Water level layered ecological revetment in arid region

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of arid zone ecological revetment based on water level stratification belongs to water conservancy ecological revetment technical field, to solve the technical problems of existing arid zone irrigation channel revetment lack of water level stratification design, protection and ecological function is difficult to cooperate, poor environmental adaptability. The ecological revetment is sequentially provided with slope top structure, above design water level slope structure, below design water level slope structure, slope foot structure and arc channel bottom structure from top to bottom along arid zone irrigation channel bank slope, and along the direction of water flow every 50m is provided with a rust-free fusion grid beam. The utility model is by "water level stratification design+material differentiation adaptation", so that water level above adsorption layer reduces saline-alkali ion concentration, vegetation survival rate reaches more than 90%, below water level pebble layer erosion resistance coefficient is improved by 30% compared with masonry structure, while realizing slope foot deformation resistance, aquatic organism habitat and water delivery efficiency improvement, suitable for water level dynamic change significant arid zone irrigation channel bank slope protection and ecological restoration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of ecological bank protection technology in water conservancy projects, and more specifically to an ecological bank protection method for arid areas based on water level stratification. Background Technology

[0002] Existing bank protection technologies have significant limitations in the application of water conveyance channels in arid areas, especially in areas with dynamic water level changes: (1) Concrete revetment has poor frost resistance, blocks water-soil exchange, and is not designed for the different areas above and below the water level. The underwater part is prone to surface peeling due to long-term soaking, and the above-water part lacks ecological integrity. (2) Masonry structures (such as CN220394415U) have no rigid connection between the stones, which poses a high risk of displacement under strong runoff impact, has a low anti-sliding coefficient, no filter layer in the gaps, and a high rate of fine particle loss, which can easily lead to the hollowing out of the bank slope. (3) Fully vegetated slope protection (such as CN212426956U) has low water conveyance efficiency due to high hydraulic roughness. During the irrigation season, the high flow rate and high velocity of water can easily cause the vegetation to be uprooted and cause local collapse.

[0003] (4) Existing technologies lack a layered structure design for “above and below the design water level”, and cannot simultaneously meet the needs of underwater scour resistance, above-water ecological restoration and stable connection between the slope toe and the canal bottom.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide a new type of ecological bank protection technology that can be designed in layers above and below the design water level, and simultaneously achieve "underwater erosion resistance, above-water ecological restoration, stable connection at the slope toe, and strong environmental adaptability" to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, meet the needs of coordinated optimization of "protection-ecology-efficiency" in irrigation channels in arid areas, and provide technical support for water resource security and ecological protection in arid areas is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides an ecological bank protection system for arid areas based on water level stratification.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: An ecological bank protection system for arid areas based on water level stratification includes a slope top structure, a bank slope structure, a slope toe structure, a channel bottom structure, and a grid beam structure. The bank slope structure includes a bank slope structure above the design water level and a bank slope structure below the design water level; the bank slope structure above the design water level includes a first permeable geotextile layer, an absorbent layer, a grass layer, and a first runoff-resistant net mat layer laid sequentially from bottom to top; the first permeable geotextile layer is fully laid on the bank slope base layer, the absorbent layer is compacted and laid on the first permeable geotextile layer, the grass layer covers the absorbent layer, and the first runoff-resistant net mat layer overlaps and covers the grass layer. The bank slope structure below the design water level includes a second permeable geotextile layer, a pebble layer, and a second runoff-resistant netting layer laid sequentially from bottom to top; the second permeable geotextile layer is fully laid on the bank slope base layer with an overlap width of ≥150mm, the pebble layer is compacted on the second permeable geotextile layer, and the second runoff-resistant netting layer wraps the pebble layer and its edges are fixed to the slope toe structure.

[0007] Preferably, the first permeable geotextile layer is a permeable geotextile filter layer; the adsorption layer is made of a mixture of modified zeolite, bentonite, and graded sand; the grass layer uses a mixture of tamarisk and willow grass; and the first runoff-resistant netting layer is made of polypropylene.

[0008] Preferably, the second permeable geotextile layer is made of water-resistant and corrosion-resistant permeable geotextile; the pebble layer is made of pebbles with a particle size of 50-100mm, which are laid in layers and compacted; and the second anti-runoff netting layer is made of underwater special anti-runoff netting.

[0009] Preferably, the slope toe structure includes a rust-free welded gabion and a third permeable geotextile layer, wherein the third permeable geotextile layer is also made of water-resistant and corrosion-resistant geotextile.

[0010] Preferably, the third permeable geotextile layer is fully laid at the junction of the channel bottom structure and the bank slope, the rust-free welded gabions are stacked in layers on the third permeable geotextile layer, and the inner side of the rust-free welded gabions is provided with grooves to be embedded into the edge of the third anti-runoff netting.

[0011] Preferably, the rust-free welded gabion is filled with pebbles in layers and compacted.

[0012] Preferably, the grid beam structure is a rust-free welded grid beam in the direction of water flow; and a rust-free welded grid beam is set every 50m along the irrigation channel in the direction of water flow.

[0013] Preferably, the channel bottom structure is an arc-shaped channel bottom structure, and the arc-shaped bottom of the arc-shaped channel bottom structure is tangentially embedded with the bottom of the gabion at the slope foot and is constructed using nano-permeable concrete.

[0014] As can be seen from the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the ecological bank protection method for arid areas based on water level stratification disclosed in this utility model has the following advantages: Advantage 1: Improved environmental adaptability The design incorporates a layered structure above and below the water level to specifically address the issue of alternating wet and dry conditions: the adsorption layer above the water level (modified zeolite + bentonite) reduces the concentration of salt and alkali ions by 40% to 60%, and when combined with the grass layer and cold- and drought-resistant plants, the vegetation survival rate is increased to over 90%; the pebble layer below the water level (particle size 50-100mm) has a scour resistance coefficient that is 30% higher than that of the masonry structure, making it suitable for long-term underwater immersion environments.

[0015] Advantage 2: Enhanced structural stability Above the water level, the "filter layer + adsorption layer + anti-runoff mesh" combined with T-shaped anchors and ground anchors forms a flexible constraint, improving the deformation resistance compared to rigid slope protection. Below the water level, the "permeable geotextile + pebble layer + anti-runoff mesh" combined with ground anchors provides three-dimensional fixation, increasing the anti-sliding stability coefficient. The combination of rust-free welded gabions and geotextiles at the slope toe forms a flexible constraint, improving the deformation resistance compared to concrete structures and adapting to uneven foundation settlement. The gabion pores can divert the impact force of water flow, and together with the geotextile, reduce the loss of fine particles, resulting in better erosion resistance than traditional masonry or concrete slope toes.

[0016] Advantage 3: Synergistic optimization of ecology and function The roots of cold-resistant and drought-resistant plants and the anti-runoff netting form a composite slope stabilization, effectively increasing the soil shear strength; the adsorption layer above the water level guides groundwater, while the pebble layer below the water level provides habitat for aquatic organisms, realizing the connection of the "above-below" ecological chain; the arc-shaped channel bottom combined with the slope toe concrete design reduces head loss and improves water conveyance efficiency compared to traditional structures. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 The attached figure is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the irrigation canal and slope protection in this utility model.

[0019] Figure 2 The attached figure is a schematic diagram showing a partial detail of the cross-section of the bank slope structure above the design water level in this utility model.

[0020] Figure 3 The attached figure is a schematic diagram showing a partial detail of the cross-section of the bank slope structure below the design water level in this utility model.

[0021] Figure 4 The attached figure is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the irrigation canal and slope protection in this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0023] like Figures 1-4 As shown, this utility model provides an ecological bank protection system for arid areas based on water level stratification, comprising a slope top structure 10, a bank slope structure 20, a slope toe structure 30, a channel bottom structure 40, and a grid beam structure 50. The bank slope structure 20 includes a bank slope structure 21 above the design water level and a bank slope structure 22 below the design water level. The bank slope structure 21 above the design water level includes a first permeable geotextile layer 211, an adsorption layer 212, a grass layer 213, and a first runoff-resistant net mat layer 214 laid sequentially from bottom to top. The first permeable geotextile layer 211 is fully laid on the bank slope base layer. The adsorption layer 212 is compacted and laid on the first permeable geotextile layer 211. The grass layer 213 covers the adsorption layer 212. The first runoff-resistant net mat layer 214 overlaps and covers the grass layer 213.

[0024] Furthermore, the first permeable geotextile layer 211 is a permeable geotextile filter layer, specifically using a permeable geotextile with a basis weight of 200g / m² (polyester fiber material, with aging resistance suitable for strong ultraviolet environment in arid areas), and its filtration accuracy is to block particles larger than 0.07mm (to prevent fine particles of the slope base layer from being lost with rainwater or channel overflow water, and to avoid hollowing out the inside of the slope).

[0025] Laying method: Fully cover the surface of the slope base layer. When laying, ensure that the geotextile is tightly attached to the base layer and the overlap width of adjacent geotextiles is ≥100mm (to avoid soil leakage at the overlap).

[0026] Furthermore, the adsorption layer 212 is made of a mixture of modified zeolite (30%), bentonite (20%), and graded sand (50%) (modified zeolite enhances the adsorption capacity of salt and alkali ions, bentonite improves water retention, and graded sand ensures air permeability). Laying method: Compacted and laid on top of the first permeable geotextile layer, with a thickness of 150-200mm after compaction.

[0027] Furthermore, the grass layer 213 uses a mixture of tamarisk and willow grass, with a seeding rate of 20-30 g / m². Sowing and maintenance: After sowing, cover the seeds with a layer of non-woven fabric to prevent them from being blown away by the wind or washed away by the rain. Remove the non-woven fabric when the seedlings reach a height of about 50mm to ensure that the survival rate of the vegetation is ≥90%.

[0028] Furthermore, the first anti-runoff netting layer 214 is made of polypropylene, with a mesh size of 20mm×20mm (balancing permeability and tensile strength) and an elongation rate of ≥18% (to adapt to minor deformations of the bank slope and prevent the netting from breaking).

[0029] The bank slope structure 21 above the design water level is also equipped with T-shaped anchor nails 60 and ground anchor nails 70. The T-shaped anchor nails 60 and ground anchor nails 70 penetrate the first anti-runoff net mat layer 214 and the absorbent layer 212. Specifically, the T-shaped anchor nails 60 and ground anchor nails 70 are anchored into the bank slope base layer at a depth of about 300mm to fix the first permeable geotextile layer 211, the absorbent layer 212, the grass layer 213 and the first anti-runoff net mat layer 214.

[0030] The bank slope structure 22 below the design water level includes a second permeable geotextile layer 221, a pebble layer 222, and a second runoff-resistant netting layer 223 laid sequentially from bottom to top. The second permeable geotextile layer 221 is fully laid on the bank slope base layer with an overlap width of ≥150mm. The pebble layer 222 is compacted on the second permeable geotextile layer 221. The second runoff-resistant netting layer 223 wraps around the pebble layer 222 and its edges are fixed to the slope toe structure 30. The bank slope structure 22 below the design water level is also equipped with T-shaped anchor nails 60 and ground anchor nails 70. The T-shaped anchor nails 60 and ground anchor nails 70 are inserted into the bank slope base layer at a 45° angle to fix the second permeable geotextile layer 221, the pebble layer 222, and the second runoff-resistant netting layer 223.

[0031] Furthermore, the second permeable geotextile layer 221 is made of a water-resistant permeable geotextile with a weight of 300g / m², which has hydrolysis resistance suitable for long-term underwater environment and enhanced immersion resistance. Laying method: Fully lay on the base layer of the bank slope, with an overlap width of ≥150mm between adjacent geotextiles (the overlap width needs to be increased in underwater environments to prevent water from seeping into the base layer from the overlap). After laying, sandbags need to be used for temporary ballast to prevent water from eroding and shifting the geotextile.

[0032] Furthermore, the pebble layer 222 is made of pebbles with a particle size of 50-100mm, and is laid in layers with compaction. Each layer is ≤100mm thick (compaction ensures uniform porosity), and the total thickness is 200-250mm. The porosity of the pebble layer is controlled at 30%~40% (to ensure erosion resistance and provide habitat for small aquatic organisms, thus achieving underwater ecological connectivity).

[0033] Furthermore, the second anti-runoff netting layer 223 adopts an underwater special anti-runoff netting with a mesh size of 15mm×15mm (closer than the netting above the water level, enhancing the wrapping force on the pebble layer); the fixing method is as follows: after wrapping the pebble layer, the edge extends to the slope toe structure 30 and is fixed; at the same time, T-shaped anchor nails 60 and ground anchor nails 70 of the same specifications as those above the water level (spacing 1.5m×1.5m, 1m×1m) are used, with an anchoring depth of 300mm.

[0034] The width of the slope top structure 10 is 1.5-2m. Cold-resistant and drought-tolerant trees are planted in strips on the slope top structure 10. The spacing between the cold-resistant and drought-tolerant trees is 200-300mm and the root depth is ≥300mm. The edge of the slope top structure 10 is equipped with a 100mm high curb stone. Specifically, the slope top is the horizontal protection and ecological zone at the top of the revetment, with a width of 1.5-2m (adapted to the conventional width of the channel bank in arid areas, taking into account both construction convenience and ecological space). In specific implementation, it can be slightly adjusted according to the actual width of the channel bank. Cold-resistant and drought-tolerant trees such as Populus euphratica are used and planted in strips. The spacing between the trees is strictly controlled at 200-300mm (to ensure uniform root distribution and avoid competition for nutrients). When planting, it is necessary to ensure that the Populus euphratica root depth is ≥300mm (to penetrate deep into the base layer of the bank slope, enhance the anchoring force of the slope top soil, and prevent the loss of topsoil).

[0035] The slope toe structure 30 includes a rust-free welded gabion 301 and a third permeable geotextile layer 302. The third permeable geotextile layer 302 is also made of water-resistant and corrosion-resistant geotextile. The third permeable geotextile layer 302 is fully laid at the junction of the channel bottom structure 40 and the bank slope. The rust-free welded gabion 301 is stacked in layers on the third permeable geotextile layer 302, and the inner side of the rust-free welded gabion 301 is provided with a 100mm×100mm groove, which is embedded in the edge of the third anti-runoff mesh 303. The junctions of the rust-free welded gabion 301 with the bank slope structure above the design water level and the bank slope structure below the design water level are both provided with a 500mm groove. A wide transition zone of graded sand and gravel is provided to avoid cracks caused by deformation differences between different structures. Furthermore, the rust-free welded gabion 301 is made of low-carbon steel wire with a zinc-10% aluminum-rare earth alloy coating. The stacking height of the rust-free welded gabion 301 is controlled at 500-800mm (adjusted according to the channel water depth to ensure that the top of the gabion is 100mm higher than the normal water level in winter, as shown in Figure 1).

[0036] Furthermore, the rust-free welded gabion 301 is filled with pebbles with a particle size of 150-250mm (compatible with the arc-shaped structure of the channel bottom). During filling, it is necessary to compact the pebbles in layers to ensure that the porosity is ≤30% (to avoid the pebbles from loosening and causing the gabion to deform).

[0037] The channel bottom structure 40 is an arc-shaped channel bottom structure. The channel bottom is made of nano-permeable concrete. The radius of the arc-shaped channel bottom structure R = 2-3m (adjusted according to the channel design flow rate, with the upper limit taken when the flow rate is large to reduce head loss). The arc-shaped bottom is tangentially fitted to the bottom of the gabion at the slope foot (as shown in Figure 1). During pouring, it is necessary to ensure that the interface between the gabion and the concrete is tight to prevent water from seeping from the joint.

[0038] The grid beam structure 50 is specifically a rust-free welded grid beam in the direction of water flow; to enhance the overall stability of the revetment along the water flow direction, a rust-free welded grid beam is installed every 50m along the irrigation canal in the direction of water flow (e.g., Figure 4 As shown), specifically: the grid beam size is 500mm×800mm, and it is made of the same zinc-10% aluminum-rare earth alloy coated low carbon steel wire as the slope toe gabion. The grid size is 100mm×100mm (to facilitate filling with pebbles); the grid beam is filled with pebbles, with a minimum particle size >100mm, a maximum particle size ≤250mm, and more than 90% of the particles having a particle size ≥160mm (to ensure dense filling and avoid deformation).

[0039] Compared with existing technologies, the ecological bank protection method for arid areas based on water level stratification proposed in this utility model has the following advantages: Advantage 1: Improved environmental adaptability The design incorporates a layered structure above and below the water level to specifically address the issue of alternating wet and dry conditions: the adsorption layer above the water level (modified zeolite + bentonite) reduces the concentration of salt and alkali ions by 40% to 60%, and when combined with the grass layer and cold- and drought-resistant plants, the vegetation survival rate is increased to over 90%; the pebble layer below the water level (particle size 50-100mm) has a scour resistance coefficient that is 30% higher than that of the masonry structure, making it suitable for long-term underwater immersion environments.

[0040] Advantage 2: Enhanced structural stability Above the water level, the "filter layer + adsorption layer + anti-runoff mesh" combined with T-shaped anchors and ground anchors forms a flexible constraint, improving the deformation resistance compared to rigid slope protection. Below the water level, the "permeable geotextile + pebble layer + anti-runoff mesh" combined with ground anchors provides three-dimensional fixation, increasing the anti-sliding stability coefficient. The combination of rust-free welded gabions and geotextiles at the slope toe forms a flexible constraint, improving the deformation resistance compared to concrete structures and adapting to uneven foundation settlement. The gabion pores can divert the impact force of water flow, and together with the geotextile, reduce the loss of fine particles, resulting in better erosion resistance than traditional masonry or concrete slope toes.

[0041] Advantage 3: Synergistic optimization of ecology and function The roots of cold-resistant and drought-resistant plants and the anti-runoff netting form a composite slope stabilization, effectively increasing the soil shear strength; the adsorption layer above the water level guides groundwater, while the pebble layer below the water level provides habitat for aquatic organisms, realizing the connection of the "above-below" ecological chain; the arc-shaped channel bottom combined with the slope toe concrete design reduces head loss and improves water conveyance efficiency compared to traditional structures.

[0042] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An ecological bank protection system for arid regions based on water level stratification, characterized in that, include: The top structure (10), the bank slope structure (20), the toe structure (30), the bottom structure (40), and the grid beam structure (50); The bank slope structure (20) includes a bank slope structure (21) above the design water level and a bank slope structure (22) below the design water level; the bank slope structure (21) above the design water level includes a first permeable geotextile layer (211), an adsorption layer (212), a grass layer (213), and a first runoff-resistant net mat layer (214) laid sequentially from bottom to top; the first permeable geotextile layer (211) is fully laid on the bank slope base layer, the adsorption layer (212) is compacted and laid on the first permeable geotextile layer (211), the grass layer (213) covers the adsorption layer (212), and the first runoff-resistant net mat layer (214) overlaps and covers the grass layer (213); The bank slope structure (22) below the design water level includes a second permeable geotextile layer (221), a pebble layer (222), and a second runoff-resistant netting layer (223) laid sequentially from bottom to top. The second permeable geotextile layer (221) is fully laid on the bank slope base layer with an overlap width of ≥150mm. The pebble layer (222) is compacted on the second permeable geotextile layer (221). The second runoff-resistant netting layer (223) wraps the pebble layer (222) and its edges are fixed to the slope toe structure (30).

2. The arid zone ecological bank protection system based on water level stratification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first permeable geotextile layer (211) is a permeable geotextile filter layer; the first anti-runoff mesh layer (214) is an anti-runoff mesh made of polypropylene.

3. The arid zone ecological bank protection system based on water level stratification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second permeable geotextile layer (221) is made of water-resistant and corrosion-resistant permeable geotextile; the pebble layer (222) is made of pebbles with a particle size of 50-100mm, which are laid in layers and compacted; the second anti-runoff netting layer (223) is made of underwater special anti-runoff netting.

4. The arid zone ecological bank protection system based on water level stratification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slope toe structure (30) includes a rust-free welded gabion (301) and a third permeable geotextile layer (302), which is also made of water-resistant and corrosion-resistant geotextile.

5. The arid zone ecological bank protection system based on water level stratification according to claim 4, characterized in that, The third permeable geotextile layer (302) is fully laid at the junction of the channel bottom structure (40) and the bank slope. The rust-free welded gabion (301) is stacked in layers on the third permeable geotextile layer (302). The inner side of the rust-free welded gabion (301) is provided with a groove for embedding into the edge of the third anti-runoff net mat (303).

6. The arid zone ecological bank protection system based on water level stratification according to claim 5, characterized in that, The rust-free welded gabion (301) is filled with pebbles in layers and compacted.

7. The arid zone ecological bank protection system based on water level stratification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grid beam structure (50) is specifically a rust-free welded grid beam in the direction of water flow; and a rust-free welded grid beam is set every 50m along the irrigation channel in the direction of water flow.

8. The arid zone ecological bank protection system based on water level stratification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The channel bottom structure (40) is an arc-shaped channel bottom structure. The arc-shaped bottom of the arc-shaped channel bottom structure (40) is tangentially embedded with the bottom of the slope foot gabion (301) and is cast with nano-permeable concrete.

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