A press-fitting device for planetary gear shaft machining

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of press mounting device for planetary gear shaft machining, including press mounting machine, and the rack of press mounting machine is provided with automatic feeding and discharging mechanism, and automatic feeding and discharging mechanism includes the conveying assembly being arranged on the rack, and the fixed plate is arranged on conveying assembly, and the telescopic push rod is arranged on fixed plate, and the output rod end of telescopic push rod is provided with mounting plate, and the both ends of mounting plate are respectively provided with clamping piece, and clamping piece can be clamped and fixed to the workpiece to be pressed, and conveying assembly can adjust the position of the workpiece to be pressed that is clamped and fixed on clamping piece, the utility model can realize the efficient and accurate automatic feeding and discharging operation of the workpiece to be pressed that is clamped and fixed on clamping piece by conveying assembly cooperation telescopic push rod and clamping piece, solve the problem of low efficiency and high security risk existing in traditional press mounting relying on manual feeding and discharging, greatly improve the press mounting efficiency of press mounting machine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of press fitting equipment technology, specifically to a press fitting device for planetary gear shaft processing. Background Technology

[0002] A planetary gear transmission is a transmission that uses a planetary gear mechanism to achieve speed change. The planetary gear shaft is the structure that supports and mounts the planetary gears. The planetary gear shaft drives the planetary gears to rotate. In the early processing of the planetary gear shaft, a special press-fitting device is required to assemble the planetary gears with interference fit and the planetary gear shaft into the specified position to meet the needs of later use.

[0003] Utility model patent ZL201820643710.X discloses a device for press-fitting planetary gears. By setting a boss hole in the base, a mandrel is passed through the boss hole and protrudes from the base. A press-fitting platform structure that mates with the planetary gear and sleeve is set on the mandrel, achieving synchronous positioning of the planetary gear and sleeve during press-fitting. This ensures the concentricity of the sleeve and planetary gear during installation, avoiding eccentricity problems caused by uneven force during press-fitting and guaranteeing press-fitting quality. Simultaneously, a spring is set at the bottom of the mandrel for automatic return after press-fitting, realizing automatic material removal in the planetary gear and sleeve press-fitting process, greatly shortening press-fitting time and improving efficiency. This device has a simple structure, low manufacturing cost, and is easy to implement. Besides its use in press-fitting planetary gears and sleeves, it can also be promoted in the press-fitting processes of various sleeve structures.

[0004] Based on the above, in the process of pressing and assembling planetary gear shafts, the existing planetary gear shaft pressing process mostly relies on manual assistance. In practical applications, it suffers from low efficiency and poor positioning accuracy. This is because a single planetary gear shaft weighs 5-10kg, and manual handling of loading and unloading takes 3-5 minutes per trip, with a daily processing capacity of less than 300 pieces. Furthermore, manual positioning relies on visual observation, and the coaxiality error during pressing often exceeds 0.1mm, resulting in a significant increase in the abnormal noise rate of the gearbox after assembly, requiring rework and adjustment, further reducing pressing efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a pressing device for planetary gear shaft processing, which can realize automatic, efficient and precise conveying of workpieces to be pressed through an automatic loading and unloading mechanism. This solves the problem that the existing planetary gear shaft pressing process relies heavily on manual assistance, resulting in low efficiency and poor positioning accuracy in practical applications, and greatly improves product quality and pressing efficiency.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides a press-fitting device for planetary gear shaft processing, including a press-fitting machine. An automatic loading and unloading mechanism is installed on the frame of the press-fitting machine. The automatic loading and unloading mechanism includes a conveying component installed on the frame, a fixed plate on the conveying component, a telescopic push rod on the fixed plate, a mounting plate at the output end of the telescopic push rod, and clamping components at both ends of the mounting plate. The clamping components can clamp and fix the workpiece to be pressed. The conveying component can adjust the position of the workpiece clamped and fixed on the clamping components. This utility model can achieve efficient and precise automatic loading and unloading of the workpiece clamped and fixed on the clamping components through the conveying component, the telescopic push rod, and the clamping components. This solves the problems of low efficiency and high safety hazards associated with traditional press-fitting methods that rely on manual loading and unloading, greatly improving the pressing efficiency of the press-fitting machine.

[0007] The conveying assembly includes a belt conveyor mounted on a frame, and a fixed plate mounted on the conveyor belt. This invention enables convenient and rapid adjustment of the position of the fixed plate and the telescopic push rod on it via the belt conveyor.

[0008] The telescopic push rod can be an electric push rod or a hydraulic push rod. The extension and retraction of the output rod of the telescopic push rod facilitates the precise and efficient placement of the workpiece to be pressed, making operation more convenient.

[0009] The clamping component includes finger cylinders located at both ends of the mounting plate. The pneumatic fingers of the finger cylinders are equipped with anti-slip pads. The cooperation between the cylinder fingers and the anti-slip pads facilitates efficient and rapid clamping and fixing of the workpiece to be pressed.

[0010] The extension and retraction directions of the output rod of the telescopic push rod are perpendicular to the conveying component of the conveying assembly.

[0011] The anti-slip mat has anti-slip protrusions inside, which can play a good protective role and prevent the workpiece from being crushed.

[0012] Two clamping components are located on either side of the press head of the press machine.

[0013] The anti-slip mat is made of rubber.

[0014] In summary, compared with the prior art, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. Solving the problems of low efficiency and poor positioning accuracy: This utility model can replace manual labor with automated loading and unloading, greatly shortening the single pressing cycle and greatly increasing the daily processing capacity; the coordinated positioning of belt conveyor and electric push rod can control the coaxiality of pressing within 0.02mm, greatly reducing the abnormal noise rate of gearbox, greatly reducing the rework rate, and greatly improving product quality.

[0015] 2. Eliminate safety hazards and meet safety standards: This utility model can achieve fully automated operation through automatic loading and unloading mechanism. No manual personnel need to enter the pressing area. With the help of emergency stop button and safety light curtain, the hand clamping accident rate during pressing is greatly reduced.

[0016] 3. Prevent workpiece crushing and improve product qualification rate: This utility model can form an "elastic buffer clamping structure" through the anti-slip pad and hemispherical protrusion. The clamping force is precisely controlled at 400-600N, which greatly reduces the workpiece journal crushing rate, greatly reduces the bearing fit clearance deviation rate, and greatly improves the product qualification rate.

[0017] 4. Improve conveying stability and reduce scrap rate: This utility model can greatly reduce the workpiece movement offset through the belt conveyor structure, eliminating the need for manual secondary adjustment; combined with real-time positioning by photoelectric sensors, the scrap rate caused by shaft bending due to misalignment between the pressure head and the workpiece is greatly reduced. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the press-fitting device for planetary gear shaft machining according to this utility model; Figure 2 This utility model Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 3 This is an isometric view of the press-fitting device for machining planetary gear shafts according to this utility model; Figure 4 This is a front view of the press-fitting device for planetary gear shaft machining according to this utility model.

[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 100, press fitting machine; 110, frame; 200, automatic loading and unloading mechanism; 210, conveying assembly; 220, fixing plate; 230, telescopic push rod; 240, mounting plate; 250, clamping component; 251, finger cylinder; 252, pneumatic finger. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the following will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this utility model. Figure 1-4 The technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model are clearly and completely described herein. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this utility model. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of this utility model are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0021] like Figure 1-4As shown: This embodiment provides a press-fitting device for planetary gear shaft processing, including a press-fitting machine 100. The press-fitting machine 100 is a YQ32-50 four-column hydraulic press-fitting machine 100 produced by Tengzhou Hydraulic Machinery Equipment Co., Ltd., with a rated pressure of 50kN, a press head material of 40Cr, and a chrome-plated surface for rust prevention and wear resistance. An automatic loading and unloading mechanism 200 is provided on the frame 110 of the press-fitting machine 100. The frame 110 is made of Q235 low carbon steel plate, which is formed by CNC bending and carbon dioxide gas shielded welding. After welding, it undergoes vibration aging treatment. The bottom of the frame 110 is fixed to the ground by expansion bolts to ensure no shaking during press-fitting. The automatic loading and unloading mechanism 200 includes a conveying assembly 210 mounted on a frame 110. A fixing plate 220 is mounted on the conveying assembly 210. The fixing plate 220 is made of 45# steel and has undergone heat treatment. Bolt holes are opened at the four corners of the plate surface, and it is fixed to the conveyor belt with 304 stainless steel hex bolts. The bolt heads are embedded in the countersunk holes of the fixing plate 220 to avoid scratching the workpiece. The upper surface of the fixing plate 220 is ground to ensure a tight fit with the telescopic push rod 230. The telescopic push rod 230 is mounted on the fixing plate 220. The telescopic push rod 230 can be an electric push rod or a hydraulic push rod. The extension and retraction direction of the output rod of the telescopic push rod 230 is perpendicular to the conveying assembly 210. The extension and retraction of the output rod of the telescopic push rod 230 facilitates the precise and efficient placement of the workpiece to be pressed, making operation more convenient. The telescopic push rod 230 is a DT300 from Changzhou Baojun Electromechanical Co., Ltd. The electric push rod (or hydraulic push rod, model Y-HG1) has a body made of 304 stainless steel and an outer shell made of aluminum alloy (anodized for rust prevention). The fixed end of the push rod is fixed to the fixed plate 220 with 304 stainless steel bolts. The output rod axis is perpendicular to the conveyor's conveying direction to ensure that the workpiece position can be adjusted laterally. The output rod end of the telescopic push rod 230 is equipped with a mounting plate 240, which is made of 45# steel. It is fixed to the output rod end of the telescopic push rod 230 with a flat key (made of 45# steel, key connection) and then locked with a set screw (made of 304 stainless steel) to prevent relative rotation. The upper surface of the mounting plate 240... Bolt holes are provided for fixing clamping parts 250; clamping parts 250 are respectively provided at both ends of the mounting plate 240. The clamping parts 250 can clamp and fix the workpiece to be pressed. The conveying component 210 can adjust the position of the workpiece to be pressed clamped and fixed on the clamping parts 250. This utility model can realize efficient and accurate automatic loading and unloading of the workpiece to be pressed clamped and fixed on the clamping parts 250 by using the conveying component 210 in conjunction with the telescopic push rod 230 and the clamping parts 250. It solves the problems of low efficiency and high safety hazards of traditional pressing that rely on manual loading and unloading, and greatly improves the pressing efficiency of the pressing machine 100.

[0022] According to one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1-4As shown, the conveying assembly 210 includes a belt conveyor mounted on the frame 110. The belt conveyor is a QA-B500 type belt conveyor from Shanghai Qinai Automation Equipment Co., Ltd., with a polyurethane belt and 304 stainless steel idlers underneath to ensure smooth belt operation. The conveyor frame 110 is fixed to both sides of the press machine 100 frame 110 by 304 stainless steel bolts. The conveying direction is perpendicular to the axis of the press head of the press machine 100, adapting to the press cycle. The fixing plate 220 is mounted on the conveyor belt of the belt conveyor. This utility model can achieve convenient and quick adjustment of the position of the fixing plate 220 and the telescopic push rod 230 on it through the belt conveyor.

[0023] According to another embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the clamping component 250 includes finger cylinders 251 disposed at both ends of the mounting plate 240. The pneumatic fingers 252 of the finger cylinders 251 are provided with anti-slip pads. There are two finger cylinders 251, which are SMC (China) Co., Ltd. MHZ2-16D type parallel finger cylinders 251 with a maximum clamping force of 800N and a finger stroke of 16mm. The cylinder body is made of aluminum alloy (surface anodized) and the piston rod is made of stainless steel. The cylinders are fixed to both ends of the mounting plate 240 by internal hex bolts (material 304 stainless steel). The two cylinders are symmetrically distributed and located on both sides directly below the pressure head of the press machine 100 to ensure that the axis of the workpiece is coaxial with the pressure head after clamping. The combination of the cylinder fingers and the anti-slip pads facilitates efficient and rapid clamping and fixing of the workpiece to be pressed.

[0024] According to another embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the anti-slip pad has anti-slip protrusions inside. The anti-slip pad is made of nitrile rubber and is bonded to the inside of the pneumatic finger 252 of the finger cylinder 251 using epoxy resin adhesive (model E-44, bonding strength ≥10MPa). The inner side of the anti-slip pad has integrally formed hemispherical anti-slip protrusions with a roughened surface treatment. This increases the friction with the workpiece and, through the elasticity of the rubber, buffers the clamping force, preventing direct metal-to-metal contact and damage to the workpiece. This provides excellent protection and prevents damage to the workpiece.

[0025] According to another embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the two clamping parts 250 are located on both sides of the press head of the press machine 100.

[0026] It also includes the electronic control system, which includes: Controller: The controller adopts the Siemens (China) Co., Ltd. S7-200 SMART CPU ST40 PLC, equipped with Weintek TK6071IP touch screen, which can set parameters such as conveying speed, push rod stroke, cylinder clamping force, pressing pressure and speed; Sensors: One Omron (China) Co., Ltd. E3Z-D61 photoelectric sensor (detection distance 500mm, response time 1ms) is installed at the feed end, pressing station, and discharge end of the conveyor to detect the workpiece position and feed it back to the PLC; an SMC ZSE30A-01-N pressure sensor (range 0-1MPa) is installed on the finger cylinder 251 to monitor the clamping force in real time and avoid overload; Wiring and protection: All wires are made of oil-resistant shielded cables and are laid inside the frame 110 through PVC cable trays (made of flame-retardant PVC). Rubber protective rings are put on the cable tray outlets (to prevent wire wear); the electrical control box is made of 304 stainless steel to prevent oil mist and dust from entering.

[0027] Working principle and usage of this utility model: First, it should be clarified that the press-fitting device involved in this utility model is mainly used for press-fitting shafts and bushings, rotating shafts, and gears. This utility model takes the press-fitting of planetary gears for planetary gear shaft machining as an example to explain its working principle and usage method in detail. The working principle is as follows: This device is based on a mechanism of "PLC collaborative control + automated conveying + precise clamping + safety protection" to achieve full automation of the planetary gear shaft from loading and unloading to pressing. The specific principle is as follows: Signal linkage logic: Photoelectric sensors and pressure sensors transmit workpiece position and clamping force signals to the PLC. The PLC synchronously controls the belt conveyor, telescopic push rod 230, finger cylinder 251 and press head of press machine 100 according to the preset program (pressing cycle 10 seconds / piece), forming a closed loop process of "feeding → clamping → conveying → positioning → pressing → discharging". Automatic feeding and positioning: The workpiece (planetary gear shaft) is placed at the feed end of the conveyor. After the photoelectric sensor detects the workpiece, the PLC controls the conveyor to start and transport the workpiece to the clamping station. Upon reaching the clamping station, the conveyor stops, the finger cylinder 251 is ventilated, and the pneumatic finger 252 retracts to clamp the workpiece (when the pressure sensor monitors the clamping force to 500N, the cylinder stops pressurizing) to prevent the workpiece from loosening or being damaged. When the telescopic push rod 230 is activated, the output rod extends and pushes the workpiece directly under the pressure head of the press machine 100 (positioned by the photoelectric sensor of the press station to ensure that the coaxiality between the workpiece axis and the pressure head is ≤0.02mm). Press fitting coordination: The PLC sends a press fitting signal to the press fitting machine 100, the press head moves downward to press the workpiece (such as the interference fit between the bearing and the shaft). After the press fitting pressure reaches the preset value (30kN), the press head holds the pressure for 2 seconds and then moves upward to reset. Automatic feeding: After the pressure head is reset, the output rod of the telescopic push rod 230 retracts (driving the workpiece away from the pressing station), the conveyor starts, and the workpiece is transported to the discharge end. The finger cylinder 251 is released, and the workpiece falls into the receiving box, completing a single pressing. At the same time, the feed end conveyor continues to transport the next workpiece, entering the next cycle.

[0028] The usage method is as follows: Equipment pretreatment (before startup): Check the condition of each component: confirm that the belt conveyor belt is undamaged, the anti-slip pad of the finger cylinder 251 is not detached, and the lens of the photoelectric sensor is free of oil stains; start the press machine 100, run it unloaded 3 times, and check whether the press head rises and falls smoothly without jamming; Setting parameters: Parameters can be set via the touch screen: conveyor speed, telescopic push rod 230 stroke, finger cylinder 251 clamping force, pressing pressure, press head downward speed, and pressure holding time; Safety checks: Test the emergency stop button (located on the front of the electrical control box, red mushroom-shaped button). Pressing it will immediately stop all actions. Check if the safety light curtain in the pressing area (optional, model SICK C20S-080303A11) is normal. If the light curtain is blocked, the pressing head cannot descend.

[0029] Workpiece clamping and loading: Place the planetary gear shaft to be pressed (such as model 4509 planetary gear shaft, material 20CrMnTi) steadily at the feed end of the conveyor, ensuring that the shaft axis is parallel to the conveying direction of the conveyor and avoiding skewing; Start the "Automatic Operation" button, and the conveyor will transport the workpiece to the clamping station. The finger cylinder 251 will automatically clamp the workpiece (the touch screen displays a clamping force of 500N, and the green light will illuminate).

[0030] Automatic pressing process: After clamping is completed, the conveyor stops, the telescopic push rod 230 extends, and pushes the workpiece to the pressing station (the photoelectric sensor detects that the workpiece is in place, and the touch screen displays "Positioning complete"). The PLC automatically controls the pressing machine to move the 100-pressure head downwards. During the pressing process, the touch screen displays the pressure value in real time. After reaching 30kN, the pressure is held for 2 seconds, and then the pressing head moves upwards. After the pressure head is reset, the telescopic push rod 230 retracts, the conveyor starts, and the workpiece is transported to the discharge end. The finger cylinder 251 is released, and the workpiece falls into the receiving box (the receiving box is lined with a polyethylene pad to avoid collision damage to the workpiece).

[0031] Mass production and monitoring: During mass production, operators only need to replenish workpieces at the feeding end, and 360 press-fit pieces can be completed per hour (8,640 pieces per day, far exceeding the daily average of 300 pieces by manual labor). Monitor the touchscreen data in real time. If "abnormal clamping force" (<400N or >600N) or "positioning failure" (no signal from photoelectric sensor) occurs, the equipment will automatically stop and alarm. After troubleshooting, press the "reset" button to restart.

[0032] Shutdown and Maintenance: After production is completed, press the "Power Off" button and wait for all components to reset before disconnecting the main power supply. Use compressed air (pressure 0.2MPa) to blow away dust from the surface of the belt conveyor and finger cylinder 251; check the adhesion of the anti-slip pads weekly, and if they fall off, clean the surface with alcohol and reapply epoxy resin adhesive; add lithium-based grease (model 3#) to the telescopic push rod 230 monthly to ensure smooth operation.

[0033] This invention enables the automatic, efficient, and precise conveying of workpieces to be pressed using an automatic loading and unloading mechanism 200. It solves the problem that existing planetary gear shaft pressing processes rely heavily on manual assistance, resulting in low efficiency and poor positioning accuracy in practical applications, and greatly improves product quality and pressing efficiency.

[0034] Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0035] The above description is the preferred embodiment of this utility model. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of this utility model, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A press-fitting device for machining planetary gear shafts, comprising a press-fitting machine (100), characterized in that: The press machine (100) is equipped with an automatic loading and unloading mechanism (200) on its frame (110). The automatic loading and unloading mechanism (200) includes a conveying assembly (210) on the frame (110). The conveying assembly (210) is equipped with a fixing plate (220). The fixing plate (220) is equipped with a telescopic push rod (230). The output rod end of the telescopic push rod (230) is equipped with a mounting plate (240). The two ends of the mounting plate (240) are respectively equipped with clamping members (250). The clamping members (250) can clamp and fix the workpiece to be pressed. The conveying assembly (210) can adjust the position of the workpiece to be pressed that is clamped and fixed on the clamping members (250).

2. The press-fitting device for planetary gear shaft machining as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The conveying assembly (210) includes a belt conveyor mounted on a frame (110), and the fixing plate (220) is mounted on the conveyor belt of the belt conveyor.

3. The press-fitting device for planetary gear shaft machining as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic push rod (230) is an electric push rod or a hydraulic push rod.

4. The press-fitting device for planetary gear shaft machining as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping member (250) includes finger cylinders (251) disposed at both ends of the mounting plate (240), and the pneumatic fingers (252) of the finger cylinders (251) are provided with anti-slip pads.

5. The press-fitting device for planetary gear shaft machining as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The extension and retraction directions of the output rod of the telescopic push rod (230) are perpendicular to the conveying component (210) of the conveying component (210).

6. The press-fitting device for planetary gear shaft machining as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The anti-slip mat has anti-slip protrusions inside.

7. The press-fitting device for planetary gear shaft machining as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The two clamping elements (250) are located on both sides of the press head of the press machine (100).

8. The press-fitting device for planetary gear shaft machining as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The anti-slip mat is a rubber mat.

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