A flexible bearing structure for tunnel yielding support

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of flexible bearing structure of tunnel yielding support, belong to tunnel engineering support technical field, its technical scheme main point: the flexible bearing structure of tunnel yielding support is composed of steel arch, flexible bearing main body, yielding component and connecting component;The flexible bearing main body is arranged at the outside of steel arch, and the flexible bearing main body includes outer layer flexible protective layer, intermediate bearing layer and inner layer constraint layer;It is solved that existing can only be aimed at yielding adjustment of arch vertical stress, cannot comprehensively undertake and yield to annular surrounding rock pressure of tunnel, difficult to adapt to the demand of surrounding rock all-around deformation, and it is not set with the flexible bearing component that directly adheres to surrounding rock, the adhesion between section steel arch and surrounding rock is poor, cannot give full play to the self-supporting capacity of surrounding rock, lead to the overall bearing efficiency of support system is lower, and local stress concentration phenomenon easily appears, thereby not conducive to the problem of use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel engineering support technology, and in particular to a flexible load-bearing structure for tunnel pressure relief support. Background Technology

[0002] During tunnel excavation, especially under complex geological conditions such as soft rock, fractured zones, and high ground stress, the surrounding rock will undergo significant deformation and displacement. Traditional tunnel support structures mostly adopt rigid supports, such as reinforced concrete lining and steel frames. These rigid structures have strong load-bearing capacity but poor deformation capacity, making it difficult to adapt to the large deformation requirements of the surrounding rock. When the deformation pressure of the surrounding rock exceeds the bearing limit of the rigid support, it is easy to cause cracking, damage, or even collapse of the support structure. This not only affects the safety of tunnel construction but also increases the cost of later maintenance and reinforcement. In order to solve the defects of rigid support, some pressure-relief support structures have emerged. By setting pressure-relief devices, some of the surrounding rock pressure is released, reducing the load borne by the support structure.

[0003] How to ensure that the steel arch frame used as initial support provides good initial support force to the surrounding rock after installation, and achieves pressure relief function when the surrounding rock pressure is large in the later stage, has become a problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.

[0004] Existing patent (publication number: CN219119272U) discloses a tunnel initial support structure with hydraulic pressure relief function, relating to the field of tunnel engineering technology. It includes a steel arch frame installed after tunnel excavation and initial shotcreting of the surrounding rock, and a hydraulic pressure relief device. The steel arch frame includes an upper arch frame and a lower support frame. The hydraulic pressure relief device is installed between the upper arch frame and the lower support frame, and includes a telescopic component connected to the upper arch frame, a hydraulic cylinder connected to both the telescopic component and the lower support frame, and a pressure relief mechanism connected to the hydraulic cylinder's oil valve, with the pressure relief set to 80%–90% of the compressive bearing capacity of the steel arch frame. Through this design, the utility model can form a joint support system with the weak surrounding rock after the steel arch frame is installed, providing good support capacity to the surrounding rock, and achieving the effects of increased resistance and constant resistance pressure relief when the surrounding rock pressure is high in the later stages.

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, existing patents offer solutions, but they can only adjust the pressure relief for the vertical stress on the arch frame, failing to fully bear and relieve the circumferential pressure of the surrounding rock in the tunnel. This makes it difficult to adapt to the omnidirectional deformation of the surrounding rock. Furthermore, they lack flexible load-bearing components that directly contact the surrounding rock, resulting in poor contact between the steel arch frame and the surrounding rock. This prevents the full utilization of the surrounding rock's self-supporting capacity, leading to low overall load-bearing efficiency of the support system and a tendency for localized stress concentration, thus hindering its usability.

[0006] Therefore, a flexible load-bearing structure for tunnel pressure relief support is proposed. Utility Model Content

[0007] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a flexible load-bearing structure for tunnel pressure relief support, which can solve the problems of existing structures that can only adjust the pressure relief for the vertical force of the arch frame, cannot fully bear and relieve the circumferential pressure of the surrounding rock of the tunnel, are difficult to adapt to the needs of all-round deformation of the surrounding rock, and do not have flexible load-bearing components that are directly attached to the surrounding rock. The fit between the steel arch frame and the surrounding rock is poor, which cannot fully utilize the self-supporting capacity of the surrounding rock. This results in low overall load-bearing efficiency of the support system and is prone to local stress concentration, which is not conducive to its use.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a flexible load-bearing structure for tunnel pressure relief support, wherein the flexible load-bearing structure for tunnel pressure relief support consists of a steel arch frame, a flexible load-bearing body, pressure relief components, and connecting components;

[0009] The flexible load-bearing body is set on the outside of the steel arch frame. The flexible load-bearing body includes an outer flexible protective layer, a middle load-bearing layer and an inner constraint layer. The outer flexible protective layer is made of rubber material, the middle load-bearing layer is woven from carbon fiber reinforced composite material, and the inner constraint layer is made of high-strength polyester fiber cloth.

[0010] The pressure-relief component is disposed between the flexible load-bearing body and the steel arch frame, and the connecting component is disposed at the connection between the pressure-relief component and the flexible load-bearing body and the steel arch frame.

[0011] Preferably, the pressure relief assembly includes a pressure relief cylinder, a piston block is provided at the top of the inner cavity of the pressure relief cylinder, a piston rod is provided at the top of the piston block, and the top of the piston rod extends to the outside of the pressure relief cylinder.

[0012] Preferably, a disc spring assembly is fixedly connected between the bottom of the piston block and the bottom of the inner wall of the pressure-relief cylinder. The inner cavity of the disc spring assembly is provided with a damping telescopic rod, and the upper and lower ends of the damping telescopic rod are fixedly connected to the bottom of the piston block and the bottom of the inner wall of the pressure-relief cylinder, respectively.

[0013] Preferably, the top of the pressure cylinder has a first through hole for use with the piston rod, and a sealing ring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first through hole, and the inner wall of the sealing ring is in close contact with the surface of the piston rod.

[0014] Preferably, the connecting assembly includes two fixed seats and two snap-fit ​​blocks. The two fixed seats are respectively fixedly connected to the outer side of the steel arch frame and the inner side of the inner constraint layer of the flexible load-bearing body. The fixed seats and the inner constraint layer are connected by vulcanization. The two snap-fit ​​blocks are respectively fixedly connected to the bottom of the pressure relief cylinder and the top of the piston rod. A U-shaped positioning block is fixedly connected between the two fixed seats, and the two snap-fit ​​blocks are respectively snapped into the two U-shaped positioning blocks.

[0015] Preferably, a connecting bolt is provided on the left side of the U-shaped positioning block, and the connecting bolt passes through the U-shaped positioning block and the snap-fit ​​block in sequence on the right side. A fixing nut is threadedly connected to the right side of the surface of the connecting bolt. The bolt head of the connecting bolt is in close contact with the left side of the U-shaped positioning block, and the left side of the fixing nut is in close contact with the right side of the U-shaped positioning block.

[0016] Preferably, the U-shaped positioning block has a second through hole on both sides for use with the connecting bolt, and the snap-fit ​​block has a through hole on the left side for use with the connecting bolt. The surface of the connecting bolt contacts the inner wall of the second through hole and the through hole respectively.

[0017] Preferably, the number of the pressure-relief components and connecting components is several, and they are evenly distributed between the steel arch frame and the flexible load-bearing body.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0019] 1. By setting up a flexible load-bearing body, the outer flexible protective layer of the flexible load-bearing body is made of rubber, which can fit tightly with the surrounding rock, improving the fit between the support structure and the surrounding rock. The middle load-bearing layer is made of carbon fiber reinforced composite material, which has both high strength and high flexibility, and can adapt to the all-round large deformation requirements of the surrounding rock, effectively avoiding local stress concentration. The inner constraint layer is made of high-strength polyester fiber cloth, which can prevent the middle load-bearing layer from being excessively stretched or damaged during the deformation process, thus improving the overall structural stability of the flexible load-bearing body.

[0020] 2. By setting up the pressure-relief component, this application can fully bear and uniformly distribute the pressure of the surrounding rock in the circumferential direction of the tunnel, breaking the limitation of the existing technology that can only adjust the pressure relief for vertical forces. It can adapt to the needs of all-round deformation of the surrounding rock, further improving the overall stability and applicability of the support system. Through the setting of the connecting component, the pressure-relief component can be quickly positioned, installed and connected to the steel arch frame and the flexible load-bearing body, which facilitates the disassembly, maintenance or replacement of the pressure-relief component in the later stage. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of the flexible load-bearing structure for tunnel pressure relief support according to this utility model;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the pressure relief component and the connecting component in this utility model;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the pressure relief component in this utility model;

[0024] Figure 4 In this utility model Figure 3 The split structure diagram;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a split structural diagram of the connecting component in this utility model.

[0026] In the diagram, 1. Steel arch frame; 2. Flexible load-bearing main body; 21. Outer flexible protective layer; 22. Middle load-bearing layer; 23. Inner constraint layer; 3. Pressure relief assembly; 31. Pressure relief cylinder; 32. Piston block; 33. Piston rod; 34. Disc spring assembly; 35. Damping telescopic rod; 4. Connecting assembly; 41. Fixing seat; 42. Clip block; 43. U-shaped positioning block; 44. Connecting bolt; 45. Fixing nut; 5. First through hole; 6. Sealing ring; 7. Second through hole; 8. Perforation. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0028] Please see Figure 1-5 The present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0029] A flexible load-bearing structure for tunnel pressure relief support, comprising a steel arch frame 1, a flexible load-bearing body 2, pressure relief components 3, and connecting components 4;

[0030] The flexible load-bearing body 2 is set on the outside of the steel arch frame 1. The flexible load-bearing body 2 includes an outer flexible protective layer 21, a middle load-bearing layer 22 and an inner constraint layer 23. The outer flexible protective layer 21 is made of rubber, the middle load-bearing layer 22 is woven from carbon fiber reinforced composite material, and the inner constraint layer 23 is made of high-strength polyester fiber cloth.

[0031] The pressure relief component 3 is disposed between the flexible load-bearing body 2 and the steel arch frame 1, and the connecting component 4 is disposed at the connection between the pressure relief component 3 and the flexible load-bearing body 2 and the steel arch frame 1.

[0032] In this embodiment: by setting up a steel arch frame 1, a flexible bearing body 2, a pressure-relief component 3, and a connecting component 4, during use, the steel arch frame 1 provides a supporting foundation. The flexible bearing body 2, with its outer flexible protective layer 21 made of rubber, can tightly adhere to the surrounding rock, improving the fit between the support structure and the surrounding rock. The middle bearing layer 22 is made of carbon fiber reinforced composite material, possessing both high strength and high flexibility, adapting to the all-round large deformation requirements of the surrounding rock and effectively avoiding local stress concentration. The inner constraint layer 23 is made of high-strength polyester fiber cloth, which can prevent… The intermediate bearing layer 22 may experience excessive stretching or damage during the deformation process, which improves the overall structural stability of the flexible bearing body 2. By setting the pressure relief component 3, it can fully bear and uniformly relieve the pressure of the surrounding rock in the tunnel circumferential direction, breaking the limitation of the existing technology that can only adjust the pressure relief for vertical forces. It can adapt to the needs of all-round deformation of the surrounding rock, further improving the overall stability and applicability of the support system. By setting the connecting component 4, the pressure relief component 3 can be quickly positioned, installed and fixed to the steel arch frame 1 and the flexible bearing body 2, which facilitates the disassembly, maintenance or replacement of the pressure relief component 3 in the later stage.

[0033] Specifically, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the pressure relief assembly 3 includes a pressure relief cylinder 31, a piston block 32 is provided at the top of the inner cavity of the pressure relief cylinder 31, a piston rod 33 is provided at the top of the piston block 32, and the top of the piston rod 33 extends through to the outside of the pressure relief cylinder 31.

[0034] Specifically, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, a disc spring assembly 34 is fixedly connected between the bottom of the piston block 32 and the bottom of the inner wall of the pressure relief cylinder 31. A damping telescopic rod 35 is provided in the inner cavity of the disc spring assembly 34. The upper and lower ends of the damping telescopic rod 35 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the piston block 32 and the bottom of the inner wall of the pressure relief cylinder 31, respectively.

[0035] Specifically, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the top of the pressure cylinder 31 is provided with a first through hole 5 that cooperates with the piston rod 33. A sealing ring 6 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first through hole 5, and the inner wall of the sealing ring 6 is in close contact with the surface of the piston rod 33.

[0036] In this embodiment: by setting up a pressure-relief cylinder 31, piston block 32, piston rod 33, disc spring assembly 34, damping telescopic rod 35, first through hole 5, and sealing ring 6, during use, the pressure is transmitted to the piston rod 33. Under the action of pressure, the piston rod 33 pushes the piston block 32 inside the pressure-relief cylinder 31 to slide into the cylinder. The piston block 32 compresses the disc spring assembly 34 at the bottom, and at the same time, the damping telescopic rod 35 in its inner cavity contracts slowly. The pressure relief function is achieved through the elastic deformation of the disc spring assembly 34, releasing part of the surrounding rock pressure. The damping telescopic rod 35 effectively buffers the impact load during the pressure relief process, avoiding... When the structure is damaged and the surrounding rock pressure stabilizes, the disc spring assembly 34 generates an elastic restoring force, which pushes the piston block 32 and piston rod 33 back to their original positions. The piston rod 33 applies a reverse support force to the flexible bearing body 2 through the connecting assembly 4. The flexible bearing body 2 then provides stable support to the surrounding rock through the outer flexible protective layer 21. The first through hole 5 allows the piston rod 33 to slide up and down through the pressure-relieving cylinder 31. The sealing ring 6 seals the piston rod 33 and the first through hole 5, preventing the disc spring assembly 34 and the damping telescopic rod 35 from being corroded by external factors and reducing their pressure-relieving performance.

[0037] Specifically, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5 As shown, the connecting assembly 4 includes two fixed seats 41 and two snap-fit ​​blocks 42. The two fixed seats 41 are respectively fixedly connected to the outer side of the steel arch frame 1 and the inner side of the inner constraint layer 23 of the flexible bearing body 2. The fixed seats 41 and the inner constraint layer 23 are connected by vulcanization. The two snap-fit ​​blocks 42 are respectively fixedly connected to the bottom of the pressure cylinder 31 and the top of the piston rod 33. U-shaped positioning blocks 43 are fixedly connected between the two fixed seats 41, and the two snap-fit ​​blocks 42 are respectively snapped into the two U-shaped positioning blocks 43.

[0038] Specifically, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5 As shown, a connecting bolt 44 is provided on the left side of the U-shaped positioning block 43. The connecting bolt 44 passes through the U-shaped positioning block 43 and the snap-fit ​​block 42 in sequence on the right side. A fixing nut 45 is threadedly connected to the right side of the surface of the connecting bolt 44. The bolt head of the connecting bolt 44 is in close contact with the left side of the U-shaped positioning block 43, and the left side of the fixing nut 45 is in close contact with the right side of the U-shaped positioning block 43.

[0039] Specifically, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the U-shaped positioning block 43 has second through holes 7 on both sides for use with connecting bolts 44, and the snap-fit ​​block 42 has a through hole 8 on the left side for use with connecting bolts 44. The surface of the connecting bolts 44 contacts the inner walls of the second through holes 7 and the through hole 8 respectively.

[0040] In this embodiment: by setting a fixed base 41, a snap-fit ​​block 42, a U-shaped positioning block 43, a connecting bolt 44, a fixing nut 45, a second through hole 7, and a through hole 8, in use, the snap-fit ​​block 42 at the bottom of the pressure relief cylinder 31 can be snapped into the U-shaped positioning block 43 corresponding to the fixed base 41 on the outer side of the steel arch frame 1, and the snap-fit ​​block 42 at the top of the piston rod 33 can be snapped into the U-shaped positioning block 43 corresponding to the fixed base 41 on the inner side of the inner constraint layer 23 of the flexible bearing body 2. Then, after the connecting bolt 44 passes through the second through hole 7 of the U-shaped positioning block 43 and the through hole 8 of the snap-fit ​​block 42, it is locked and fixed with the fixing nut 45, thus completing the installation of the pressure relief assembly 3. The reverse operation can be used to disassemble, maintain, or replace it, which is quite convenient.

[0041] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, there are several pressure-relieving components 3 and connecting components 4, which are evenly distributed between the steel arch frame 1 and the flexible load-bearing body 2.

[0042] In this embodiment, by setting multiple pressure relief components 3 and connecting components 4, the pressure relief support stability of the flexible load-bearing body 2 can be increased.

[0043] Working principle: In use, first, evenly install each pressure-relief component 3 between the steel arch frame 1 and the flexible bearing body 2. The snap-fit ​​block 42 at the bottom of the pressure-relief cylinder 31 can be snapped into the corresponding U-shaped positioning block 43 of the outer fixing seat 41 of the steel arch frame 1. The snap-fit ​​block 42 at the top of the piston rod 33 can be snapped into the corresponding U-shaped positioning block 43 of the inner fixing seat 41 of the inner constraint layer 23 of the flexible bearing body 2. Then, after the connecting bolt 44 passes through the second through hole 7 of the U-shaped positioning block 43 and the through hole 8 of the snap-fit ​​block 42, it is locked in place with the fixing nut 45. The installation of the paired pressure-relief components 3 is relatively convenient; disassembly, maintenance, or replacement can be performed by reversing the operation. When the surrounding rock deforms and generates pressure, the pressure is first transmitted to the outer flexible protective layer 21 of the flexible bearing body 2. The outer flexible protective layer 21, with its flexible rubber material, adapts to the initial deformation of the surrounding rock and simultaneously transmits the pressure evenly to the intermediate bearing layer 22. The intermediate bearing layer 22, utilizing the high strength and high flexibility of carbon fiber reinforced composite materials, further bears the pressure and transmits it through the inner constraint layer 23 to the pistons of each pressure-relief component 3. Under pressure, piston rod 33 pushes piston block 32 inside pressure cylinder 31 to slide inward. Piston block 32 compresses disc spring assembly 34 at the bottom, while damping telescopic rod 35 in its inner cavity contracts slowly. The elastic deformation of disc spring assembly 34 achieves the pressure relief function, releasing some of the surrounding rock pressure. Damping telescopic rod 35 effectively buffers the impact load during the pressure relief process, preventing structural damage. When the surrounding rock pressure stabilizes, disc spring assembly 34 generates elastic restoring force, pushing piston block 32 and piston rod 33 back to their original positions. The connecting component 4 applies a reverse support force to the flexible bearing body 2, which in turn provides stable support to the surrounding rock through the outer flexible protective layer 21. At the same time, the inner constraint layer 23, with the characteristics of high-strength polyester fiber cloth, provides constraint and protection to the intermediate bearing layer 22, preventing it from being overstretched or damaged. Ultimately, this achieves comprehensive bearing and uniform pressure relief of the surrounding rock pressure in the tunnel circumferential direction, breaking the limitation of existing technologies that can only adjust pressure relief for vertical forces. It can adapt to the needs of all-round deformation of the surrounding rock and ensure the safety and stability of the tunnel support system.

[0044] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A flexible load-bearing structure for tunnel pressure relief support, characterized in that: The flexible bearing structure of the tunnel pressure relief support consists of a steel arch frame (1), a flexible bearing body (2), a pressure relief component (3), and a connecting component (4); The flexible load-bearing body (2) is set on the outside of the steel arch frame (1). The flexible load-bearing body (2) includes an outer flexible protective layer (21), a middle load-bearing layer (22) and an inner constraint layer (23). The outer flexible protective layer (21) is made of rubber, the middle load-bearing layer (22) is woven from carbon fiber reinforced composite material, and the inner constraint layer (23) is made of high-strength polyester fiber cloth. The pressure relief component (3) is disposed between the flexible bearing body (2) and the steel arch frame (1), and the connecting component (4) is disposed at the connection between the pressure relief component (3) and the flexible bearing body (2) and the steel arch frame (1).

2. The flexible load-bearing structure for tunnel pressure relief support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure relief assembly (3) includes a pressure relief cylinder (31), a piston block (32) is provided at the top of the inner cavity of the pressure relief cylinder (31), a piston rod (33) is provided at the top of the piston block (32), and the top of the piston rod (33) extends to the outside of the pressure relief cylinder (31).

3. The flexible load-bearing structure for tunnel pressure relief support according to claim 2, characterized in that: A disc spring assembly (34) is fixedly connected between the bottom of the piston block (32) and the bottom of the inner wall of the pressure relief cylinder (31). A damping telescopic rod (35) is provided in the inner cavity of the disc spring assembly (34). The upper and lower ends of the damping telescopic rod (35) are fixedly connected to the bottom of the piston block (32) and the bottom of the inner wall of the pressure relief cylinder (31), respectively.

4. The flexible load-bearing structure for tunnel pressure relief support according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top of the pressure cylinder (31) is provided with a first through hole (5) that cooperates with the piston rod (33). A sealing ring (6) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first through hole (5), and the inner wall of the sealing ring (6) is in close contact with the surface of the piston rod (33).

5. The flexible load-bearing structure for tunnel pressure relief support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting assembly (4) includes two fixed seats (41) and two snap-fit ​​blocks (42). The two fixed seats (41) are fixedly connected to the outer side of the steel arch frame (1) and the inner side of the inner constraint layer (23) of the flexible bearing body (2), respectively. The fixed seats (41) and the inner constraint layer (23) are connected by vulcanization. The two snap-fit ​​blocks (42) are fixedly connected to the bottom of the pressure relief cylinder (31) and the top of the piston rod (33), respectively. U-shaped positioning blocks (43) are fixedly connected between the two fixed seats (41), and the two snap-fit ​​blocks (42) are snapped into the two U-shaped positioning blocks (43), respectively.

6. The flexible load-bearing structure for tunnel pressure relief support according to claim 5, characterized in that: A connecting bolt (44) is provided on the left side of the U-shaped positioning block (43). The connecting bolt (44) passes through the U-shaped positioning block (43) and the snap-fit ​​block (42) in sequence on the right side. A fixing nut (45) is threadedly connected to the right side of the surface of the connecting bolt (44). The bolt head of the connecting bolt (44) is in close contact with the left side of the U-shaped positioning block (43), and the left side of the fixing nut (45) is in close contact with the right side of the U-shaped positioning block (43).

7. A flexible load-bearing structure for tunnel pressure relief support according to claim 6, characterized in that: The U-shaped positioning block (43) has a second through hole (7) on both sides for use with the connecting bolt (44), and the snap-fit ​​block (42) has a through hole (8) on the left side for use with the connecting bolt (44). The surface of the connecting bolt (44) is in contact with the inner wall of the second through hole (7) and the through hole (8) respectively.

8. The flexible load-bearing structure for tunnel pressure relief support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the pressure relief components (3) and the connecting components (4) is several, and they are evenly distributed between the steel arch frame (1) and the flexible load-bearing body (2).

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