figure 4 Enlarged view of point A.

[0025] In the diagram: 100-Chuck body; 110-Chuck jaw; 120-I-shaped groove; 200-Drive assembly; 210-Bevel gear; 220-Threaded screw; 310-Annular lubrication chamber; 320-Oil injection channel; 400-Composite guide bar; 410-Hard alloy substrate; 420-Wear-resistant layer; 500-Adjusting ring; 510-Counterweight; 511-Fine-tuning screw. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0027] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0029] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0030] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0031] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0032] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0033] Example

[0034] Please see Figures 1-4 This utility model provides a technical solution: a high-precision three-jaw manual chuck, including a chuck body 100, a drive assembly 200, and jaws 110. The chuck body 100 has evenly distributed I-shaped grooves 120, and the jaws 110 can slide along the length of the I-shaped grooves 120. The drive assembly 200 includes a bevel gear 210 and a coiled wire 220 for meshing transmission. The end of the bevel gear 210 away from the coiled wire 220 extends to the edge of the chuck body 100 for external force to drive it. The coiled wire 220 is rotatably disposed within the chuck body 100, and the jaws 110 mesh with the coiled wire 220. Specifically, the chuck body 100 has a disc-shaped structure with three I-shaped grooves 120 evenly distributed radially on its end face, and three corresponding jaws are also provided. The bottoms of the three jaws 110 mesh with the planar threads of the coiled wire 220. The bevel gear 210 is connected to an external wrench square hole, and its teeth mesh with the external gear ring at the end of the coiled wire 220. When the bevel gear 210 is rotated, the drive coil 220 rotates, thereby driving the three jaws 110 to move synchronously radially along their respective I-shaped grooves 120, realizing the clamping or loosening action.

[0035] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5The chuck body 100 has an annular lubrication cavity 310, which surrounds the coil 220 and communicates with an oil injection nozzle located on the outer wall of the chuck body 100 through a radial oil injection channel 320. The annular lubrication cavity 310 extends spirally along the axial direction of the coil 220 and communicates with the meshing area of ​​the bevel gear 210. Specifically, in this embodiment, the oil injection nozzle on the chuck body 100 preferably adopts a one-way valve structure, which allows grease to be injected from the outside, but prevents the internal grease from flowing back under pressure or centrifugal force and the entry of external contaminants. During assembly, high-quality grease is filled into the annular lubrication cavity 310 through the oil injection nozzle. When the chuck rotates at high speed, the grease is transported to key parts such as the tooth surface of the coil 220 and the meshing area of ​​the bevel gear 210 under the action of centrifugal force. In addition, the sliding side of the jaw 110 in contact with the composite guide bar 400 is used to store and replenish grease, forming an auxiliary lubrication point.

[0036] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 The I-beam groove 120 has detachable composite guide strips 400 on both sides, which are locked and fixed within the I-beam groove 120. Each composite guide strip 400 includes a hard alloy substrate 410 and a PTFE wear-resistant layer 420 on its surface. Specifically, traditionally, the chuck 110 slides directly on the steel groove wall of the I-beam groove 120. This invention innovates by installing detachable composite guide strips 400 on both side walls of each I-beam groove 120. These composite guide strips 400 are composed of two parts: a high-hardness, high-wear-resistant hard alloy substrate 410, which contacts the chuck body 100; and a PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) wear-resistant layer 420 sintered or bonded to the working surface, which contacts the chuck 110. The PTFE layer has an extremely low coefficient of friction and self-lubricating properties.

[0037] Please see Figure 1A dynamic balance adjustment ring 500 is provided at the rear end of the chuck body 100. This adjustment ring 500 has multiple radially adjustable counterweights 510. The dynamic balance adjustment ring 500 is threadedly connected to the rear end of the chuck body 100, and the counterweights 510 are radially adjusted using fine-tuning screws 511. Specifically, a dynamic balance adjustment ring 500 is threadedly installed at the rear end of the chuck body 100 (near the machine tool spindle end). This adjustment ring 500 is a flanged ring. Multiple radially threaded holes are evenly distributed along its circumferential end face, and a counterweight 510 is installed in each hole. The counterweights 510 are fastened using fine-tuning screws 511. The screw depth of the fine-tuning screws 511 adjusts the radial extension of the counterweights 510. When the chuck vibrates during high-speed rotation on the machine tool, the phase and magnitude of the imbalance can be detected by a dynamic balancing instrument. Then, by adjusting one or more fine-tuning screws 511 at the corresponding positions, the radial position of the counterweight 510 can be changed (i.e., the centrifugal force it generates can be changed), thereby achieving fine dynamic balance correction of the chuck assembly.

[0038] Specifically, the working principle of this high-precision three-jaw manual chuck is as follows: During assembly, after all components are installed, grease is added through the grease fitting. The chuck body 100 is installed onto the machine tool spindle, and fine balancing is performed using a dynamic balancing instrument and dynamic balancing adjustment ring 500 if necessary. When it is necessary to clamp the workpiece, the bevel gear 210 is turned with a wrench, driving the screw thread 220 to rotate, which in turn drives the jaws 110 to slide smoothly inward along the PTFE wear-resistant layer 420 of the composite guide bar 400 until the workpiece is clamped. Throughout the process, the lubrication system continuously supplies oil to the friction pair, ensuring smooth operation and accurate positioning. After long-term use, if the guide bar wears, it can be easily replaced; if the grease is consumed, it can be replenished through the grease fitting.

[0039] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A high-precision three-jaw manual chuck, comprising a chuck body (100), a drive assembly (200), and jaws (110), wherein the chuck body (100) has uniformly distributed I-shaped slots (120), and the jaws (110) are slidable along the length direction of the I-shaped slots (120); the drive assembly (200) includes a bevel gear (210) and a coiled wire (220) for meshing transmission, the coiled wire (220) being rotatably disposed within the chuck body (100), and the jaws (110) meshing with the coiled wire (220), characterized in that: The chuck body (100) is provided with an annular lubrication cavity (310), which surrounds the coil wire (220) and is connected to the oil injection nozzle provided on the outer wall of the chuck body (100) through a radial oil injection channel (320). The I-shaped groove (120) is provided with detachable composite guide strips (400) on both sides. The composite guide strip (400) includes a hard alloy substrate (410) and a PTFE wear-resistant layer (420) on its surface. The chuck body (100) has a dynamic balance adjustment ring (500) at its rear end, and the adjustment ring (500) has multiple radially adjustable counterweights (510).

2. A high-precision three-jaw manual chuck according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bevel gear (210) extends from the end of the coil (220) to the edge of the chuck body (100) for external force to drive it.

3. A high-precision three-jaw manual chuck according to claim 1, characterized in that, The annular lubrication cavity (310) extends spirally along the axial direction of the coil (220) and communicates with the meshing area of ​​the bevel gear (210).

4. A high-precision three-jaw manual chuck according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composite guide strip (400) is locked and fixed in the I-groove (120).

5. A high-precision three-jaw manual chuck according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic balance adjustment ring (500) is threaded to the rear end of the chuck body (100), and the counterweight (510) is radially adjusted by the fine-tuning screw (511).

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