Photovoltaic type liquid hydrogen vehicle bottle electric heating vaporization pressure regulating system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a photovoltaic type bottle electric heating vaporization pressure regulation and control system for liquid hydrogen vehicle, including liquid hydrogen vehicle bottle, the liquid outlet of liquid hydrogen vehicle bottle is connected respectively through liquid hydrogen liquid outlet pipe and imports of electric heating type vaporizer A and electric heating type vaporizer B, and the export of electric heating type vaporizer A is backflowed to liquid hydrogen vehicle bottle gas phase space through gas hydrogen gas return pipe, and the export of electric heating type vaporizer B is connected buffer tank and then is connected hydrogen equipment, and photovoltaic module and electric heating type vaporizer A and electric heating type vaporizer B electric connection, and PLC module and photovoltaic module electric connection. Through above -mentioned mode, the utility model uses photovoltaic module and supplies energy to realize green environmental protection from source, and is equipped with photovoltaic electric heating type vaporizer active heating and heating power adjustable, can adapt to different temperature condition, and the heat exchange temperature difference is big, and the system efficiency is promoted, and adopts ceramic heating sheet winding pipeline, and electric energy is converted into heat energy efficiently, prevents the formation and spatter of liquid oxygen, and ensures system safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of liquid hydrogen technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic liquid hydrogen vehicle bottle electrothermal vaporization pressure control system. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, my country's civilian liquid hydrogen industry has developed rapidly, establishing a complete innovation chain encompassing liquid hydrogen production, storage, transportation, refueling, and safety monitoring. Domestic enterprises and research institutions have continuously invested in the development of liquid hydrogen cylinders for vehicles, with several products already in the road testing phase. However, the system design of liquid hydrogen cylinders for vehicles still faces some challenges in practical applications.

[0003] Due to the ultra-low boiling point and ultra-low critical point of liquid hydrogen, the pressure of the liquid hydrogen storage medium is generally low, typically operating at 0.3-0.5 MPa. However, current high-power fuel cell stacks require higher supply pressures, and the pressure inside liquid hydrogen vehicle cylinders is often insufficient to directly meet the engine's supply pressure requirements, necessitating an external pressurization system. Therefore, developing a pressure regulation system for vehicle cylinders suitable for liquid hydrogen is crucial for promoting the application and widespread adoption of liquid hydrogen in vehicles.

[0004] Currently, the pressure regulation used in liquid hydrogen vehicle cylinders largely follows the air-bath finned tube self-pressurization system structure adopted from LNG vehicle cylinders. LNG stored in LNG vehicle cylinders is a cryogenic liquid (boiling point approximately -162℃), existing in a low-temperature, high-pressure environment under normal conditions. When the engine is running, the LNG needs to be vaporized and delivered to the engine combustion system at a certain pressure (typically 0.6-1.0 MPa). If the pressure inside the cylinder is too low, it will lead to insufficient gas supply, affecting engine power output; if the pressure is too high, it needs to be released through a safety valve, resulting in energy waste and safety hazards. The core function of this self-pressurization system is to vaporize part of the LNG inside the cylinder through heat exchange, utilizing the gas expansion characteristics to increase the pressure inside the cylinder and maintain it within the reasonable range required by the engine.

[0005] The core component of the current mainstream air-bath finned tube self-pressurization system is a set of finned tubes, one end of which is connected to the liquid phase region inside the bottle, and the other end is connected to the gas phase region inside the bottle. During operation, cryogenic LNG flows in through the finned tubes and exchanges heat with the outside air (air is the heat source). After absorbing heat and vaporizing, the LNG returns to the gas phase region inside the bottle. The expansion of the gas volume drives the pressure inside the bottle to increase, thus achieving self-pressurization.

[0006] Although air-bath finned tube self-pressurization systems can function in normal environments, their reliance on environmental conditions for heat exchange presents significant application limitations. First, its heat exchange capacity is limited by ambient temperature, resulting in poor adaptability. The heat exchange efficiency of air-bath finned tubes relies entirely on the heat provided by the ambient air. In low ambient temperatures (such as in frigid winter regions) or when air circulation is poor, the heat exchange efficiency drops significantly, resulting in slow self-pressurization and potentially failing to meet the normal gas pressure requirements of vehicle cylinders, thus affecting the stability of vehicle power output. After prolonged operation, frost and ice will form on the surface of the finned tubes, further reducing heat exchange efficiency.

[0007] Second, its application in liquid hydrogen vehicle cylinders poses serious safety hazards: Because liquid hydrogen has an extremely low temperature (approximately -253°C), the surrounding air temperature drops sharply during the heat exchange process of the finned tubes. This causes nitrogen, oxygen, and other components in the air to condense on the surface of the finned tubes, forming liquid air, whose main component is liquid oxygen. As a strong oxidant, liquid oxygen can easily trigger a violent oxidation reaction or even combustion and explosion once it comes into contact with the finned tube material or surrounding combustibles, posing a great safety risk and failing to meet the safety standards for the storage and use of liquid hydrogen.

[0008] The aforementioned defects indicate that existing air-bath finned tube self-pressurization systems are ill-suited for applications requiring cryogenic environments and ultra-low temperature media such as liquid hydrogen, necessitating the development of a novel self-pressurization technology to overcome these limitations. Utility Model Content

[0009] The main technical problem solved by this utility model is to provide a photovoltaic-type liquid hydrogen vehicle bottle electric heating vaporization pressure control system, which uses photovoltaic modules to provide energy to achieve green and environmentally friendly operation from the source; it is equipped with a photovoltaic electric heating vaporizer for active heating and adjustable heating power, which can adapt to different temperature conditions, with a large heat exchange temperature difference, thus improving system efficiency; it uses ceramic heating elements to wrap the pipeline, which efficiently converts electrical energy into heat energy, prevents the formation and splashing of liquid oxygen, and ensures system safety.

[0010] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a photovoltaic-type liquid hydrogen vehicle cylinder electric heating vaporization pressure control system, comprising: a liquid hydrogen vehicle cylinder, an electrically heated vaporizer A, an electrically heated vaporizer B, a photovoltaic module, and a PLC module. The outlet of the liquid hydrogen vehicle cylinder is connected to the inlet of electrically heated vaporizer A and electrically heated vaporizer B respectively through a liquid hydrogen outlet pipe; the outlet of electrically heated vaporizer A flows back to the gas phase space of the liquid hydrogen vehicle cylinder through a gaseous hydrogen return pipe, which is used to return gaseous hydrogen into the cylinder, forming a self-pressurizing circuit; the outlet of electrically heated vaporizer B is connected to a buffer tank and then connected to the hydrogen-using equipment, forming a hydrogen supply circuit. The photovoltaic module is electrically connected to the electrically heated vaporizer A and the electrically heated vaporizer B to provide them with electrical energy; the PLC module is used to monitor the status of the self-pressurization system and control the operation of the self-pressurization circuit and the hydrogen supply circuit.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the electrically heated vaporizer A and the electrically heated vaporizer B have the same structure, both including a self-vaporization pipeline and a heating element disposed on the surface of the self-vaporization pipeline, and the heating element is electrically connected to the photovoltaic module.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the heating element is a ceramic heating plate, which is wound around the surface of a low-temperature resistant stainless steel self-vaporizing pipeline.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the photovoltaic module includes a solar photovoltaic panel and a storage battery. The solar photovoltaic panel is connected to the storage battery for charging, and the storage battery is electrically connected to an electrically heated vaporizer A and an electrically heated vaporizer B for supplying power.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the battery is connected in parallel with the vehicle power supply, and the photovoltaic module is electrically connected to the PLC control module. The photovoltaic module can control the power supply to switch between the battery and the vehicle power supply according to the battery's charge level.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the buffer tank is connected to a pressure sensor P2, and the gaseous hydrogen return pipe is equipped with a temperature sensor T1 and a pressure sensor P1. The temperature sensor T1, pressure sensor P1, and pressure sensor P2 are all electrically connected to the PLC module.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, an electromagnetic regulating valve Z1 is provided on the pipeline between the liquid hydrogen outlet pipe and the inlet of the electrically heated vaporizer B, and an electromagnetic regulating valve Z2 is provided on the pipeline between the liquid hydrogen outlet pipe and the inlet of the electrically heated vaporizer A. The electromagnetic regulating valves Z1 and Z2 are electrically connected to the PLC module, and a pressure regulating valve Z3 is provided on the outlet pipeline of the buffer tank.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a safety valve B is provided on the rear end pipe of the electrically heated vaporizer A, and a safety valve A is provided on the rear end pipe of the electrically heated vaporizer B.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the hydrogen-using device is a dehydrogenated fuel cell stack.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this utility model are: Using photovoltaic modules to provide energy conversion enables greening of energy supply from the source, making it greener, more environmentally friendly and energy-saving; The photovoltaic electric heating vaporizer eliminates the dependence on ambient temperature. A photovoltaic electric heating system with controllable power provides active heating for the liquid hydrogen vaporizer pipeline. At the same time, the heating power can be flexibly adjusted to match the dynamic heat exchange requirements according to different temperature scenarios, so that the heat exchange temperature difference is significantly higher than the ambient temperature, reducing the interference of external temperature changes on the system and greatly improving the heat exchange efficiency and operating condition adaptability of the booster system. High-performance ceramic heating elements are used as heating elements and are wrapped around the surface of the vaporization pipeline. During operation, electrical energy can be efficiently converted into heat energy, keeping the area near the vaporization pipeline of the self-pressurizing system within a safe and stable temperature range. This effectively suppresses the generation and splashing of liquid air and liquid oxygen, further improving system safety. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort, wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the photovoltaic liquid hydrogen vehicle bottle electric heating vaporization pressure control system of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a control principle diagram of a preferred embodiment of the photovoltaic liquid hydrogen vehicle bottle electric heating vaporization pressure regulation system of this utility model; The components in the attached diagram are labeled as follows: 1. Liquid hydrogen vehicle cylinder; 2. Liquid hydrogen outlet pipe; 3. Gaseous hydrogen return pipe; 4. Electric heating vaporizer A; 5. Electric heating vaporizer B; 6. Buffer tank; 7. Pressure regulating valve; 8. Photovoltaic module; 9. PLC module; 10. Pressure sensor P2; 11. Temperature sensor T1; 12. Pressure sensor P1; 13. Hydrogen dehydrogenation fuel cell stack. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this utility model described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0022] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] This utility model relates to a preferred embodiment of a photovoltaic liquid hydrogen vehicle bottle electric heating vaporization pressure control system, which aims to solve the problems of existing systems being unable to adapt to extreme low-temperature environments and posing safety hazards. By combining photovoltaic power supply with intelligent control, the system can achieve self-pressurization and hydrogen supply, adapt to the heat exchange energy requirements under different temperature scenarios, and the heat exchange temperature difference is much higher than the ambient temperature, which greatly improves the working efficiency of the pressurization system and enhances safety.

[0024] Please see Figure 1-2 The photovoltaic liquid hydrogen vehicle bottle electrothermal vaporization pressure control system includes a liquid hydrogen vehicle bottle, a liquid hydrogen outlet pipe, an electrically heated vaporizer A, an electrically heated vaporizer B, a gaseous hydrogen return pipe, a buffer tank, a photovoltaic module, and a PLC module. The liquid hydrogen vehicle bottle is equipped with a gas phase space interface at the top and a liquid hydrogen outlet at the bottom, which are used for gaseous hydrogen reflux and liquid hydrogen output, respectively.

[0025] The aforementioned components are connected by pipelines to form a self-pressurizing circuit and a hydrogen supply circuit that work together. When the cylinder pressure is too low, the self-pressurizing circuit vaporizes and pressurizes the liquid hydrogen. When the cylinder pressure meets the vehicle's requirements, the hydrogen supply circuit stabilizes the vaporized hydrogen within the pressure range required by the vehicle before supplying it to the downstream hydrogen-using equipment. The entire system operation is monitored by a PLC module.

[0026] First, there is a self-pressurization circuit, primarily for pressurizing the liquid hydrogen vehicle cylinder. The outlet of the liquid hydrogen vehicle cylinder is connected to the inlet of the electrically heated vaporizer A via a branch of the liquid hydrogen outlet pipe. This section of the pipe is also equipped with an electromagnetic regulating valve Z2. The outlet of the electrically heated vaporizer A flows directly back to the gas phase space of the liquid hydrogen vehicle cylinder via a gaseous hydrogen return pipe, which is used to return gaseous hydrogen into the cylinder and form a closed-loop self-pressurization circuit.

[0027] Secondly, there is the hydrogen supply circuit, which mainly provides stable-pressure gaseous hydrogen to the downstream hydrogen-using equipment. Another branch of the liquid hydrogen outlet pipe connects to the inlet of the electrically heated vaporizer B. This section of the pipe is also equipped with an electromagnetic regulating valve Z1. The outlet of the electrically heated vaporizer B is connected to a buffer tank and then to the hydrogen-using equipment, forming the hydrogen supply circuit. In this embodiment, the hydrogen-using equipment is preferably a hydrogen-depleted fuel cell stack.

[0028] To further ensure stable hydrogen supply pressure, a pressure regulating valve Z3 is installed on the outlet pipeline of the buffer tank, which can adjust the output hydrogen pressure according to the needs of the fuel cell stack.

[0029] In this invention, the electric heating vaporizer A and the electric heating vaporizer B have the same structure, both including a self-vaporizing pipeline and a heating element disposed on the surface of the self-vaporizing pipeline.

[0030] The self-vaporization pipeline is an air-bath type stainless steel pipeline. The stainless steel pipeline is made of low-temperature resistant stainless steel, which can withstand the ultra-low temperature environment of liquid hydrogen and ensure the stability of the pipeline structure; or, the self-vaporization pipeline adopts a water-bath type vaporizer, with the tube side used for liquid hydrogen flow and the shell side used for hot circulating water flow.

[0031] Furthermore, the heating element uses ceramic heating plates, which are tightly wound around the outer wall of the self-vaporizing pipeline.

[0032] Unlike traditional air-bath vaporizers that rely on ambient air for heat exchange, this photovoltaic vaporizer uses active electric heating: ceramic heating elements are directly electrically connected to the photovoltaic module, converting photovoltaic electrical energy into heat energy. This allows for precise control of the surface temperature of the vaporization pipe, maintaining the area around the vaporization pipe within a safe temperature range. This fundamentally prevents the surrounding air from condensing at low temperatures to form liquid oxygen and accumulate, thus avoiding the risk of combustion and explosion caused by low-temperature liquids and significantly improving system safety.

[0033] In this utility model, the photovoltaic module includes a solar photovoltaic panel and a storage battery. The solar photovoltaic panel is connected to the storage battery to charge it. The storage battery is electrically connected to an electrically heated vaporizer A and an electrically heated vaporizer B to provide them with electrical energy.

[0034] Furthermore, the battery is connected in parallel with the vehicle power supply, and the photovoltaic module is electrically connected to the PLC control module.

[0035] In detail, the power supply of this system is based on photovoltaic modules. Through the linkage between the battery and the vehicle power supply, and through intelligent control by the PLC module, a stable power supply is achieved under all working conditions, ensuring the continuous operation of the electric heating carburetor and the vehicle power system.

[0036] The PLC control module is configured to prioritize powering the carburetor from the battery, and automatically switch to powering it from the vehicle's power supply when the battery charge falls below a set threshold.

[0037] When sunlight conditions are suitable, the solar photovoltaic panels charge the battery; when the PLC module sends a carburetor heating command, the system prioritizes battery power; if prolonged operation leads to insufficient battery power, the PLC module will automatically switch to the vehicle power supply to ensure uninterrupted system operation.

[0038] Based on the above structure, a temperature sensor T1 and a pressure sensor P1 are provided on the gaseous hydrogen return pipe, and a pressure sensor P2 is connected to the buffer tank. The temperature sensor T1, pressure sensor P1, and pressure sensor P2 are all electrically connected to the PLC module.

[0039] The temperature sensor T1 and the pressure sensor P1 are a combination. The pressure sensor P1 continuously detects the gas phase pressure inside the liquid hydrogen vehicle cylinder. The PLC module determines whether pressurization is needed based on the pressure signal detected by the pressure sensor P1. During the pressurization process, the amount of power supplied depends on the feedback from the temperature sensor T1, which assists in monitoring and real-time adjustment and control.

[0040] Pressure sensor P2 directly monitors the pressure inside the buffer tank. The PLC module determines whether the electric heating vaporizer B needs to be heated by electric energy based on the pressure signal detected by pressure sensor P2. If the pressure is lower than the set value, electric energy is provided for heating. If the pressure value meets the set value, no electric energy is provided.

[0041] Furthermore, a safety valve B is installed on the rear pipeline of the electrically heated vaporizer A, and a safety valve A is installed on the rear pipeline of the electrically heated vaporizer B, to prevent overpressure in the pipeline. When the pipeline condition is abnormal and the pressure reaches the pipeline's safety limit, the corresponding safety valve will directly activate to release the excessive pressure, ensuring system safety.

[0042] The working process of the self-pressurization circuit of the photovoltaic liquid hydrogen vehicle bottle electric heating vaporization pressure regulation system is as follows: When pressure sensor P1 detects that the pressure inside the bottle is lower than the preset value, the PLC module opens the electromagnetic regulating valve Z2, allowing liquid hydrogen to enter the electrically heated vaporizer A, vaporize into gaseous hydrogen, and return to the bottle; temperature sensor T1 monitors the temperature in real time and feeds it back to the PLC module, which then controls the heating power of the electrically heated vaporizer A according to the temperature deviation to maintain the target temperature; When the pressure sensor P1 detects that the pressure inside the bottle has reached the preset upper limit, the PLC module closes the solenoid regulating valve Z2 and stops heating, completing the self-pressurization process.

[0043] The working process of the hydrogen supply circuit of the photovoltaic liquid hydrogen vehicle bottle electric heating vaporization pressure regulation system is as follows: After the system starts, the PLC module controls the opening of the electromagnetic regulating valve Z1. Liquid hydrogen enters the electrically heated vaporizer B through the electromagnetic regulating valve Z1 and is vaporized. Then it enters the buffer tank. The pressure sensor P2 monitors the pressure of the buffer tank in real time and feeds it back to the PLC module. The PLC module controls the heating power of the electrically heated vaporizer B to maintain the set pressure. Finally, the hydrogen with stable pressure is delivered to the hydrogen dehydrogenation fuel cell stack through the pressure regulating valve Z3.

[0044] The beneficial effects of this utility model's photovoltaic-type liquid hydrogen vehicle bottle electric heating vaporization pressure control system are: Using photovoltaic modules to provide energy for the vaporization booster system has the advantages of being green, environmentally friendly, and energy-saving. The electrically heated vaporizer does not rely on ambient temperature. It provides active heating to the liquid hydrogen vaporizer pipeline through a photovoltaic electric heating system. The heating power is adjustable and can adapt to the heat exchange requirements under different temperature scenarios. The heat exchange temperature difference is much higher than that of the ambient temperature, which greatly improves the working efficiency of the booster system. Ceramic heating elements are used as heating elements and are wrapped around the surface of the vaporization pipeline. Electrical energy is converted into heat energy to maintain the area around the vaporization pipeline of the self-pressurization system within a safe temperature range, effectively preventing the formation and splashing of liquid air and liquid oxygen, and further enhancing the safety of the system.

[0045] The above description is merely an embodiment of this utility model and does not limit the patent scope of this utility model. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made using the content of this utility model specification, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic-type liquid hydrogen vehicle cylinder electrothermal vaporization pressure control system, characterized in that, include: Liquid hydrogen vehicle cylinders, electrically heated vaporizer A, electrically heated vaporizer B, photovoltaic modules, and PLC modules. The outlet of the liquid hydrogen vehicle cylinder is connected to the inlet of electrically heated vaporizer A and electrically heated vaporizer B respectively via a liquid hydrogen outlet pipe: The outlet of the electrically heated vaporizer A flows back to the gas phase space of the liquid hydrogen vehicle cylinder through the gas hydrogen return pipe, which is used to return gas hydrogen into the cylinder and form a self-pressurization circuit. The outlet of the electrically heated vaporizer B is connected to a buffer tank and then to a hydrogen-using device to form a hydrogen supply circuit. The photovoltaic module is electrically connected to the electrically heated vaporizer A and the electrically heated vaporizer B to provide them with electrical energy; The PLC module is used to monitor the status of the self-pressurization system and control the operation of the self-pressurization circuit and the hydrogen supply circuit.

2. The photovoltaic liquid hydrogen vehicle cylinder electrothermal vaporization pressure control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrically heated vaporizer A and electrically heated vaporizer B have the same structure, both including a self-vaporizing pipeline and a heating element disposed on the surface of the self-vaporizing pipeline, and the heating element is electrically connected to the photovoltaic module.

3. The photovoltaic liquid hydrogen vehicle cylinder electrothermal vaporization pressure control system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The heating element is a ceramic heating element, which is wound around the surface of a low-temperature resistant stainless steel self-vaporizing pipeline.

4. The photovoltaic liquid hydrogen vehicle cylinder electrothermal vaporization pressure control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module includes a solar photovoltaic panel and a battery. The solar photovoltaic panel is connected to the battery for charging, and the battery is electrically connected to an electrically heated vaporizer A and an electrically heated vaporizer B for power supply.

5. The photovoltaic liquid hydrogen vehicle cylinder electrothermal vaporization pressure control system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The battery is connected in parallel with the vehicle power supply, and the photovoltaic module is electrically connected to the PLC control module. The photovoltaic module can control the power supply to switch between the battery and the vehicle power supply according to the battery's charge level.

6. The photovoltaic liquid hydrogen vehicle cylinder electrothermal vaporization pressure control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The buffer tank is connected to a pressure sensor P2, and the gaseous hydrogen return pipe is equipped with a temperature sensor T1 and a pressure sensor P1. The temperature sensor T1, pressure sensor P1, and pressure sensor P2 are all electrically connected to the PLC module.

7. The photovoltaic liquid hydrogen vehicle cylinder electrothermal vaporization pressure control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, An electromagnetic regulating valve Z1 is installed on the pipeline between the liquid hydrogen outlet pipe and the inlet of the electrically heated vaporizer B, and an electromagnetic regulating valve Z2 is installed on the pipeline between the liquid hydrogen outlet pipe and the inlet of the electrically heated vaporizer A. The electromagnetic regulating valves Z1 and Z2 are electrically connected to the PLC module, and a pressure regulating valve Z3 is installed on the outlet pipeline of the buffer tank.

8. The photovoltaic liquid hydrogen vehicle cylinder electrothermal vaporization pressure control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A safety valve B is installed on the rear end pipe of the electrically heated vaporizer A, and a safety valve A is installed on the rear end pipe of the electrically heated vaporizer B.

9. The photovoltaic liquid hydrogen vehicle cylinder electrothermal vaporization pressure control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen-using equipment is a dehydrogenated fuel cell stack.

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