Pretreatment device for organic matter adsorption and slow release

Abstract

The utility model belongs to wastewater treatment technical field, especially relate to a kind of pretreatment device for organic matter adsorption slow release, it solves the problem that the wastewater cannot be preprocessed to reduce the organic matter content, and the wastewater with high organic matter concentration can impact the subsequent processing step.The pretreatment device for organic matter adsorption slow release, including treatment pool, the filler capable of adsorbing organic matter is arranged in the treatment pool, and the filler is inoculated with biological membrane capable of degrading organic matter.The organic matter in wastewater can be adsorbed, and when the concentration of organic matter is not high, slow release desorption is realized, so that the concentration is stable, in addition, the organic matter can also be degraded by cell membrane.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of wastewater treatment technology, and specifically relates to a pretreatment device for the adsorption and slow release of organic matter. Background Technology

[0002] Wastewater treatment is crucial for water safety and environmental protection. In some rural areas, wastewater is often rich in organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and other components. Direct discharge will inevitably damage the water source environment. Therefore, it needs to be treated by a wastewater treatment system before it can be discharged or reused.

[0003] However, some existing wastewater treatment systems lack corresponding pretreatment devices, making it impossible to control the organic content of the input wastewater. Wastewater with excessively high organic concentrations may cause instantaneous high-load shocks to subsequent treatment devices, affecting the treatment rate and effect. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the aforementioned problems in the existing technology by proposing a pretreatment device for the adsorption and slow release of organic matter.

[0005] To achieve the innovative objectives of this utility model, the following technical solutions can be used: A pretreatment device for the adsorption and slow release of organic matter includes a treatment tank, wherein the treatment tank is provided with a packing material capable of adsorbing organic matter, and the packing material is inoculated with a biofilm capable of degrading organic matter.

[0006] This invention relates to a pretreatment device installed upstream of a wastewater treatment system for pretreating wastewater containing organic matter. The treatment tank contains porous packing material. When wastewater with a high concentration of organic matter enters the tank, the packing material, with its large specific surface area and surface functional groups, can rapidly adsorb organic molecules. This adsorption is not permanent but exists in a dynamic equilibrium. As the concentration of organic matter in the water decreases due to adsorption, some of the adsorbed organic matter on the packing surface slowly desorbs back into the water – this process is called "slow release." The organic matter is released slowly from the packing material, rather than all at once, which helps avoid the subsequent treatment units being subjected to sudden high-load shocks. Furthermore, a stable biofilm is inoculated and formed on the packing material, containing a large number of microorganisms capable of degrading organic matter. When the packing material adsorbs organic matter, the biofilm begins to contact and utilize this adsorbed organic matter as a nutrient source for metabolic degradation. More importantly, in the subsequent "slow release" stage, the organic matter slowly desorbed from the packing material is immediately captured and degraded by the biofilm attached to the packing surface. In other words, the biofilm slowly releases the adsorption sites of the packing material, ensuring continuous operation.

[0007] In the aforementioned pretreatment device for the adsorption and slow release of organic matter, the side wall of the treatment tank is provided with an inlet located below the packing material and an outlet located above the packing material. The outer end of the inlet is connected to the wastewater pipeline, and the inner end is connected to the first water distributor assembly.

[0008] The treatment tank adopts an upflow inlet, where wastewater flows from bottom to top. Gravity causes suspended solids in the wastewater to settle naturally to the bottom, reducing the risk of packing blockage. Naturally, an aeration device is installed between the packing and the tank bottom—this is common knowledge. The rising air bubbles enhance water turbulence, improving oxygen transfer efficiency, while simultaneously flushing the packing to prevent caking. As organic matter is slowly released from the bottom to the top of the packing, the biofilm can degrade layer by layer, avoiding localized overload. Furthermore, the outlet is an overflow outlet.

[0009] In the aforementioned pretreatment device for the adsorption and slow release of organic matter, the biofilm includes Sphingomonas or Sphingomonas microalgae.

[0010] Both *Sphingomonas* and *Sphingosine microalgae* can secrete polysaccharide EPS, which forms a porous gel layer. The mesoporous structure of the gel network can more effectively capture dissolved organic matter. The bacterial community decomposes the organic polymers that have blocked the pores by secreting peroxidase. *Sphingosine microalgae* is preferred for this biofilm because its EPS is thinner, which helps to avoid clogging of the micropores of the packing material.

[0011] In the aforementioned pretreatment device for the adsorption and slow release of organic matter, the immobilization density of the biofilm is 107-108 CFU / g packing material, and slow-release nutrient balls are added to the packing material.

[0012] Excessive biofilm immobilization density can exacerbate blockage, while insufficient density leads to inadequate degradation. Slow-release nutrient pellets, made of PBS / glucose-encapsulated silica gel, can provide the necessary nutrients for the biofilm, while the slow-release method avoids excessive nutrient stimulation that could lead to excessive EPS secretion.

[0013] In the aforementioned pretreatment device for the adsorption and slow release of organic matter, pressure sensors are respectively installed on the upstream and downstream sides of the packing material. The pressure sensors are electrically connected to the control panel, and the inlet of the treatment tank is connected to an input flow valve that is electrically connected to the control panel.

[0014] Pressure sensors are used to detect the pressure on the inlet and outlet sides of the packing material. Since the packing material affects the passage of wastewater to a certain extent, there must be a pressure difference between the two sides. The magnitude of this pressure difference can be used to determine the extent to which the packing material impedes the passage of wastewater, and thus infer the state of the packing material. Generally, saturation of the packing material or excessive biofilm thickness can lead to a decrease in wastewater throughput, i.e., an increase in pressure difference.

[0015] In the aforementioned pretreatment device for the adsorption and slow release of organic matter, a backflush port is also provided on the side wall of the treatment tank above the packing material. The outer end of the backflush port is connected to a backflush water supply device, and the inner end is detachably connected to a second water distributor assembly. The backflush port is connected to a backflush switch valve, and the backflush switch valve is connected to a control panel.

[0016] The backwash inlet and the second water distributor assembly are located above the packing material, downstream of the wastewater pretreatment system. Clean water is supplied via the backwash water supply device to backwash and clean the packing material. This process not only clears clogged pores but also facilitates the detachment of aged biofilm, enabling the regeneration of the packing material. Furthermore, the inlet of the second water distributor assembly is connected to the outlet of the backwash inlet via a flange structure, allowing for flexible disassembly and facilitating the loading, removal, and replacement of the packing material within the tank.

[0017] In the above-mentioned pretreatment device for the adsorption and slow release of organic matter, the treatment tank includes a conical bottom surface, and a sludge discharge port is provided at the lowest point of the conical bottom surface. The sludge discharge port is connected to a sludge discharge switch valve, and the sludge discharge switch valve is electrically connected to a control panel.

[0018] The bottom of the treatment tank is conical, which helps suspended impurities to settle at a low level. The sludge discharge port is located at this low level to ensure the smooth discharge of deposited impurities. It also facilitates the discharge of backflushed blockages and aged biofilm.

[0019] In the aforementioned pretreatment device for the adsorption and slow release of organic matter, the control panel includes a differential pressure calculation module, an input flow control module, and a backflushing sludge discharge module.

[0020] The control panel automatically adjusts the pretreatment process. The differential pressure calculation module calculates the pressure difference between the upstream and downstream sides of the packing material to determine the packing blockage status. The input flow control module controls the opening of the input flow valve based on the differential pressure, appropriately reducing the wastewater input flow rate when the differential pressure increases. This extends the treatment time of the biofilm on the wastewater and helps release the adsorption sites of the packing material. The backwash sludge removal module initiates the backwash sludge removal program when the differential pressure reaches a threshold, closing the input flow valve while simultaneously opening the sludge removal switch valve and the backwash switch valve. Of course, the specific programming design is existing technology and will not be elaborated upon in detail.

[0021] In the aforementioned pretreatment device for the adsorption and slow release of organic matter, the packing material includes a mesoporous shell layer and a core layer arranged along the flow direction of the wastewater. The core layer includes adsorbent biochar, and the mesoporous shell layer includes macroporous activated carbon. The biofilm is inoculated into the mesoporous shell layer.

[0022] The core layer is an adsorbent biochar with micropores, which has a deep adsorption capacity but does not allow bacteria to enter. The mesoporous shell layer is activated carbon with large pore sizes of 50-100nm, which helps the biofilm to be fixed and grow. The biofilm-closed EPS interpenetrates with the pores, allowing wastewater to pass through and come into full contact with the EPS.

[0023] As an optimization, the packing material further includes a surface modification layer comprising sodium alginate coated on a mesoporous shell. The sodium alginate contains -NH2 groups, which covalently immobilize the bacterial cells, helping to reduce pore blockage.

[0024] In the aforementioned pretreatment device for the adsorption and slow release of organic matter, the packing material is filled in a wire mesh basket, the upper end of the treatment pool is open, and a support protrusion is provided on the inner side wall or bottom surface of the treatment pool. The bottom outer edge of the wire mesh basket abuts against the support protrusion.

[0025] The mesh basket is used to hold the packing material. Its bottom surface has mesh openings that prevent the packing material from passing through, but allow wastewater to pass through. The mesh basket and packing material are a single, independent component. The bottom of the mesh basket rests against a support platform, allowing for flexible disassembly. Specifically, the treatment tank and mesh basket are cylindrical with mutually compatible outer diameters, making installation easier.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following main advantages: 1. The treatment tank is equipped with porous packing material. When wastewater containing high concentrations of organic matter enters the treatment tank, the packing material, with its huge specific surface area and surface functional groups, can quickly adsorb organic molecules. Moreover, this adsorption is not permanent but in a dynamic equilibrium state. When the concentration of organic matter in the water decreases due to adsorption, some of the organic matter adsorbed on the surface of the packing material will slowly desorb back into the water, which helps to avoid the subsequent treatment units from being subjected to instantaneous high load shocks.

[0027] 2. A stable biofilm is inoculated on the packing material. When the packing material adsorbs organic matter, the biofilm begins to contact and utilize these adsorbed organic matter as a nutrient source for metabolic degradation. In the subsequent "slow release" stage, the organic matter that is slowly desorbed from the packing material is immediately captured and degraded by the biofilm attached to the surface of the packing material.

[0028] 3. The treatment tank adopts an upflow inlet method, where wastewater moves from the bottom to the top. Gravity causes suspended solids in the wastewater to settle at the bottom of the tank, reducing the risk of packing blockage.

[0029] 4. Sphingomonas and sphingomonas microalgae can secrete polysaccharide EPS, which forms a porous gel layer. The mesoporous structure of the gel network can more effectively capture dissolved organic matter. The bacterial community decomposes the organic polymers that have blocked the pores by secreting peroxidase.

[0030] 5. Pressure sensors are used to detect the pressure on the inlet and outlet sides of the packing material. The magnitude of the pressure difference between the two sides can be used to determine the extent of the packing material's obstruction of wastewater flow, thereby inferring the state of the packing material.

[0031] 6. The backflushing port and the second water distributor assembly are located on the downstream side. By backflushing and cleaning the packing, the blocked pores can be cleared, and the aging biofilm can be removed, thus regenerating the packing.

[0032] 7. The control panel is used to automatically adjust the pretreatment process; the differential pressure calculation module is used to determine the clogging status of the packing material; the input flow control module is used to extend the treatment time of the biofilm for wastewater, which is beneficial to releasing the adsorption sites of the packing material; the backwash sludge removal module is used to start the backwash sludge removal program when the differential pressure reaches the threshold, so as to realize the regeneration of the packing material.

[0033] 8. The core layer is an adsorbent biochar with micropores, which has a deep adsorption capacity but will not allow bacteria to enter. The mesoporous shell layer is activated carbon with large pores, which helps the biofilm to be fixed and grow. The biofilm-closed EPS interpenetrates with the pores, allowing wastewater to pass through and come into full contact with the EPS. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure provided by this utility model.

[0035] In the figure, the components are: treatment tank 1, packing material 2, inlet 3, outlet 4, first water distributor assembly 5, pressure sensor 6, inlet flow valve 7, backflush port 8, second water distributor assembly 9, backflush switch valve 10, conical bottom surface 11, sludge discharge port 12, sludge discharge switch valve 13, mesoporous shell layer 14, core layer 15, wire mesh basket 16, and support boss 17. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention, which are described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0037] Specific implementation examples Figure 1 As shown, the pretreatment device for the adsorption and slow release of organic matter includes a treatment tank 1, which contains a packing material 2 capable of adsorbing organic matter. The packing material 2 is inoculated with a biofilm capable of degrading organic matter, and the biofilm is sphingosine microalgae. The immobilization density of the biofilm is 107 CFU / g packing material 2. Slow-release nutrient balls, which are glucose-embedded silica gel, are added to the packing material 2.

[0038] Specifically, this pretreatment device is located at the upstream end of the wastewater treatment system and is used to pretreat wastewater containing organic matter. The treatment tank 1 is equipped with porous packing material 2. When wastewater containing a high concentration of organic matter enters the treatment tank 1, the packing material 2, with its huge specific surface area and surface functional groups, can quickly adsorb organic molecules. Moreover, this adsorption is not permanent but is in a dynamic equilibrium state. When the concentration of organic matter in the water decreases due to adsorption, some of the organic matter adsorbed on the surface of the packing material 2 will slowly desorb back into the water. This process is called "slow release". The organic matter is slowly released from the packing material 2 instead of being released all at once. This helps to avoid the subsequent treatment units from being subjected to instantaneous high load shocks. Furthermore, a stable biofilm is inoculated and formed on packing material 2, containing a large number of microorganisms capable of degrading organic matter. When packing material 2 adsorbs organic matter, the biofilm begins to contact and utilize these adsorbed organic matter as a nutrient source for metabolic degradation. More importantly, in the subsequent "slow-release" stage, the organic matter that is slowly desorbed from packing material 2 is immediately captured and degraded by the biofilm attached to the surface of packing material 2. In other words, the biofilm slowly releases the adsorption sites of packing material 2, ensuring continuous operation. Sphingosine microalgae can secrete polysaccharide EPS, which forms a porous gel layer. The mesoporous structure of the gel network can more effectively capture dissolved organic matter. The bacterial community decomposes organic polymers that have blocked the pores by secreting peroxidase.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, the treatment tank 1 has an inlet 3 located below the packing material 2 and an outlet 4 located above the packing material 2 on its side wall. The outer end of the inlet 3 is connected to the wastewater pipeline, and the inner end is connected to the first water distributor assembly 5. The treatment tank 1 also has a backflushing port 8 located above the packing material 2 on its side wall. The outer end of the backflushing port 8 is connected to the backflushing water supply device, and the inner end is detachably connected to the second water distributor assembly 9. The backflushing port 8 is connected to the backflushing switch valve 10, and the backflushing switch valve 10 is connected to the control panel. The treatment tank 1 includes a conical bottom surface 11, and a sludge discharge port 12 is provided at the lowest point of the conical bottom surface 11. The sludge discharge port 12 is connected to the sludge discharge switch valve 13, and the sludge discharge switch valve 13 is electrically connected to the control panel.

[0040] Specifically, treatment tank 1 adopts an upflow inlet method, where wastewater flows from bottom to top. Gravity causes suspended solids in the wastewater to naturally settle to the bottom of the tank, reducing the risk of clogging of the packing material 2. A corresponding aeration device is installed between the packing material 2 and the tank bottom. The rising air bubbles enhance water turbulence, improve oxygen transfer efficiency, and simultaneously flush the packing material 2 to prevent caking. As organic matter is slowly released from the bottom to the top of the packing material 2, the biofilm can be degraded layer by layer, avoiding local overload. The backwash port 8 and the second water distributor assembly 9 are located above the packing material 2, downstream of the wastewater pretreatment. Clean water is supplied by the backwash water supply device to backwash and clean the packing material 2, which not only clears clogged pores but also helps to remove aged biofilm, achieving regeneration of the packing material 2. Furthermore, the inlet of the second water distributor assembly 9 and the outlet of the backwash port 8 are connected by a flange structure, providing flexible disassembly and facilitating the filling or removal and replacement of the packing material 2 within the tank. The bottom of the treatment tank 1 is conical, which helps suspended impurities to settle at the lower level. The sludge discharge port 12 is located at this lower level to ensure the smooth discharge of deposited impurities. It also facilitates the discharge of backflushed blockages and aged biofilm.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, pressure sensors 6 are installed on the upstream and downstream sides of the packing 2, respectively. The pressure sensors 6 are electrically connected to the control panel. The inlet 3 of the treatment tank 1 is connected to an input flow valve 7, which is electrically connected to the control panel. The control panel includes a differential pressure calculation module, an input flow control module, and a backwash sludge discharge module.

[0042] Specifically, pressure sensor 6 is used to detect the pressure on the inlet and outlet sides of packing 2. Since packing 2 affects the passage of wastewater to a certain extent, there must be a pressure difference between the two sides. The magnitude of this pressure difference can be used to determine the extent of the obstruction of wastewater passage by packing 2, and thus infer the state of packing 2. Generally, saturation of packing 2 or excessive biofilm thickness may lead to a decrease in wastewater throughput, i.e., an increase in pressure difference. The control panel is used to automatically adjust the treatment process. The pressure difference calculation module can calculate the pressure difference between the upstream and downstream sides of packing 2 to determine the blockage status of packing 2. The input flow control module can control the opening of input flow valve 7 according to the pressure difference. When the pressure difference increases, it can appropriately reduce the wastewater input flow rate to extend the treatment time of the biofilm on wastewater, which is beneficial to releasing the adsorption sites of packing 2. The backflushing sludge discharge module can start the backflushing sludge discharge program when the pressure difference reaches the threshold, close input flow valve 7, and open sludge discharge switch valve 13 and backflushing switch valve 10 at the same time.

[0043] In this embodiment, the packing material 2 includes a mesoporous shell layer 14 and a core layer 15 arranged along the flow direction of the wastewater. The core layer 15 includes adsorbent biochar, and the mesoporous shell layer 14 includes macroporous activated carbon. A biofilm is inoculated onto the mesoporous shell layer 14. A surface modification layer is also coated on the mesoporous shell layer 14.

[0044] Specifically, the core layer 15 is an adsorbent biochar with micropores, possessing deep adsorption capacity but preventing bacterial colonies from entering. The mesoporous shell layer 14 is a large-pore activated carbon with pores of 50-100 nm, which facilitates biofilm fixation and growth. The biofilm-encapsulated EPS interpenetrates the pores, allowing wastewater to pass through and make full contact with the EPS. The surface modification layer includes sodium alginate coated on the mesoporous shell layer 14. Sodium alginate contains -NH2 groups, covalently immobilizing the bacteria and helping to reduce pore blockage.

[0045] As an optimization of this embodiment, the filler 2 is filled into the wire mesh basket 16, the upper end of the treatment pool 1 is open, and the inner side wall of the treatment pool 1 is provided with a radially protruding support boss 17, and the bottom outer edge of the wire mesh basket 16 abuts against the support boss 17.

[0046] Specifically, the wire mesh basket 16 is used to hold the packing material 2. Its bottom surface has mesh openings that prevent the packing material 2 from passing through, but allow wastewater to pass through. The wire mesh basket 16 and the packing material 2 are an independent component. The bottom of the wire mesh basket 16 rests against the support boss 17. This arrangement allows for flexible disassembly. Specifically, the treatment tank 1 and the wire mesh basket 16 are cylindrical with mutually compatible outer diameters, making installation easier.

[0047] The specific working principle is as follows: Wastewater is input from the bottom of the treatment tank 1 through the first water distributor assembly 5, and then flows upward, passing through the mesoporous shell layer 14 and the core layer 15 in sequence. The pores of the mesoporous shell layer 14 and the porous gel layer generated by the biofilm first adsorb some organic matter, while the biofilm degrades the organic matter. Then the core layer 15 further adsorbs organic matter. The peroxidase secreted by the biofilm enters the core layer 15 with the wastewater, further helping to degrade the adsorbed organic matter and release adsorption sites.

[0048] When the pressure difference is detected to be continuously increasing, that is, the load of surface organic matter exceeds the degradation rate, the control panel appropriately reduces the input rate of the input flow valve 7 to increase the contact time between the biofilm and the wastewater.

[0049] When the pressure difference reaches the threshold, indicating that the packing material 2 may be clogged, the control panel initiates continuous backwashing, closes the input flow valve 7, and opens the sludge discharge valve 13 and the backwash valve 10. Backwash water is introduced through the second water distributor assembly 9, flushing the packing material 2 from top to bottom, clearing blockages, and simultaneously removing some of the aged biofilm. Sediment at the bottom of the tank and impurities flushed down are discharged from the sludge discharge port 12. When the pressure difference drops to the preset value, the backwashing program is shut off, and wastewater is re-introduced for treatment.

[0050] The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative examples illustrating the spirit of this utility model. Those skilled in the art to which this utility model pertains may make various modifications or additions to the described specific embodiments or use similar methods to substitute them, without departing from the spirit of this utility model or exceeding the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A pretreatment device for the adsorption and slow release of organic matter, comprising a treatment tank (1), characterized in that, The treatment tank (1) is equipped with a packing material (2) capable of adsorbing organic matter, and the packing material (2) is inoculated with a biofilm capable of degrading organic matter; Pressure sensors (6) are respectively provided on the upstream and downstream sides of the packing (2). The pressure sensors (6) are electrically connected to the control panel. The inlet (3) of the treatment tank (1) is connected to an input flow valve (7) that is electrically connected to the control panel. The treatment tank (1) is also provided with a backflush port (8) located above the packing (2) on the side wall. The outer end of the backflush port (8) is connected to the backflush water supply device, and the inner end is detachably connected to the second water distributor assembly (9). The backflush port (8) is connected to the backflush switch valve (10), and the backflush switch valve (10) is connected to the control panel. The filler (2) is filled in the wire mesh basket (16), the upper end of the treatment pool (1) is open, and the inner side wall or bottom surface of the treatment pool (1) is provided with a support boss (17), and the bottom outer edge of the wire mesh basket (16) abuts against the support boss (17).

2. The pretreatment device for the adsorption and slow release of organic matter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The treatment tank (1) has an inlet (3) located below the packing material (2) and an outlet (4) located above the packing material (2) on its side wall. The outer end of the inlet (3) is connected to the wastewater pipeline, and the inner end is connected to the first water distributor assembly (5).

3. The pretreatment device for the adsorption and slow release of organic matter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biofilm includes Sphingomonas or Sphingomonas microalgae.

4. The pretreatment device for the adsorption and slow release of organic matter according to claim 3, characterized in that, The biofilm has an immobilization density of 107-108 CFU / g packing material, and slow-release nutrient balls are added to the packing material (2).

5. The pretreatment device for the adsorption and slow release of organic matter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The treatment tank (1) includes a conical bottom surface (11), and a sludge discharge port (12) is provided at the lowest point of the conical bottom surface (11). The sludge discharge port (12) is connected to a sludge discharge switch valve (13), and the sludge discharge switch valve (13) is electrically connected to the control panel.

6. The pretreatment device for the adsorption and slow release of organic matter according to claim 5, characterized in that, The control panel includes a differential pressure calculation module, an input flow control module, and a backwash sludge discharge module.

7. The pretreatment device for the adsorption and slow release of organic matter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The packing material (2) includes a mesoporous shell layer (14) and a core layer (15) arranged along the flow direction of the wastewater. The core layer (15) includes adsorbent biochar, and the mesoporous shell layer includes macroporous activated carbon. The biofilm is inoculated in the mesoporous shell layer (14).

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