A device for shallow bias pressure phyllite tunnel excavation pre-reinforcement
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522737026.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-30
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-12-24
AI Technical Summary
现有预加固技术中，部分方案仅采用单一注浆加固，注浆装置多为固定结构，无法根据加固深度灵活调整，且易因岩屑堵塞注浆孔影响加固效果；部分方案依赖定制化环向支撑拱架，适配性差，无法满足不同断面隧道的施工需求，且安装流程复杂，需大量人力与时间；还有方案缺乏针对性的偏压平衡设计，仅通过简单支撑抵御偏压荷载，平衡效果差，难以适应千枚岩围岩的动态受力变化
本实用新型的用于浅埋偏压千枚岩隧道开挖预加固装置，包括可塑环向支撑单元和注浆单元，可塑环向支撑单元包括定位架和多个拼接相连的弧形支撑节，多个弧形支撑节通过伸缩杆相连拼接成支撑拱架，支撑拱架上等间隔设置有多个定位架，定位架的方向沿隧道深度方向设置；定位架上预留有锚孔，注浆单元用于穿过锚孔后进行注浆。通过注浆单元和可塑环向支撑单元的协同作用，实现千枚岩围岩的高效注浆加固、灵活环向支撑，保障隧道开挖安全，同时具备适配性强、操作简便、成本可控的优点，显著提升浅埋偏压千枚岩隧道的预加固效率。
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Figure CN224919280U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel engineering construction technology, and in particular to a pre-reinforcement device for excavation of shallow-buried bias-pressure phyllite tunnels. Background Technology
[0002] Excavation of shallow-buried, bias-pressure phyllite tunnels is a critical and challenging aspect of tunnel engineering. Phyllite, a typical soft metamorphic rock, is characterized by low strength, easy weathering, and softening upon contact with water. Under shallow-buried, bias-pressure conditions, the uneven stress on the surrounding rock further exacerbates construction risks. Before excavation of such tunnels, pre-reinforcement measures are necessary to enhance the stability of the surrounding rock, preventing safety accidents such as rock collapse and arch deformation during excavation, and ensuring the safety of construction personnel and equipment. In recent years, with the extension of infrastructure construction such as transportation and water conservancy to complex geological areas, the demand for shallow-buried, biased phyllite tunnels has been increasing. Among the existing pre-reinforcement technologies, some schemes only use single grouting reinforcement, and the grouting devices are mostly fixed structures that cannot be flexibly adjusted according to the reinforcement depth. Moreover, the reinforcement effect is easily affected by rock debris clogging the grouting holes. Some schemes rely on customized circumferential support arches, which have poor adaptability and cannot meet the construction needs of tunnels with different cross-sections. In addition, the installation process is complicated and requires a lot of manpower and time. Other schemes lack targeted bias balance design and only use simple supports to resist bias loads, resulting in poor balance effect and difficulty in adapting to the dynamic stress changes of the phyllite surrounding rock. The existing solutions generally suffer from limited functionality, low adaptability, and cumbersome operation. They fail to achieve the synergistic effect of "reinforcement-support-balancing" and cannot meet the needs of rapid on-site construction, resulting in low pre-reinforcement efficiency and high costs, and failing to fully guarantee the safety and economy of shallow-buried, biased phyllite tunnel excavation. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a multifunctional, highly adaptable, and easy-to-operate pre-reinforcement device to address the shortcomings of existing technologies. Utility Model Content
[0003] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a pre-reinforcement device for shallow-buried bias-pressure phyllite tunnel excavation, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art, so as to achieve efficient grouting reinforcement, flexible circumferential support and precise bias balance of phyllite surrounding rock, ensure the safety of tunnel excavation, and at the same time have the advantages of strong adaptability, simple operation and controllable cost, significantly improving the pre-reinforcement efficiency of shallow-buried bias-pressure phyllite tunnels.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following solution: This utility model provides a pre-reinforcement device for shallow-buried biased phyllite tunnel excavation, comprising a plastic circumferential support unit and a grouting unit. The plastic circumferential support unit includes a positioning frame and multiple interconnected arc-shaped support sections. The multiple arc-shaped support sections are connected and spliced together by telescopic rods to form a support arch frame. Multiple positioning frames are equally spaced on the support arch frame, and the orientation of the positioning frames is along the tunnel depth direction. Anchor holes are reserved on the positioning frames, and the grouting unit is used to inject grout through the anchor holes.
[0005] In one embodiment, the arc-shaped support section has a double-layer structure, and each of the two adjacent arc-shaped support sections is equipped with two telescopic rods, one inside and one outside, which are located at the inner and outer rings of the arc-shaped support section, respectively.
[0006] In one embodiment, the telescopic rod is provided with a locking bolt, which is used to fix the telescopic rod to the arc-shaped support section.
[0007] In one embodiment, an adaptive bias balancing unit is provided inside the arc-shaped support section.
[0008] In one embodiment, the adaptive bias balancing unit includes a sensor, a spring buffer, and an adjusting rod. The sensor is attached to the inner side of the arc-shaped support section, and the spring buffer is fixed to the arc-shaped support section on the bias side. One end of the adjusting rod is connected to the spring buffer, and the other end abuts against the surface of the tunnel surrounding rock.
[0009] In one embodiment, the grouting unit includes a grouting pipe and a grouting pump. The side wall of the grouting pipe has grouting holes, and the outside of the grouting holes is wrapped with a permeable filter screen. The front end of the grouting pipe is provided with a detachable drill bit, and the tail end of the grouting pipe is connected to the grouting pump through a quick connector.
[0010] In one embodiment, the grouting pipe is a segmented grouting pipe, and the segments of the segmented grouting pipe are spliced together by threaded joints.
[0011] In one embodiment, each section of the grouting pipe has grouting holes arranged in a quincunx pattern on its body, and a filter assembly is spliced to the tail end of the grouting pipe.
[0012] In one embodiment, the parts of the grouting pipe and the grouting pump that come into contact with the grout are made of corrosion-resistant materials.
[0013] In one embodiment, the surface of the arc-shaped support joint is treated with rust prevention, and the arc-shaped support joint is made of a high-strength, lightweight material.
[0014] The present invention achieves the following technical advantages over the prior art: This utility model discloses a pre-reinforcement device for shallow-buried, biased phyllite tunnel excavation, comprising a plastic circumferential support unit and a grouting unit. The plastic circumferential support unit includes a positioning frame and multiple interconnected arc-shaped support sections. These arc-shaped support sections are connected by telescopic rods to form a support arch. Multiple positioning frames are evenly spaced on the support arch, with the positioning frames oriented along the tunnel depth direction. Anchor holes are pre-drilled on the positioning frames, through which the grouting unit performs grouting. Through the synergistic effect of the grouting unit and the plastic circumferential support unit, efficient grouting reinforcement and flexible circumferential support of the phyllite surrounding rock are achieved, ensuring tunnel excavation safety. It also possesses advantages such as strong adaptability, simple operation, and controllable cost, significantly improving the pre-reinforcement efficiency of shallow-buried, biased phyllite tunnels. Attached Figure Description
[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a pre-reinforcement device for shallow-buried, biased phyllite tunnel excavation. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front end of the grouting pipe; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the grouting unit pipe. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a malleable circumferential support unit; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an adaptive bias balancing unit; In the diagram: 1. Support arch; 2. Positioning frame; 3. Anchor hole; 4. Detachable drill bit; 5. Grouting hole; 6. Pipe wall; 7. Filter assembly; 8. Telescopic rod; 9. Balancing unit; 10. Arc-shaped support section; 11. Sensor; 12. Spring buffer; 13. Adjusting top rod. Detailed Implementation
[0017] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.
[0018] The purpose of this invention is to provide a pre-reinforcement device for shallow-buried bias-pressure phyllite tunnel excavation, in order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, so as to achieve efficient grouting reinforcement, flexible circumferential support and precise bias balance of phyllite surrounding rock, ensure the safety of tunnel excavation, and at the same time have the advantages of strong adaptability, simple operation and controllable cost, significantly improving the pre-reinforcement efficiency of shallow-buried bias-pressure phyllite tunnels.
[0019] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0020] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, this utility model provides a pre-reinforcement device for excavating shallow-buried, biased phyllite tunnels, including a support arch 1 and a positioning frame 2. The support arch 1 supports the entire device and houses monitoring, support, and connection modules. The positioning frame 2 engages with the support arch 1, providing positioning and anchoring. Anchor holes 3 are provided on the positioning frame 2, through which anchor rods are driven into the surrounding rock, reinforcing the surrounding rock and anchoring the entire support device to form a stable circumferential support system.
[0021] At the same time, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the grouting unit consists of a detachable drill bit 4, a grouting pipe 6, and a grouting pump. The detachable drill bit 4 can be directly connected to the front end of the pipe. The grouting pipe 6 is segmented and its length can be freely spliced to adapt to different grouting depths. The segmented grouting pipe can be flexibly spliced into multiple segments according to the reinforcement depth, and the diameter of the grouting holes is adapted to the grouting permeability requirements of phyllite. Each segment of the pipe has grouting holes 5 distributed in a quincunx pattern. The filter assembly 7 is spliced to the tail end of the grouting pipe 6 and directly connected to the grouting pump. The pressure of the grouting pump is adapted to the reinforcement requirements of phyllite surrounding rock, and the pump body is equipped with a pressure gauge for easy pressure monitoring. The detachable drill bit 4 is a conical drill bit to drive the pipe into the surrounding rock. The drill bit has a built-in sensor to monitor the condition of the surrounding rock. The side wall of the grouting pipe 6 has grouting holes 5, and the outside of the grouting holes 5 is wrapped with a permeable filter. The tail end of the grouting pipe 6 is connected to the grouting pump via a quick connector. The sections of the grouting pipe 6 are connected by threaded joints. The threaded joints and quick couplings are made of corrosion-resistant metal, and the filter assembly 7 can effectively prevent rock debris from clogging the grouting holes.
[0022] like Figure 4 , Figure 5The diagram shows a schematic of the malleable circumferential support unit and the adaptive bias balance unit. The arc-shaped support sections 10 can be freely assembled to form support arches 1 of various sizes. These are achieved through the use of telescopic rods 8, with each joint equipped with two telescopic rods 8 (inner and outer). The telescopic rods 8 are fitted with locking bolts to ensure connection strength. The method of fixing the telescopic rods 8 to the arc-shaped support sections 10 using locking bolts is a mature existing technology and will not be elaborated further here. The main feature of this invention is the connection and fixation of adjacent arc-shaped support sections 10 using telescopic rods 8. By utilizing the adjustable curvature of the arc-shaped support sections and varying the number of connections, the overall support arch 1 can be malleable. The locking bolts are used to securely connect the telescopic rods 8 to the arc-shaped support sections 10. The arc-shaped support section 10 and the adaptive bias balancing unit form an integral whole. The adaptive bias balancing unit is located inside the arc-shaped support section 10. The lower end face of the support arch frame 1 composed of the arc-shaped support section 10 provides the support point for the adaptive bias balancing unit. The adjusting top rod 13 is connected to the upper end face of the arc-shaped support section 10 and acts directly on the surrounding rock to provide support for the surrounding rock and balance the bias load.
[0023] The adaptive bias balancing unit includes a sensor 11, a spring buffer 12, and an adjusting rod 13. The sensor 11 is attached to the inside of the arc-shaped support section 10 to monitor the magnitude of the bias load in real time. The spring buffer 12 is fixed to the arc-shaped support section 10 to absorb the bias impact force. One end of the adjusting rod 13 is connected to the spring buffer 12, and the other end abuts against the tunnel surrounding rock surface through the upper surface of the arc-shaped support section 10. The arc-shaped support section 10 is made of high-strength, lightweight material, and its curvature can be adjusted according to the tunnel cross-sectional dimensions to meet the adaptation requirements of different cross-sections.
[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the grouting pipe 6 is 1-1.5m long per section, and 2-3 sections can be spliced together depending on the reinforcement depth. The detachable drill bit 4 is made of hard alloy material, which has high drilling efficiency and is not easily worn. The inner side of the arc-shaped support section 10 is equipped with reinforcing ribs to further improve the deformation resistance. The grouting pump adopts a lightweight design and can be operated by a single person. The fixed anchor bolts are made of threaded steel, and the anchoring depth is not less than 1.2m to ensure the stability of the support unit. The fixed anchor bolts and anchor rods (grouting pipe 6) are made of high-strength steel, and the surface is coated with an anti-corrosion coating to ensure anchoring stability and durability. The sensor 11 can accurately monitor the bias load, and the surface is covered with a waterproof membrane to adapt to the humid environment of the tunnel. The spring buffer 12 has good buffering performance, the outer shell is made of corrosion-resistant material, and the internal spring strength is adapted to the bias buffering requirements. The adjusting rod 13 is made of high-strength pipe material, and the surface scale facilitates accurate adjustment of the support length. The end of the rod that abuts against the surrounding rock is equipped with an anti-slip structure.
[0025] In this embodiment, the grouting unit, the plastic circumferential support unit, and the adaptive bias balance unit all adopt a modular design, allowing for quick assembly and disassembly of each component without the need for large auxiliary equipment. The sensor 11 is installed using an adhesive method, eliminating the need for additional drilling for fixation, making installation convenient and without damaging the support structure. The locking bolts in the telescopic rod 8 are designed with wing bolts, allowing for quick manual tightening and improving construction efficiency. The filter assembly 7 is made of stainless steel, which is corrosion-resistant and provides excellent filtration, effectively preventing phyllite debris from clogging the grouting holes.
[0026] In a preferred embodiment, the grouting pipe 6 and the grouting pump in contact with the grout are made of corrosion-resistant materials to extend their service life; the surface of the arc-shaped support section 10 is treated with rust prevention to adapt to the humid construction environment of the tunnel; the adjusting top rod 13 and the abutting end of the upper surface of the support section are provided with anti-slip rubber pads to increase the friction with the surrounding rock and prevent the support from slipping. Therefore, during the pre-reinforcement construction of shallow-buried, biased phyllite tunnel excavation, the pre-reinforcement device provided in this embodiment first adjusts the arc of the arc-shaped support section 10 of the plastic circumferential support unit according to the tunnel cross-section dimensions, and fixes it by connecting it with the telescopic rod 8. Then, the assembled plastic circumferential support unit is anchored to the surrounding rock of the tunnel sidewall through the positioning frame 2 to form a circumferential support foundation. Next, under the feedback of the sensor 11 of the adaptive bias balance unit, the extension length of the top rod 13 is adjusted according to the bias load, so that the adjusting top rod 13 abuts against the surrounding rock, and works with the spring buffer 12 to form a reverse support force to balance the bias load. Next, the modular grouting unit is assembled, and the segmented grouting pipes are spliced according to the reinforcement depth. The detachable drill bit 4 is installed and drilled to the preset depth through the anchor hole 3 reserved on the positioning frame 2. The grouting pipe 6 is connected to the grouting pump through the quick connector. The solidified grout is connected to the grouting pump through the hose. The grouting pump is started, and the grouting pressure is adjusted according to the pressure gauge display. The solidified grout penetrates into the fissures of the phyllite surrounding rock through the grouting hole 5 of the grouting pipe 6. The permeable filter screen prevents the grouting hole from being blocked and ensures uniform grouting. After grouting is completed, the grout is allowed to solidify. During this period, the bias pressure change can be monitored in real time via sensor 11, and the support strength of the top rod 13 can be finely adjusted if necessary. After pre-reinforcement is completed, each unit component can be disassembled according to the construction progress and transferred to the next construction section for reuse. This device significantly improves the stability of phyllite surrounding rock through the synergistic effect of grouting reinforcement, circumferential support, and bias pressure balance. It has a simple structure, is easy to operate, and has strong adaptability, effectively solving the problems of low efficiency and poor effect in pre-reinforcement of shallow-buried bias-pressure phyllite tunnels.
[0027] The features of this utility model of a pre-reinforcement device for shallow-buried, bias-pressure phyllite tunnel excavation are as follows: Functional Synergy and High Efficiency: Through the synergistic effect of the grouting unit, the plastic circumferential support unit and the adaptive bias balance unit, the integrated pre-reinforcement of "grouting reinforcement - circumferential support - bias balance" is achieved, which specifically solves the problems of easy weathering of phyllite and uneven bias stress, significantly improves the stability of the surrounding rock and reduces the risk of tunnel excavation collapse. High adaptability: The segmented grouting pipe can be flexibly spliced and its length adjusted. The arc-shaped support section 10 and the telescopic rod 8 can be adapted to tunnels with different cross-sections. There is no need to customize special components for different working conditions. It has wide applicability and reduces construction costs. Simple and quick to operate: The manual grouting pump does not require an external power supply and can be operated by a single person; the support unit assembly only requires fixing with locking bolts, and the bias balance adjustment is quickly completed by relying on sensors and scale rods. No complicated equipment or professional technology is required, and 2-3 people can complete the installation of the entire device, which greatly improves construction efficiency.
[0028] Good environmental adaptability: The surfaces of each component are equipped with anti-corrosion and waterproof structures, which can adapt to the humid and dusty environment of tunnels, extend the service life of the device, and ensure stable and reliable reinforcement effect. Optimize the support effect: By combining the on-site reinforcement effect, surrounding rock deformation data and eccentric load monitoring results, the pre-reinforcement parameters (such as grouting pressure and support strength) can be adjusted to provide a better pre-reinforcement scheme for subsequent similar tunnel construction, thereby improving the overall economy and safety of the project. This utility model uses specific examples to illustrate its principles and implementation methods. The above description of the embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core idea of this utility model. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the idea of this utility model. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.
Claims
1. A pre-reinforcement device for excavation of shallow-buried, biased phyllite tunnels, characterized in that: The system includes a malleable circumferential support unit and a grouting unit. The malleable circumferential support unit includes a positioning frame and multiple interconnected arc-shaped support sections. The multiple arc-shaped support sections are connected and spliced together by telescopic rods to form a support arch frame. Multiple positioning frames are equally spaced on the support arch frame, and the positioning frames are oriented along the tunnel depth direction. Anchor holes are reserved on the positioning frames, and the grouting unit is used to perform grouting after passing through the anchor holes.
2. The pre-reinforcement device for shallow-buried, biased phyllite tunnel excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The arc-shaped support section has a double-layer structure. At the joint of two adjacent arc-shaped support sections, there are two telescopic rods, one inside and one outside. The two telescopic rods are located at the inner and outer rings of the arc-shaped support section, respectively.
3. The pre-reinforcement device for shallow-buried, biased phyllite tunnel excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic rod is equipped with a locking bolt, which is used to fix the telescopic rod to the arc-shaped support section.
4. The pre-reinforcement device for shallow-buried bias-pressure phyllite tunnel excavation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The arc-shaped support section is equipped with an adaptive bias balancing unit.
5. The pre-reinforcement device for shallow-buried bias-pressure phyllite tunnel excavation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The adaptive bias balancing unit includes a sensor, a spring buffer, and an adjusting rod. The sensor is attached to the inside of the arc-shaped support section, and the spring buffer is fixed to the arc-shaped support section on the bias side. One end of the adjusting rod is connected to the spring buffer, and the other end abuts against the surface of the tunnel surrounding rock.
6. The pre-reinforcement device for shallow-buried bias-pressure phyllite tunnel excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grouting unit includes a grouting pipe and a grouting pump. The side wall of the grouting pipe has grouting holes, and the outside of the grouting holes is wrapped with a permeable filter screen. The front end of the grouting pipe is equipped with a detachable drill bit, and the tail end of the grouting pipe is connected to the grouting pump through a quick connector.
7. The pre-reinforcement device for shallow-buried bias-pressure phyllite tunnel excavation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The grouting pipe is a segmented grouting pipe, and the segments of the segmented grouting pipe are spliced together by threaded joints.
8. The pre-reinforcement device for shallow-buried bias-pressure phyllite tunnel excavation according to claim 7, characterized in that: Each section of the grouting pipe has grouting holes arranged in a plum blossom pattern on its body, and the filter assembly is spliced to the tail end of the grouting pipe.
9. The pre-reinforcement device for shallow-buried biased phyllite tunnel excavation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The grouting pipe and grouting pump are made of corrosion-resistant materials at the contact points with the grout.
10. The pre-reinforcement device for shallow-buried bias-pressure phyllite tunnel excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the arc-shaped support section is treated with rust prevention.