A preforming device for coated reinforced low-density sleepers
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522129473.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-30
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-10-09
AI Technical Summary
传统轨枕中，木质轨枕易受环境影响出现腐坏、断裂、强度不均；混凝土轨枕存在后期保养费用高、弹性小易损伤钢轨、重量大安装困难等问题
1.本预成型装置通过预成型平台和预成型柱的结构设计，配合第一导毡器输送的玻璃纤维布，实现对连续玻璃纤维下、左、右表面的自动包覆，无需复杂的人工干预，保证了纤维排布的有序性，为后续轨枕性能的均匀性提供基础。
Smart Images
Figure CN224915400U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of composite material sleeper molding technology, specifically a preforming device for covering and reinforcing low-density sleepers. Background Technology
[0002] Railway sleepers are an important component of railway rail transit. Among traditional sleepers, wooden sleepers are susceptible to environmental factors, resulting in rot, breakage, and uneven strength; concrete sleepers have problems such as high maintenance costs, low elasticity which can easily damage the rails, and heavy weight which makes installation difficult.
[0003] In recent years, composite material railway sleepers have attracted much attention, but existing technologies have shortcomings: the use of foam filling or honeycomb structures in pursuit of lightweighting reduces compressive strength; pure glass fiber reinforced sleepers have excessively high density (>1.2 g / cm³). 3 Traditional short fiber bundle and continuous fiber mixed reinforcement relies heavily on manual layering, resulting in a chaotic internal structure, low stress transfer efficiency, and weak interfacial bonding in sleepers. Therefore, a preforming device is urgently needed to achieve orderly fiber coating and mixed reinforcement, balancing sleeper density and performance. Utility Model Content
[0004] To address the problems of the prior art, this invention provides a preforming device for coating and reinforcing low-density railway sleepers. The device aims to achieve orderly coating of continuous glass fibers with glass fiber cloth, while simultaneously allowing short glass fiber bundles and polyurethane composite materials to be randomly sprayed into the interior of the continuous glass fibers. Through a pultrusion process, a composite railway sleeper with low density and excellent physical properties is prepared.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a preforming device for covering and reinforcing low-density railway sleepers, comprising: a yarn frame for evenly placing continuous glass fibers; a yarn collecting plate disposed downstream of the yarn frame for layering the continuous glass fibers; a first felt guide for conveying a first glass fiber cloth; a preforming assembly including a preforming platform and a preforming column fixed above the preforming platform, wherein the continuous glass fibers pass through the yarn collecting plate and are pulled to the preforming platform, so that the first glass fiber cloth, after being manually folded and placed on the preforming platform, covers the lower, left, and right surfaces of the continuous glass fibers; and an impregnation box connected to the preforming platform. The system comprises: a tail end; an injection system, located above the first section of the impregnation box, for spraying polyurethane resin and disordered short glass fiber bundles into the interior of the continuous glass fiber; a second guide felter, for conveying a second glass fiber cloth, which is pulled through the impregnation box to the upper surface of the continuous glass fiber to cover the upper surface of the continuous glass fiber; a pultrusion production line, connected to the end of the impregnation box, for pultruding the treated continuous glass fiber, the first glass fiber cloth, the second glass fiber cloth, polyurethane resin, and disordered short glass fiber bundles into a composite material sleeper; and a cutting device, located at the end of the pultrusion production line, for cutting the formed composite material sleeper.
[0006] Preferably, the preformed columns are arranged at intervals along the length of the preformed platform, and the preformed columns are arranged in two rows; the first glass fiber cloth covers the upper surface of the preformed platform and the outer side wall of each preformed column. When the continuous glass fiber is pulled to the preformed platform, the first glass fiber cloth naturally adheres to the lower surface and left and right side surfaces of the continuous glass fiber and forms a covering under the limiting action of the preformed platform and the preformed columns.
[0007] Preferably, the width of the first fiberglass cloth is adapted to the width of the bottom and sides of the sleeper.
[0008] Preferably, the spraying range of the glue injection system covers the internal region of the continuous glass fiber, so that the polyurethane resin fully impregnates the continuous glass fiber and the first glass fiber cloth, and the short glass fiber bundles are uniformly and disorderly distributed inside the continuous glass fiber.
[0009] Preferably, the width of the second fiberglass cloth is adapted to the width of the upper surface of the sleeper.
[0010] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are: 1. This preforming device, through the structural design of the preforming platform and preforming column, combined with the glass fiber cloth conveyed by the first guide felter, achieves automatic wrapping of the lower, left, and right surfaces of continuous glass fiber without complex manual intervention, ensuring the orderly arrangement of the fiber and providing a foundation for the uniformity of the subsequent sleeper performance.
[0011] 2. The glass fiber cloth conveyed by the second guide felter covers the upper surface of the continuous glass fiber. Combined with the forming action of the pultrusion production line, it ensures that there are no bare fibers on the surface of the sleeper. In addition, the polyurethane resin reacts stably during the pultrusion process, avoiding product deformation. Ultimately, the sleeper density is reduced while the physical properties are not reduced, effectively saving production material costs. Attached Figure Description
[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the manufacturing process of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the preforming platform, preforming column, and impregnation box. Detailed Implementation
[0013] Please see Figures 1 to 2 This utility model provides a preforming device and a forming diagram: it includes continuous glass fiber 2 and a yarn frame 1. The continuous glass fiber 2 is evenly arranged above the yarn frame 1. The continuous glass fiber 2 is connected to the yarn collecting plate 4 in layers. A first felt guide 31 is provided below the yarn collecting plate 4. The first felt guide 31 holds a first glass fiber cloth 311. The width of the first glass fiber cloth 311 is consistent with the width of the bottom and sides of the product.
[0014] The first glass fiber cloth 311 is placed below the continuous glass fiber 2 and adheres to the surface of the preforming platform 6 and the preforming column 61. The preforming platform 6 is located at the output end of the yarn collecting plate 4 and the first guide felt 31. The end of the preforming platform 6 is connected to the impregnation box 7. The glue injection system 5 is set above the first section of the impregnation box 7 and is used to spray polyurethane resin 51 and disordered short glass fiber bundles 52 into the interior of the continuous glass fiber 2. The second guide felt 32 is placed on the right side of the glue injection system 5. The second guide felt 32 holds the second glass fiber cloth 322. The second glass fiber cloth 322 is connected to the continuous glass fiber in the rear part of the impregnation box 7, so that the first glass fiber cloth 311 and the second glass fiber cloth 322 completely cover the continuous glass fiber 2.
[0015] The impregnation box 7 is connected to the pultrusion production line 8 at one end, and the pultrusion production line 8 is connected to the cutting device 9 at the other end.
[0016] Working principle: S1. Place the continuous glass fiber 2 evenly into the yarn frame 1; S2. Pass the continuous glass fiber 2 through the yarn collecting plate 4 in layers from bottom to top, and sort the continuous glass fiber 2 in layers through the yarn collecting plate 4. S3. Fix the first glass fiber cloth 311 onto the first guide felt 31, and pull the first glass fiber cloth 311 to the preforming platform 6; S4. The first fiberglass cloth 311 is rolled up and folded to cover the preforming platform 6 and the preforming column 61. The width of the first fiberglass cloth 311 is adapted to the width of the bottom and sides of the sleeper, in preparation for the subsequent covering of the lower, left and right surfaces of the continuous fiberglass 2. S5. Pull the continuous glass fiber 2 that passes through the yarn collecting plate 4 to the preforming platform 6. Utilize the structure of the preforming platform 6 and the preforming column 61 to completely cover the lower, left and right surfaces of the continuous glass fiber 2 with the first glass fiber cloth 311. S6. Pull the continuous glass fiber 2 and the first glass fiber cloth 311, which have been covered on the lower, left and right surfaces, into the impregnation box 7 at the end of the preforming platform 6; S7. In the first section of the impregnation box 7, polyurethane resin 51 and disordered short glass fiber bundles 52 are sprayed into the continuous glass fiber 2 through the glue injection system 5, so that the polyurethane resin 51 fully impregnates the continuous glass fiber 2 and the first glass fiber cloth 311, while the short glass fiber bundles 52 are evenly and disorderly distributed inside the continuous glass fiber 2. S8. Fix the second fiberglass cloth 322 onto the second guide felt 32. The width of the second fiberglass cloth 322 is adapted to the width of the upper surface of the sleeper. Then, pull the second fiberglass cloth 322 onto the upper surface of the continuous fiberglass 2 through the impregnation box 7 to achieve the covering of the upper surface of the continuous fiberglass 2. S9. Adjust the pultrusion production line 8 to the appropriate temperature required for sleeper molding, and introduce the continuous glass fiber 2 (which has been completely covered by the first and second glass fiber cloths 311 and 322, and contains short glass fiber bundles 52 and polyurethane resin 51) processed in step S8 into the pultrusion production line 8 to form a composite material sleeper through the pultrusion process. S10. The composite material sleeper after pultrusion molding is cut by the cutting device 9 at the end of the pultrusion production line 8 to finally obtain the finished coated reinforced low-density sleeper 10.
[0017] In this embodiment, the connection between the preforming platform 6 and the impregnation box 7, and the connection between the impregnation box 7 and the pultrusion production line 8, can ensure that the polyurethane resin 51 is stable in shape during the reaction process and avoid sleeper deformation due to expansion. By completely covering the continuous glass fiber with glass fiber cloth, combined with the disordered reinforcement of the internal short glass fiber bundles, the technical effect of reducing sleeper density without degrading physical properties is achieved.
[0018] The structures, proportions, and sizes illustrated in the accompanying drawings are solely for illustrative purposes and to aid those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the invention. They are not intended to limit the scope of the invention and therefore have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in proportions, or adjustments to size, provided they do not affect the effectiveness or purpose of the invention, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed herein. Furthermore, terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and "middle" used in this specification are merely for clarity and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention.
[0019] The present invention has been described above with reference to preferred embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. All technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Various modifications can be made to the present invention, and components can be replaced with equivalents without departing from the scope of the present invention. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any way.
Claims
1. A preforming device for covering and reinforcing low-density railway sleepers, comprising: A yarn rack (1) is used to evenly place continuous glass fibers (2). A yarn collecting plate (4) is located downstream of the yarn frame (1) and is used to arrange the continuous glass fiber (2) in layers. First guide felt (31) is used to convey first glass fiber cloth (311). The preforming assembly includes a preforming platform (6) and a preforming column (61) fixed above the preforming platform (6). The continuous glass fiber (2) passes through the yarn collecting plate (4) and is pulled to the preforming platform (6), so that the first glass fiber cloth (311) placed on the preforming platform (6) after being manually rolled up covers the lower, left and right surfaces of the continuous glass fiber (2). The impregnation box (7) is connected to the tail end of the preforming platform (6); The glue injection system (5) is located above the first section of the glue impregnation box (7) and is used to spray polyurethane resin (51) and disordered short glass fiber bundles (52) into the interior of the continuous glass fiber (2). The second guide (32) is used to convey the second glass fiber cloth (322), which is pulled through the impregnation box (7) to the upper surface of the continuous glass fiber (2) to cover the upper surface of the continuous glass fiber (2); The pultrusion production line (8) is connected to the end of the impregnation box (7) and is used to pultrude the processed continuous glass fiber (2), the first glass fiber cloth (311), the second glass fiber cloth (322), the polyurethane resin (51) and the disordered short glass fiber bundle (52) into composite material sleepers. A cutting device (9) is located at the end of the pultrusion production line (8) and is used to cut the formed composite material sleepers.
2. The preforming device for covering and reinforcing low-density railway sleepers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preformed columns (61) are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the preformed platform (6), and the preformed columns (61) are arranged in two rows; the first glass fiber cloth (311) covers the upper surface of the preformed platform (6) and the outer side wall of each preformed column (61). When the continuous glass fiber (2) is pulled to the preformed platform (6), the first glass fiber cloth (311) naturally adheres to the lower surface and left and right side surfaces of the continuous glass fiber (2) and forms a covering under the limiting action of the preformed platform (6) and the preformed columns (61).
3. The preforming device for covering and reinforcing low-density railway sleepers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the first fiberglass cloth (311) is adapted to the width of the bottom and sides of the sleeper.
4. The preforming device for covering and reinforcing low-density railway sleepers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spraying range of the injection system (5) covers the internal area of the continuous glass fiber (2), so that the polyurethane resin (51) fully impregnates the continuous glass fiber (2) and the first glass fiber cloth (311), and the short glass fiber bundles (52) are uniformly and disorderly distributed inside the continuous glass fiber (2).
5. The preforming device for covering and reinforcing low-density railway sleepers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the second fiberglass cloth (322) is adapted to the width of the upper surface of the sleeper.